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Digital tools in education

Article in International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches · May 2023
DOI: 10.59287/ijanser.717

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 Uluslararası İleri Doğa International Journal of Advanced
Bilimleri ve Mühendislik Natural Sciences and Engineering
Araştırmaları Dergisi Researches
Sayı 7, S. 289-294, 4, 2023 Volume 7, pp. 289-294, 4, 2023
© Telif hakkı IJANSER’e aittir Copyright © 2023 IJANSER
Araştırma Makalesi https://as-proceeding.com/index.php/ijanser
Research Article
ISSN: 2980-0811

Digital tools in education

Daniel Dancsa*, Iveta Štempeľová 2, Ondrej Takáč3 and Norbert Annuš4
1
Department of Biology, J. Selye University, Slovakia
2
University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Slovakia; Masaryk University, Czech Republic
3
Department of Informatics, J. Selye University, Slovakia
4
Department of Informatics, J. Selye University, Slovakia
*
(dancsad@ujs.sk) Email of the corresponding author

(Received: 21 April 2023, Accepted: 20 May 2023)

(DOI: 10.59287/ijanser.717)

(1st International Conference on Recent Academic Studies ICRAS 2023, May 2-4, 2023)

ATIF/REFERENCE: Dancsa, D., Štempeľová, I., Takáč, O. & Annuš, N. (2023). Digital tools in education. International
Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 7(4), 289-294.

Abstract – Over the past decades, the demands placed on education systems have changed. Workers in the
labour market need certain competences such as technical, methodological, social and personal
competences. The aim of education today is to create a new educational paradigm that prepares the
workforce of the future for the new challenges. This change is accompanied by the introduction of new
didactic concepts such as blended learning, which combines the advantages of face-to-face and online
learning with the use of digital teaching tools that can help develop the desired competences. The pandemic
has led to a huge and rapid increase in the use of digital tools in education, which has necessitated the
development of guidelines for their use. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present the digital tools that
have been introduced into education and that require the development of digital competences by students
and teachers, thus enabling teachers and managers of educational institutions to take advantage of the use
of digital tools in the post-pandemic renewed situation.

Keywords – Digital Technology, Student, Education, Learning

I. INTRODUCTION and techniques to make the education process

innovative and teaching and learning more
Today, online technology is a relevant activity and interesting.
there has been a significant shift towards digital Traditional classroom teaching does not provide an
scientific research. Researchers are encouraged to immediate learning environment, faster assessment
use digital research tools. As a result, these new and greater engagement. In contrast, digital learning
tools to exploit ICT for educational purposes are a tools and technology fill this gap. Some of the
welcome concept that can help to solve some of the efficiencies that such technologies offer are simply
problems associated with the in-depth literature unsurpassed by traditional learning methods. With
review. Technology permeates everyday life, smartphones and other wireless technology devices
including the process of education. Thanks to the becoming increasingly popular among the general
development of technology, we now have the tools
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public, it makes sense that schools and educational prepared to deal with the crisis. However,
institutions are making effective use of them by developing countries have worked hard to meet this
bringing technology into the classroom. Indeed, the requirement. Digital technologies emerged as the
adaptability and non-intrusive nature of today's saviour of education at this critical time [6].
technology is making learning more attractive to the The use of computers and other devices
next generation. together with digital tools allows students to play a
Leaders have recognised that digital transformation more productive role and be at the centre of the
is necessary for the effectiveness of vital learning process. The teacher plays a leading role in
information and services. A global pandemic is this process and can validate learning effectiveness.
transforming society, showing that agility with With the myriad of digital resources available,
digital technologies is beneficial. Education leaders learners can download the information they need or
and policy makers are under pressure to adopt a upload their content.
systematic approach to the transformation enabled The web allows learners to generate content,
by digital innovation. As a result, a wide range of collaborate with others, evaluate each other's work
educationally-oriented digital materials and and move towards co-learning. Technology is
activities are becoming available, dramatically making education more inspiring and meaningful
changing the way education is delivered. Educators [16, 15].
who use digital tools, social media, websites and The qualities and skills learners acquire are
applications in their work can increase the essential for their professional success. Educational
popularity and prestige of the subject they teach. resources and digital tools help improve the
Programmes, websites, extensions, plug-ins and classroom atmosphere and make the teaching-
apps are just a few examples of online digital tools learning process more engaging. They also provide
that make it easier to do the job. These can be all educational institutions with greater flexibility
viewed in online browsers and some can be and the ability to tailor curricula to the needs of
downloaded. individual learners [11].
Education for the 21st century aims to create
an educational paradigm that prepares tomorrow's
II. THE EMERGENCE OF DIGITAL workforce for the challenges of tomorrow. This
TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION includes technical, methodological, social and
personal competences. To ensure that future
employees emerging from the education process are
Online digital tools are software, able to use new digital tools and constantly update
applications, technologies, plug-ins, add-ons or their knowledge as technology evolves rapidly.
websites that are accessible via an internet Given the increasing complexity of systems, they
connection and enhance learners' ability to conduct need analytical skills to identify problems and make
a thorough literature review and to master the appropriate decisions [10, 5].
knowledge they need to learn. Online digital tools
help learners to learn more effectively, become more This section provides an overview of the
aware of language errors and collaborate with their different digital tools that learners have equal rights
peers. The COVID-19 epidemic has made online to use [4].
digital tools popular and useful in the educational
process [3]. • Learning management systems are tools that
The globalisation of education has made the support the management of educational courses.
use of digital technologies a necessity. Online They are also known as virtual learning
platforms were available for teaching lessons, environments. Most notably, they are known as the
sharing resources, assessment and managing the primary tools for distance learning. They can also be
day-to-day activities of academic institutions. But used as a teaching tool to supplement traditional
the use of these platforms was proactive. The face-to-face teaching. A learning management
COVID-19 epidemic forced institutions to adopt the system allows teachers to provide digital learning
online mode of teaching in order to maintain the content that students can access at any time via the
educational system. Developed countries are well Internet. This allows students to return to the
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learning material in case of difficulties. For learners and generate automated reports to assess individual
who can easily cope with the workload, it provides or group performance [5].
more in-depth information about the course • Data exchange and cloud systems ensure the
material. Tutors usually have dashboards to monitor secure exchange of all kinds of data. In cloud
progress and get an overview of the progress of all systems, data is not stored locally on a hard drive,
learners. Some systems also offer the possibility to but in logical pools in the so-called cloud. This
create courses for external people, so-called mass storage space is distributed over several servers,
open online courses. These are designed to make which may be in different physical locations at the
learning content and knowledge available to the same time. The content can be accessed from
general public. Mass means accessible to a large anywhere at any time by anyone with the
number of people, while open means free and public appropriate end devices and can be modified or
access to online courses. This learning content is deleted at any time. To avoid data loss and to
available on the platform in different forms, such as guarantee higher reliability, so-called RAID systems
recorded learning videos, problem sets and public ("redundant array of independent disks") are used.
forums. These forums aim to encourage Another advantage of cloud systems is that data
collaboration and communication where people can storage is outsourced. Depending on changing
support each other's learning process. An example needs, it is possible to own more storage or to switch
of such a learning platform is EdX, where more than to a smaller storage package. In addition to the
160 member universities offer a wide variety of possibility of storing data on these cloud servers, full
learning content from a wide variety of disciplines virtual machines can also be used [9, 14].
and a wide variety of curricula [5]. • Document collaboration tools allow several
• Video conferencing tools allow participants who people to work on the same or different documents
are geographically distant from each other to at the same time. The goal is to produce a final
connect and communicate via the internet. The version of a document or file together. This makes it
equipment records audio and video of users, which easier to involve all the people involved in the
the software encrypts and transmits to the project or work and shortens decision-making time,
participants over the Internet. Over time, however, as everyone is usually present. All participants can
the range of functions of these systems has expanded see in real time the changes made by others. It is
dramatically: in addition to pure video calls, it is also possible to comment on parts of the document to
possible to communicate with each other via text draw peers' attention to a particular problem. This
messages or traditional voice calls. Other popular simultaneous collaboration should allow for the
features of videoconferencing tools include screen efficient creation of high quality work and thus
sharing, which is useful for presenting content such increase productivity [12].
as presentations, remote control of the other person's • Game-based learning tools harness the popularity
computer, data storage and exchange, a calendar of video games to make learning interactive and
application for scheduling and managing motivating for 21st century learners. Learning
videoconferences [2]. content is combined with game elements to achieve
• Digital exam assessment tools help you create and a didactic effect. This should both motivate the
assess digital exams. These can take several forms, learner to learn and increase interest in the subject.
including multiple-choice tests and problem solving The idea of game-based learning is that learners
in the form of games and simulations. They can be learn new things through repetition, failure and goal
assessed in a very short time, in many cases achievement. This is the principle behind most video
completely independently, and thus provide the games. The player starts with little knowledge and
learner with immediate feedback on the outcome of skills, then as the game progresses, he gains more
the exam. To create an environment that minimises experience and is able to handle difficult situations.
cheating, such programmes sometimes have security Game-based learning is expected, especially in
features such as disabling the internet browser or interdisciplinary subjects, where multiple skills such
recording examiners over the internet. A webcam as critical thinking, communication, decision-
allows participants to see each other's activities. The making need to be applied simultaneously by the
teacher can access the student's grades at any time learner [8].

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• The digital library and database tools are used also used to record absences and tardiness of
to store electronic media centrally on a data server. students. Traceability is guaranteed. [18].
The stored resources are accessible at any time via
the Internet or, in special cases, via the
organisation's intranet. These databases may include
e-books, digitised books, electronic journals, audio
files and films. Access can be obtained by reading
the whole work or only part of it. In addition, the
system can be set up so that the user can only use the
files online or download them to his or her device.
The best known electronic databases and libraries
that can be accessed are Project Gutenberg and
Google Books. In addition to digital libraries, which
are electronic storage media, there are also virtual
libraries. These are characterised by the fact that Fig. 1 Categories of digital research tools [5].
they act as an intermediary for the electronic media
offered on their web repository [3]. III. VIRTUAL TEACHING AND WEBINARS
• Virtual and remote laboratory tools allow
experiments to be carried out remotely. Virtual The COVID epidemic has seen a significant
laboratories are the translation of real-world increase in the use of video conferencing tools,
experiments into the virtual world. In this virtual including Zoom and Microsoft Teams. These have
world, experiments can be carried out and a enabled large local visits, presentations and small
computer simulation calculates the result of the group training. To optimise learning in virtual
experiment. This means that experiments can be teaching, it is essential to incorporate the basic
carried out at any time without the need for the concepts outlined earlier. Learners reported
person carrying out the experiment to be present in increased fatigue and anxiety from overuse of these
the laboratory. The virtual laboratory also offers a platforms, known as Zoom fatigue. Recent findings
safe environment in which dangerous experiments in neuroscience explain the cognitive processes that
can be carried out that would be too dangerous to cause these changes. Virtual learning can create a
perform in real life. In addition, no resources other sense of dislocation, which has a direct impact on
than the electricity needed to run the computer are episodic memory and personal and professional
needed to carry out the experiments [13, 7]. identity. The lack of eye contact and non-verbal cues
• Digital whiteboard devices allow you to transfer has been shown to reduce group engagement and
the familiar whiteboard used in class into the digital performance. these effects can be mitigated by
world. On the one hand, a distinction needs to be building a strong sense of community within the
made between the devices used in e.g. video learning group and by incorporating strategies that
conferencing software and the physical digital promote voice exchange and visual attention [17].
whiteboard/chalkboard used in the classroom. With
the first category of devices, people can write notes IV. YOUTUBE AND LEARNING
on a virtual whiteboard. This can be done with CHANNELS
appropriate input devices such as a computer mouse
or pen and pen touch-sensitive display. To guarantee YouTube is an online video-sharing platform with
better collaboration, there are options to allow only more than a billion monthly users who collectively
one person to write to avoid confusion, or several watch more than 1 billion hours of video every day.
people to write at the same time to improve It is the second most visited site in the world after
collaboration. The user can also insert images and Google search. After a recent review of the
graphs to complement the content [5]. education literature, it can be concluded that there
• Digital notebooks are used by teachers to record are a number of educational YouTube videos. It is
activities in class and to store assignments and their regrettable that, despite the considerable potential of
grades. In the digital notebook, users can view their such material, few studies have evaluated YouTube
timetable. On the administrative side, the grade is videos as a learning resource for education.

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Although the existing literature is sparse, it suggests competences and skills can develop appropriately.
that these videos result in high levels of learner The use of digital tools in pedagogy provides a
satisfaction, confidence and knowledge. With the pathway for students to understand the nature of
increasing uptake of YouTube, studies related to the science.
educational process suggest that there is a need to
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