INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT OF
BIOLOGY
2024-25
TOPIC - DRUG ADDICTION
GUIDED BY- MR. RAJARAM MEENA
SUBMITTED BY- RACHNA REGAR
CLASS -12 ’A’
TH

ROLL NO.-
SCHOOL-J.N.V. HURDA, BHILwARA
 INTRODUCTION
Addiction is one of the biggest diseases of
the world. More than million’s of the
individuals are struggling against addiction.
It takes away the HAPPINESS of the
people by avoiding them to get what they
want and many of the people were also
not able to get correct decision .according
to the recent studies it has been found
that adolescent are more vulnerable to
addiction. Addiction is that type of
diseases whose rehabilitation is very
difficult. As we know PREVENTION IS
BETTER THAN CURE so we can prevent
our self from getting addicted by not living
under peer pressure.
 ACkNOwLEDGEMENT
This is to acknowledge that this investigatory
project would not have been successful
without the help of the source that are
mention below. It was a great opportunity
making this investigatory project so at the
onset a very great thanks to our respected
subject teacher Mr. raja ram meena without
his guidance this investigatory project would
not have been possible. Lastly I would like to
thank our parent who really helped us in each
and every movement, friends and everyone
who is directly or indirectly associated with
the completion of this investigatory project of
biology.
 INDEx
 Introduction
 What is drug addiction?
 Types of drug abuse
 Cause of addiction
 Effects of addiction
 Diagnosis of addiction
 Treatment of addiction
 Conclusion
wHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?
Addiction is habitual, the psychological
dependence on a substance or practice which
is beyond voluntary control. A person is
habituated to a substance or a practice,
especially a harmful one, is called an addict
addiction is a chronic progressive and
sometimes fatal disorders with both genetic
and environmental roots. It manifests as a
compulsion that derives an individual to
continue to behave in a way that is harmful to
self and loved ones, despite an intense desire
to halt that behavior. It is a disease of
“more”-an active addict needs an increasing
amount of substance to get high and is unable
to cease usage without painful withdrawal
symptoms.
This is true whether the addictive substance is
a drug or tobacco or alcohol or a behavior.
Medically, addiction is of three types: Tobacco
Addiction, Alcohol Addiction, and Drug
Addiction.
TYPES OF DRUG
ABUSE
 Heroin
 Cocaine
 Crack
 Hallucinogens
 Cannabinoid
 Alcohol
Heroin
 As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to
seizures, psychosis, and hallucinations when
it is abused.
 Heroin injection can also spread diseases
such as human immune deficiency virus.
 This drug is known to cause serious issue
when it is abused because it interferes with
the brain receptors.
 Ones heroins enters the brain, it is
converted to morphine and binds rapidly to
opioid receptors.
 With heroin, the rush is usually
accompanied by a worm by a warm flushing
of the skin, and a heavy feeling in the
extremities.
 Opioids can depress breathing by changing
neurochemical activity in the brain stem,
where automatic body functions are
controlled.
Cocaine
 Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant and
when taken in small amounts. It induces
euphoria, increases blood pressure and
accelerates the heart rate.
 The drug may lead to fatal strokes or
heart attack for some users.
 Cocaine, also known as coke is a strong
stimulant most frequently used as a
recreational drug.
 Cocaine has a small number of accepted
medical uses such as numbing and
decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery.
 It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke,
and dissolved and injected into a vein.
Crack
A potent form of cocaine, crack is often
smoked and suddenly creates a intense
euphoric sensation for a short while.
Crack has turned into a problem because
it is cheap and easy to buy and use.
Abusing the substance, however can lead
to immediate addiction.
Abusers are also at risk of suffering heart
attack and strokes with every use. Long
term use can cause liver, kidney and lung
damage.
The short term physiological effects of
cocaine include constricted blood vessels,
dilated pupils, and increased temperature ,
heart rate and blood pressure.
Hallucinogens
 Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that
cause profound distortions in a person’s
perception of reality, otherwise known as
hallucinations.
 PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic
acid diethylamide) are hallucinogens,
which means that they make users feel,
see, and hear things that are not real.
 While they experience hallucinations
with these drugs, users lose touch with
reality and enter mental states of
disconnection.
 Atropa belladona and datura also
contain hallucinogenic properties.
Cannabinoids
 Cannabinoid is the most common
illegal drug that is abused, and many
people begin using it as a recreational
drug in social situations.
 Continued abuse of marijuana can lead
to addiction, and the substance can affect
the physical coordination, memory, and
mental functions of users over’s times.
 In humans, psychoactive cannabinoids
produce euphoria, enhancement of
sensory perception tachycardia,
antinociception, difficulties in
concentration and impairment of
memory. The cognitive deficiencies seem
to persist after withdrawal.
 Although these are studies that show
potential potentials from cannabinoids
there are many side effects from taking
the drug.
Alcohols
 Abusing alcohol can cause
psychological, physical, and social
problems, and it can lead to the
destruction of relationships, friendship,
and marriages.
 Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead
to injury or death to the people around
them while they are under the influence.
 Alcohols withdrawal can be fatal
because of delirium tremens, which is a
symptom with the potential to trigger
heart failure or stroke. Refraining from
drinking also is not easy when it becomes
a habit because of mental and physical
issues.
 The liver is organ which helps
breakdown and remove harmful substance
from your body including alcohols.
CAUSES OF ADDICTION
Drug use is often voluntary in the first
instance. The development of a full
addiction occurs through a variety of
circumstances.
However, the brain changes during a
substance-related disorder in ways that
can take a long time to bring back to a
healthy state. A person whose brain
reward circuitry has not altered as a
result of addiction experiences positive
feelings in relation to generally rewarding
behaviors such as exercising, being with
family or consuming delicious food. These
should all make a person feel good.
Causes of addiction are:-peer pressure,
stress and depression, lack of education,
religious rituals.
 EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
 Fatigue –the patient is tired most of the
time.
 Memory loss- especially the short term
memory.
 Eye muscles- the eye muscles can become
significantly weaker.
 Liver diseases- the patient has a
considerably higher chance of developing
hepatitis and cirrhosis. cirrhosis of the
liver is an irreversible and progressive
condition
 Heart problem- regular heaving drinking
can lead to cardiomyopathy (damaged
heart muscle), heart failure, and stroke.
 Menstruation- alcoholism will usually stop
menstruation or disrupt it.
 Cancer- alcoholics have a much higher
risks of developing cancers like mouth,
liver, colon, rectum, breast, heart.
EFFECTS ON BRAIN
Drugs interfere with the way neurons send,
receive, and process signals via neurotransmitters.
Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can
activate neurons because their chemical structure
mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter in the
body. This allows the drugs to attach onto and
activate the neurons. Although these drugs mimic
the brain's own chemicals, they don't activate
neurons in the same way as a natural
neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal
messages being sent through the network. Other
drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause
the neurons to release abnormally large amounts
of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the
normal recycling of these brain chemicals
by interfering with transporters.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
“Prevention is better than cure” is also true here.
Tobacco, drug/alcohol abuses are more during
young age and adolescence. The remedial
measure should be taken in time. The following
measures would be particularly useful for
prevention and control of alcohol and addiction
during adolescents.

1. Avoid undue Peer pressure.

2. Education and counseling.
3. Seeking help from parents and peer
4. Looking for Danger Signs.
5. Seeking Professional and Medical helps.
DIAGNOSIS OF ADDICTION
Blood test or imaging scan can determine
whether somebody is addicted to drug or alcohol
or smoking, and to what degree.
Blood test -this may be ordered to
determine whether the substance is still in the
blood (whether the substance has been taken
recently). It is not used to diagnose addiction. A
GP (general practitioner, primary care physician)
can the patient determine their degree of
dependence by asking pertinent questions, or
using a specific questionnaire.
Although there's no cure for drug addiction,
treatment options explained below can help you
overcome an addiction and stay drug-free. Your
treatment depends on the drug used and any
related medical or mental health disorders you
may have. Long-term follow-up is important
to prevent relapse.
TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
 Do-it-yourself- experts say about 30%
of people with an alcohol problem manage
to reduce their drinking or abstain without
seeking professional help. There is a great
deal of material in books and the internet that
may help the self-helper.
 Counseling- a qualified counselor can
help the alcoholic talk through his/her
problems and then devise a plan to tackle
the drinking. CBT (cognitive behavioral
therapy) is commonly used to treat alcohol
dependency.
 Detoxification- the patient takes some
medication to prevent withdrawal
symptoms (delirium tremens) which many
alcoholics experience when they give up
drinking.
 CONCLUSION
 Drug use and addiction cause a lot of
disease and disability in the world.
 Recent advances in neuroscience may
help improve policies to reduce the harm that
the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other
psychoactive drugs act on society.
 This report is concerned with the
implications of drug use for workplace safety
and productivity. It examines the prevalence
of alcohol and other drug use by the U.S.
workforce, the impact of such use on job-
related behavior, and the effectiveness of
work place drug intervention programs.
 This emphasis on workplace productivity
rather than social consequence affects the
purpose, methods, and evaluation criteria
used in this report, just as it often affects
researchers investigating these issues.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that RACHNA REGAR,
student of class 12TH “SCIENCE” of school
JAwAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
HURDA BHILwARA has successfully
completed the biology investigatory project
on the selected topic “A case study on
ADDICTION: DRUG ABUSE” assigned by the
biology subject teacher (Mr. rajaram meena
sir) as a part of the (practical section) class
XII Annual Exam for the year 2024-25.

Signature of biology teacher signature of external examiner

(Mr. Rajaram Meena)

Signature of principal
(Mr. Mohan Meghwal)
THANk YOU