Delhi Public School Gwalior
(Under the aiges DPS Society , New Delhi)
Biology Investigatory Project
“Case Study : Drug & Alcohol Abuse in Adoloscents”
Submitted to : Ms. Sweeti Sharma
Submitted by : Kshitij Choudhary
Class : XII-C
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Kshitij Choudhary of Class XII C
of Delhi Public School, Gwalior has successfully
completed the Biology investigatory project titled
“Case Study : Drug & Alcohol Abuse in Adoloscents”
under the guidance of Ms Sweeti Sharma
I certified that this project is up to my expectation and
as per the guidelines issued by CBSE.
Signature of Educator
Ms Sweeti Sharma
Acknowledgement
I express my sincere gratitude
towards our honorable Principal
Ms. Gayatri Shrivastava for her
most valued support,
encouragement and suggestions. I
am also thankful to my Biology
educator Ms Sweeti Sharma for her
remarkable guidance and valuable
supervision throughout the project
work.
Index
What Of Drug 5
What is Alcohol 6
Ways Of Intake 7
Types Of Drugs 8
Cause Of Addiction 11
Real Life Examples 13
Consequences of Addiction 16
Cure and Medication 18
What is Drug?
A drug is a chemical substance
that produces a biological effect
when administered to a living
organism earlier it was used to
treat people but now has become
a fashion of intake of drugs to
satisfy their pleasure , it is used to
treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a
disease, or to promote well-
being. They can be used for a
limited time, or on a regular basis
for chronic disorders.
What is Alcohol?
• Alcohol is a type of drug sometimes
referred to by the chemical name
ethanol, is one of the most widely
used and abused psychoactive
drugs in the world. It is a central
nervous system depressant,
decreasing electrical activity of
neurons in the brain.
Ways of Intake
•Inhalation
•Injection
•Smoking
•Ingestion
•Absorption through a skin patch
•Suppository
•Dissolution
Types of Drugs
Drugs are basically divided into 7 categories:-
1) Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants
CNS depressants slow down the operations of
the brain and the body. Examples of CNS
depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, anti-
anxiety tranquilizers (e.g., Valium, Librium,
Xanax, Prozac, and Thorazine), GHB
(gammahydroxy-butyrate), Rohypnol, and many
other anti-depressants (e.g.Zoloft, Paxil)
2) CNS Stimulants
CNS stimulants accelerate the heart rate and
elevate the blood pressure and “speed-up,” or
over-stimulate, the body. Examples of CNS
stimulants include cocaine, “crack” cocaine,
amphetamines, and methamphetamine
(“crank”).
3) Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens cause the user to perceive
things differently than they actually are.
Examples include LSD, peyote, psilocybin and
MDMA (Ecstasy).
4) Dissociative Anesthetics
Dissociative anesthetics include drugs that
inhibit pain by cutting off or dissociating the
brain’s perception of the pain. PCP, its analogs,
and dextromethoraphan are examples of
dissociative anesthetics
5) Narcotic Analgesics
Narcotic analgesics relieve pain, induce
euphoria, and create mood changes in the user.
Examples of narcotic analgesics include opium,
codeine, heroin, demerol, darvon, morphine,
methadone, Vicodin, and oxycontin.
6) Inhalants
Inhalants include a wide variety of breathable
substances that produce mind-altering results
and effects. Examples of inhalants include
Toluene, plastic cement, paint, gasoline, paint
thinners, hair sprays, and various anesthetic
gases.
7) Cannabis
Cannabis is the scientific name for marijuana.
The active ingredient in cannabis is delta-9
tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. This category
includes cannabinoids and synthetics like
Dronabinol.
Cause of Addiction
1) Peer Pressure
Peer pressure to use alcohol and drugs can
contribute to substance use disorders,
potentially leading to addiction. Peer pressure
can be both positive and negative, as in some
cases, people may put pressure on others not to
use recreational drugs and alcohol.Peer pressure
is also highly complex, as it is not always direct. It
can sometimes manifest as indirect pressure,
such as when a person perceives that many or
even all of their peers use drugs.
2) Physical & Sexual Abuse
Physical or sexual abuse to a person may lead
to trauma and that continues to grow or haunts
them leading to degradation of mental health ,
to recover from that trauma adolescents start
taking drugs to relieve it temporarily and often
start using it continuously converting it to an
addiction.
3) Early Exposure to Drugs
Early exposure to drugs refers to the act of
crime where a child is introduced to drugs at a
very small age as the younger one’s are
unaware about ill effects or after effects they
take drugs but then leading it convert into a
strong need of drugs or addiction to it
sometimes people also forcefully or intentionally
drug adolescents to keep them inactive to
perform heinous crimes
4) Stress
Most people get stress from time to time, but
they are able to manage it effectively. It may leave
them feeling upset or frustrated, but it will pass.
Nevertheless, some individuals live with stress
constantly, which can have an adverse impact on
their lives. Chronic stress causes certain chemicals
to be released by the brain, and this can affect the
immune system. Those who are dealing with
chronic stress are likely to develop physical and
mental health issues because they are run-down,
and their immune systems are not working
effectively.Chronic stress can cause depression and
fatigue, and some will turn to drugs or alcohol to
make themselves feel better.
5) Parent Guidance
Abandoned or neglected children grow into
adolescents and young adults with feelings of
rejection. Such feelings could influence them to
engage in drug and alcohol abuse as a way of
coping, which would predispose them to other
mental health issues Additionally, child neglect
predisposes individuals in early adulthood and
adulthood to personality disorders which make
it more difficult to help such an individual. In
another study, it was noted that children who
grow up in a home where the biological parents
are not present, especially their father, are at a
greater risk of abusing alcohol and other drugs
Some People Who Got Addiction
1) Robert Downey Jr.
Robert John Downey Jr. Was born on April 4,
1965, in Manhattan, New York City, the younger
of two children. His father, Robert Downey Jr.,
was a filmmaker, while his mother, Elsie Ann
(née Ford), was an actress who appeared in
Downey Sr.’s films. Downey’s father was Jewish,
while Downey’s mother had Scottish, German,
and Swiss ancestry. Downey moved often,
mainly due to his father’s film projects, living in
places such as Woodstock, New York, London,
New Mexico, California, Connecticut, and
Greenwich Village. The family experienced both
periods of near-poverty and wealth, depending
on the success of the films. As a child, Downey
was “surrounded by drugs. His father was a drug
addict, and his mother was an alcoholic. His
father allowed him to use drugs at a young age;
he said that he gave Downey marijuana for the
first time at age six and also gave Downey
cocaine as a child. His father later said that he
regret it.
2) Sanjay Dutt
Sanjay Balraj Dutt (born 29 July 1959) is an
Indian actor, playback singer and film producer
who works in Hindi cinema in addition to a few
Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Punjabi films. One of
the most popular and recognised actors of Hindi
cinema, in a career spanning over four decades,
Dutt has won several accolades and acted in
over 135 films. Sanjay Dutt got addicted to
drugs because of one of his friends in the young
age of 19 then it became his one of his need of
life and Sanjay Dutt started getting addicted to it
. He used to take heroin , cannabis , cocaine
and later was sent for recovery his addiction got
out of control and left the recovery spot and
again starting taking drugs but later on he finally
got aware and improved himself and freed
himself of drugs.
These both were the examples of parent
guidance and peer pressure respectively
Consequences of Taking Drugs
Drugs can have several consequences including
mental , physical , social , spiritual consequences
1) Physical Consequences
The physical consequences of addiction are
perhaps the most obvious to the individual. Scrapes,
bruises, track marks, lip burns, skin abscesses, diseases
(like HIV or Hepatitis C), increased tolerance, physical
dependence, and withdrawal symptoms are all
physical consequences. Physical and sexual abuse
can also be consequences of addiction.
2) Mental Consequences
Some of the common mental consequences are
depression, anxiety, mood swings, and psychosis.
While psychosis is usually a direct result of drug use,
depression, anxiety and mood swings can be both a
direct and indirect result and can persist even after
drug use has stopped. When a person suffers from
addiction and also has a mental health disorder,
whether it began before or after substance use, this is
called a dual diagnosis. Dual diagnosis treatment is
most effective in these cases.
3) Social Consequences
The social consequences of addiction are usually
the most talked about. Dropping out of school, job
loss, hospitalizations, legal problems (DUI, possession
charges, etc.), jail time, troubled relationships, and
being the perpetrator or victim of any kind of abuse–
all of these are social consequences of drug
addiction. Sometimes, a person who is addicted does
not seem to face any of these problems. They may
hold down a job, get a degree, and maintain
relationships. This makes it harder to detect addiction
and fosters denial. But addiction is a progressive
disease, and eventually, even someone in a functional
addiction will experience social problems if they do
not get help for their addiction.
4) Spiritual Consequences
The spiritual consequences of addiction happen to
anyone, whether they are religious, agnostic, or
atheist. These types of consequences include feeling
hopeless, lonely, scared, guilty, ashamed, dishonest,
perpetually unhappy, and restless for no apparent
reason. As with the mental consequences, spiritual
disconnection can become more apparent after drug
use has stopped.
Cure and Medication
For someone in the early stages of a difference
use problem, a conversation with a doctor or
another professional may be enough to get
them the help they need. Doctors can help the
person think about their drug use, understand
the risk for addiction, and come up with a plan
for change.
Addiction can be treated in further ways:-
Consultancy – You can consult a specialist to
follow some major steps to recover from
addiction.
Therapy – People should visit doctor and
regular therapy sessions to recover from
addiction.
Treatment – Treatment can be done by
several medication (pills, different drugs to cure)
to cure patients.
People can recover from
drug addiction it is a time
taking process but you get
your normal life back and
help take control on your
will
Bibliography
www.google.com
www.wikepedia.com
Class 12th NCERT
www.betterhealth.com
