M.A.

Thesis in Systemic Design

Academic Year 2022/2023

ICSID Interdesign
Forty years of experimentation towards a more systemic
education and transformative action that better copes with
complexity.

Candidata:
Cecilia Tosi

Relatore:
Pier Paolo Peruccio
INDEX
Introduction 11 5 The ‘90s 160
5.1 A peaceful decade of union between East and West 160
1 Towards a systemic education 18 5.2 1990, Yugoslavia 164
5.3 1990, GDR 168
2 ICSID 24 5.4 1992, Finland 172
2.1 A driving force of international collaboration 24 5.5 1993, GDR 175
2.2 Programmes 30 5.6 1993, Brasil 178
2.3 UoBDA Archives 35 5.7 1994, Sweden 181
5.8 1994, Colombia 188
3 The ‘70s 40 5.9 1995, Australia 192
3.1 A pivot of change in world history 40 5.10 1996, Latvia 197
3.2 1971, USSR 44 5.11 1996, Mexico 202
3.3 1972, Ireland 50 5.12 1999, Australia, Mexico, South Africa 205
3.4 1974, Canada 55 5.13 1999, South Korea 209
3.5 1974, Ireland 62
3.6 1975, Austria 64 6 The new millennium 218
3.7 1975, Belgium 69 6.1 Towards the fourth industrial revolution 218
3.8 1976, Hong Kong 74 6.2 2003, Chile 222
3.9 1976, Northern Ireland 77 6.3 2003, Mexico 225
3.10 1977, USSR 82 6.4 2005, South Africa 228
3.11 1978, Mexico 87 6.5 2006, Argentina 231
3.12 1979, Norway 91 6.6 2007, Canada 233
3.13 1979, Hungary 94 6.7 2009, Mexico 236
3.14 1979, Austria 97 6.8 2009, Sweden 239
3.15 1979, GDR 100 6.8 2014, India 243
3.16 Projects conceived but never realized 104
Conclusion 250
4 The ‘80s 116
4.1 A decade of changes 116 Bibliography 257
4.2 1980, USSR 120
4.3 1981, Hungary 125 Sitography 260
4.4 1982, Finland 128
4.5 1982, Netherland 132
4.6 1984, Sweden 136
4.7 1985, Belgium 139
4.8 1986, France 143
4.9 1988, Hungary 146
4.10 1989, Norway 150
4.11 1989, Japan 153

4 5
 ACRONYMS
ABDI - Agência Brasileira de Desenvolvimento Industrial
ACID - Association of Canadian Industrial Designers
ADDIT - Association for Design Development in Tasmania
AIF - Amt für Industrielle Formgestaltung
APCI - Agence pour la promotion de la création industrielle
ASID - American Society of Industrial Designers
BNO - Beroepsorganisatie Nederlandse Ontwerpers
CAD - Computer-Aided Design
CIDA - China Industrial Designers Association
CODIGRAM - Colegio de Disenadores Industriales y Graficos de
Mexico
CWOIH - Council of World Organizations Interested in the
Handicapped
DSM - Dutch State Mines
EGADE - Escuela de Graduados en Administración y Dirección de
Empresas
ENSCI - Ecole nationale supérieure de creation industrielle
EU - European Union
FETS - Far East Trade Services
GDR - German Democratic Republic
HDC - Hungarian Design Council
HEC - Hydroelectric Commission
IAA - International Association of Art
ICSID - International Council of Societies of Industrial Design
ICOGRADA - International Council of Graphic Design Associations
ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and Sites
ID - Norwegian Group of Industrial Designers
IDA - Industrial Designers Society of America
IDEA - Industrial Designers Education Association
IDI - Industrial Designers Institute
IDSA - Industrial Designers Society of America
IFI - International Federation of Interior Designers
IFLA - International Federation of Landscape Architects
IIFAEM - Instituto de Investigación y Fomento de las Artesanías
ISOCARP - International Society of City and Regional Planners

6 7
ITESM - Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superioes de Monterrey
JIDA - Japan Industrial Design Association
JIDPO - Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization
KAID - Korea Association of Industrial Designers
KIDP - Korea Institute of Industrial design Promotion is
KIO - Kring Industrièle Ontwerpers
LBDI - Laboratorio Brasileño de Diseño Industrial
LKAB - Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag
NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NCID - Norwegian Council of Industrial Design
NEA - National Endowment for the Arts
NEPAD - New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NGID - Norwegian Group of Industrial Designers
NID - National Institute of Design
OeIF - Österreichisches Institut für Formgebung
PAS - People and Systems
PHC - Primary Health Care
PNC - Política Nacional de Cultura
PZOG - Project group sensorial and organically handicapped
SABS - South African Bureau of Standards
SANS - South African National Standards
SID - Swedish Society of Industrial Designers
SMEs - Small and medium-sized enterprises
SVID - Swedish Industrial Design Foundation
UCCN - UNESCO Creative Cities Network
UIA - International Union of Architects
UIL - UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning
UITP - Union Internationale des Transports Publics
UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
UoBDA - University of Brighton Design Archives
USSR - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
VNIITE - All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Industrial Design
WCC - World Crafts Council
WDO - World Design Organization
WDS - Wheelchair docking system

8 9
Introduction Introduction

Introduction
This thesis has set out to lost in time. Three of these
investigate ICSID’s Interdesign took place in the German
programme throughout the Democratic Republic and
years, a new type of seminar aimed to design games
bringing together industrial and play areas for children.
designers from around the The other two took place in
world to address issues such the USSR and Norway and
as climate change, urban respectively dealt with design
transport and health care, for people with disabilities and
problems not only for the design aimed at improving
host country but also with businesses.
international importance. Interdesign was the
best opportunity for mid-
The fundamental research for career designers to
writing this thesis was done expand their knowledge,
in person at ICSID Archive, to forge relationships with
in the University of Brighton designers and other types of
Design Archives - UoBDA, professionals from different
UK. The Archive documents cultures and origins. To
the initiatives, ambitions and understand the peculiarities
influence of this International of this type of learning, the
Organization that since thesis starts from explaining
1957 has contributed to the the need for a paradigm shift
Representation of Industrial in education. The current
Design and Designers across linear cultural paradigm
Political Boundaries and creates a society that is not
Economic Disparities. The able to satisfy real needs
documents preserved here, and at the same time pay
about 50 linear meters, were attention to the well-being of
generated by the offices of the natural ecosystem. And
Essen and Montreal, and the environmental disasters of
transferred to Brighton in 2007. the last decades, the climate
The research has led to the changes, and the succession
rediscovery of five further of wars as they become more
Interdesign currently not disastrous are clear proof. To
listed on the official website; achieve the paradigm shift, a
Interdesign that had been collaborative transdisciplinary

10 11
Introduction Introduction

investigation of real-world To better understand the creating new jobs. Particular Challenges, a virtual chapter of
challenges is needed, and the historical setting of each attention was also given to Interdesigns. The first edition
use of systemic thinking as Interdesign, the thesis divides ergonomic studies to facilitate dealt with this very problem.
a holistic lens to understand them into chapters according the living conditions of the
the systemic and social to the decades, in an attempt disabled, and to new means The research also highlighted
relationships of the system, the to find a common thread of communication, to the the change of objectives,
general framework. that links the topic treated interaction between users and mentality and vision of an
to the evolutions in society interactive objects. association initially focused
And it is in this framework that and the natural and political exclusively on industrial
the Interdesign programme environment. The 90s is remembered as design, which with the
promoted by the International a decade of relative peace change in the social and
Council of Societies of The 70s has been revolutionary and prosperity. The rise of the environmental situation has
Industrial Design, now World years, characterized by internet pushed in a new era of opened its doors to include
Design Organization, fits. coups, civil wars, and great communication, business and professionals from every sector
Interdesign is a dynamic technological, social, and entertainment. Many countries in the collaboration to solve
aggregation of international scientific advances. During saw an economic boom and the greatest challenges of our
professionals that works this decade the topics varied a spreading globalization. planet through design-driven
together in a trans-disciplinary from the development of local During this decade a shift innovation.
transfer that synergizes industries to the design of in Interdesign’s focus from
with each other. Is a way services and systems for urban Europe to the Global South But already from the first
to implement and guide transport, tourism and health. happened. There was a great Interdesign in Minsk, Josine
transformative action, a way to All this with an eye to the most focus on the environment, Des Cressonnières, Secretary
better cope with complexity. disabled people, such as the sustainable design education General, suggested that we
The core value is linked to elderly, the handicapped and and the management of be less specific about what
the point that it allows many children. ICSID wanted to fundamental resources such designers should design, and
different perspectives on any demonstrate the usefulness of as water and forests. Particular expose the problems to be
project, departing from the industrial designers for solving attention was also given to solved rather than the possible
traditional teaching method challenges and for developing the theme of social inclusion, solutions. This would give
from teacher to student. The the economy of industries and accessibility and design for participants greater freedom
workshop mode allows the governments. children and people with of ideas and methodological
participants to directly explore disabilities. choices. This intention to
the scenario of the problem, The 80s saw the collapse of expose the problems instead
talking with stakeholders and traditional communism and the The new millennium has of the eventual solution,
the local population to come ending of the Cold War. Small brought many changes with it. the necessary product that
together to possible solutions. Computers becomes cheaper Technological and industrial needed to be designed,
From the first Interdesign in and spread around the world. changes, and a growing expanded the scope of the
Minsk (1971), which explored It was also an era of interpenetration between the workshops. Moreover, the
the production and distribution massive population growth, physical, digital and biological setting of projects of social
of bread, to the last one in and developing countries worlds pushed the world value has generated interesting
Mumbai (2014), which sought faced economic and social towards a fourth industrial results, adding utility to the
to address some of the social difficulties for multiple debt revolution. During this period, programme. The concept
and infrastructure challenges crises. This decade saw a the focus went back on urban of designers who educate
facing the growing city, ICSID concentration of Interdesign planning, transport system themselves and at the same
operated as a nexus of national towards the northeast, from and product design. The time produce useful work was a
and international associations, France to Japan. A total distribution of meeting locations valid alternative to the standard
showing how relationships of 10 Interdesigns were was much wider, covering academic seminar.
are the foundation of any organized with a focus on almost every continent. In But the founding motive of
project capable of having creating economic benefit. The 2014 the programme saw an the organization of these
global impacts. In the span of crisis had in fact led to high abrupt end. The outbreak of events was closely linked to
forty-three years ICSID, with unemployment rates, and the the Sars-CoV-19 epidemic, the association, and to the
the support of the member focus was on creating means which interrupted face-to-face known internationally. Through
organizations, has organized a to revive the economy of the meetings between people, fieldwork, ICSID wanted to
total of forty-four Interdesign in countries by exploiting the brought with it the introduction demonstrate the utility of
twenty-six countries. potential of the territory and of the World Design industrial designers in

12 13
Introduction Introduction

solving challenges and for the people who are very equal Interdesign 1976-77 India, With virtuality comes less
development of the economy in status but with conflicting “A New Generation of Urban field work, an instrument of
of industries and governments. ideas. All in all, Interdesign Hardware”. The budget cuts socialisation, a practice which
And by demonstrating how was a positive experience, due to the reorganization of gives a reality check to their
relevant industrial design was, especially from what emerged government ministers in Mexico theories and projects.
it promoted itself at the same from the questionnaires placed in 1977 marked the end of
time. at the end of each event. As Interdesign “The Business Learning, after all, takes
society evolved and problems of Craft Design”. Problems place at various levels, that is,
However, the excessive became increasingly complex, given by the 50% devaluation intellectually, emotionally and
focus on proving the role of the circle of invitations to the of Argentina in 1981 have practically. But this Interdesign
industrial designers from an program expanded to include influenced the organization of experience, which started as a
economical benefit point of different professions, with an Interdesign “Design for Rural way to provide post-graduate
view has often led to a focus on age range no longer limited Environment System”. The learning and deepening to
product design development, to mid-career designers. The same year UNIDO Project mid-career designers, has left
resulting in copyright issues. students, in particular the Committee decided not to a mark, and its imprint can
L. Lepoix considered the universities that sponsored the approve the funds for another be seen in every University
1971 Interdesign in Minsk an event, were invited to assist, Interdesign to be held in India course and Academic
occasion for the Russians help as interpreters and act as on a similar theme, “Design for Program designed with a
to make designers with a link with the local population. Agriculture”. multidisciplinary approach.
experience in important studies Interdesigns have thus passed An example is Politecnico
work for free, and not an from a meeting of international Another reason for the di Torino, which provides
opportunity to exchange ideas. professionals to one of inter - no longer palatability of lessons and workshops linking
At the Interdesign in Finland in and trans-disciplinary experts, Interdesign in the eyes of the innovation to a vision of the
1992, concern emerged about from a viewpoint of product/ WDO and member associations problems from a different
the implications of copyright for graphic design to a system may have been the introduction angle, with attention to the
the work being undertaken, as perspective. in 2020 of a valid alternative, humanistic components.
companies were invited to write The increasing involvement the World Design Challenges. Other examples can be found
briefs for the design work. Most of different disciplines has The two weeks of virtual in the ID program of Chicago,
of the participants assumed followed the increase in the workshops allow WDO to USA, OCAD University in
that as usual the copyright complexity of the problems bring together designers and Toronto, Canada, and the Oslo
of the concepts was owned faced, leading designers to be professionals from all over School of Architecture and
by the designer, protected no longer deus-ex-machina, the world at a much lower Design (AHO) program in Oslo,
by the copyright law of each but participants in a wider cost. This, however, can only Norway. But the list goes on,
country. But ICSID’s copyright collaborative project team create less felt relationships as new courses increasingly
guidelines were still vague. It comprising local citizens and between participants and a open to the interaction between
was then decided that if the stakeholders. But all this had less immersive experience in disciplines, and providing a
corporate member wished a cost, particularly high for the context of the challenge type of teaching that is not
to develop any of the results sponsors and organizers. and the community. They allow exclusively top-down, from
for commercial production, bringing together designers teacher to student, are being
negotiation with the group was These organizations had to and professionals from all over started in several universities
necessary. cover room and board for the world at a much lower cost. and schools around the world.
This aspect showed how the each participant, the cost of This, however, can only create To conclude, and to show how
pride and ego of designers, transportation, food and the less felt relationships between much a program of this type
who wanted to use the share of distinguished guests participants and a less can range across fields and
opportunity of Interdesign invited to attend. This could immersive experience in the disciplines that are distant from
to get noticed, sometimes be one of the main reasons context of the challenge and each other, there is a scheme
exceeded the social utility of why since 2014 the WDO has the community. Participants that connects the main topics
working together for a common not carried out the Interdesign stand behind a screen, as covered in just over forty years
purpose. Already from the program. Surely the lack of well as stakeholders and of Interdesign.
first Interdesign in Minsk, financial support prevented the guests. This gap that unites
there have been problems realization of four Interdesign. personalities from all over the
and disagreements, mainly The cancellation of funds by world ends up repainting them
due to the encounter of strong the Mayhill Homes Corporation and hindering their immersion
personalities and the ego of stopped preparations for the in the co-design experience.

14 15
 Towards a
systemic education 1
Towards a systemic education Towards a systemic education

Education should be one of establish connections between 2. «To begin with, a discipline
the main tools of people’s different fields of study. can be conveniently defined as
any comparatively self-contained
freedom: educated people Interdisciplinarity as a concept and isolated domain of human
are free to think, understand, has very ancient origins in experience which possesses
reflect and finally express their Greek philosophy, but it starts its own community of experts.
opinion on what is happening to emerge only in the 1960s, Interdisciplinarity is best seen
as bringing together distinctive
around them, in the context based on two crucial insights: components of two or more
in which they fit. But this kind 1. The increasing complexity disciplines.»
of education should not be of social and natural Nissani, M. (1997). “Ten cheers
confused with a basic learning phenomena, and the for interdisciplinarity: The Case for
Interdisciplinary Knowledge and
of technical concepts, of challenges arising from Research”. Social Science Journal.
utility but that does not help to them, require new ways of 34 (2): 201–216. doi:10.1016/
develop a critical and holistic producing knowledge;

Towards a systemic point of view.

The linear cultural paradigm
creates a society that is not
able to satisfy real needs
2. The over-specialization
of traditional academic
disciplines has contributed
to a split between
S0362-3319(97)90051-3

3. Angelucci, D., Lamonica A.G.

(2018) “Is Interdisciplinarity in
the eyes of beholder? A map of
Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary,
and at the same time pay academia and the real and Transdisciplinary Training

education attention to the well-being of

the natural ecosystem. And
the environmental disasters of
the last decades, the climate
world, leading to social
irrelevance.
Interdisciplinary research
understood as a philosophy
Programs”. Università di Siena

4. Apostel L et al. (1972).

Interdisciplinarity: Problems of
Teaching and Research in
Universities. Centre for Educational
changes, and the succession of knowledge does not lead to Research and Innovation, Paris:
of wars as they become more specific epistemic contents or Organization for Economic
disastrous are clear proof. methodologies.3 Cooperation and Development.
The current situation requires In 1970 research 4 presented
5. OECD - The Organization for
new tools to understand the at a conference organized Economic Co-operation and
increasingly complex context by the OECD 5 put forward a Development is an international
in which we find ourselves, first attempt at systematising economic studies organization
and to decide how to intervene the many variants of meaning for solving common problems,
identifying business practices,
in the future. it is necessary attributed to the concept of and coordinating local and
to change the perspective interdisciplinarity. international policies of member
1. Dominici, Laura & Peruccio, Pier. Nowadays culture is seen consists of a teacher giving from which we look at things, The authors of the research countries. It was founded in
(2016). Systemic Education and the systems of values that distinguish three forms 1948 as OEEC - Organization for
as a product of industrial lectures to a group of students, European Economic Cooperation,
Awareness: the role of project-
based-learning in the systemic society. Since the Second who at the end of the course guide our actions. A linear to of interdisciplinarity: to make the most of US aid from
view.:. 10.4995/IFDP.2016.3712. World War, technological must pass standardized systemic paradigm change is multidisciplinarity, the Marshall Plan, and following a
progress has been steadily exams, and move to the next required. interdisciplinarity and review of the European integration
transdisciplinarity. process it became OECD in 1960.
increasing and is also driving grade level.
economic, industrial and socio- Like other aspects of human A paradigm shift involves a Multidisciplinarity is
cultural progress. Education life, the educational system necessary reorganization characterized by a low
has become just another is designed using a linear, of the educational system, level of interaction and
instrument of competitiveness ontological approach, which adopts instead of the disciplinary integration;
that distinguishes one nation according to a hierarchical quantitative approach, based Interdisciplinarity by an
from another, a good that can structure from professor to on learning a large number of intermediate level of interaction
enrich governments in a real student, who must learn a concepts, qualitative learning and disciplinary integration;
education market. large list of information within a that suggests different ways and transdisciplinarity by the
Schools and universities predetermined time. However, to interconnect theoretical highest level of interaction and
have become “knowledge relationships in learning concepts from different disciplinary integration.
factories”1, an overloaded cannot be limited to a one- disciplines and apply them to
system in which productivity way channel from teacher real life. The interdisciplinary The interaction and integration
and quantity are the basis. to student. Relationships methodology2 is very important between different fields,
In the sociocultural and create the network in which for systemic learning: to professions, cultures and
ideological vision rooted in our communication and the sharing develop a holistic and resilient preconceptions are what is
mind, the educational process of notions are transmitted. vision it is necessary to needed to see the full picture

18 19
Towards a systemic education Towards a systemic education

6. Gestalt psychology is a school of of economic, environmental, and cognitive science provided

thought, originating in the work of political and social the general theory of systems
Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), Kurt
Koffka (1886–1941), and Wolfgang problems that are becoming with additional development
Köhler (1887-1967) in the early progressively more urgent. We opportunities transforming
twentieth century in Austria and live in a world characterized by Bertalanffy’s theory in a viable
Germany. Gestalt psychology looks ever-increasing complexity. way of finding solutions to
at the human mind and behaviour
as a whole. It suggests not simply Methods of systemic thinking particularly chaotic problems.
focusing on every small component can be used by students to see
as our minds tend to perceive the structures that underpin Systemic design, the field that I
objects as elements of more these complex situations, to have learned in these two years
complex systems. This core belief
is holism, that the whole is greater connect points and find the of study, is an inter-discipline
than the sum of its parts. underlying problems. But what that joins systems thinking
is meant by systemic thinking? to design methodology,10
7. Alexander Bogdanov, in Systemic thought originated integrating systems thinking
“Tektology: Universal Organization
Science” (1912 - 1917) used the in the biology of the 1800s, and human-centred design,
term tectology to describe a new enriched by the psychology to develop approaches
universal science that united all of Gestalt 6 in the 1920s, towards sustainability at the
the social, biological and physical systems theories and environmental, social and
sciences, considering them as
systems of relations and looking for complexity. Tectology, by economic levels, to help
the organizational principles that Russian medical researcher designers cope with complex
are at the base of all the systems. Alexander Bogdanov (1873- design projects. It feeds on
1928),7 was the first attempt in a network of relationships
8. Capra, F., Luisi, P.L.,(2014) Vita
e natura : una visione sistemica, the history of science to arrive between different actors, to
Aboca, Sansepolcro at a systematic formulation of transform linear production
the principles of organization models into systemic ones,
9. Bertalanffy, L. von, (1968) operating in living and non- based on collaboration rather
General system theory, New York
living systems. than competition. It makes
10. Systemic DesignAssociation, people aware of their real
https://systemic-design.org/ Bogdanov recognized that needs, the value of resources,
living systems are open the identity and the cultural
systems that operate far from characteristics of a territory. a feedback mechanism not It’s a practical approach, which Figure 1 - Synthesis Maps as
equilibrium and carefully The role of the Systemic exclusively linked to the gathers information about the Design Constructs, Jeremy Bowes
and Peter Jones,
studied their processes of Designer in this process is numerical value of the vote and context and user integrated RSDsymposium.org
regulation and self-regulation. that of mediator, favouring a set up learning by connecting into the understanding of the
He anticipated by about horizontal dialogue between the teachings with the real complex system. An approach
twenty years the general all the actors thanks to his world. that often involves community
theory of systems of the transdisciplinary approach. participation of a group of
Austrian biologist Ludwig A Systemic design mindset is To achieve the paradigm shift, stakeholders transforming them
von Bertalanffy (1901-1972).8 inquiring, open, integrative, a collaborative transdisciplinary into co-authors of the Project.
He proposed to describe collaborative, and centred. investigation of real-world And it is in this framework that
and study all organisms as challenges is needed, and the the Interdesign programme
systems, and defined a system Education, in a systemic use of systemic thinking as promoted by the International
as «a complex of interacting design framework, must be a holistic lens to understand Council of Societies of
elements.»9 A system reorganized to create a web the systemic and social Industrial Design, now World
consists of differentiated of interactions that connect relationships of the system, the Design Organization, fits.
parts that cooperate to form people to context, redesigned general framework. Interdesign is a dynamic
an organizational entity with as an open system, as a This can be done with aggregation of international
specific functions that cannot living system. It is necessary practical experience and field professionals that works
be carried out by individual to support and encourage experience. One example is together in a trans-disciplinary
parts independently. The students to collaborate, the type of workshop teaching, transfer that synergizes each
strategic element becomes incorporate new perspectives a limited-duration course with other. Is a way to implement
the relationship between and create connections a precise goal that allows and guide transformative
the elements. The following independently. It is necessary students to get their hands on action, a way to to better cope
advances in computer science to share resources, create the challenge directly. with complexity.

20 21
ICSID
2
ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration. ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration.

ICSID - The International

Council of Societies of
Industrial Design, now
known as the World Design
Organization (WDO)™, is an
international non-governmental
organization founded in 1957
by 12 design associations from
Europe and the United States.2
The close circle of eminent
founding personalities included
the French designer Jacques
Viénot 3, the French architect

ICSID Pierre Vago,4 the German-

born American designer Peter
Muller-Munk,5 and the Russian-
born British architect and
A driving force of international designer Misha Black.6

collaboration. ICSID was founded to

represent the interests
VISION - «We strive to create a
world where design enhances
Figure 1 - 1961-1963 Icsid
Executive Board at the 1961
Congress in Venice (Italy).
of industrial designers, our economic, social, cultural, Source: WDO
to establish international and environmental quality
1. Arthur J. Pulos, interview with standards for the profession of life.»
Robert Brown, 1980 July 31-1982 «It all seems so silly now, but this was the euphoria of the post-war and to improve its education
Dec. 5, https://www.aaa.si.edu/ that we were really becoming one world. And. . . . I mean, as a result promoting its ability to improve MISSION - «As the 2. T.Messel, Constructing a ‘United
collections/interviews/oral-history- Nations of Industrial Design: ICSID
interview-arthur-j-pulos-11604 of that, I and of course my counterparts in other countries became the environment and society international voice for industrial
and the professionalisation of
a part of an international network, a community of designers and through better products, design (definizione nelle note), design on the world stage, 1957-
design educators, and I am known all around the world—as they are systems, services, and we advocate, promote, and 1980. PhD, 2018
business. It was founded on share knowledge of
known all around the world—and we’re very much of a league of a strong belief in international industrial design driven
designers. We exchange information, we have meetings, we come collaboration as a way of innovation that has the power
and go, and we help each other. »1 countering the atrocities of to create a better world.
World War Two and of the We do this by engaging our
Arthur J. Pulos Cold War still going on. ICSID community in collaborative
constituted a unique platform efforts and by carrying out our
for East-West relations, international programming—
where exchanges resulted in World Design Capital®, World
friendships and professional Design Talks, World Design
cooperation that overrode Impact Prize™, World
national agendas. Industrial Design Day,
ICSID now brings together over and Interdesign®.»7
170 member organizations Jacques Viénot.
Source: Esthétique Industrielle
from more than 40 nations.
Based in Montréal (Canada) 3. Jacques Viénot (1893-1959) is
since 2005, its Secretariat one of the great French designers
takes place on the Indigenous of the 20th century. From 1933
to 1943 he was a consultant for
territory of the Kanien’kehá:ka. the domestic and foreign trade
During the general assembly of Printemps department stores.
in October 2015, the members In 1951 he founded the Institut
approved a renewed vision d’Esthétique Industrielle (IEI),
which became the Institut Français
and mission, in addition to the du Design (IFD) in 1984. In 1952
name change to World Design the IEI published the code of ethics
Organization. “Laws of industrial aesthetics”,

24 25
ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration. ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration.

aimed at codifying the practices ORGANIGRAM - The ICSID/ to strengthen the association’s EVENTS - ICSID/ WDO professionalization after World
of the craft of designers in France, presence in the territory and War II. Born in Berlin and trained
WDO Organigram consists of regularly organizes two types
containing tools and methodologies as a silversmith, he moved to the
that remain a universal basis for the eight positions with different support it in its agenda. of events, one open to the United States in 1926. He briefly
design of quality products. tasks public and one reserved designed for Tiffany & Co. and in
Regional Advisors are exclusively for Board members. the early 1930s he devoted himself
former members of the to industrial design by founding his
The Board of Directors is the
own company, Peter Muller Munk
most important body of the Management Board that have The Congress, the first edition Associates. He considered the
organization, composed of the objective of supporting and of which was held in 1959 in design process ‘a management
professionals in international strengthening the association’s Stockholm, Sweden, is a three- philosophy’ rather than a limited
presence in their region. They product design, a consolidated
industrial design. It is elected day biennial event featuring
perspective through its involvement
every two years by the General ensure that the association key speakers, workshops, etc. in education and national
Assembly and consists of remains visible and align their The host city is chosen through and international professional
eleven members: the President, region’s design agendas with a tender and the event is open organizations like FIDSA.
the President elected, the design aspirations for a better to all interested in the theme of
treasurer and eight other board world. industrial design.
members who voluntarily offer
Pierre vago. their time and expertise at the The Liaisons community is a The General Assembly is an
Source: RIBA Collections group of individuals appointed
service of the organization to international event reserved for
4. Pierre Vago (1910 - 2002) collaborate in the mission of by board members for long- members only, an opportunity
was an architect, urban planner, giving voice and strengthening term assignments and is a to verify the current state
architectural critic, ‘political the role of industrial design very important link between of design in the world and
activist’ in the architectural context local community residents
internationally. Each board to align with the economic,
and founder, with André Bloc,
of the magazine “L’Architecture member may be elected for and the main organization. By cultural and social changes.
d’Aujourd’hui”. A member of two terms but may not stand for liaising with the board member On this occasion, the members
CIAM, in order to pursue a new a third unless nominated by the responsible for their region, discuss the improvements
architecture on solid theoretical they identify key players and Sir Misha Black.
President-elect. of the Constitution and the
and practical foundations, in Source: National Portrait Gallery,
1932 he founded the Réunions resources to empower local Statute, elect a new Executive London
internationales des architectes, The President-elect is the design communities. Board for the next term, ratify
which in 1948 were transformed person designated to succeed the new members and update 6. Misha Black (1910 - 1977) was
into the Union internationale des The Treasurer has the role of a British-Azerbaijani architect and
the President-in-Office at the them on the work done in past
architectes. In addition to his designer. Educated at the Dame
professional activity, he was also end of his term of office. keeping track of the finances of mandates. Alice Owen School in Islington,
interested in teaching, aimed at the ICDIS every two years and he tokes evening classes at the
training young architects up to the The Secretariat manages the is appointed by the President Central School of Arts and Crafts in
theoretical-conceptual elaboration at each term. London and studied briefly in Paris
day-to-day operations and
that sees him as the protagonist of in 1928. In 1933 he founded the
the Modern Movement. carries out the decisions taken Artists’ International Association in
by the Board of Directors. Members can be professional London. In 1943, with Milner Gray
The secretariat’s office was associations, educational and Herbert Read, he founded the
institutions, and government Design Research Unit, a London-
initially located in Paris and
based architectural, graphic
later moved to Brussels, then bodies, which aim to contribute and interior design company.
Helsinki. Since 2005 it is to the development and From 1959 to 1975 Black was a
located in Montreal, Quebec, support of the industrial design professor of industrial design at
profession. They are the the Royal College of Art in London.
Canada.
President of the ICSID from 1959
international platform through to 1961, he was also a member of
The Senate is a body which design institutions the Chartered Society of Designers
composed of former presidents around the world can stay and winner of the Minerva Medal,
connected, and share common the Society’s highest award.
who have agreed to serve
Between 1974 and 1976 he was
in an honorary manner as interests and new experiences. president of the Design and
Peter Muller-Munk in 1935.
advisors to the association. Industries Association.
Source: Carnegie Mellon University The most recent senator is
7. Source: WDO, https://wdo.org/
Archives also appointed as coordinator
about/vision-mission/
of the Senate and acts as a
5. Peter Muller-Munk (1904-1967)
was an important figure in the
liaison between the Senate and
development of industrial design, the Board of Directors. Former
design consultancy and design board members can also
become regional consultants

26 27
ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration. ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration.

1953

First

1971
Interdesign
23 May –
6 June
Minsk, USSR
The General Assembly

2015
2005
Jacques Vienot Secretariat
Source: Esthétique Industrielle
in Gwangju, South
moved to Korea.
Icsid idea was Montreal. Icsid becomes WDO,
presented by a more accessible
Jacques Vienot at the organization open
to the wider design
1973
Institut d’Esthetique
Industrielle’s community.
international Icsid’s logo from the First joint The education and Icsid’s 50th
First Congress

1985

1995

2007
1959

congress. 1970s to the 1980s.

Interdesign corporate pillars anniversary,
and General Source: WDO
Icsid UNESCO, were created in World Industrial
Assembly in
Kyoto Congress and Icograda. the Constitution, Design Day was
Stockholm, Sweden. First World

2016
It brought the Louvain-La- highlighting the launched.
23 members from 17 Design Talk
Western and Asian Neuve Belgium ongoing importance
countries.
design worlds of Icsid’s
together for the first educational and
time on Asian soil. corporate members.

RAPID GROWTH

June 29 First session January 1

2013
on design
Foundation, Icsid officially
Special protection at the IDA was

1992
London. became
consultative World Congress dissolved.
Registration, World Design
status with in Ljubljana.
Paris: the Source: WDO Organization.
ECOSOC.
Secretariat was
1957

2017
Icsid and
1974

The Secretariat
set up at 17 Icograda united First World
moved to First joint Icsid,
Quai Voltaire to create the Design Impact
Special Brussels. Icograda, and IFI
Source: WDO

2003

2012
International Prize to the
consultative Congress.
Design Alliance Community
status with Helsinki, Finland
(IDA) Cooker.
UNESCO to
use design for
1981

the betterment
1963

of the human Icsid’s revised logo.

Source: WDO Torino awarded
condition.
first World
Design
Capital®.
IDA welcomed

2008
IFI to the
alliance.

28 29
ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration. ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration.

4. They identified identified as

particularly relevant to the industrial
design community SDGs 3, 4, 6, 7,
9, 11, 12, and 17.

Promote design-led
innovation to help World Industrial Design Day World Design Talks
reduce illness and
strengthen health On June 29, in tribute of the World Design Talks are one-
and well-being;
establishment of the World day workshops that address
Strengthen quality Design Organization, WIDD local challenges of global
industrial design is celebrated, a day of relevance, such as rapid
education that global respect in which the urbanization, climate change,
emphasizes
sustainability, social design community celebrates and migration. Hosted in
responsibility, industrial design through manifold locations, World
context, and systems activities such as roundtables, Design Talks were established
thinking; workshops, competitions, in 2016 to explore ways in
Improve access
to safe water and
strengthen hygiene
and sanitation
PROGRAMMES exhibitions, networking events
and much more.
It was first declared in
which design and collaborative
mindsets can help identify
solutions. The knowledge
2007 on the occasion of gained from each Talk
services; A means to create a better world the organization’s 50th contributes to the World Design
Increase our use of anniversary, to raise cognition Agenda.
clean energy and of the industrial design
improve energy profession and support
efficiency in our
operations, products its power in strengthening
and supply chains to economic, social, cultural and
help tackle climate World Design Agenda environmental development.
change;

Promote inclusive The WDO World Design

and sustainable Agenda is an action plan that
infrastructure, outlines key recommendations
industrialization
for our community, to enlighten World Corporate Circles
and innovation with
a focus on user and mobilize it, and to provide
affordability and design solutions that contribute Intending to break the
accessibility; to the achievement of SDGs by isolation of top-tier business
2030. World Design Capital® designers, WDO has devised
Champion design as the Corporate Circles program,
a fundamental tool With this Agenda, the WDO
for making cities and has set itself up to play a Designated every two an information and networking
human settlements leadership role in addressing years since 2008, WDC platform that aims to provide a
more inclusive,
some of the biggest economic, acknowledges cities for unique leadership experience.
safe, resilient and utilising design to drive Bringing together like-minded
sustainable; social and environmental
challenges of our planet, such sociocultural, economic, and industry professionals, allows
Encourage the as demographic growth and environmental development, them to interact and share
efficient use
shortening natural resources, to improve the lives of their best practices, challenges and
of resources, citizens. Through a year- solutions.
sustainable from a design perspective.
alternatives and The United Nations Sustainable long program of events, the
more responsible Development Goals (SDGs)4 selected city promulgates its
consumption and
are a framework for action achievements internationally,
production; building a global reputation
that has the potential to
Foster strong deliver a positive social and and attracting tourism and
and inclusive environmental impact, and investment.
partnerships,
to support the
can be used as a common
achievement of the language in a sustainable
SDGs in all countries. design journey.

30 31
ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration. ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration.

Interdesign

Dating back to 1971, the

WDO’s Interdesign program
brings together designers from
World Design Young World Design Impact Prize™ WDO Foundation around the world to address
Designers Circle a problem that is not only
Established in 2011, WDIP Since 2022 WDO has launched peculiar to the host country
Intending to break the is presented every two a Foundation to develop but also has international
isolation of top-tier business years to an industrial design partnerships in technology, importance.
designers, WDO has devised driven project that make a research and development and
the Corporate Circles program, positive impact on our social, sustainability with educational The idea of a new type of
an information and networking economic, cultural and/ or institutions, industry and seminar bringing together
platform that aims to provide a environmental quality of life. global non-governmental industrial designers from
unique leadership experience. For the award of the prize, a organizations. The reason around the world to involve
Bringing together like-minded shortlist of candidates is first was to expand the scope them in wider, community-
industry professionals, allows selected by a multidisciplinary and impact of WDO’s global led projects originated in the
them to interact and share group of experts and then activities by supporting several Soviet Union, Leningrad, in
best practices, challenges and voted by the member design-driven projects, to an ICSID Presidency session.
solutions. organizations of the WDO. improve the quality of life for There they concluded that to
communities around the world learn to understand each other,
through a more connected and we had to work together. The
sustainable way of proceeding. program was conceived by
The cardinal points of the the ICSID Council under the
World Design Medal Foundation are: chairmanship of John Reid and
> empower students and with Frank Height as the first
Founded in 2017 for the 60th design professionals by ICSID coordinator. There was
anniversary of the WDO, the funding quality educational a strong feeling that designers
World Design Medal honours programs, scholarships, had to move away from the
World Design Assembly an individual who has made a and scholarships. narrow concept of product-
significant contribution to the > demonstrate the benefits oriented design, and become
Since 1959, WDO Members advancement of the industrial
have met biennially to attend and tangible results more involved in “total”
design profession, recognizing of design programs to projects. It needed a purpose,
the General Assembly where its impact on the local and
WDO Members are designated solve local and global, bringing people together and
international design community. social and environmental sparking arguments, but it
to set the operational direction The award aims to raise
of the organization, elect issues providing support wasn’t enough. There was
awareness of innovation driven to civil society, industry, a general rejection of the
its leadership and address by industrial design that has
some key issues affecting the government and non- type of conference in which
a positive impact on our world governmental organisations eminent people spoke to
industry. while providing a showcase for
Today, it dwells into a three- > support and finance equally eminent colleagues
products, services, systems educational initiatives and from a stage in an anonymous
day event that also includes a and experiences that improve
Research and Education Forum community projects to hotel. Also, there weren’t
our quality of life. explore design innovation many opportunities for mid-
and an International Design The first medal was presented
Conference. as a means to improve the career designers to take
to the German industrial well-being of communities. postgraduate courses, and
designer Hartmut Esslinger few of them would still be able
at the 30th World Design to afford it, in terms of time
Assembly in Turin, selected and finance. For this reason,
by a committee composed the Interdesign program was
of WDO board members and initially aimed exclusively at
senators. mid-career designers, who had
the necessary experience and
knowledge in the specific field
of the problematic situation.

32 33
ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration. ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration.

Addressing issues such an examination of the human World Design Challenges

as climate change, urban needs of an area, intending to
transport, population ageing, arrive at practical solutions to In 2020, WDO launched
green spaces, access to health existing problems or outline a virtual chapter of the
care and water management, directions for the future. Interdesign program. The
Interdesigns are hosted by a World Design Challenges are
different local organization or From the first Interdesign in two weeks of virtual workshops
consortium each time. Minsk (1971), which explored that bring together 40 to 250
The concept of Interdesign
includes a creative workshop, a
dynamic aggregation of about
30 practising professionals
the production and distribution
of bread, to the most recent in
Mumbai (2014), which sought
to address some of the social
designers and multidisciplinary
experts to address a specific
problem or topic. They are an
opportunity for designers to
UoBDA ARCHIVES
from all over the world, half and infrastructure challenges collaborate with peers from
from the host country and the facing the growing city, These other disciplines and time
From Compiegne to Brighton
other half from the national unique workshops have zones on an initiative that can
professional associations’ produced a series of innovative benefit from their immediate
members of the ICSID, hosted design solutions with a lasting and targeted support, through
free of charge by the host impact. For the host countries, relevant and impactful
organization that provides food they were an opportunity to solutions.
and accommodation and local focus attention on a particular Through effective partnerships, Information about the 5. The UoBDA contains the
association’s history is currently following archives;
transport. Over two weeks, the aspect of their society or collaborating with partners Brighton School of Art,
programme brings together environment, involving on a such as IBM, Design for contained in the University Paul Clark,
established designers, young practical level professionals America, UN Women Asia of Brighton Design Archives Theo Crosby,
professionals, students and able to expand their thinking and the Pacific, ISS National - UoBDA, located on the City Keith Cunningham,
Campus of the University of Dorrit Dekk,
stakeholders from both the host with an injection of collective Laboratory and the World Willy de Majo,
region and the international international ideas. Packaging Organisation, WDO Brighton, in Grand Parade. This Design Council,
community to research, has since hosted four World archive contains about 642.5 Joseph Emberton,
collaborate and design under General working procedure: Design Challenges. linear meters of documents, Edwin J Embleton,
divided into 22 different Anthony Froshaug,
the banner of a specific theme. 1st week - discussing the task James Gardner,
As a rule, the general theme of and the brief, analyzing the > COVID-19 Design Archives.5 Among these, the F H K Henrion,
the seminar is further divided problem and initial material, Challenge ICSID Archive documents Richard Hollis,
into several sub-themes to formulating the concept and > 2020 Generation Equality the initiatives, ambitions and ICOGRADA,
influence of this International ICSID,
allow participants, divided main approaches to solving the Asia Pacific Design Barbara Jones,
into 4/5 international groups of problem Challenge Organization that since Natasha Kroll,
5-7 specialists, to focus on a > 2020 Design in Space 1957 has contributed to the W H Mayall,
specific topic. 2nd week - working out for Life on Earth Design Representation of Industrial H A Rothholz,
Design and Designers across Bernard Schottlander,
solutions, presentation of final Challenge Alison Settle,
It is clear that in a short period project material > 2021 Sustainable Political Boundaries and Vokins.
of two weeks, it is impossible At the end of first and second Packaging Design Economic Disparities. The
to find a full solution to this week are held meetings for Challenge, SDG9-12 documents preserved here,
problem. Participants work on a general discussion of the about 50 linear meters of
general concept and approach group’s work. documents, correspondence,
to the problem, indicating the official reports and
main ideas and solutions and photographs, were generated
presenting them in the form by the offices of Essen and
of drawings, sketches and Montreal, and transferred
mock-ups. The core value to Brighton in 2007 by the
of Interdesign is linked to Université de Technologie de
the fact that it allows many Compiègne, France.
different perspectives on any The ICSID Archive is
project. The analytical method arranged in the following
of the industrial designer is series, reflecting the original
transformed from product to arrangement:
person, applied to

34 35
ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration. ICSID - A driving force of international collaboration.

List of known
Interdesign

1971 USSR
1972 Ireland
1974 Canada
Ireland
Austria New discoveries
1975 Belgium
1976 Hong Kong
Northern Ireland 1977 Kharkov (USSR),
1978 Mexico Design for the aged and the handicapped
1979 Hungary
Austria 1979 Bauhaus Dessau, (GDR),
1980 USSR Playgrounds in Residential Areas
1981 Hungary
1982 Finland 1979 Voss (NORWAY),
Netherlands Design for Small and Medium-sized
Industries
1984 Sweden
1985 Belgium

1986 France
1988 Hungary
1989 Norway
Japan
Figure 2. Interior of the Design ICD/1 Constitution The research for the writing 1990 Bauhaus Dessau (GDR),
Archives, photo taken with the of this thesis, carried out in 1990 Yugoslavia Toys for children’s rehabilitation
courtesy of University of Brighton ICD/2 Congress
person inside UoBDA, focused 1992 Finland
Design Archives.
ICD/3 General Assemblies on consulting ICD/5 and ICD/9 1993 Brazil 1993 Potsdam (GDR),
ICD/4 Meetings series. This field work has 1994 Sweden Toys for children’s rehabilitation
ICD/5 Interdesign led to the rediscovery of five Colombia
6. Information relating to October
further Interdesign currently not
1, 2022
ICD/6 Working groups 1995 Australia
listed on the official website;6
ICD/7 Seminars Interdesign that had been lost 1996 Latvia
in time. Mexico
ICD/8 Board members
Three of these took place
ICD/9 ICSID publications in the German Democratic 1999 Australia, Mexico, South Africa
ICD/10 Countries Republic and aimed to design South Korea
games and play areas for End of the Archive
ICD/11 Awards
children. The other two, on
ICD/12 International the other hand, took place in 2003 Chile
organisations the USSR and Norway and Mexico
ICD/13 Education respectively dealt with design 2005 South Africa
for people with disabilities and 2006 Argentina
design aimed at improving 2007 Canada
businesses.
2009 Mexico
This discovery has aroused the
interest of WDO that will update Sweden
its information channels with 2014 India
the notes I collected.

36 37
The ‘70s
3
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

The seventies were revolutionary years,

characterized by coups, civil wars, and
various conflicts related to decolonization.
The decade was also an era of great
technological and scientific advances, and of
THE ‘70s

1975
progression of the 60’s social values, such as
increasing political awareness and economic
A pivot of change in world history
1 logo, Gates and Allen
st

liberty of women. Source: Business Insider

Microsoft
Corporation
April 4,
Bill Gates and
Intel 4004 Paul Allen found

1976
1971

Intel Corporation the American

released the first multinational
commercially produced technology
microprocessor, a 4-bit corporation
CPU, designed by Microsoft, short for
Federico Faggin, Tedd “micro-computer
Hoff and Stan Mazor. software.”
Treaty of Moscow
1970

German Autumn

1977
12 August, Oil crisis
1973

Kidnapping and
between the Soviet Fall of Saigon Soviet–Afghan War

1979
The raised oil prices murder of industrial
Union and West Enterprise
damaged Western April 30, businessman, and former December 24,
Germany. Soviet troops
economies, but Liberation of the September 17, SS member Hanns Martin
helped the Soviet South’s capital by NASA introduces the Schleyer by the Red occupied
Treaty of Warsaw Afghanistan by
Union by generating the Vietnamese first space shuttle, the Army Faction. Hijacking
7 December, a huge flow of government. It Enterprise. It was a of Lufthansa Flight 181 by request of the
between West Electronics News magazine, money from its oil marked the end of prototype created to the Popular Front for the Afghan communist
Germany and Poland. November 15, 1971. sales. the Vietnam War. conduct test flights. Liberation of Palestine. government.

Bloody Sunday Apple Computer Company Death of the Popes

30 January, April 1, Pope Paul VI dies
Northern Ireland. Cupertino, California and is replaced by
Founded by Steve Jobs and Pope John Paul
One of the most significant Steve Wozniak to develop I who also dies
events of the Troubles; and sell Wozniak’s Apple I this year and is

1978
British soldiers shot 26 personal computer. replaced by Pope
1972

unarmed civilians during a M62 coach bombing John Paul II.

protest march.
Apollo 13 4 February,
11-17 April, Northern Ireland.
Saturday Night Fever
NASA’s Apollo 13 Moon An IRA time bomb killed
12 people, British Army December 14
Mission returns to
Release of the
1974

Earth successfully after personnel and their family

1970

members, on a coach in the american dance

experiencing oxygen tank
West Riding of Yorkshire.
1976 drama film, a pop-
problems and an explosion.
Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and culture symbol of the

1977
John Sculley. Source: SAL VEDER ‘70s that brought disco
music to a bigger
audience.

40 41
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

In 1971, ICSID launched the tourism and health. All this with

INTERDESIGN
Interdesign program, intending an eye to the most disabled
to promote the importance people, such as the elderly, the
of the industrial designer handicapped and children.

1975, Serfaus, Austria

1979, Vienna, Austria
profession in the world. Through field design, ICSID
During the 70s, a total of 14 wanted to demonstrate
Interdesigns were organized the usefulness of industrial
in 11 states, and a further 9 designers for solving

‘70s 1976, Northern Ireland

1971, Minsk, USSR

were programmed but never
realized.
The topics covered during
the two weeks of workshops
followed the needs of individual
challenges and for developing
the economy of industries and
governments.
1974, Ontario, Canada

1979, Voss, Norway countries and varied from the

development of local industries

1976, Hong Kong

to the design of services and
systems for urban transport, Industrial designer
profession
Alternative energy
Graphics
Medical facilities
SMEs

Local identity Industry

Inclusiveness

Furniture
Economy Roads Vehicle design

Resource Systems
management Transport
1972, Kilkenny, Ireland
1974, Kilkenny, Ireland

Urban Nature Tourism

planning
1978, Mexico City, Mexico

Quality of life

TOPICS
Services
Built environment
1979 Bauhaus Dessau, GDR

Sports
1977, Kharkiv, USSR
1979, Keszthely, Hungary

Playgrounds
1975, Bruges, Belgium

42 43
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

ICSID BOARD This chapter is essentially The institute made available to 1. John R. Reid (1925 -92) was a
Mr. Henri Vienot, President; based on the review of the seminary a whole floor of its British architect who graduated
Mr. John Reid, Past President; from the Polytechnic School of
Mr. Jurgen Hämer, Honorary documents stored in the offices. This included separate Architecture in London in 1950.
Treasurer; Brighton Design Archive inside rooms for each work group and He was Dean of Art and Design
Mr. Carl Auböck, Vice President; folder 05-1. conference room, committee at Middlesex Polytechnic, now
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Vice President; rooms, library, and model and Middlesex University (1975-78).
Mr. André Ricard, Vice President; He was an Associate of the Royal
Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières, In the spring of 1970, ICSID prototype services. Institute of British Architects
Secretary General; President John Reid 1 had the VNIITE also provided local (ARIBA) and a Fellow of the Society
Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, Board
Member;
Mr. Frank Dudas, Board Member;
Mr. Kenji Ekuan, Board Member.
1971, USSR original idea of organizing
a workshop exclusively for
mid-career designers. Most
of the efforts to date in design
transport to Minsk for the
participants, who only had to
take care of the trip to and from
Minsk, VISA and insurance.
of Industrial Artists and Designers
(FSIAD). He was President of the
SIAD (1965-66) and President
of the International Council of
Societies of Industrial Design -
The Production and Distribution of Bread education were for students,
and some form of educational
However, this was not easy as
there were many problems in
ICSID (1969-71).

refreshment for post-war obtaining visas to travel to the

designers was missing. Soviet Union and finding flights
Providing these opportunities to Minsk.
was an ICSID's duty.
They decided to avoid the VNIITE could accommodate
standard form of a teaching 30 designers, 15 from the
Minsk, USSR - seminar, where several Soviet Union and 15 from
30 currently Belarus
23 May – 6 June 1971
specialist speakers interface
with a passive audience.
Since all participants had
other countries. Seminar
announcements and invitations
were sent to all ICSID member
participants
accumulated experience associations by the Secretary-
and knowledge in various General. Places were awarded Sylvia and John Reid
from Probus News Magazine -
fields of design through their based on the achievement December 2020/January 2021
professional activities, ICSID of the largest number of
wanted to create a situation nationalities, as they attempted
of interactive exchange of to have a designer for each 2. VNIITE (1962- 2013), named
ВНИИТЭ after the acronym for
ideas and experiences, nation. The only exception the All-Union Scientific Research
where everyone could be was the two seats reserved for Institute of Industrial Design, was
both teacher and student. the US, justified by the large the chief Soviet design research
The international nature population of the country and institute. Created by request of
the State Committee on Science
of the seminar increased by the committee’s willingness and Engineering of the Council of
variations in experience and to prevent the seminar from Ministers of the USSR, the main
attitude, adding extra vitality to being characterized as strongly objective was to improve the
exchanges. European. The committee was design quality of Soviet products,
and to decrease the gap between
therefore happy to receive the Soviet Union and the industrial
The first Interdesign, held Applications from India and power of Western countries.
between 23 May and 6 June Japan, among the 48 received. VNIITE became an institutional
1971 in Minsk, USSR, was member of ICSID in 1969.
organized in collaboration The perplexities linked to this 3. Yuri Soloviev (1920 - 2013)
with VNIITE 2, the main Soviet new type of seminary, however, is one of the leading figures in
Institute of Industrial Design. did not disappear. In a letter Russian design in the second half
ICSID Vice President Yuri dated 19 March 1971 to Josine of the 20th century. He studied
design in Moscow in 1938 and
Soloviev 3 was also the director Des Cressonnières 4, ICSID worked for many state-funded
and founder of the VNIITE. He Secretary General, L. Lepoix enterprises, including the Ministry
Bakery and its systems, from offered to provide participants 5
expressed his opposition, of Transport Industry (1946-56).
The topic urban planning to furniture with room and board at Hotel considering it an occasion Charged with extending design
activity in the USSR, Soloviev
Youbileynaya, a first-class on the part of the Russians was appointed Director of VNIITE
modern hotel, and working to make designers with (1962-87). In 1969 Soloviev
facilities in the newly built experience in important studies became vice president of ICSID
Design Institute in Minsk. to work for free, and not an and served as president from 1977

44 45
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

to 1980. He received many design opportunity to exchange ideas. to allow designers to better
awards including the fourth Osaka The theme chosen for this first confront themselves, proposing
International Design Award, the
International World Design Prize, Interdesign in Minsk concerned more solutions to the same
and the Japan Design Foundation’s the relatively rigid and problem. She also criticized the
International Design Award. product-oriented issues of the list of equipment and products
bakery, its delivery systems, to be designed, suggesting
and the social structures to be less specific and to
through which this product expose problems to be solved
is purchased and sold, from rather than possible solutions.
urban planning to furniture. This would give participants
A series of documents were greater freedom of ideas
prepared by Frank Height 6 and methodological choices.
and the organizing committee7, Finally, she stressed that
including briefs, a program, a there was a greater need for
timetable, standard form sketch re-cycling in terms of system
pads, pocked badges and design than
questionnaires for participants. product design, setting as an
example the list for the street
The problem of choosing the furniture exhibition of the C.C.I.
proper theme was arduous. - Paris, where instead of listing
Projects had to be of sufficient objects they listed functions to
Yuri Soloviev scale and importance to meet.
from Правление СПб СД
provide interest and challenge
to professional designers, From these considerations
4. Josine Des Cressonnières (1926 but at the same time they arose the two projects of
- 1985), born Jean Naus, was a didn’t have to be too complex the first Interdesign, both of
policymaker who played a leading
role in the national and international or they would generate interest to the Soviet Union
design community and succeeded counterproductive frustration. but of different orientations
in connecting very different political They also had to be of interest of design. Project A would
worlds through the medium of to the host country, which provide an opportunity for The aim was a more efficient,
Project A Figure 1 - Interdesign '71 Minsk.
design. She began her professional Ref: 05-1-1 (uncatalogued). ICSID
career as a fashion designer for the had to be able to specify system design associated hygienic and economical
Archive, University of Brighton
À L’Innovation retail chain. In 1956 the problem and provide with potentially advanced Although in many countries of process, with better working Design Archives.
she became general secretary of additional information related to engineering concepts, while the world the bakery industry conditions for distribution
the “Signe d’Or” award. She was a practical need rather than a Project B would require more workers and better service for
was already highly automated,
appointed Secretary General of
Institut d’Esthétique Industrielle, theoretical hypothesis. attention to urban issues, most of the operations of the consumer.
5. Louis Lucien Lepoix (1918 - 98)
Belgium (1960-64), and Secretary ICSID, therefore, defined social values, and aesthetics. management, distribution was a French industrial designer
General of ICSID since 1961. She the basic objectives of an Participants could only choose and sale of the product still specializing in the industrial design
was the Director of the Design Interdesign as follows: one of the two projects. depended on manual labour. Project B of motor vehicles. He studied
Center since 1964. drawing, design, sculpture and
> To demonstrate the Participants in this project
architecture in Lyon and Paris, and
possibilities of international had to develop proposals In many cities around the obtained a degree in engineering.
cooperation between for a system, with related world, road installations were In 1947 he founded his studio FTI
designers in projects of devices, for the mechanization destructive to the urban Design.
social value; of the processes of various environment, and inefficient.
6. Frank Height (1921 – 2013) was
> To provide an opportunity types of bread in self-service This was due, in part, to how Professor Emeritus in Industrial
for the exchange of stores. This would lead to a each of them served separate Design at the Royal College of Art,
experience between more efficient, hygienic and and independent systems, Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts,
designers from different such as communications, the Chartered Society of Designers,
economical process.
the Royal Academy of Engineering,
countries.8 The study of this problem was transport or lighting. The and the Institution of Mechanical
divided into two parts: project required design Engineers. His professional work
In response to Frank Height’s > the development of a proposals for street furniture includes the design of furniture,
brief, Josine Des Cressonnieres and accessories to be included medical and office equipment,
system project;
interiors and exhibitions.
made a few remarks 9. > the development of certain in one of the major streets He won three Design Council
Josine Des Cressonnières The choice of subjects had to equipment for the operation of Minsk. The study of this awards: the Silver Medal at XII
from Archives des Cressonnières be limited as much as possible of the system. problem had to understand the Triennale di Milano, the Institute of

46 47
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

Packaging Award and the Sir road as a total environment, development of design Conference Room, where the producing ideas on the 10. The Minsk sea is a large
Misha Black Medal for services to and it was divided into two hypotheses, which were to be coordinators described their second day. Loyalty and artificial lake. Here, partecipants
design education. cooked shashlik in the open air
parts: incorporated into proposals objectives, working methods group identity was formed at on the island; here there were
1. analysis of road equipment to present at the end of the and proposals. Questions and such a level that at the end swimming, boating, ball games and
as a global system, with seminar. comments were flourishing of the first week, participants conversations.
proposals for physical from all participants. rejected unanimously the
11. Khatyn is a village destroyed by
coordination of the various To understand the problems The work programme, being attempt to propose group the Nazis on 22 March 1943, due
elements and to accumulate experiences particularly dense, left little time sorting and recreation. For the to reprisal for the death of some
2. a detailed drawing of to be applied to future for social events. Nevertheless, second objective, Interdesign German soldiers. The city became
one or more particular seminars, it was crucial to VNIITE organized: demonstrated that there is no a symbol of the massacres of the
civilian population during the war
elements, for example, observe the progress of this > a tour of Minsk; big difference in skills between and in 1969 became a memorial.
visual communication first Interdesign. > a visit to the sports centre designers from different
equipment and information The process was recorded and swimming pool; countries, but that each gives
or equipment for traffic and by film, still photographs and > two film shows; emphasis to different design
parking control. tape recordings of all plenary > a day at the Minsk sea 10; aspects.
The results of this study were sessions. The groups were > a concert at the
to lead to better road design as asked to use standard format Philharmonic Hall, Leonid One of the subsidiary
part of the urban environment, sheets for drawings and Kogan solo violin; objectives was to study
Frank Height
from The Sir Misha Black Awards both from a functional and writing, serially numbered and > a visit to Khatyn 11. problems of international
aesthetic point of view. identified by the designer’s communication, particularly in
name, and then collected as In everyday practice, designers technical areas, by observing
Frank Height proposed to records of the work done. The seem to associate more with to what extent drawings could
7. The organizing committee
consisted of: create international mixed extensive use of sketches groups that have similar be used as a rapid language.
Y. Soloviev, VNIITE Chairman; groups of 5 or 6 designers. The and drawings broke through attitudes to their own. The The communication success
John Reid, ICSID President; optimal size of groups was an language barriers and made Interdesign has encouraged was largely due to the VNIITE
Frank Height, Chairman ICSID important factor to consider; a complex and sophisticated exchanges between designers interpreting team, aided by the
Education Group;
G. Minervin, Deputy Direct VNIITE; too-small unit would not be very technical concepts easily of different philosophies international design dictionary
B. Ussov, Director of Minsk Design productive in the educational communicated. and policies, providing the compiled by the VNIITE
Institute. experience, while a too-large In addition to the personal opportunity to participate on available for the event. Apart
one would be unmanageable. observations of the committee an equal footing in activities from that, there is no doubt
8. Frank Height, Synopsis of Report
on the first ICSID International Group formation was not as members, the Methodology that included a rapid and that the fluent use of sketches
Working Seminar for practising difficult as expected. Each Group undertook a specific continuous involvement in and drawings surpassed
designers. participant chose the project programme, based on a family issues. The setting of language barriers and
Ref: 05-1-1 of their interest, and they were questionnaire that formed projects of social value has allowed the communication
9. Comments by J. Des then divided to give a mix the basis of the recorded generated interesting results, of sophisticated or complex
Cressonnieres deriving from the of nationalities. The official interviews with individual adding utility to the seminar. technical concepts.
brief drawn up by Frank Height, languages of this Interdesign designers. The questionnaires The general impression
concerning the education seminar. were English and Russian, but covered broader topics of the In addition to the final emerged that the concept
Ref: 05-1-3
VNIITE was able to provide seminar itself, dealing with performance and filming, an of designers who educate
individual interpreters for each the individual philosophies of illustrated report was drawn up themselves and at the same
group. designers. to witness the work done. When time produce useful work is a
The result was a summary this report was prepared, the valid alternative to the standard
The two-week program, divided of the participants’ visions. committee had not yet had the academic seminar. It involved
into two parts, was organized Finally, Height sent a more opportunity to fully evaluate the the different designers in
to leave maximum working time concrete questionnaire from design proposals produced, so participating on equal terms
to the groups during the day; the ICSID point of view to their observations were mostly in activities familiar to them,
discussions and social events explore participants’ views on based on the stressed seminar. allowing those more intuitive
were reserved for the evening. the Interdesign itself. Concerning the first objective, and less academic designers
During the first week, Each group made two there were no difficulties to contribute in a way they
participants collected data, presentations, one at the end expected of cooperation could not in a conference
formulated group policies and of the first week and one at between designers of different room atmosphere. Given all
prepared design hypotheses. the end of Interdesign. During nationalities. The groups these factors, the committee
The second week, however, the conference, the groups quickly settled down, sharing considered this first Interdesign
was devoted to the review and showed their designs in the responsibilities, and started a success and a valid idea.

48 49
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

ICSID BOARD This chapter treats the - the Irish Tourist Board, and «Destroying what it feeds
Mr. Henri Vienot, President; information of documents Coras Trachtala - the Irish
Mr. John Reid, Past President;
inside folder 05-2 kept in the Export Board16, and obtained on?» 12
Mr. Jurgen Hämer, Honorary
Treasurer; Brighton Design Archive. funding from UNESCO 17.
Mr. Carl Auböck, Vice President; «How can a country cater for
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Vice President; In the 1970s, leisure travel Twenty professional designers
Mr. André Ricard, Vice President; tourism to benefit both visitor
Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières, was increasing and had from different countries of and host without damaging
Secretary General; become one of the most the world participated to
Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, Board
Member;
Mr. Frank Dudas, Board Member;
Mr. Kenji Ekuan, Board Member.
1972, IRELAND important factors of economic
growth for many countries.
Tourism was the phenomenon
of a post-industrial society,
this Interdesign. Their paper
credentials were reviewed
by ICSID, which sent basic
information and briefs before
the environment and
character which both want to
preserve?» 13

Design in tourism generated by three conditions:

wealth, earning capacity,
their arrival in May 1972.
The aim was to study how
and the increasing amount designers could contribute
of free time in developed to a change in tourism while
12. Daryl Jackson, Getting away
countries. Implications of this preserving or even enhancing from it all, Design Australia,
phenomenon for the social and the natural characteristics February/March 1973
physical environment were and qualities of the country.
13. Document No. 4, Preliminay
issues of national interest. The proposed idea received
Brief. Ref: 05-2-3
The exponential increase in unanimous and enthusiastic
20 Kilkenny, Ireland
6 - 20 May 1972
visitors had brought some
disadvantages such as the
consumption of local resources
acceptance because it
reflected concerns about
our environment, which
14. In 1971 (14-16 October), the
7th Congress of the International
Council of Societies of Industrial
participants Design (ICSID) was held at San
and services, pollution of seas was undergoing disastrous Miguel Bay, Ibiza. It was a meeting
and beaches, and degradation and alarming changes. between professional designers
of the natural environment. Tourism trade particularly and the younger generation
of Instant City, that proposed
Many of these problems affected environmental
participation as a way of building
required political and financial change, especially in small or a city.
intervention. developing countries, where
Ireland, with its rich natural the environment was still 15. The Kilkenny Design
Workshops (KDW) were founded
and artificial heritage, was natural.
in 1963 by Córas Tráchtála, the
vulnerable given its small Irish Export Board, to improve
size, and its relatively small The designers were aware that the design of Irish products and
population compared to nearby the tourist trade was still in its increase exports. Initially, the
emphasis was on craft-based
large densely populated infancy, and that the expected
industries - silver and metalwork,
countries. Because of this increase in income and leisure textile weaving, textile printing,
vulnerability, it was selected time would result in a steady ceramics, and woodworking -
as an ideal model for such a increase in travellers. The way then the workshops augmented
to include industrial and product
study. this could be done offered
design.
great space for designers.
It was a common opinion that Given the vast scale of the 16. Coras Trachtala, known as The
designers usually arrive too late problem, this was reduced to Irish Export Board, later Irish Trade
Board, is now part of Enterprise
to influence vital decisions. The the study of four aspects.
Ireland. It was founded in 1952,
idea of organizing a second when Irish exports comprised
seminar on this issue originated mainly agricultural products, to
during the 1971 ICSID promote and develop Irish exports
worldwide.
Congress in Ibiza.14
Tourism facilities, transport and Sponsored by Kilkenny Design
The topic services Workshops 15, Irish Tourist
Board, and Irish Export Board,
it took place between 6 and 20
May 1972 in Kilkenny, Ireland.
It was organized by Bord Failte

50 51
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

17. UNESCO - United Nations Project A Project C

Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Holiday Accommodation General equipment
Organization is a specialized
agency of the United Nations
(UN), founded in 1921 to promote Modern standard hotels are Wherever it happens, tourism
world peace and security through built all over the world, often in creates the need for a large
international cooperation in
areas of a historical character number of services and
education, arts, sciences and
culture. or natural beauty, destroying equipment such as waste
the quality of the environment. collection and disposal, toilets,
In Ireland, farmhouses and refreshment stands, signs,
similar buildings indigenous etc. Participants in this group
to the Soma countryside have studied design proposals in
been converted to provide line with the Irish landscape
holiday accommodation. that would meet the needs
The participants of this of international tourists. The
group studied this type of proposals included questions
development to broaden its of location, colour, materials
scope. and frequency, as well as
practical issues.

Project B
Transport Project D
Colours and materials
Cars and caravans are
unavoidable in conjunction with The particular characteristics
tourism, but often disfigure the of a region like Ireland are
cities and countryside visited. partly linked to the landscape,
Participants were asked to weather and climate, but
submit proposals for caravan they are also composed of
parks, picnic areas and other colours, materials and shapes.
rest areas, investigating the Participants were asked to Although the Interdesign Kilkenny Design Workshops Figure 2 - Group photo of
focused on conservation, also provided offices, participants at Interdesign
frequency and size of these study these characteristics
'72 Kilkenny. Ref: 05-2-1
structures, and how to design and prepare general the organising committee felt secretarial assistance and (uncatalogued). ICSID Archive,
or beautify them to reduce recommendations to be that the solution to many of workshops in Butler House, University of Brighton Design
the negative effects on the included in a reference manual, the problems outlined did not a new centre adjacent to the Archives.
environment. a guide for architects and lie in the return to traditional labs.
designers working to erect new techniques, but that could
buildings or structures in the be achieved with the use of Within two weeks it was
region. modern technology and its impossible to carry out a
potential. The designers were complete survey of the
divided, more or less arbitrarily, entire country, therefore a
into mixed nationality groups to representative area was
work on the different sections. selected. County Clare was
established as a field study
As in Minsk, group dynamics area and participants spent two
have been a phenomenon and a half days undertaking
worth exploring. Each group field studies in this area. West
quickly became an efficient of Kilkenny, bordered to the
operating team, with a much east by the River Shannon and
higher productivity rate than to the west by sandy beaches
in a normal professional overlooking the Atlantic Ocean,
situation. The official languages the county offers a wide variety
were English and French, but of tourist types; Shannon
interpreters were provided for Airport also offers easy access
participants in need. to both Europeans and North

52 53
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

18. W. H. Walsh, Organising the Americans. Participants stayed After all, «all the design ICSID BOARD
Seminar, in Design for Tourism: in typical accommodation introduced is foreign and Mr. Carl Auböck, President;
And Icsid Interdesign report, Mr. Henri Vienot, Past President;
Pergamon Press facilities, from castles to straw remains foreign until people Mr. Jurgen Hämer, Honorary
Ref: ICD/9- ICSID INTERDESIGNS cottages, analyzing the current find a way to use it on their Treasurer;
1971-1974 situation of the country. own»18. Therefore, they devised Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, Vice
methods to analyse needs and President;
Mr. Gui Bonsiepe, Vice President;
Although few of the designers influences, trace the interaction Mr. Kenji Ekuan, Vice President;
who participated in this between guest and host, Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières,
Interdesign had previous
experience in the tourism
industry, they were able to
quickly identify the problems
illustrate areas of common use,
expose problems and suggest
solutions to a country that
wants to maintain its identity
1974, CANADA Secretary General;
Mr. Richard Hollerith, Board
Member;
Mr. Martin Kelm, Board Member;
Mr. Juhani Salovaara, Board
and the approaches to be
implemented to arrive at
while being driven to change
by a growing flood of visitors.
Industrial Design and Small Communities Member;
Mr. Richard Stevens, Board
Member.
defined solutions. The Groups The suggestions and
have managed not only to conclusions developed
produce results in their specific are relevant to all countries
fields of study but also to relate engaged in the tourism trade,
individual projects within a namely a high percentage of
global conceptual framework. countries in the world.
The results were presented in
the form of drawings, models,
photographs and reports.
Initially, the ideas were
35 Port Hope-Cobourg
Ontario, Canada
August 1974
participants
rejected, considered
inappropriate and most likely
irrelevant because they came
from people who had only
spent two weeks in the country.

Development of an industry
The topic closely linked to the territory

54 55
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

19. ACID - Association of Canadian This chapter is based on the while the small community
Industrial Designers was founded review of documents stored in allows more interactions given
in 1948 to increase the knowledge,
skill and proficiency of Canadian the Brighton Design Archive the slower pace and easier
industrial designers promoting their inside folder 05-3-1. mobility. Canada, like many
value to industry and the public. other countries, faces rapid
ACID was one of the five Founding A community is nothing growth in metropolitan centres.
Members of ICSID in 1957.
more than the total sum of This centralization affects the
its residents, but its strength economy and quality of life of
and identity depend entirely smaller communities.
on the extent to which the
inhabitants can share the In August 1974, a team of 35
normal course of daily life. Most designers from 26 countries
communities host groups of came together to explore this
people who tend to be isolated issue in an Interdesign area of
from the mainstream, unable Port Hope-Cobourg in southern
to participate, and therefore Ontario. Organized by ACID
Figure 3 - Harbour Town.
Source: Design For Small unable to contribute. The - Association of Canadian
Communities, p93, Inderdesign elderly and the handicapped Industrial Designers 19 under
1974 Ontario, Canada are the frequent victims of this the patronage of the Ontario
Ref: ICD/9- ICSID INTERDESIGNS
exclusion, the voiceless. The government with the theme
1971-1974 (uncatalogued). ICSID
Archive, University of Brighton big city, in particular, tends to Industrial Design and Small
Design Archives. ignore these groups, Communities, it was the first
in the Western Hemisphere.
The study area consisted of
three elements, Port Hope,
Cobourg and Rice Lake. While
the latter’s character was
clearly defined, cities were
often seen as unique. Although The local government’s citizens who wanted to Figure 4 - Mind map: Design
they shared common traits response in the Port Hope- maintain a lifestyle in which For Small Communities, p106,
Inderdesign 1974 Ontario, Canada
and problems, their individual Cobourg area was to limit major people are more important than Ref: ICD/9- ICSID INTERDESIGNS
nature required different building developments. The plans or statistics. 1971-1974 (uncatalogued). ICSID
approaches. This designers to government was aware of the Archive, University of Brighton
take two distinctly character or high cost of providing services William Sloan, President of Design Archives.
identity had to be maintained or such as electricity, sewage, ACID, called the project «a
strengthened. water and roads, and did not search for an alternative to the
want their cities to become rapid growth of large cities by
Port Hope and Cobourg, simple dormitories for people improving the economic and 20. Ontario news release, February
5, 1974
being within easy reach of working elsewhere. Instead, environmental character of
major cities such as Oshawa both cities wanted to attract smaller communities to make
and Toronto, were becoming “clean” industries, which would them more attractive for living
potential satellite cities. One of not pollute local waterways, and working.»
the reasons behind this was the lakes or the atmosphere, nor It was a rare opportunity to
rapid rise in the cost of housing affect the whole quality of life. establish a dezsign process
in the subways. The workers involving the community. «In
were willing to travel long They wanted to encourage the the past, too much planning
distances to gain economic development of an industry has been imposed on people.
advantage. closely linked to the territory Working closely with people
When, around 1970, financial and its population. It was a affected by the change,
interests realized that this area community under earthquake: the workshop hopes to
was to be taken into account outside the walls, there were understand their real needs.
for greater growth, they investors, speculators, real We look forward to the active
responded with a wave of land estate brokers and government participation of the entire
speculation. planners; barricades were community.» 20

56 57
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

and care for visitors, etc. They Such ideas and concepts
distributed questionnaires to may not be entirely new or
learn what citizens liked and revolutionary. What is important
disliked about their community, is that design has been a tool
and what they expected from directly responsive to people’s
the future. needs, used to see more
All citizens were encouraged to clearly what they need in their
have a voice and to participate community.
in the Interdesign process.
To provide participants This Interdesign was a
with some guidelines, they prototype, a model process by
selected five areas of interest: which professionals worked to
production, services, leisure solve a community problem, a
and tourism, community process that is based on the
activities and the environment. skills of many specialists, not
This breakdown was not a only industrial designers but
rigid scheme; many areas sociologists, economists and
were interdependent and engineers, to name but a few.
overlapping. The key point of the Interdesign
method is an exchange, an
The designers have addressed interaction of talents. This
the human needs of the area, process also does not depend
studying the possibilities on international participation,
of new local manufacturing because it could be just as
industries through the effective to use people in a
application of industrial limited area.
design, assuming a healthy
development of the tourist and
recreational economy, and an «Over the last years I heard all sorts of comments about
Figure 5 - Some partecipants In Port Hope-Cobourg, In addition to providing improvement of community Interdesign - the one with the least understanding of
designers gathered for a seminar. designers were looking for relatively detailed background services through the use of
Source: https://wdo.org/ the meaning and possibilities of Interdesign was the
ways in which design could information on the area of cultural and historical heritage,
programmes/interdesign-through- one that they would be unrealistic, because it would be
the-years/ help small communities study, this document laid and the skills of the locals.
become more attractive, the foundations for an open They agreed that the impossible to treat any problem seriously in the short
and get better opportunities, dialogue between citizens and fundamental design choices period of time allocated to an Interdesign.
especially for young people. designers. During their many had to be made by the citizens An attitude like that shows, that the critic has not
field trips, participants met with themselves. As a result, their understood the basic of the idea and thinks about it in
The process was favoured by local citizens not only in formal work has produced several
terms of conventional working periods for conventional
the fact that residents were circumstances but also on the tools aimed at directly involving
aware that there is value in street, in factories, houses and citizens in the process. The tasks.
preserving what is good from pubs. design team has generated We know by now - and you demonstrated it beautifully
the past. ACID had presented several ideas, many of which in Canada - that in planning an Interdesign everything
the Interdesign in advance The aim was to develop propose improvements that depends on adjusting the theme as well as the scope of
to citizens through public concepts and not detailed can be implemented with
work to the thinking and working capacity of a qualified
meetings, to fully involve local solutions, proposals and not relatively little difficulty. They
organizations and individuals “things”. produced 396 drawings, number of persons over a given period of time.
throughout the project. During The designers focused not on several reports, a large number The danger of overreaching will obviously always exist,
these meetings, which brought the design of physical objects of photographs and over 40 but will be minimized by an intelligent approach.» 21
a warm response from the in terms of form, materials and hours of TV videotape with
communities, the locals helped processes, but on the study which they suggested, based Carl Aubock
outline part of the massive of activities in a community, on professional experience
design brief that was then sent such as the creation of goods, and personal contact with local 21. letter from Carl Aubock, ICSID
President, to Frank E. Dudas, 1975
to the participants about three the provision of services, citizens, alternatives to the Ref: 05-3-1
months before their arrival. recreational events, reception current way.

58 59
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

Although the Interdesign

method was still open
to experimentation, one
requirement was clear: for
full success, it needed a
true partnership between
governments, professionals
and citizens, all committed to
the common good.
It must be said that there
have also been problems and
disagreements, mainly due
to the encounter of strong
personalities and the ego of
people who are very equal
in status but with conflicting
ideas.

The first week was an

adaptation period during
which participants learned
to work together, helped
by the organizers through
surprise activities that tended
to take them away from their
immediate problems, such
as a model boat race or
entertainment at lunch from
a group of young mimes
Above: Figure 6 - Photograph of
travelling. The diversions the Interdesign ‘74.
of the second week were Source: https://wdo.org/
spontaneous and were created programmes/interdesign-through-
the-years/
when participants needed a
break.

In the upper left: Figure 7 -

Photograph of the final exhibition.
Source: https://wdo.org/
programmes/interdesign-through-
the-years/
In the lower left: Figure 8 -
Photograph of the final exhibition.
Source: https://wdo.org/
programmes/interdesign-through-
the-years/

60 61
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

ICSID BOARD The information contained here mind of the ordinary citizen.
Mr. Carl Auböck, President; is based on those released They concentrated in particular
Mr. Henri Vienot, Past President;
Mr. Jurgen Hämer, Honorary publicly by the WDO and on on three aspects:
Treasurer; some documents contained in > Graphics concerning
Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, Vice ICD/9- ICSID INTERDESIGNS everything printed and
President; 1975-1975, since at the issued by the post office.
Mr. Gui Bonsiepe, Vice President;
Mr. Kenji Ekuan, Vice President; time of my consultation the > Furniture, accessories and
Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières, Design Archives were not in equipment
Secretary General;
Mr. Richard Hollerith, Board
Member;
Mr. Martin Kelm, Board Member;
Mr. Juhani Salovaara, Board
1974, IRELAND possession of further material.

The post office is one of the

oldest examples of successful
> Interior decorations and
arrangement

Before departure, participants

Member;
Mr. Richard Stevens, Board
Design in the post office international cooperation, used
by each of us for the complex
were provided with some
general information about
Member.
services we provide and tend the weather conditions in
to take for granted. And it Ireland for the week and the
is precisely its international appropriate clothing, as well as
appearance that has made personal equipment to wear.
this subject suitable for an According to the final brief,
Interdesign. Each state has participants were to be divided
more or less identical functions, into three working groups to
24 Kilkenny, Ireland
10 - 23 August 1974
and the designs developed
for Kilkenny, a medieval city in
the southeast of Ireland, could
cover the selected aspects.
Each group had to decide on
its coordinator and specific
participants
have been applied with the design objectives to achieve.
necessary declinations on a Each participant also had to
world scale. Sponsored by the sign their work, and mark with
ICSID in collaboration with the numbers the drawings to be
Kilkenny Design Workshops, submitted to the final plenary
an excellent research and session. During the latter, the
development centre for Organizing Committee would
design funded by the Irish choose which proposals to
Government, this Interdesign develop later in collaboration
took place from 10 to 23 with KWD and the designers
August 1974. concerned.
The methodology used to arrive
Twenty-four students, twelve at these proposals, originating
design students from the from an assessment of the
Benelux and Scandinavia and existing situation, followed
twelve from Irish schools visited three steps:
five representative post offices 1. Briefing by Post Office
to ascertain the situation, and officials on services
then formed working groups in provided to the public
which to prepare drawings and 2. Field trips to representative
proposals. post offices in different
Since the post office is parts of Ireland
mainly concerned with 3. Working sessions.
communication, the purpose
Graphics,furniture and interior of this seminar was to propose Unfortunately, no further
The topic decoration of the post office various means to increase its information is available about
convenience for the general this Interdesign, as the folders
public, an attempt to align how are no longer in the possession
information was transmitted of the Design Archives of
and its image printed in the Brighton.

62 63
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

ICSID BOARD This chapter is essentially participants decided for 22. The Austrian Institute of Design
Mr. Kenji Ekuan, President; based on the review of themselves where they OeIF - Österreichisches Institut
Mr. Carl Auböck, Past President; für Formgebung was founded in
Mr. Richard Stevens, Treasurer; documents stored in the wanted to go. However, some 1958 by Austrian entrepreneurs
Mr. Richard Hollerith, Vice Brighton Design Archive inside adjustments had to be made and designers to increase product
President; Ms. Mary Mullin, Vice folder 05-3-2. as most Austrians had a real quality and competitiveness
President; interest in skiing, and tended through better design.
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Vice President;
Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières, In the 1970s, the change in to prefer the topic ‘Safety in
Secretary General; lifestyle from an essentially Wintersports’.
Mr. Herbert Ohl, Board Member;
Mr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Trägårdh, Board Member.
1975, AUSTRIA agricultural area to a tourist
area drastically influenced
Serfaus, a village in the
Landeck district of Tyrol.
To help participants
understand the topic, in
the previous months, the
organizers had prepared all
Safety in winter sports, local identity If the city wants to stay what it
is, in its uniqueness, and not
relevant information, books,
statistics, photos and reports.
become just another tourist During the first week of the
village in reinforced concrete, event, a series of conferences
some actions had to be taken and discussions with local
quickly. The local population experts and excursions to the
ignored their own traditions and nearby villages of St.Anton
values that surrounded them. and Innsbruck took place.
The tourist brochures talked The official languages were
20 Serfaus, Austria
6 - 20 April 1975
about time-beaten barns falling
apart. What is of real value is
often best defined by a who is
English and German, and in
some cases, especially at
the beginning, there were
participants
immersed in that reality. problems with understanding.
In April 1975, fifteen designers
from fifteen different countries The Interdesign was held
and five Austrian designers specifically in a hotel with
gathered in Serfaus in an full tourist function, the Hotel
Interdesign to find solutions Cervosa; this required a certain
that exalt the peculiarities flexibility. Some lessons were
of the territory. The event held outdoors, and the cellar
was organized by ÖIF - bar was adapted as a study.
Österreichisches Institut für This had advantages and
Formgebung 22, and sponsored disadvantages as it offered a
by the community of Serfaus work area, bar, dance floor,
under the patronage of the and music in one place. Given
Austrian Minister for Trade and that 20 individuals would
Industry. never work at the same times
To select the most suitable of day, the temptations and
candidates, ICSID sent three distractions of a film shown
questionnaires to each member while wanting to get on with the
company. job were difficult to overcome.
Nevertheless, the atmosphere
The themes, chosen, under the was friendly thanks to the spirit
general aspect of Leisure in of cooperation. Participants
winter, were sometimes worked up to
> Local identity of Serfaus small hours to compensate for
Local identity, models of safety (Komperdell) the time spent in sports and
The topic measures for winter sports > Safety in winter sports. relaxation activities available
The organizers had decided such as skiing, skating and
and selected the people who swimming.
should be part of each group, Participants worked in working
but very quickly the groups of no more than five

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

designers each, formed based Some examples were: On the left: Figure 8 - Interdesign
on interest and experience > strengthening regional ‘75 Austria Card with the signatures
of the participants. The design of
in the design task. The awareness for Sonnen- the card was produced without any
participants themselves set terrasse, including Serfaus computer software.
out the actual objectives and the neighbouring Source: WDO: Albun of Photos
and programmes, namely villages of Fiß and Ladis. from Icsid’s Archive, https://m.
facebook.com/pg/worlddesignorg/
to develop design concepts The common features photos/?tab=album&album_
and recommendations, not were underlined without id=10152259705934587
detailed solutions. Serfaus damaging the specific
was a small village that identity of each place;
offered the opportunity for a > proposals and ideas for the
free exchange of contacts development of a corporate 23. A regulation and guidance
between the local population identity, visual and verbal. system for all ski competitions and
and the participants. This has 3. Planning of the village of alpine events was approved in
1975 at the XXX International Ski
happened in both group and Serfaus Congress in San Francisco by FIS.
private sessions. FIS - The International Ski and
Snowboard Federation is the
Group II governing body for international
skiing and snowboarding, founded
Group I Safety in winter sports in 1924 during the first Olympic
Local identity Games in Chamonix, France,
Problems such as the to promote snow activities as a
At the time, Serfaus and development of the area, road healthy leisure recreation.
the surrounding region signs and auxiliary equipment
(Komperdell) wanted to create were analysed. There was a
their image that took into need to provide a solution to
account the characteristics the catering needs in the ski
of the area, the climate, local areas.
traditions and tourist and sports Winter sport is one of the most
needs, mainly winter. The most popular recreational activities;
important objective was to it is a sport for families, known
find a balance between nature also thanks to events such as
and the need for modern competitions and competitions,
tourism. Participants studied and media advertising. In
local conditions through addition to positive aspects,
intensive research to develop this mass activity leads to
a new local identity, symbiosis some negative consequences
between tourism, community, such as accidents, injuries,
tradition, folklore and natural insufficient catering areas in
and artificial environment. the area, waste, as well as
the destruction of the natural
The group’s methodology environmental structure.
followed three steps:
The security measures
1. Recording current status; introduced were mostly limited
visual impression; a at a national or regional level,
collection of positive and and only in those years had
negative aspects and some international agreements
facts in architectural, been concluded. 23
environmental, community This group aimed to develop,
services, activities/sports/ based on existing safety
leisure elements measures, future models,
2. Proposals as a basis for which would lead to the
action by the authorities creation of a manual on all
and the community. aspects of safety.

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

24. Ernst W. Beranek is an Austrian Most of the preparatory The last Friday afternoon, a ICSID BOARD
designer born on October 6, 1934. work, vocational guidance presentation exhibition was Mr. Kenji Ekuan, President;
Between 1957 and 1962 he Mr. Carl Auböck, Past President;
studied at the Vienna University and evaluation of the held in the hotel lobby to show Mr. Richard Stevens, Treasurer;
of Applied Arts in the Masterclass results were carried out by the results (sketches, photo- Mr. Richard Hollerith, Vice
of Architecture of Oswald Haerdtl, Professor Ernst Beranek 24 documentation, models and President; Ms. Mary Mullin, Vice
and Industrial Design of Franz and his team. The proposals written report) to sponsors, President;
Hoffmann. He has worked as a Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Vice President;
teacher of Industrial Design and advanced concerned including the Austrian Trade Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières,
Work Education and has been architecture, quality, folk art, Minister Dr Staribacher, patron Secretary General;
involved in numerous research
projects, such as designing
furniture for school, school
scholarships and help for the
elderly.
tourists, and natural history.
Recommendations included
the preservation of ancient
murals and local buildings,
of the event. The next day
the exhibition was opened
to the local population. As
with the rest of the event,
1975, BELGIUM Mr. Herbert Ohl, Board Member;
Mr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Trägårdh, Board Member.

severely eroded, planting more

trees and making information
the participation of the local
population was high, and
Urban traffic on a human scale
about Serfaus’s history more contacts and discussions were
easily accessible, especially for vivid and freely accepted. The
foreigners. exhibition created enormous
interest and heated discussions
even in the following hours.

27 Bruges, Belgium
6-20 July 1975
participants
Prof. Mag. Ernst W. Beranek
From DesignAustria

Road system, vehicle design

The topic and community participation

68 69
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

25.The Council of Europe declared This chapter is based on the Through the theme Urban
1975 the European Year of review of documents stored in Traffic on a Human Scale,
Architecture, to make the public
more aware of the irreplaceable the Brighton Design Archive Interdesign has explored the
cultural, social and economic inside folder 05-3-3. problem of chaos generated
values represented by historic by traffic in the dense fabric of
monuments, buildings and sites The city of Bruges, in the old streets and alleys in ancient
in both town and country. With the
intention of coordinating all efforts framework of the European cities. Twenty-seven designers
at European level, it drew up the Year of Architectural Heritage25, from 17 countries around the
Charter, which aims to develop hosted an Interdesign to study world have divided into five
a common European policy for transport systems in historic groups to develop a system of
the protection of the architectural
heritage. cities. Bruges was a perfect transport on a human scale,
model for this study, and for the local population and
26. The International Council on the solutions would provide tourists, without damaging the
Monuments and Sites - ICOMOS is prototypes for all the ancient historical fabric of the city and
a non-governmental international
organisation founded in 1965 cities. Known as the “Venice in a perspective of physical,
in Warsaw, dedicated to the of the North”, it is a medieval mental and social well-being.
conservation of the world’s city with a large number of The evolution towards a new
monuments and sites. It was born historic buildings, but it is transport system can only
as a result of the Venice Charter of
1964 and offers advice to UNESCO practically impossible to adapt come from an evolution of
on World Heritage Sites. the existing road system to the perspectives and ideas.
modern needs of traffic without Particular attention has been
27. UITP - Union Internationale destroying valuable historical paid to this psycho-social
des Transports Publics is the
International Association of Public sites. The main problem is aspect, which equally governs
Transport established in 1885. It that the existing traffic flow is information, finance and
is the only worldwide network to directed towards the city centre global control. We need to find
bring together all public transport where the market is located. solutions that can be discreetly
stakeholders and all sustainable
transport modes. In the summer, the problem is integrated into a historical
aggravated by the daily influx environment.
28. Jean-Jacques Stiefenhofer of thousands of tourist cars.
(1943-2013) was a Belgian artist Jean Jacques Stiefenhofer28 sense: pedestrian traffic, long-term planning. The plan Figure 9 - Icsid Interdesign in
that studied at the Hochschule für Bruges, 1975.
Gestaltung Ulm In 1967 he founded The Interdesign was organized was the coordinator of this cyclists, wheeled traffic, is based on two fundamental
Source: WDO: Albun of Photos
the product d ­ evelopment course of from 6 to 20 July 1975 at Interdesign: he chose to private and public traffic, and elements: an acceptable traffic from Icsid’s Archive, https://m.
the Nationaal Hoger Instituut voor the Collège de l’Europe by organize it flexibly and this stationary and moving traffic. model and a change of ideas, facebook.com/pg/worlddesignorg/
Bouwkunst en Stedenbouw, today the Institut Belge pour le contributed greatly to the Historically important cities like with a more ecological than photos/?tab=album&album_
part of the University of Antwerp. id=10152259705934587
He introduced the comprehensive Developpment de l’Industrial relaxed and productive climate. Bruges have specific needs economic approach.
multi­disciplinary design approach Design, in collaboration Participants worked in five regarding the traffic problem The planning measures to be
and the broad scientific basis that with the City of Bruges, groups on five themes. because the character value of taken also concern the factors
­characterized HfG Ulm. ICOMOS 26 and the Ministry the city is an important factor. that generate traffic; some
of Communications, with the Bruges is mainly a commercial activities that generate traffic, 29. First press release, Interdesign
‘75 Bruges. Source: 05-3-4
patronage of the International Group I and tourist centre. As such, at for example, may have to be
Council of Monuments and Road System Organization first glance, accessibility for prohibited or relocated.
Sites. traffic is paramount. Participants were divided
This seminar was part of the This group provided the into five subgroups, to study
follow-up to the structural backbone for the research of On the other hand, pedestrians in detail five aspects of the
plan drawn up for Bruges, an all subsequent themes. Traffic and cyclists should not be problem:
urban planning study whose is an important obstacle to the ignored. These see more and
guidelines were intended to revival of the centre of Bruges. more reduced space on the 1. The density of public
provide a forward-looking Saturation, noise, pollution road, with consequent safety transport concerning the
conservation policy for the and visual intrusion caused problems. Any reasonable flow of passengers.
next quarter of a century. The by traffic are all elements compromise between man 2. The use of private cars in
International Union of Public that must be systematically and car must be in favour of Bruges; at the time, cars
Transport 27 has made its counteracted. the former. And any direct occupied 76,000 m2 of the
documentation centre available The working group uses the measures to solve existing city centre, while only 6,400
to participants. term “traffic” in its broadest local problems must be part of m2 were for citizens. 29

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

3. The study of pedestrian Group II Group IV source of information for the

zones where people can Vehicle Design Vehicle Design working groups during the rest
walk, work, have fun, shop of the seminar. The groups
or just watch life. This group has articulated a A prediction was made of then participated in a pick-
4. Bikeway planning, a way development plan in three what Bruges would look like nick-tour throughout Bruges
of replacing automotive phases - immediate, one to ten years later, in 1985, if no where they discussed their
traffic. three years and three /ten changes were made. Some project and possible ways
5. St. Gillis, a neighbourhood years - following a global of the suggestions included to a solution with various
of the city, was analyzed policy that aims to “humanize” “a clean-up operation” to rid experts in small pubs and
as the prototype of transport through the creative Bruges of visual pollution, an cafes. Because each expert
what residential areas use of technology. Research identifying style of the city that was in a different position, the
could become if studies along three lines: included lettering, colours and tour allowed discussing in a
were made of one-way 1. a rethinking of the public uniformity, and bicycle parking more concentrated way and
road systems, parking transport system; disguised as cars. to study various parts of the
lots, green areas and 2. a series of highly city. Later the groups began
pedestrian areas. imaginative, non-polluting, to work separately on their
electric or foot-operated Group V projects. The Urban Planning
Research has shown that complementary private Participation Department provided large-
there is no definitive solution vehicles; scale maps that allowed
to the problem of traffic in the 3. Small pedestrian This group examined ways street-to-street analysis of the
centre; the solution must be assistance equipment that of involving the community situation.
flexible. But there are some would make walking or in the decision-making
basic principles. The solution shopping in the city much process regarding city life as At the start of the second
must be based on a strategy more enjoyable. a whole. What is the reason week, the working groups
that pays full attention to for the apathy of citizens? Is presented their intermediate
dynamic elements, such as the The ideas proposed are it real? Is there a desire for results on flexible and mobile
organisation of urban functions, part of a study of the basic participation? How to bring it cardboard walls in the plenary
public transport, and parking assumptions, 13 in all that the out? How to provoke it? The room. The meeting was
management, rather than the group believes should inform group used various methods: attended by representatives
change of static elements, the rational development of a direct contact in the street, of manufacturers and the
such as urban structure, transport system for a Bruges a questionnaire distributed transport sector, as well
widening of roads or removing returned to pedestrians. personally, and meetings with as representatives of local
obstacles. It was necessary to members of pressure groups authorities. All showed great
cure the disease and not only and representatives of official interest in the results obtained.
the symptoms. The group was Group III bodies. From this, it emerged The purpose of this mid-term
convinced that the long-term Urban Facilities that the public wants to be session was to coordinate
model would offer a better heard and wants to participate between groups and, in some
solution to the traffic problem Creative skills focused on in the decision-making cases, the discussion led to
in the centre, but political pedestrian areas deemed process. A participation a change of emphasis or the
feasibility required a change lifeless and in need of plan would provide at the creation of temporary working
of mind from the public. This is resuscitation. Some of the neighbourhood level an groups to solve a specific
why the temporary model was suggestions related to a new expression of the views of the problem.
considered the only solution. structure with the related local population. The 15 hectic days ended
equipment for three key sites with a report written by
in Bruges: the redesign of the journalists Guy Rouckaerts and
station area, a bus shelter and During the first three days, Géraldine des Cressonnières,
accessories for shelters such participants were accompanied the daughter of Josine des
as benches, tourist maps, by representatives of local Cressonnières.
dustbins, telephone, flower authorities on two bus tours,
pots etc. where they highlighted the
problems and discussed the
existing proposals. The entire
tour was recorded on video,
providing an ever-present

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

ICSID BOARD This chapter is based on the skills for today’s industrial 30. Sing Tao News Corporation
Mr. Kenji Ekuan, President; review of documents stored in society, sponsored by The Limited is a media corporation
Mr. Carl Auböck, Past President; founded in 1938 in Hong Kong.
Mr. Richard Stevens, Treasurer; the Brighton Design Archive Hong Kong Tourist Association, Its principal activities now
Mr. Richard Hollerith, Vice inside folder 05-4-7. The Hong Kong Trade comprise Media and Media-related
President; Ms. Mary Mullin, Vice Development Council and the operations, including traditional
President; In the 1970s, Hong Kong, on Sing Tao Newspapers Ltd.30 media spanning Newspapers,
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Vice President; Magazines, Recruitment Media and
Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières, the south coast of China, was a The objective was to examine Books, as well as online and mobile
Secretary General; British colony with a population and elaborate methods multi-media platforms.
Mr. Herbert Ohl, Board Member;
Mr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Trägårdh, Board Member.
1976, HONG KONG of more than 4 million. Of this
number, 98% were Chinese,
while the remaining 2% were
British, Portuguese, Indian,
to develop Hong Kong’s
traditional skills and crafts
from ancient China, to help
them survive in today’s
Traditional craft skil s for today’s industrial society American and Japanese,
whose cultural influence had
industrial society by identifying
economically viable purposes
produced a multicultural and products that, through
society. improvement, could attract
Hong Kong was a free port, wider consumer markets.
except for small tariffs on 14 foreign designers and 12
tobacco, alcohol, hydrocarbons designers from Hong Kong
and cars; Hong Kong participated in this Interdesign.
Hong Kong producers faced competition Ilmari Tapiovaara, a Design
26 29 November – 14
December 1976
in their domestic market
from highly sophisticated
industrialised countries.
Consultant at the United
Nations Industrial Development
Organisation, was invited as a
participants
The manufacturing industries of technical consultant.
Hong Kong were the backbone
of its economy: about 50% of Production techniques had
the population was engaged been passed down from
in this sector, which made generation to generation, and
this colony the second most in many cases, artisans still
important industrial centre in used tools similar to those
Asia. This industry developed used by their ancestors in
as a subcontractor industry; past centuries. Due to rising
its manufacturers produced population expectations and
according to the designs and more lucrative job opportunities
specifications of the overseas in manufacturing, many of
importer. These items were the old crafts were becoming
produced in small workshops obsolete. After studying these
or at home, requiring little craft skills, designers divided
capital investment. into small mixed groups and
In recent years Hong Kong assisted by design students
was trying to exploit its creative from Hong Kong Polytechnic,
capacity. worked on specific skills to
The tourism industry is the determine what can survive
second largest foreign in an industrial society, both
currency earner in Hong Kong, as refined craftsmanship and
thanks also to the wide variety as production processes.
of duty-free products from Participants managed
Local identity, models of safety around the world. to modernize and make
The topic measures for winter sports financially attractive several
In 1976 the Hong Kong artifacts, introducing some
Industrial Design Council mechanization. They proved
organized an Interdesign on that skills could be adapted to
the theme Traditional craft industrial processes.

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

31.Susan Yuen (unknown - 1980) Interdesign ended with an ICSID BOARD

has been a key figure in the HK exhibition of traditional crafts at Mr. Kenji Ekuan, President;
Federation of Industries (FHKI), the Mr. Carl Auböck, Past President;
HK Productivity Council (HKPC), Hong Kong Polytechnic. Mr. Richard Stevens, Treasurer;
the HK Trade Development Council Mr. Richard Hollerith, Vice
(TDC) and the HK Management The success of this Interdesign President; Ms. Mary Mullin, Vice
Association (HKMA) since their was very troubled because President;
inception in the early 1960s. Her Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Vice President;
crucial role in the eradication of of the organizational and Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières,
tuberculosis in Hong Kong with the communicative problems that Secretary General;
anti-tuberculosis association HK
in the 1950s earned her a place
in the biographical dictionary of
Chinese women. She was the
second woman elected as a fellow
almost led to its cancellation,
or at least to the removal of the
ICSID from the project.
These were caused by
1976, NORTHERN IRELAND Mr. Herbert Ohl, Board Member;
Mr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Trägårdh, Board Member.

to the International Academy

of Management and served as
a misunderstanding of
the importance of the
The designer and the creation of employment
Secretary General of the World
organizational modalities of
Packaging Organization, and Chair
of the Export Group on Shipping such an event.
opportunities
and Ports of the Economic and Susan Yuen31, Director of
Social Commission for Asia and the the Hong Kong Industrial
Pacific. In 1978 she became vice
chair of the APO and was slated to Design Council had started
become chair in 1980. printing information brochures
on Interdesign on a take- Ulster College,
32. Letter of Kenji Ekuan to Josine
des Cressonieres, 22 March 1976.
Ref: 05-4-7
it-or-leave-it basis, without
consulting or sending drafts in
advance to the ICSID. 32
24 Northern Ireland
28 August - 11
participants September 1976
33. Letter of Carl Aubock, ICSID
President, to Susan Yuen, Industrial
Design Council, 4 March 1976.
Ref: 05-4-7

«It is certainly not ICSID who can or cannot be affiliated to a local

event according to the organizers' goodwill or discretion, but it is on
the contrary, a local event wich on the strength of its content, purpose
and quality can become an ICSID Interdesign.» 33

Carl Aubock

Development of new and

The topic existing industries

76 77
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

34. From the late 1960s through the This chapter treats the for being in the wrong place at
late 1990s, Northern Ireland was information of documents the wrong time.
scarred by a period of violence
known as the Troubles. This era inside folder 05-4-2 kept in the IRA was using bombs against
was fraught with car bombings, Brighton Design Archive. economic targets and killed
riots, sniper attacks, roadblocks, many civilians 34. Richard
and revenge killings, and had the Northern Ireland is a small Stevens 35, Design Manager
characteristics of a civil war.
The Troubles were seeded by the country with an area of of Telecommunications
conflict between the Protestant 14,000 km2. About a third of Headquarters, in a letter to
unionists, who desired the province the population lives in and Josine des Cressonnieres
to remain part of the United around the capital, Belfast. reassured the ICSID of the
Kingdom, and the Roman Catholic
nationalists, who wanted Northern With the growth of the capital, security measures taken,
Ireland to become part of the the country, originally a necessary but discreet. He
Republic of Ireland. While Ireland predominantly agricultural argued that reality was not
was fully independent, Northern community, became catastrophic as described by
Ireland was still under British
rule. The Catholic communities in increasingly industrialized. the media and that life went
cities like Belfast complained of These changes have led to on normally, albeit with some
discrimination by the Protestant- a high unemployment rate of restrictions.36 Twenty-four
controlled government and police 10% of the working population. participants, 12 from Northern
forces. Tensions flared into
violence in the late 1960s, leaving Many were experienced Ireland and 12 from other
about 3,600 people dead and workers with industrial skills. countries, spent two weeks
more than 30,000 injured. The The government had made producing proposals, applying
Troubles came to an end in 1998 several efforts to reduce their expertise to understand
with the signing of the Good Friday
Agreement. unemployment through whether Northern Ireland’s
financial incentives, but much resources could be better
35. Richard Stevens (1924 - of the employment generated exploited, and whether more
1997) was Royal Designer in depended heavily on factors indigenous industries could be
Industry. He graduated in Physics
at Regent Street Polytechnic, outside Northern Ireland and, developed.
and first worked as a lighting as a result, there was no sense Due to the nature of the theme,
technician with Siemens (1942- of security. This was amply it was decided to include
53). From 1954-63 he was chief demonstrated by the the experts in topics other than
designer at Atlas Lighting, and
then became industrial design factories forced to close due to industrial design. A sociologist
manager of Standard Telephones the marketing policy decisions was invited because of the
and Cables Ltd (1963-69). For of the parent organizations in complicated interactions
14 years Stevens was head of all Britain and other countries. between social, economic and
industrial design for Post Office
Telecommunications, later British political factors; a marketing
Telecom (1969-83). He received To find a solution to the expert was involved to provide
three Design Centre personal problem, Northern Ireland advice on the needs of the
Polytechnic in collaboration Province and the development
with ICSID organized an of export opportunities. Finally,
In the upper right: Figure 10 -
NORTHERN IRELAND. Derry. Interdesign at Ulster College producers were involved for
Rioters throw stones at a British from August 28 to September their intimate knowledge or
armored car. 1972. Gilles Peress 11, 1976. The campus is problem.
Source: History collection, 40 located in a quiet countryside
Photographs of The Troubles, The
Northern Ireland Conflict, about 12 kilometres from «This sort of problem is very
Jacob Miller / Getty Images Belfast. Initially, there were much to my mind - the area
many doubts about the choice
In the lower right: Figure 11 - A of the place due to fears due to of future expansion for the
young Catholic rioter throws a designer’s profession: service
stone at a British armored jeep the political situation. In those
during a rally in Londonderry years, the conflict between rather than products; human
protesting the recent Bloody the Catholic and Protestant and social problems rather than
Sunday killings. March 2, 1972. communities of Ulster was
Source: History collection, 40 economic growth.» 37
Photographs of The Troubles, The in full swing. In the evening,
Northern Ireland Conflict, Belfast was a ghost town,
Jacob Miller / Getty Images where you risked being killed Josine des Cressonnieres

78 79
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

awards and a gold medal at the Participants had to produce Employment in agriculture had coordination and marketing with those of the organizers. 38. Letter of Josine des
1957 Milan Triennale. He was general descriptions of product fallen significantly between for small units providing Concept designs would only Creasonnieres to Mary Mullin of 19
elected as President of the Society August 1976. Ref: 04-4-2
of Industrial Artists and Designers types, including some visual 1956 and 1976. There was specialized technologies. be released if they could
(1972-73). In 1977 he won the identity ideas, marketing a need for more skills and They also hypothesized the demonstrate direct local use. 39. Follow-up: Report by Mary
RSA Presidential Award for Design proposals, export potential new techniques to manage type of this specialization, for This situation reflected the V. Mullin, ICSID Board Meeting
Management. and manufacturing methods. large farms efficiently. The the realization of handmade concerns expressed by Brussels - January 77. Ref: 04-4-2

36. Letter of Richard In addition, all groups had contribution of the designers furniture of the highest quality Josine des Creasonnieres
Stevens, Design Manager of to comment on government was mainly at the system level. or groups of specific products, in a letter to Mary Mullin,38 in
Telecommunications Headquarters, development plans and the > The gourmet food market; through the use of unusual or which she noted how some
to Mme Josine des Cressonnieres, possibility of setting up a eel fishing and oyster farms local materials. Northern Irish of the projects could require
1 April 1976. Ref: 04-4-2
Design Centre tailored to meet > Packaging; for the export of products, although individual participants to design, free
37. Letter of Josine des the needs of Northern Ireland. food with a regional identity and peculiar to each company, of charge, products that
Cressonnieres to Richard Stevens The projects, divided into > Equipment for production had to have a recognizable can improve the exports of
Esq., Design Manager of two categories, covered five and transport in the dairy family identity. a particular company. He
Telecommunications Headquarters,
26 March 1976. Ref: 04-4-2 industrial sectors: sector. stressed the need to ensure
Following Interdesign, a that subsequent Interdesigns
The proposed new methods for Newry cooperative started could not be transformed into
handling oysters have received the construction of prototypes an exploitation of designers’
EXISTING INDUSTRIES considerable attention from of the projects created by talent.
the Department of Agriculture - the participants in view of
I. The construction industry Fisheries, interested in a follow- production. One producer in
up to the project. Belfast was strongly interested V. Aid for disabled people
Innovation in this field in pursuing the idea of
was considered to be of collaboration between different The government, aware of
fundamental importance in III. The furniture industry furniture companies. its responsibilities towards
reducing unemployment. disabled people, imposed
About 50,000 people had It was a relatively small sector an obligation on employers
relevant skills in this field, employing about 5000 people, to recruit a proportion of
such as masons, carpenters, with a fairly large domestic NEW INDUSTRIES people from a register of
plumbers and electricians, market and export potential. disabled people. There were
and of these a quarter were It consisted of small family IV. Leisure clothing and two ways of creating jobs
unemployed. Some areas businesses with a cynical equipment in this area: by providing
of interest for the study vision of design, producing more profitable work for the
concerned: mainly copies of English There was a growing trend handicapped, by product
> New buildings and products. The two means of towards leisure activities, which design for the employment
components improving the profitability of the offered space for the design of the handicapped, and
> Use of new materials industry were: and manufacture of marketable by designing aids for the
> Conversion and > create a very large clothing and equipment handicapped.
maintenance of existing production unit through on a world scale. Northern A group of students from Ulster
building stock high financial investments Ireland had a high interest College, following Interdesign,
> develop many small in sports activities and work worked to modify machinery
Participants designed specialized units in place experience in the production that would allow disabled
staircases, gate pillars and of many existing small of fibres, textiles and clothing. people to produce leather
panel roofing systems, projects companies that tried The possibilities in this area jewellery and accessories
that attracted the interest of a to produce everything included: designed by participants.
local company working with themselves. > Clothing for participants in
glass-reinforced concrete. sporting activities As a direct emanation of
Bearing in mind the current > Clothing for spectators Interdesign, the Polytechnic
shortage of funds, the last wanted to start an Industrial
II. The food industry solution was the most feasible. Following Interdesign, a boat Development Agency that
The designers hypothesized company was very anxious to would not only rationalize the
This project covered all the establishment of a design have designs for sailing and existing consultancy work but
aspects of food production, cooperative, useful to provide boating, but their intentions would generate ideas for new
processing and marketing. design control, production were not exactly compatible works.39

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ICSID BOARD This chapter is based on the United Nations.40 40. In 1973, in Geneva, at the Inter-
Mr. Kenji Ekuan, President; review of documents stored in There are different types and Agency Meeting on Rehabilitation
Mr. Carl Auböck, Past President; of the Disabled, a strengthening of
Mr. Richard Stevens, Treasurer; the Brighton Design Archive degrees of disability in the coordination and planning in the
Mr. Richard Hollerith, Vice inside folder 05-4-4. world, and each one brings field of rehabilitation of persons
President; Ms. Mary Mullin, Vice different needs. To limit the with disabilities was proposed.
President; People of all ages, from problem, they decided to The meeting was attended by
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Vice President; representatives of the United
Mrs. Josine des Cressonnières, children to the elderly, focus on people over sixty, Nations, UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF,
Secretary General; may suffer from decreased and on disabled people ILO, UNESCO, WHO, the Council
Mr. Herbert Ohl, Board Member;
Mr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Trägårdh, Board Member.
1977, USSR faculties. Everyday items, as
well as private and public
environments, were designed
for people in full possession
who suffer from a certain
degree of reduction in the
use of their legs. The theme
of this Interdesign has been
of World Organizations Interested
in the Handicapped (CWOIH),
and the International Social
Security Association. In 1976
the UN General Assembly urged
Design for the aged and the handicapped of all their faculties. There was
a social urgency to plan for
developed in five briefs, for the
needs of disabled and elderly
that all Member States take into
account the recommendations
outlined in the Declaration on the
the needs of the handicapped people living alone or in a Rights of Disabled Persons when
and the elderly, following the family, who want to carry out formulating policies, plans and
basic principle that there was domestic tasks, work and move programmes, and proclaimed 1981
no need to develop special from one place to another. the International Year for Disabled
Persons.
objects, but ordinary objects
that took into account the
needs and requirements of Group I
28 Kharkiv, USSR -
currently Ukraine
July 1977
these categories of people.
In many countries, the
retraining of the handicapped
Kitchen suitable for a city
dwelling for a family of three
to five, including an elderly
participants
and the elderly with reduced relative over the age of sixty.
physical capacity was a real
social problem. Increasing There was a social need to
their self-confidence by making reduce the efforts that older
socially productive work people, because of their
possible would improve their diminished physical abilities,
physical and moral well-being. had to make in the daily routine
of domestic work. These efforts
The issue was addressed were more demanding in the
in July 1977 in Kharkiv, case of cooking activities,
Ukraine, during an Interdesign where the elderly could play
organized by ICSID and VNIITE a greater role in the daily life
at the Institute of Industrial of the family. The goal was
Arts. The seminar was directed to analyze the problems and
by Yuri Soloviev, Chairman of make design proposals for a
the Organizing Committee, kitchen with an area from 8 to
John Reid, Coordinator, 16 square meters, including
Vladimir Munidov and equipment necessary for the
Vladimir Lukashov. Twenty- performance of all normal
eight participants from 12 household activities and
countries were divided into five storage systems for various
groups to address the theme types of food and kitchen
design for the aged and the utensils. Designers also
handicapped. had to take into account
Interior, furniture and public There was also an official lighting, ventilation, heating
The topic bus design for handicapped delegate of the CWOIH - and possibly noise control to
Council of World Organizations create a pleasant environment.
Interested in the Handicapped, The group presented two
a non-governmental alternative projects, in an
organization recognized by the attempt to make arrangements

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

for all kinds of situations that reduced locomotion capacity

might arise in the kitchen. could do many more tasks
They made arrangements in the home, office or factory
that are of special importance if they owned a properly
for the elderly and disabled, designed chair. Such a chair
such as the absence of sharp could greatly contribute to
angles in the equipment. All the physical and mental
proposals took into account well-being by increasing
the functional limitations of the their independence and
elderly, focusing on safety and self-sufficiency. The seat,
convenience of use. back and arm supports had
to be adjustable along both
axes, partially padded, and
Group II covered with a porous and
Compact kitchen for two hygienic fabric. The chair
people, suitable for the also had to be convertible
disabled or elderly who suffer from a working position to one
from a reduction in their ability suitable for rest or relaxation,
to use their legs. as many of these people get
tired more easily. Taking into
This group focused on the account the ergonomics and
design of a kitchen for the relevant regulations, the group
disabled and/or elderly people proposed a handy and height-
living alone, to facilitate the adjustable seat, the mechanics
performance of household of which allowed the user to
tasks. For this reason, the sit almost vertically or almost
designers paid particular horizontally.
attention to the ergonomics
of the project, and to those
specific points that have an Group IV
impact on the physical defects Workstation for disabled
of disabled people. The kitchen seamstress-driver.
could be a separate room of 8
/12 square meters, or a niche Rehabilitation of people with
of 3-7 square meters arranged significant physical disabilities
in another room. Therefore, is a social and economic
the group submitted two problem for many countries.
alternative projects depending Specialized equipment could
on the space available. Some allow many people with partial
of the measures envisaged use of the legs or with a total
concerned the lower space disability to work both in the
of the equipment, left free to factory and at home. The group
accommodate a wheelchair, aimed to devise a system
the main work surfaces on the with a series of modular units
same level, and the controls that could be assembled to
through buttons. adapt to a specific job or the
individual physical needs of
the worker concerned. The
Figure 12 - Working groups at Group III workstation designed by the
Interdesign '77, page 8 of the
ICSID Report. Ref: ICD/9- ICSID
Mobile work chair for the group was suitable for use in
INTERDESIGNS 1975-1977 disabled or elderly. wheelchairs and was equipped
(uncatalogued). ICSID Archive, with easily accessible controls
University of Brighton Design Many elderly and disabled that could be operated without
Archives.
people who suffer from the use of legs.

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

41. Trascription from tapes Group V The first week was devoted to ICSID BOARD
accompanying slide shof of the study of information and Dr. Yuri Soloviev, President;
Reduced-fare urban bus
Interdesign Kharkov. Ref: 05-4-4 Mr. Kenji Ekuan, Past President;
suitable for the disabled and requirements, the analysis of Mr. Herbert Ohl, Honorary
the elderly. problems, the delineation of Treasurer;
objectives and the formulation Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, Vice
of ideas; during the second President;
Although modern urban buses
Mr. André Ricard, Vice President;
were an important form of week, the partecipants Mr. Jan Trägårdh, Vice President;
transport, they were rarely selected the best ideas and Mr. Yoshio Nishimoto, Secretary
designed for the needs of the
elderly and disabled. There
was a need to pay special
attention to making the ascent
transformed them into design
solutions, presented in the
form of about 100 drawings
(800 sheets in total) for the final
1978, MEXICO General;
Mr. Ryszard Bojar, Board Member;
Mr. Dirk Jacobs, Board Member;
Ms. Francoise Jollant, Board
Member;
and descent process as easy
as possible, eliminating steps
discussion. 41 Alternative energy sources - wind and solar Mr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Board
Member.

and obstacles. The seats

also had to be designed to
energy for use in rural areas in Mexico
reduce the effort required to sit
and stand, providing secure
support. Finally, wheelchairs
had to be adequately spaced
and secured in a safe position.
In the time available, designing
a complete vehicle was not
possible. Despite this, the
30 Mexico City, Mexico
16-30 November 1978
participants
group proposed a concept for
a public bus based on vertical
transverse frames that gave
the possibility to lower the floor
level to facilitate boarding and
descent. The interior design
was based on the compartment
principle, providing additional
comfort to people in
wheelchairs.

Implementation of new forms of

The topic energy for rural areas

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

42. CODIGRAM - Colegio de This chapter treats the to the increasing demand Group I Group V program to promote Mexico’s
Disenadores Industriales y Graficos information of documents for energy sources, in the economy with heavy investments
Greenhouse Wind pumps
de Mexico, is a Civil Association in the national oil industry following
founded in 1975 that encourages inside folder 05-5 kept in the face of dwindling resources, the discovery of new deposits in
and promotes the professional Brighton Design Archive. such as oil, and the technical The goal of this group was to Being necessary for water Chiapas, Tabasco and in the rich
practice of Industrial Designers problem of extracting or devise simple structures that transfer and as generators for Sonda de Campeche.
and Graphic Designers mainly from In 1977 the Colegio de transforming alternative people could build themselves, the local electricity supply,
Mexico City.
Disenadores Industriales sources such as hydroelectric to apply to their existing rural the group was responsible for
43. UNIDO - United Nations y Graficos de Mexico 42 and thermonuclear power, homes, or self-supporting designing a wind-powered
Industrial Development proposed an Interdesign on or tar sands. Although the structures in groups and/or water pump.
Organisation is the specialized the theme The Business of basic technical concepts of clusters, as well as means to
agency of the United Nations born
in 1966 to promote and accelerate Craft Design. The proposal, solar and wind energy are collect heat from the sun to The first week was devoted
sustainable industrial development, announced at the 10th centuries old, only recently provide hot water. to lectures and informative
recognizing its role in achieving Biennial ICSID Congress and the industrial application of discussions, which took place
gender equality and the economic General Assembly held in these techniques aroused at the CENAPRO National
empowerment of women.
Dublin in September 1977, great interest from both Group II Productivity Centre Building.
44. source: UNIDO, https:// was sponsored by UNIDO43 industrialized and developing Communication This choice proved to be
www.unido.org/sites/default/ with the support of public countries. By the end of the frustrating for participants
files/2010-11/MoU_re_Allocation_ bodies and other Mexican 1970s, the imminent depletion The project concerned the who would have preferred a
of_Common_Services_31.3.1977_0.
pdf design organizations. of oil resources was already study of technology transfer shorter information period, or
For the Memorandum of known, which would no longer and the implementation of information to be disseminated
45. Mary V. Mullin is Chairman of Understanding between the be able to cover the growing design innovation. They in advance.
the Sir Misha Black Awards for ICSID and UNIDO, drawn up in demand of industry in large analyzed and presented the The opening of the event
Distinguished Services to Design
Education, a Regional Adviser 1977,44 the two organizations metropolises. Transforming difficulties of introducing in Mexico City, therefore,
to ICSID and its first woman Vice agreed to work together on traditional equipment by foreign technology into a gave the participants an
President. She has been a UNIDO projects of mutual interest, adapting it to new forms of community. unsatisfactory impression,
consultant in Latin America and in particular those relating to energy is expensive and would the lessons seemed to be
was the National Chairman of the
Design and Industries Association developing countries. The be accomplished only by a few somewhat naive, and not up to
in the UK. She served as Secretary initial briefing was presented countries. Group III the standard expected by an
General of the International Council by ICSID member Ms Mary Grain drying with solar energy event of this type.
of Graphic Design for 14 years Mullin45 who, with financial help The objective of Interdesign Conferences and seminars are
and was Founding Trustee of their
educational Foundation. V. Mullin from UNIDO, had planned a was therefore to provide The theme was the creation often an endless repetition of
is also a Founding Member of the mission to Mexico in January new alternatives, working of systems and structures for documents and speeches. The
Crafts Council of Ireland, Founding 1978. to solve the problems in coffee and cereal dryers using Interdesign method instead
Director of the National Centre of transforming these sources, solar and wind energy. The can provide a new approach
Culture and Arts in Dublin, and
worked with Kilkenny Design A change of government in simpler and less expensive group designed a grain drying to the problem, awakening the
Workshops. She is an Honorary Mexico in 197746 led to a re- than traditional sources, into system based on functionality, interest and motivation of many
Fellow of the Royal College of evaluation of all the projects profitable resources, especially stability, expressiveness and people from different fields.
Art, The University of the Arts in promoted by the previous as regards the production of construction. Allowing Interdesign to return
Bournemouth, the International
Society of Typographic Design government. This resulted in equipment, distribution, use, to the classic approach of
and an Honorary Life Fellow of an interruption of about six etc. The program included a frontal lessons was a mistake.
the Royal Society of Arts (RSA). In months, and consequently, a discussion of design practice, Group IV
November 2011 she became the reduction in budget and timing. a visit to technical centres and Biomass digesters The participants then moved
first Irish person to be awarded
the RSA’s Bi-Centenary Medal “for However, the Colegio de solar energy production sites, to Valle de Bravo, where
encouraging and Promoting Design Disenadores and its organizing seminars, presentations and The task was to devise Interdesign went live. To make
Across Education and industry”. committee decided to continue conclusions. digestion systems for waste. the work more concrete, the
the preparations. From 16 to 30 November The group devised a digester groups took as an example
46. In July 1977 José López Portillo
was elected unopposed at the Following the change of 1978, 10 Mexican designers, design that allows changes an experimental farm in San
General elections held in Mexico, government, the original theme 10 Latin American designers to materials and sizes to be Miguel/Cuetzatlan, a coffee-
as he was the only candidate. of Interdesign was revised and and 10 international designers applied to the specific needs of growing region. Attempting to
Mexico was in the mid of an a new theme was proposed, gathered in Mexico City, each location. improve the potential of the
economic crisis; the peso was
devalued for the first time in 22 Alternative Energy Sources: divided into groups to work on farm while maintaining a high
years. Portillo was prudent in terms Wind and Solar Energy for use 5 specific themes. degree of independence, the
of expenses and investments and in Rural Areas in Mexico. This managers relied mainly on their
decided to undertake a developing theme was chosen in response capacities and the provision of

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

47. IDSA - The Industrial local materials and resources, But the real sore point of the ICSID BOARD
Designers Society of America is a refraining as far as possible whole organization has been Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, President;
membership-based not-for-profit Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Past President;
organization established in 1965 from external financing. the absence of ICSID, due Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain,
by the Industrial Designers Institute to misunderstandings in the Honorary Treasurer;
(IDI), the American Society of Based on previous professional coordinator’s choice. First, Mr. Ryszard Bojar, Vice President;
Industrial Designers (ASID), and experience, experienced they named Ms Mary Mullin, Ms. Carla Venosta, Vice President;
the Industrial Designers Education Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary
Association (IDEA) to promote the designers tended to use due to her familiarity with General;
practice and education of industrial theory and methodological Interdesign. Later, however, Mr. Dirk Jacobs, Board Member;
design. When IDSA was formed, it
consisted of about 600 members in
10 chapters across the country.
approaches as a tool, while the
less experienced tried to solve
problems on a general basis.
This has sometimes made it
the ICSID Council preferred to
charge someone well aware of
solar energy issues. The ICSID
commissioned David Teague,
1979, NORWAY Ms. Francoise Jollant, Board
Member;
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board
Member;
Mr. H.K. Vyas, Board Member;
difficult to achieve tangible
results.
a member of the IDSA - The
Industrial Designers Society
Design for Small and Medium-sized Industries Mr. Knut Yran, Board Member.

Furthermore, highly qualified of America 47 and only shortly

professionals have found before the start of Interdesign,
it difficult to simplify their to be informed that Mr Teague
approaches to adapt them to could only have attended the
the conditions of rural areas in event on November 24, which
Mexico and other developing is half the event. UNIDO’s
countries. Being able to contribution in the preparation,
simplify complex problems is
a challenge that can only be
achieved through a human
implementation and opening
phase has somewhat resolved
the shortcomings of the lack of
30 Voss, Norway
29 April - 12 May 1979
participants
approach, and through a coordinator.
the ability to listen and be
understood by people from
totally different cultural and
socio-economic contexts.

Promotion of industrial
The topic designer’ profession in SMEs

90 91
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

48. NGID - Norwegian Group of This chapter treats the responsibility of Mr Knut «During our first meeting we had the projects developed. By 52. Small-firm patients at Norway’s
Industrial Designers information of documents Andersen who with difficulty the end of Interdesign, 10 had design surgery”, Christine Walker,
inside folder 05-6-2 corserved had obtained the necessary to sell ourselves as a profession. already declared their intention
Design/UK, July 1979. Ref:05-6-2
49. NCID - Norwegian Council
of Industrial Design. NCID had in the Brighton Design Archive. funds from the Ministry of Then we had to prove that we to continue the work. But the
representation from the Council Industry. Terje Meyer 51, were not lying.» 52 most important fact is that the
of Norwegian Industries, the Production accounts for president of NGID, produced Ministry of Industry has been
Norwegian Council of Export, the
Norwegian Ministry of Industry, the just over 20% of Norway’s an organizational structure Terje Meyer keeping a happy eye on the
Norwegian Civil Service, and ID. gross domestic product and for Interdesign together with way its money has been spent,
employs about a quarter the organizational group. and Norwegian designers now
50. ID - Norwegian Group of of its workforce. After the The theoretical group, on the had a new and powerful ally.
Industrial Designers
war, there was a gradual other hand, was responsible
51. Terje Meyer (1942 - 2020) reduction in import tariffs on for selecting the criteria
was a Norwegian industrial industrial products. Thus, on which the choice of
designer who diplomated in Arts competition has increased and participating producers was
and Crafts in 1965 from SHKS in
Oslo, Norway. He was a member manufacturers face increasing made. Fourteen companies
of the Norwegian Industrial Design penetration of foreign goods were selected with concrete
Council (1978–81) and was elected that are often both cheaper problems that could be solved
chairman of the Norwegian Society and better designed. The in fourteen days. They were
of Industrial Designers (1976-80),
board member of the Norwegian Norwegian industry has chosen companies employed in the
Society of Crafts and Design (1976- to fight on the price front. By fields of mechanics, electricity
77), and board member of ICSID the late 1970s, there was still and electronics, metallurgy
(1981-85). no formal industrial design and plastics. They had no
training in Norway; designers experience in using industrial
emerged from disciplines such designers. The case histories
as engineering, architecture, of these factories formed the
and graphics. The profession final brief and work base.
was not very widespread: the
NGID 48 comprised about 50 The Voss Interdesign was the
people. But small numbers, first to address the specific
mostly concentrated in Oslo, needs of individual maintainers,
encouraged a high degree proposing practical solutions.
of communication and The idea was to persuade on
cooperation. the usefulness of the figure
Between 29 April to 12 May of the industrial designer
1979 in Voss, an Interdesign through practical examples.
was run to promote the use of The aim was to develop
industrial designers in small specific products for these
industries and illustrate the small businesses suited to
remarkable skills that this the particular needs of each,
profession has available, but which could be the basis for
that has so far been so rarely further future cooperation. The
used. It was organized by applicants, 30 a total, of which
NCID 49 in cooperation with ID50 half were Norwegian, were
at the Park Hotel, Liland, Voss. asked which of the products
of the selected manufacturers
Voss is a popular tourist resort they preferred not to work on.
located in the heart of the They were then divided into
Norwegian mountains about five groups of five components
1/2 hours by train from Bergen. each, to work directly with
Planning began a year earlier companies.
when a core of 10 designers The results have, in most
was divided into two groups: cases, thrilled small
one theoretical and the other businesses, eager to continue
organizational, under the collaborations and bring to light

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ICSID BOARD This chapter is based on the Juhani Salovaara 55 ORNAMO 53. HDC -The Hungarian Design
Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, President; review of documents stored in Finnland.56 Council is an advisory board
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Past President; founded by a decree of the Council
Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain, the Brighton Design Archive The organizers defined the of Ministers in 1975 to improve the
Honorary Treasurer; inside folder 05-6-1. general goal «To analyse, Hungarian design culture and raise
Mr. Ryszard Bojar, Vice President; conceptualize and proposed the competitiveness of the national
Ms. Carla Venosta, Vice President; The industrial design applied certain solutions, which serve economy through design-driven
Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary innovation. It was in charge of the
General; to medical and preventive the healing of patients mainly in theoretical and economic aspects
Mr. Dirk Jacobs, Board Member; care is a topic of global social diagnostic and curing methods of design.
Ms. Francoise Jollant, Board
Member;
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board
Member;
Mr. H.K. Vyas, Board Member;
1979, HUNGARY importance as it touches every
human being. The man-centred
character of this topic required
an international exchange
of health-care delivery.» 57 The
general theme of the seminar
was divided into several sub-
themes, treated in smaller
54. Janos Szentágothai (1912 -
1994) was a Hungarian anatomist,
Professor of Anatomy at the
University of Pécs (1947-63) and
Mr. Knut Yran, Board Member. Design for medical purposes of ideas. For this reason,
the Hungarian Industrial
groups under the direction of a
coordinator.
Budapest (1963-77), president
of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences since 1977, and Member
Design Council 53, assisted by of Parliament. He devoted himself
other Hungarian institutions, to the study of the nervous system,
organized an Interdesign in Group I synapses, eye movements,
Keszthely from 6 to 20 May Design of operating rooms, equilibrium receptors, and reflexes.
1979. panel systems
Eleven Hungarian designers
and twelve foreign designers Started as a simple design
23 Keszthely, Hungary
6 - 20 May 1979
from eight countries
came together to create a
harmonious hospital system
development work, following
a careful analysis of some
shortcomings in the basic
participants
that would meet the needs conception of the existing
of patients. Underlying the prototype of a panel operating
theme were the following room, which was the starting
assumptions: point. The group has
> as a subject of medical developed several proposals,
and preventive care, the including an aseptic operating
man participates directly in envelope, and coffered floors
the process; in the operating rooms to
> the efficiency of the minimize the load on the floor
medical equipment and the while providing optimal access
Janos Szentágothai
atmosphere it generates for the installation of services. From Szentágothai János Labor
depends to a large extent They also analyzed associated
on adequate harmonisation premises, floor surfaces,
of form, colour and ceilings, and skeleton frames 55. Juhani Salovaara, born in 1931,
is one of Finland’s first designers
function. for a panel mounting system. to have specialised in industrial
design since the beginning of his
The seminar acted under career. After graduating from the
the high protectorate of Prof. Group II School of Art and Design as an
industrial designer in 1967, he
Dr. Janos Szentágothai 54, Design for hospital units and worked for the Philips corporation’s
president of the Hungarian special units design department in the
Academy of Sciences, and dr. Netherlands.
Gyorgy Osztrovszky, president The group worked more Founder of his design studio
Ergonomiadesign and Board
of the National Commission practically, proposing a member of ICSID in 1975-77,
for Technical Development, layout and a general design Salovaara has taught industrial
The hospital of the future, President of the Hungarian for both an intensive care design at the University of Art
The topic operating rooms and waiting Industrial Design Council. unit and an active care unit and Design Helsinki and Aalto
University, where he established
areas Henryk Dedinsky, secretary designed according to the the renowned International Design
of the HCID, was appointed Hungarian construction grid of Business Management (IDBM)
director of the seminar while 6 x 6 meters. They developed programme. In 2003, he was
the ICSID Coordinator was proposals for sleeping spaces rewarded with the Industrial

94 95
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

Designer of the Year award, and in and auxiliary facilities, such thinking to current ICSID BOARD
2016 he won the Kaj Franck Design as toilets for visitors, and technologies, considering Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, President;
Prize. Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Past President;
designed the central area future trends and forecasts in Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain,
with the nursing staff station. the medical field. Honorary Treasurer;
These proposals generated Mr. Ryszard Bojar, Vice President;
immediate interest and During the first working week, Ms. Carla Venosta, Vice President;
Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary
expectations of achievement. 10 experts, representatives General;
of the health administration, Mr. Dirk Jacobs, Board Member;

Group III
Design for areas for ambulant
patients
hospital engineering and
various medical disciplines,
deepened the information
received from participants
1979, AUSTRIA Ms. Francoise Jollant, Board
Member;
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board
Member;
Mr. H.K. Vyas, Board Member;

The group aimed to create

the previous month. There
were some problems
Design innovation for sport and recreation in Mr. Knut Yran, Board Member.

a waiting room that was with communication and

not scary, taking particular comprehension, resulting from
summer for SMEs
account of the waiting time and the lack of translation skills
analysis in pediatric clinics. available, which forced the
Juhani Salovaara The proposals were based on English-speaking participants
From Messukeskus, Photo of Liisa a careful analysis of the traffic to make greater efforts.
Valonen of patients and nurses through The second week was spent

56. Founded in 1911, ORNAMO Art

and Design Finland is the oldest
flow diagrams. Emphasis
was given to colours, spatial
relations between elements,
working frantically. Tight time
pushed motivated teams
to gather in extended work
23 Vienna, Austria
18 - 30 June 1979
participants
community for design professionals decorations, and information sessions until the early hours
in Finland. It has been a member of transfer. The concepts allowed of the morning. It was really
ICSID since its foundation in 1957.
better use of waiting times, difficult to convince the
57. Juhani Salovaara, Summary of allowing patients to assist participants from their work
events. Ref: 05-6-1 in the medical process, tables to participate in the
providing them with information fabulous social events and
about preventive medicine dinners of maximum hospitality,
and creating a pleasant filmed and photographed for
environment. a complete report. The daily
compilation of a manuscript of
the report directed the efforts
Group IV of the participants who could
Multi-system design of the follow their progress.
hospital in the year 2000 Numerous experts and a
group of students from the
A huge imaginative and industrial design school visited
analytical process led the the closing exhibition on the
group to devise “the hospital last day. During the reception,
of the future” to maximise the participants listened to the
positive experiences of patients immediate positive reactions
during all stages of effective and assessments of their work
healthcare. The proposals by protectors and organizers.
included considerations on
the external architecture
of the future building, the Products, infrastructures, and
interior of a patient’s room, the
The topic systems for water and land
functionality of medical and sports
other equipment, but also the
general environment. The
group has not limited its

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The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

«I was really surprised about This chapter treats the was set: the activity had to Problem IV the development of new
the fact, that ICSID accepted two information of documents be carried out by a family of Leisure facilities product concepts.
inside folder 05-6-3 kept in the 4 people; husband, wife, and Adequate facilities were to be
Interdesigns on nearly the same Brighton Design Archive. two children aged 8-14 years. The first days of Interdesign
developed to stimulate groups
topics at the same time.» 58 A further criterion of choice is of people near the places were dedicated to making
The second Austrian that these recreational activities where they spent their time in known to foreign industrial
W. Swoboda Interdesign, the tenth in could be carried out during the recreation. designers the city of Vienna
ICSID history, was held in holiday period - mid-June until and its surroundings, customs
the capital of Austria in June mid-September - or on summer Problem V and special places suitable
58. Letter of Dr. W. Swoboda to 1979. Organised by OEIF weekends. Since sport and Cycling for the terrestrial setting that
Helene de Calatay, Chief Executive and planned by Dr Wolfgang recreation in the summer was In the infrastructure of the had been chosen. In the last
ICSID, 25 June 1978. Ref:05-6-3
Swoboda, this Interdesign was such a broad theme, it was sector, the biggest problem few days, the participants
sponsored by the Austrian decided to restrict it to those was represented by the focused on the generation of
Ministry of Crafts and Industry activities specifically related to reduced number of cycle design solutions to the variety
and the Institute for Economic water or land. paths; in this case, however, of problems identified, under
Development of the Vienna Fifteen foreign designers and it was possible to find design the moderation of Professor-in-
Chamber of Commerce. eight Austrian designers were solutions by creating a shuttle charge Ernst Beranek. Among
The rich landscape of Austria divided into two main groups: system. the proposals were a new
offers a great variety of one group addressed the concept of a windbreaker, the
natural beauty that provides theme of summer recreation on Problem VI design of a backpack, a bike
the basis for relaxation, sport the mainland, while the other Horse riding outfit with removable sleeves
and recreation. The theme, the theme of water and summer Horseback riding, and here and legs, a box of children’s
Design innovation for sport recreation associated with it. especially hiking and carriage games/activities for rainy days
and recreation in summer, was driving, were becoming and a T-bar lift for the elderly
chosen because the Austrian increasingly popular. to get off on the ski slopes in
industrial structure showed summer, light enough to be
a large number of small and TOPIC I - LAND carried on the lifts, etc.
medium-sized enterprises The final presentation by the
that represented an important Problem I TOPIC 2 - WATER twenty-three participants was
economic factor, and that Mountaineering Centres posted on the walls of the
could benefit from a careful As an increasing number of Problem I central hall in the work area
analysis of the possibilities of people went to the mountains Municipal Swimming Bath attached to the new Hotel
innovation. for winter sports, some areas The swimming baths were Modul. Many of the 150 ideas
Vienna was chosen for the had to become mountaineering sufficiently equipped, were in conceptual form, while
variety of industrial sectors centres. In this process, but objects for sports others, such as new ideas for
represented there. Participants objects, infrastructures, and recreation could be windbreakers and backpacks
stayed in single rooms in products and systems for redesigned. were shown in prototype
the Tourist Schools of the recreation had to be improved form. The press was present,
Economic Chamber for Vienna, or developed. Problem II which had previously covered
where the necessary work Natural swimming area Interdesign on both radio
facilities were provided. Problem II Several pools and reservoirs and TV. Standing in front of
The goal was to show Downhill activity could be provided with facilities their work, each designer was
possibilities and starting The chairlifts and the T-bar lifts, for the safety of families, available for any explanation
points that could lead to the which are fully operational only without destroying the natural required, and this avoided a
realization of product ideas that in winter, were also to be used landscape. single gruelling presentation.
would form the basis for the in the summer season. Several companies have
active use of leisure, or open Problem III expressed immediate interest
new perspectives for existing Problem III Navigation in the ‘sale’ of some projects,
activities. Touring Equipment Due to the increase in the with additional interest for
First, the most popular sports Due to new activities such as number of boats and other others to come.
activities were analyzed, to Alpine jogging, new demands floating objects on water
select only a few. To avoid an arose in different sectors such surfaces and coastal areas,
arbitrary examination of the as clothing, food supplies and exact planning had to be
subject, a general objective computer aids. carried out that could include

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ICSID BOARD This chapter is based on the the Finnish Association 59. After World War II, Germany
Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, President; review of documents stored in of designers ORNAMO, was occupied and divided into
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Past President; zones administered by the main
Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain, the Brighton Design Archive organized the Interdesign Allied powers. The Soviet Union
Honorary Treasurer; inside folder 05-6-4. Playgrounds. on one side formed the German
Mr. Ryszard Bojar, Vice President; This event was part of the Democratic Republic (GDR), and
Ms. Carla Venosta, Vice President; The model of our actions cooperation of AIF and the Western powers established
Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary the Federal Republic of Germany
General; as adults develops as ORNAMO on the theme Child (FRG) on the other. The GDR was
Mr. Dirk Jacobs, Board Member; children, shaped not only by Environment, in the framework absorbed by the FRG in 1990 when
Ms. Francoise Jollant, Board
Member;
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board
Member;
Mr. H.K. Vyas, Board Member;
1979, GDR genetic factors but also by
the environment. Play is an
important source of knowledge
because, through it, the child
of the programme of exchange
of science and technology
between the governments of
the GDR and Finland. The
Germany reunified.

60. 1979 was the International

Year of the Child proclaimed
by UNESCO at the UN General
Mr. Knut Yran, Board Member. Playgrounds in Residential Areas re-elaborates reality; it is one
of the most elementary forms
first phase of this cooperation
was the publication in that
Assembly of 1976 to draw attention
to problems that affected children
throughout the world, including
of human activity and self- same year of Part I manual malnutrition and lack of access to
expression. Playing with others, Criteria: Playthings, presented education. The year enlightened
children develop their mental, to the UN/UNICEF by both influential studies documenting the
aesthetic, physical and sensory governments on the occasion extent of issues like exploitative
child labour, as well as infant and
abilities and collect social of the United Nations Year maternal mortality.
experiences for personality of the Child. This Interdesign
development. In the GDR 59, instead would have been the 61. The Declaration of the Rights

35 Bauhaus Dessau,
GDR
12 - 26 August 1979
more than 20% of the nearly
17 million inhabitants were
children under the age of 15,
basis of the manual work, part
II Criteria: Playgrounds.
of the Child, drafted by Eglantyne
Jebb, is an international document
promoting child rights adopted
by the United Nations in 1959.
participants
who spent most of their time The seminar was attended It outlines rights for each child,
in playgrounds. The provision by 29 designers from 10 without distinction or discrimination
by race, colour, sex, language,
of playful facilities for children member countries and 6 religion, or status, whether of
was an integral part of the students from the GDR. himself or his family.
housing program, but sufficient Prof. Andrzej Pawlowski 63,
facilities had not yet been Academy of Fine Arts Krakow, 62. From 1972 to 1990, the Amt
für Industrielle Formgestaltung
planned. was the ICSID coordinator. (AIF) was the state authority for
Dipl.-Arch. Manfred Goerke, the design, management and
Since 1979 was declared the Deputy Director of the Board monitoring of industrial mould
Year of the Child by the United of Directors of Industrial design in the GDR. To this end,
a Council for Industrial Form was
Nations 60, there has been Design, was responsible established in 1962 and a Central
the thought of organizing an for the seminar. The work Institute for Mould Design in 1963,
Interdesign on the theme of was organized into five both subject to the Ministry of
playgrounds. Almost twenty groups, formed according to Culture. In 1965 both institutions
were assigned to the Design sector
years had passed since the personal fields of interest and of the German Office of Metrology
United Nations proclaimed experience, with five or six and Goods Control (Office for
the Declaration of the Rights members respectively. The Standardization, Metrology and
of the Child.61 Ten basic rules objective was the elaboration Goods Inspection), which existed
in East Berlin since February 1964.
for defining the conditions of projects to be inserted in an From 1 February 1972, the design
to be fulfilled to provide the urban situation. sector was transferred to the Office
full development of a child’s Participants had to take into of Industrial Design. The Office
abilities and abilities, including account safety and hygiene, was based in East Berlin, was
directly subordinate to the Council
the right to play, rest, leisure installation costs, and service of Ministers and was responsible
and education. and equipment maintenance. for preparing the decisions
Playground equipment for three From 12 to 26 August, in Experts in architecture, which the Council had to take to
The topic different age groups the Bauhaus Dessau, the pedagogy and industry increase the level of design of
industrial products; In addition, he
AIF 62 - Amt für Industrielle were available to support carried out on behalf of the State
Formgestaltung, in the groups. This Interdesign quality controls and assessments
collaboration with the Ministry addressed two projects. (preaching) of design performance,
of Education of the GDR and as well as training and further

100 101
The '70s - A pivot of change in world history The '70s - A pivot of change in world history

Project A To properly address the topic, training programs for designers,

it was necessary to include designers, engineers etc. process.
Since 1978, AIF has awarded the
The first project concerned the fields such as psychology, title of «Good Design DDR» to 50
development of playground medicine, pedagogy, DDR products per year, starting
equipment elements, as architecture and landscape from the end of the 1980s also for
gardening. By consulting foreign products; the award was
well as spatial integration,
awarded at the spring and autumn
for a combined nursery and experts in these fields and fairs in Leipzig. In addition, the
kindergarten establishment. visiting playgrounds in AIF has published the specialized
This project was tackled by residential areas, participants magazine «form + purpose». On
had the opportunity to learn 30 April 1990, the Industrial Design
three groups, which dealt with
Office was dissolved and a Design
the planning of playgrounds about the socio-political Council was established, which in
and flexible structures for objectives of the GDR and the turn took over the Industrial Design
different age groups. psychological and pedagogical Office in Berlin.
1. crèche: age groups aspects of the game.
63. Andrzej Pawlowski (1925-1986)
18-24 months The results of the work of the was a Polish painter, sculptor,
25-36 months groups can be summarized as photographer, experimental
2. kindergarten: age groups follows: filmmaker, theoretician, and
> theoretical clarification of educator. Professor and co-creator
3-6 years
of the Industrial Forms Department
the game and its functional at the Academy of Fine Arts in
requirements for each age Krakow, he was co-founder of
Project B group; the KRAKOW GROUP and the
> proposals for playground Association of Designers of
Industrial Forms.
After-school activities were equipment corresponding
necessary for the health and to age groups;
well-being of children. The free > proposals for urban
integration. On the left: Figure 13 - Photographs
areas had to offer facilities for
of Interdesign ‘79 at Bauhaus
sports, productive-practical, Dessau, page 6 of the Playground
and creative-artistic play to Finally, the approximately Report. Ref: 05-6-4 (uncatalogued).
children up to 16 years. The 20 projects developed were ICSID Archive, University of
exhibited in an exhibition to Brighton Design Archives.
necessary equipment had
to be industrially produced. the state and local authorities,
This project was addressed where the mayor of Dessau
by three groups, which dealt promised to execute the most
with different age groups, 6-10 interesting designs as soon as
years and 11-16 years. possible. The social importance
of this Interdesign also
emerged in a press conference
where journalists from 34 mass
media, ADN. television. radio
and press commented on the
developments shown.

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The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history

65. Industrial Designers Society

of America, Proposal for planning

Projects conceived 1976, USA grant. Ref:05-4-8

66. Letter of Arnold Saul

Wasserman, IDSA, to Josine de
National Design Center Cressonnieres, January 16, 1976.
Ref:05-4-8

but never realized In 1976 IDA - the Industrial cost-effective to organize a

67. She advised evaluating
its feasibility according to
Mary Mullin’s document,
which summarizes the main
Designers Society of America one-time event in which IDSA characteristics and practical
proposed an Interdesign to invited the California Design development phases of an
be held in the United States committee to collaborate. Interdesign.
During the consultation of the documents archived in the Brighton
in the autumn on the theme
Design Archives, information about some scheduled but never 68. Letter of Arnold S. Wasserman
of the relationship between However, this idea did not
realized Interdesign emerged. There were many reasons, from the to Josine des Cressonnieres,
Government and Design.65 address the East/West rift 1/10/1976. Ref:05-4-8
scarcity of economic funds to sudden political problems.
James F. Fulton, President of issues in the professional
However, I felt it was right to examine the reasons for these
IDA, in agreement with Arthur design community in the
choices and the arguments that ICSID would have liked to
J. Pulos, President of the Board United States. IDSA member
address.
of FIDSA, contacted ICSID Arnold Saul Wasserman
The information contained in this chapter refers to folders 05-4,
for approval. It was seen as a stressed the problematic
05-7 and 05-8-5 contained in the ICSID Archive.
practical development of the nature of this obstacle.66
Moscow Congress “Design IDSA, as an east coast design
as State Policy” and was also establishment, had little regard
sponsored by NEA - National for designers on the West of
Endowment for the Arts. An Mississippi, deeming them
Interdesign on this issue would incapable of contributing
allow US government agencies to a weighty intellectual
and industrial designers project. Wasserman’s view
to collaborate by sharing was the opposite, for he saw
information and experiences in in the West, in California in
this field. particular, creative dynamism
and intellectual vigour
64. Letter of Sarah Langton-
At the same time, a very similar indispensable to any national
Lockton, Chief Executive, to G.
Vaideanu, Chef de la Section
des Programmes, Division
1975 - UNKNOWN proposal was made on the
other side of the state. Indeed,
perspective on design.
However he still wanted to warn
des structures et contenus de at the end of the organizational Josine that any IDSA effort on
l’éducation permanente UNESCO,
6 June 1975. Ref:05-4-6
Interdesign for children work for the California Design this matter was likely to have a
‘76 exhibition in Los Angeles, strong oriental slant.
California Design expressed As the theme chosen was
the desire to organize an more intellectual than practical,
In February 1975, Sarah Collaborations were set up Interdesign on the theme of Josine des Cressonnieres
Langton-Lockton, Chief with the European School of a National Design Center. expressed doubts that the
Executive of ICSID, Bruxelles and the UNESCO Eudorah Moore, curator of “laboratory” method of an
proposed the organization Institute for Lifelong Learning the exhibit, hearing that there Interdesign wasn’t appropriate
of an Interdesign to develop (UIL). However, for unknown was already a similar if a not in this case.67 It would have
children’s creativity. The reasons, the project was not identical project, deemed a been the first official ICSID
Executive Committee showed carried forward,64 and it was separate West Coast effort event in the United States. «Our regional division is
keen interest in this project necessary to wait four years for redundant. The ICSID board Josine recommended
our problem, obviously, not
and appointed Sarah Langton- an Interdesign about children, saw it possible to develop turning it into a symposium
Lockton and Professor Frank no longer on the theme of similar initiatives in several or conference, ensuring, in ICSID’s» 68
Height, the coordinator of the education but on that of play as states given the size of the any case, the full support and
Education Working Group of a means of rehabilitation. country but suggested that it collaboration of ICSID. Arnold S. Wasserman
ICSID, to organize it. would be more efficient and

104 105
The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history

69. Announcement made by Marco 71. Hardware System for

Antonio Amaral Rezende, at the IX the urbanizing third world: a
ICSID Congress, Moscow 1975.
Ref: 05-4-9 1976, BRASIL 1976-77, INDIA preliminary proposal. Ref:05.4.10

70. Letter of Amaral Rezende to

Yoshio Nishimoto, director of GK Alternatives of development A New Generation of Urban Hardware
Industrial Design Associates, June
25, 1976. Ref: 05-4-9

The Brazilian Society for GK Industrial Design Between December 1976 and institutions, techniques and
Industrial Design - ABDI tried Associates, Amaral Rezende January 1977 in Bombay, India, hardware. Existing hardware
to organize an Interdesign in regretfully communicated an interdesign was to take solved many of these
the summer of 1976 in São that Interdesign had to be place with the aim of preparing problems, but they were
Paulo, Brazil. The proposal was postponed due to the serious a new generation of urban beyond the reach of the lower
put forward in 1975 at the 9th political problems which had hardware. This proposal71 class. The items needed for
ICSID Congress in Moscow forced the sponsors to suspend was based on the note everyday use were usually
by Marco Antonio Amaral any important decisions.70 In “Hardware systems for third made by known people,
Rezende, Information Director January 1976, the first Política world urbanization”, written mainly because they cost
of ABDI. The submitted theme Nacional de Cultura (PNC), by Mr. Duccio Turin, Deputy less than buying ready-made
was to stimulate alternative a set of directives to guide Secretary General of HABITAT, items on the market. For this
methods and proposals activities in the field of culture, the United Nations Conference reason, the design concept of
regarding social and economic was officially launched. This on Human Settlements. The this Interdesign had a “do-it-
development. This theme process of institutionalization initial organization took place yourself” approach.
emerged as an answer to the was accompanied by through an exchange of Presumably the hardware for
question: «Will the Brazilian the intense control and letters between Josine des human settlements, especially
development follow the supervision of the government, Cressonnières, Sudhakar in developing countries, would
same pattern of those more characteristic of the moment Nadkarni, Professor at the constitute the main industrial
industrialized countries?” And lived under the civil-military Industrial Design Centre,IIT - activity of the next generation.
the answer surely is: “No”. regime. Indian Institute of Technology, Initially, this activity would be
We must find our own way and Chairman of SIDI - Society dominated by industrialized
of development, a new style, of Industrial Designers of India, countries, but gradually
through a creative process.»69 Dr. B.H. Dieterich, Director of developing countries would be
the Division of environmental able to produce the hardware
The São Paulo Interdesign Health of the World Health they needed themselves to
was to be part of the Brazilian Organization, and Mr. meet the minimal needs of their
government’s “Alternatives Anderson of UNIDO. people. Meanwhile, industrial
of development” program, designers could put their
sponsored by its Department According to forecasts, by skills and experiences at the
of Economics and Planning the end of the century the service of the Third World to
and the Department of Culture, world population would conceive the new generation
Science and Technology. have doubled: a third of this of urban hardware needed to
The ABDI, in agreement with increase would have occurred meet the challenge of world
the sponsoring institutions, in urbanized areas, mainly urbanization.
had allocated a budget in the Third World. All new
of approximately US$ urban settlers needs shelter, This should have been done by
70,000.00 for expenses however rudimentary, with first selecting a limited number
of accommodation, local water, sewage and waste of hardware to meet basic
transport, social activities, work disposal, some form of energy urban needs, suitable for any
materials, general publicity suitable for domestic use and level of technology, political
other basic services that make system or social values of the
The proposed date for community life possible and potential market: products
São Paulo Interdesign was desirable. Each service is part capable of providing a roof in
September 1976. In a letter to of a complex system, made of different climates, delivering
Yoshio Nishimoto, director of people and their skills, controllable quantities of water,

106 107
The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history

72. Letter of Josine des transporting passengers, international market, causing mid-career designers, able
Cressonnières to Sudhakar goods, and energy in an a slowdown in the growth of to contribute to the event
Nadkarni, Professor at the
Industrial Design Centre,IIT,
December 30 1975. Ref:05.4.10
appropriate form, etc. Design
in this context, included:
1977, MEXICO this industry able to raise the
standard of living of artisans.
thanks to their experience,
but in this case, applications
> the design of products or Moreover, most of the products were open to designers of
systems
The Business of Craft Design made tended to be a copy of all ages. She also stressed
73. Proposal of Interdesign Mexico > Studies in the modification objects once functional but no some organizational errors: the
’77 - The Business of Craft Design, od existing products or longer in common use, or of standard procedure required
July 1976. Ref:05.4.3 systems poor design quality that poured that any communication to
> Graphic design and «“How can the indigenous into an already saturated ICSID member companies
communication craft industries of Mexico be Western market. Few of them should start from the
developed with emphasis could boast the originality of Secretariat in Brussels, as well
For each of these products a on new uses for existing raw the concept from the artisans. as the application forms should
series of precise performance materials and skills, and the Therefore, the Interdesign be sent to the latter, and never
specifications had to be development of business of 1977 could provide new by personal initiative or to
developed to reflect the systems and marketing methods and systems to individuals.
basic principles of the new, expertise within these revive the craft market of
needs-oriented, self-sufficient industries ?»73 developing countries such as In the end, the event had
and ecologically acceptable Mexico, focusing on the artistic to be postponed due to
development style. Between 2 and 16 April 1977 originality of products made circumstances beyond the
This second phase should in Mexico City, Mexico, an with traditional technologies, control of ICSID. In January
have involved extensive Interdesign on craft products albeit limited. 1977, due to the reorganization
consultations with Third was organized, sponsored by The applications were open to of government ministers the
World users, reconciling the ICSID in collaboration with the 10 Mexican and 10 Mexican previous month and recent
conflicting needs of specificity Design Centre of the Mexican designers from the rest of budget cuts, the Design
with those of broad common Institute of Foreign Trade IMCE. the world, provided they had Centre of the Mexican Institute
characteristics. The event aimed to promote experience in the field and a of Foreign Trade, part of
The third step involved a the use of traditional and good knowledge of English, the IMCE, was closed. The
preliminary assessment of the artistic talents in the production the official language. Knowing association, however, decided
presumed market for each of craft-based industrial also Spanish would have been to continue to exist as an
“product” before turning to products, with a particular a great help in communicating independent organization, with
potential producers, both in the emphasis on the use of local with local designers, despite Arch. Raul Henriquez Inclan as
industrialized and developing materials, while promoting the possibility of having president and sought to secure
world, who would be willing to the design capabilities interpreters. The working patronage in the new Ministry
undertake the heavy research of developing countries. groups would have been of of Industry. This goal could
work. Approved by the Board at the mixed nationalities, to foster not be achieved in a couple
Despite the great enthusiasm Brussels Assembly in 1975/76, the intercultural exchange of of months, and this is why,
that greeted this proposal, it gained the economic support experiences and knowledge. with great regret, they had to
this Interdesign never saw of UNIDO for the participation As interpreters, 10 Mexican postpone the Interdesign to a
the light. This was due to the expenses of designers from senior design students, one for date to be destined.
cancellation of funds by the Latin American countries. The each foreign designer, were
Mayhill Homes Corporation.72 results had to be presented at set up to help them with the
Mr. P. Hildebrandt, Chairman the 1977 Dublin Congress. problems of communication,
of the Board of Directors, In the late 1970s, Mexico was transport and with the daily
perhaps interested in a more a developing country with over needs of the setting.
commercial and oriented 65 million inhabitants. Almost
approach to obtaining business two and a half million were Mary V. Mullin, Vice President
partners, withdrew his proposal able to produce handcrafted of the ICSID, in a letter dated
to finance 30% of the costs products in their homes, 17 November 1976 to Philip
to carry out the Interdesign in but less than 10% officially T. Guilmant, Head of Design
Bombay. had such employment. Promotion at the Design Centre
Communication difficulties IMCE, nevertheless expressed
greatly limited the export of some concerns. Interdesign
these products to the was aimed exclusively at

108 109
The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history

74. Letter of Mary Mullin to Carl

Aubock, December 2, 1976. «The organization of a system
Ref:05.4.5

75. Letter of Yoshio Nishimoto,

1977, BULGARIA 1981, ARGENTINA initially implies a certain
discomfort, due to the nature of
Secretary General of ICSID, to R. external variables.»78
Bojar, December 27, 1977. Transposing Tradition into Modern Contexts Design for Rural Environment System
Ref:05.4.5
Arturo F. Montagu

In May 1976, on the invitation assigned the task of managing By the late 1970s, the technologies such as solar, 76. Arturo F. Montagu, in Domus
of the Committee for Art and ICSID Projects, while Mary world’s population was about wind and biochemistry to n°614, February 1981
Culture and the Committee for Mullin was the member of 4,400 million, about 50% of improve the quality of life on the 77. The R.E.S. (Rural Environment
Science, Technical Progress the Board responsible for this were farmers living in basis of a significant increase System) concept was published
and Higher Education, National Interdesign. In a letter to C. underdeveloped countries.76 in agri-food productivity. in 1978 by the World congress
Centre for Industrial Design, a Aubock she raised the issue Few proposals had been made Montagu stressed the need to of Architects (Mexico, October
1978) and by the United Nation
member of ICSID, Carl Aubock, of the theme’s similarity to the for them. organize a model that would World Conference (Buenos Aires,
the Former President, visited Bruges Interdesign of 1975 Arturo Fernando Montagu, describe this complex system, Argentina, 1978). This system has
the city of Plovdiv in Bulgaria. and the Canadian one of 1974. Director de Programas de including all the constraints of its roots in a design “in evolution,
There he was informed by She suggested that the related investigación de Instituto de the problem and the structural consensual, not authoritarian”, that
could be brought to practice by
the Architect P. Berbenliev, reports could provide a basis Investigaciones de Diseño, relationships between its the rural inhabitants themselves
Deputy Chairman of the for study for the Bulgarian one, noted as Latin America, taking components. Various types of by means of a manual of design
Science Center of Industrial to develop such work rather Argentina and Mexico as alternative architecture had to instructions. From acceptable
Aesthetics of Bulgaria, about than accumulative studies examples, was part of these be studied to understand the living conditions as a starting
point of the system, to a degree
his will to organize a Bulgarian carried out in isolated events in developing countries. It had a issue clearly and to solve it in of development that would
Interdesign during the spring different parts of the world.74 population distribution divided the best possible way. allow improved living standards
of the following year. The aim between large overcrowded ensured by the increase of rural
was to address the problems The subject of Bulgarian metropolitan areas and a series Although the ICSID Board communities production capacity.
of rebuilding the oldest and Interdesign was introduced to of small peasant communities approved the idea, the 78. Arturo F. Montagu, et al.,
eldest historic city part, taking the Board by Yuri Soloviev just in settlements characterized organization of this Interdesign Sistema de Entorno Rural,
the centre of Plovdiv as an at the meeting in Brussels in by severe social deterioration, had to face several problems, Argentina, Architecture and
example. During a meeting with November 1977, but no details economic and psychological. including the difficulty in finding National Development, XIII World
Congress
city leaders, they discussed were yet discussed. Montagu proposed to use the a suitable coordinator,
the topics of the Interdesign, In a letter dated December R.E.S. concept 77 to develop economic problems given
ending up choosing the 27, 1977, to R. Bojar, Yoshio new projects to solve, at least by the 50% devaluation of
following themes: Nishimoto, Secretary General in part, these problems. Argentina, and ended up
1. Communication signs and of ICSID, expressed his fears running aground against the
advertising displays about the tight schedule.75 Montagu proposed an internal problems between CIDI
2. Secondary elements of Interdesign usually takes up to Interdesign on Human and CAYC that prevented the
urban environment 12-14 months to plan, but there Settlements for Argentina, financial support necessary for
3. Waste-product collection were only 10 months left until which was to take place from the development. Moreover,
in urban conditions, the the chosen date. This may be 12 to 24 October 1981 at according to a document
sorting of useful waste the reason why the Bulgarian Universidad de Belgrado, drawn up after the visit of
products for their further Interdesign of 1977 was not Buenos Aires. Montagu in Argentina on June
utilization. realized in the end, as in the The theme of this Interdesign 9, 1981, the CIDI considered
Design Archives of Brighton was the development of a Rural the ICSID “imperialist”, and
Sixteen designers from there is no further information Environment System applied to Argentina a developed country
different countries were about this story. rural communities in Argentina that should not be treated as a
expected to participate, and and other Latin American developing country. Therefore
Bulgarian, Russian, German countries. This concept implied the theme of this interdesign
and English were chosen as a strategy for solving problems was not suitable for them.
official languages. At that time, related to housing, energy
Ryszard Bojar, President of and food production. The
SPFP (Association of Industrial proposal linked the possibility
Designers), had just been of integrating alternative

110 111
The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history The ‘70s - A pivot of change in world history

79. Proposal for Interdesign listed some problems. The

Workshop to be held in India. summaries of the background
Ref:05-7-1

80. Preliminary information,

1981, INDIA papers could not be sent as
they were unclear to those
Interdesign ‘81 India. Ref:05-7-1 who did not know the subject
Design for Agriculture well, especially given the many
81. Letter of Vesna Popovic, ICSID
Coordinator, to M.S. Sethuraman, references to texts not in their
17 September 1981. possession. He also noted the
Ref:05-7-1 lack of participation of ICSID
In 1979, during the ICSID- time the area of design for member societies, which had
UNIDO Conference in India, agriculture was the subject of not sufficiently announced the
it was decided to organize an international meeting, and Interdesign, leading to few
an Interdesign on the topic this was even more significant application forms received. The
of agriculture that would take since it took place in a Interdesign visual image had
place from 1 to 15 November developing country. not yet been conceived, and
1980 in New Delhi. This The results of this Interdesign Popovic suggested that the
theme was chosen given the could lead to important national 1979 ICSID/UNIDO Conference
importance of this sector in and international goals, driving be retained as this Interdesign
India, a predominantly rural this neglected design area would be an extension of the
society where agriculture was there for all. Ahmedabad Declaration.
the major industry.79 More Given the great interest, the
than 70% of the population
were engaged in agriculture
Indian Ministry of Agriculture
proposed some other areas of
In August 1981, however,
some changes occurred that
1982, TAIWAN
and lived in rural areas where work for this Interdesign, but led to the postponement of
innovative design solutions to time was short. So, to make a Interdesign to a date to be
Design Factors in Energy Conservation
simplify production, increase better decision on the actual determined. At the General
comfort, and improve the theme to be dealt with, ICSID Assembly in Helsinki, the
quality of life were a necessity postponed the Interdesign to election of the new ICSID
and a need. The focus was 2 - 15 November 1981. Board passed the task of Proposed by Chen Eng-Chei, 82. Letter of Chen Eng-Chei,
on developing solutions that Assistant of Industrial Design Assistant of Industrial Design
dealing with Interdesign in
Promotion Center at Far East Trade
used available technologies, The general theme, to be Terje Meyer, from Norway. In Promotion Center at Far East Services, to Helene de Callatay,
traditions and skills.80 developed in a current rural the same month, the UNIDO Trade Services, Inc. (FETS), Chief executive ICSID, August 21,
The process of using industrial situation, would be divided into Project Committee, which this Interdesign had to deal 1980. Ref:05.8.5
design in agriculture was several projects, including: had long postponed the with a broad and significant
very complex and required > Design of harness for confirmation of its financial topic, energy conservation.82
a systematic approach that cross-bred animals with support, definitively decided Initially it obtained a broad
included an analysis of standard yoke not to approve the funds. In the consensus among the ICSID
different physical systems: > Paddy transplanter absence of any other financial Board, local designers and
1. The state of the art in > Animal-drawn toolbar support, Interdesign India ‘81 government authorities.
particular areas; > Power tiller/small tractor hadn’t succeeded. Among these, the Ministry of
2. The study of the relations > Harvesting devices - sickle, Economic Affairs and Science
between man, physical reaper, binder and the Technology Advisory
object and environment; > Storage structure (outdoor Group were also interested in
3. The ergonomic parameters; bins) on farm sponsoring its success.
4. Design criteria; Different opinions between
5. The implementation M.S. Sethuraman, NID - the various Organizations
of design criteria on National Institute of Design involved and the governmental
particular physical objects Co-ordinator, prepared authorities on the breadth of
(products). many background papers the topics to be treated and
on reaper binders, sickles, on the technological fields to
As pointed out by Vesna storage structures on farms, be involved in the discussion
Popovic, ICSID Co-ordinator for and general Indian Agriculture prevented reaching a definitive
this Interdesign, in a letter to information. However, Popovic, decision that could kick off the
UNIDO for the first in a letter to Sethuraman,81 seminar.

112 113
The ‘80s
4
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

The Eighties saw the collapse of traditional

communism and the ending of the Cold
War, and a socioeconomic change due to
advances in technology. Small Computers
becomes cheaper and more widespread,
THE ‘80s
beginning to have an impact on our lives.
But it was also an era of massive population
A decade of changes
growth around the world, where developing
countries faced economic and social
difficulties for multiple debt crises.
Motorola DynaTAC

1983
8000X
6 March,
Motorola launches
the DynaTAC
8000X, the first
mobile phone to hit

1989
stores. Marketed
from March 13, Spain reopens

1985
1984, it was created Borders Single European Act

1987
by Martin Cooper,
Global recession an American After sixteen The Single European Act
1982

engineer. years, the border (SEA) set the goal for Photograph: Peter Horvath/REX/
The economy between Gibraltar Mad Cow Disease the European Economic Shutterstock

1986
Iraq - Iran War
1980

entered a severe and Spain was Community to join

Fall of the Berlin wall
22 September, recession, labour officially reopened The first case of together to form a single
The Iraqi invasion of market conditions by Spain in Bovine Spongiform market with a single 9 November,
Iran sarted a war that deteriorated and February to garner Encephalopathy currency by the end Berlin, Germany.
lasted for almost eight the unemployment support for joining (BSE) is identified at of 1992. It was a step Europe’s division into two
years, until August rate reached 10.8 the European an agricultural lab in towards more political blocs was coming to an
1988. per cent. Community. England. integration in Europe. end.

The 1st CD Sino-British Joint Declaration World Decade of Iraq - Iran War
Cultural Development ends
17 August, 19 December,
A Philips factory in China and the United Kingdom 20 August,
The 41st General
Germany, having bought agree that the U.K. will transfer After more than
Assembly of the United
the T.Russel patent, made power over Hong Kong back to 1 million people
Nations proclaimed
the first CD for commercial China after 1 July 1997. died, the two
1988 - 1997 the World

1987
use. It was the last ABBA countries accepted
1982

Decade of Cultural
pop album to be released, Resolution No.
Development.
The Visitors. Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster 598 of the UN with
its proposal for

1988
Marketing photo for the IBM
5150. Source: IBM 26 April, the cessation of
IBM 5150 Chernobyl, USSR. hostilities.
A nuclear power station
1984

1 September, exploded, and large amounts

IBM launches the first of radiation and radioactive
Personal Computer on
Sino-British Joint Declaration. Source: CCTV 1986 material were released into
the market. It’s the 5150,
1981

the environment.
based on Intel 8088
processor.

116 117
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

The 80s saw a concentration potential of the territory and

INTERDESIGN
of Interdesign towards the creating new jobs. Particular
northeast, from France attention was given to

1984, Furuvik, Sweden

to Japan. A total of 10 ergonomic studies to facilitate
Interdesigns were organized the living conditions of the
in 9 states, on a wide variety disabled, and to new means
of topics, with a focus on of communication, to the
creating economic benefit. The interaction between users and

‘80s 1989, Kristiansund, Norway

1982, Nordkalotten Rovaniemi, Finland

crisis had in fact led to high
unemployment rates, and the
focus was on creating means
to revive the economy of the
countries by exploiting the
interactive objects. The focus
on the urban environment and
transport remained at the core
of the planning.

Hygiene

1989, Toyama, Japan

Educational kits Inclusiviness
Cultivation of Vaccine preservation
desert areas system
1986, Paris, France

Sanitization
Water Health
Ergonomics
Water park Carpentry

Furniture Textiles
Workplaces Packaging
Stone
Automation

Playgrounds
Product design Crafts
Fur
Souvenirs

Urban planning Employment SMEs

1985, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium

Leisure

TOPICS
Street furniture
Clothes Children’s seats
Attractions
1980, Tbilisi, USSR

Transport
1988, Esztergom, Hungary
1981, Keszthely, Hungary

Safety Graphic sign systems

Traffic
1982, Maastricht, Netherland

Interactive objects Communication

Data collection

Interaction Audiovisual Network

118 119
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

ICSID BOARD 1. COG is a coordination

Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, President; group with 9 international non-
Dr. Yuri Soloviev, Past President; governmental organisations
Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain, involved in the creation of the
Honorary Treasurer; environment: IAA (International
Mr. Ryszard Bojar, Vice President; Association of Art), ISOCARP
Ms. Carla Venosta, Vice President; (International Society of City and
Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary Regional Planners), ICOGRADA
General; (International Council of
Mr. Dirk Jacobs, Board Member;
Ms. Francoise Jollant, Board
Member;
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board
Member;
Mr. H.K. Vyas, Board Member;
1980, USSR Graphic Design Associations),
ICOMOS (International Council
of Monuments and sites), IFI
(International Federation of Interior
Designers), IFLA (International
Federation of Landscape
Mr. Knut Yran, Board Member. Design for city environment Architects), UIA (International
Union of Architects), WCC (World
Crafts Council).

2. The participants came from:

Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Finland, France, Great Britain,
GDR, Hungary, Italy, Norway,
Poland, Switzerland, Venezuela
and the USSR.
Tbilisi, USSR -
34 currently Georgia
6 – 18 October 1980
participants

This chapter is essentially of the 80s, held from 6 to 18 Figure 1 - Interdesign '80
based on the review of October in Tbilisi on the theme Tblisi. Source: https://wdo.org/
programmes/interdesign-through-
documents stored in the Design for City Environment. the-years/
Brighton Design Archive inside Sponsors were ICSID and
folder 05-8-1. VNIITE with COG1 participation.
The seminar was led by Yuri
1. COG is a coordination
Among the urgent problems Soloviev, VNIITE Director group with 9 international non-
of the last decade was the and past ICSID President, as governmental organisations
need to look for methods chairman of the organizing involved in the creation of the
to intentionally build the committee, and Pierre Vago, environment: IAA (International
Association of Art), ISOCARP
environment of large cities. honorary UPA president and (International Society of City and
The problem arose because former ICSID president as Regional Planners), ICOGRADA
of the rapid growth of cities coordinator. (International Council of
and the population of cities. Graphic Design Associations),
ICOMOS (International Council
The process of urbanization The interaction of designers of Monuments and sites), IFI
was felt strongly in almost all with various professionals (International Federation of Interior
countries, and posed a series involved in shaping the urban Designers), IFLA (International
of social, technical, ecological environment was generally Federation of Landscape
Architects), UIA (International
and aesthetic problems, calling critical. For this reason, 34 Union of Architects), WCC (World
for a complete and coordinated experts including urban Crafts Council).
Urban planning, equipment, solution. It was the topicality of planners and architects,
The topic these issues and the need for designers and graphic 2. Participants came from Belgium,
transport and graphic sign Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Finland,
systems close collaboration between designers, landscape France, Great Britain, GDR,
experts in different fields that designers, painters and Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland,
determined the choice of the sculptors from 14 countries 2 Switzerland, Venezuela and the
theme for the first Interdesign were selected to participate. USSR.

120 121
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

In the upper right: Figure 2 - Tbilisi was chosen because it > inclusion of works of
Seminar, Interdesign '80 Tblisi.
combined ancient architectural arts and crafts in a city
Ref: 05-8-1 (uncatalogued). ICSID
Archive, University of Brighton traditions with a dynamic environment;
Design Archives. development typical of a > relation of new objects to
modern city of over a million existing architectural and
In the lower right: Figure 3 -
inhabitants. natural landscape in the
Interdesign ‘80 Tblisi. Ref: 05-8-1
(uncatalogued). ICSID Archive, The aim was to develop city.3
University of Brighton Design methods to design the
Archives. environment of large cities and The district of Lotkini suburb
to build an environment with of Tbilisi, designed for 17,000
adequate living conditions in inhabitants, was chosen as
3. The Statement of the ploblem, new housing projects. Very a case study. The district’s
Design for city environment, often, these developments territory, of about 57 hectares,
Interdesign ‘80, October 1980.
lacked open spaces, a was a site with a complex
Ref:05-8-1bis
functional organization and relief, located on the banks of a
4. Preliminary brief, Interdesign ‘80 on a human scale; from small river that flows along the
Tbilisi. Ref:05-8-1bis inadequate and inexpressive bottom of the gorge with two
urban equipment and steep green slopes.
furnishings to repetitive and Participants focused on solving
difficult-to-find developments. the functional, socio-cultural
The situation in many and aesthetic aspects of the
cases was worsened by problem, which involved a
the remoteness of the new functional organization of
neighbourhoods resulting in the neighbourhood, public
difficulties in connecting with services, green areas and
the centre. visual communication.
The project took into account
The elaboration of the theme the traditions and architecture
had to be oriented to the of the Georgian city, following
following main tasks: Soviet building rules and
> development of social and regulations and the existing
communication functions of building. To cover a wider
urban places; range of problems, the general
> creation of favourable theme was divided into four
conditions for life and sub-themes:
activities for different 1. civic centre in the district;
social and age groups of 2. a courtyard within living
the population: children, quarters;
teenagers, the aged and 3. city park;
the handicapped; 4. public transport.4
> development of industrially
produced unified systems Visits to the old town of
of the city equipment for Tbilisi provided participants
trade, service, leisure, etc.: with contact with the form of
> improvement of the urban traditional accommodation:
public ground transport multi-storey loggia houses
from the functional and surrounding semi-public
aesthetic points or view; courtyards, and meeting
> improvement of urban places of the neighbourhood.
graphic sign systems; The balconies, individually
> development of colour and closed with windows, were an
light urban climate; extension of the living area in
> inclusion of nature in a city warm weather. The atmosphere
environment; of love for life, the strong

122 123
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

5. ICSID News, November/ relationship with the fertile common open spaces, with ICSID BOARD
December 1980. Ref:05-8-1bis vegetation of this country, and loggias that allowed individual Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, President;
Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, Past
the evident bonds of solidarity completion. The streets and President;
in the extended family of the public squares have been Mr. Ekkehard Bartsch, Honorary
neighbourhood were reflected sketched following shapes Treasurer;
in the work project. The value and dimensions observed in Mr. Arthur Goldreich, Vice
President;
of these experiences became the historic centre. Even the Mr. Kazuo Kimura, Vice President;
particularly evident during characteristics of the local land Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary
the second week: while one
group continued to elaborate
the master plan, other groups
were formed according to the
were exploited for the project:
the green gorges with their
small streams were used for
public parks and other places
1981, HUNGARY General;
Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain, Board
Member; Mr. Peter Lord, Board
Member;
Mr. Terje Meyer, Board Member;
functions to be treated.
In just two weeks it was not
for organized leisure. Industrial design for traffic safety Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board
Member;
Mr. Jean-Claude Fenaux, Board
possible to draw up a detailed Interdesign 1980 was the first Member.
plan. After two weeks of work, seminar with international and
the participants presented interdisciplinary cooperation,5
a concept for the general which sought to solve the
development and a floor of problems of building a human
the district, characterized by a environment.
residential building of 2/4 floors The process of interdisciplinary
manufacturable industrially.
This type of building could
be easily arranged in multiple
collaboration did not take
place according to hierarchical
planning from large to small,
24 Keszthely, Hungary
10 -24 May 1981
participants
ways allowing unique local but the skills of the specialists
Figure 4 - Coference at Interdesign
‘80 Tblisi. Source: https://wdo.org/ layouts. The condominiums were elaborated in the total
programmes/interdesign-through- were organized into communal plan, on different scales
the-years/ inner courtyards, designed as towards a whole.

Safe traffic system, signals,

The topic good visibility of clothes,
children’s seats

124 125
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

6. Opening address by Mr. István This chapter is based on the severity. Both the organizers on cycles and a new type of solutions and practical
Müller, Vice President of the
review of documents stored in and the designers were aware bicycle. proposals. As a case study,
National Committee for Technical
Development, President of the the Brighton Design Archive that the task was difficult. the group worked on a specific
Hungarian Council of Industrial inside folder 05-8-2. Existing products were busy intersection in Keszthely
Design. Ref: 05-8-2 often poorly designed and Group III to make it more functional and
Social development has made sometimes work against their Reduction of accidents safer for all commuters.
road traffic an indispensable purpose. But it was also clear involving children in cars and
part of human life. Since the that this complex problem bicycles through innovation The work was divided into
cars’ appearance, 25 million could not be solved only and design development two phases. The first included
people lost their lives as a through design. The solutions problem-solving, work-limiting,
result of traffic, about 220,000 were meant to help improve The group worked on three gathering the necessary
people a year.6 user behaviour. concepts for children’s seats. information and developing
The relationship between The most controversial of a concept on that basis.
industrial design and road the three was egg-shaped In the second phase, the
safety had not yet been taken Group I and allowed a sort of “return concepts were concretized in
into account by Interdesign. Reduction of accidents to the womb” in safety. The solutions and elaborated for
The topic was topical and of involving pedestrians and other amendments concerned the actual presentation and
international interest, as it was workers on the roads through improvements to existing documentation. The work was
constantly growing on every the shape and colour of clothes products. They also tried to finished before the deadline.
continent. and articles designed to ensure improve the situation of drivers The proposals devised were
In May 1981 the Hungarian good visibility by devising a series of safety careful, but not particularly
Council of Industrial Design principles and new signals. innovative. Designers placed
with the collaboration of Products should not depend They demonstrated that it great emphasis on visibility
other institutions and state on the current fashion. was not only necessary to requirements: garments with
organizations held an Retroreflective parts had to design new products but that fluorescent dyes to ensure
Interdesign to address the be included in the design of there was a need to take into daytime affordability, and
problem in Keszthely on useful items, to be used every account attitudes, morals and retro-reflective materials to
Lake Balaton. Terje Meyer day. The group designed a behaviour as with the ability of ensure it at night. Among other
was appointed as the ICSID backpack model combined perception. tips, are the use of safety
coordinator. with a vest as a device for helmets, boots, gloves, and
carrying. The vest-pack could tubes to protect the legs, wind
Fourteen industrial designers be part of a school uniform. Group IV protection for the legs and the
from twelve different countries Two participants in this group Development of a safe traffic use of a luggage carrier when
worked with ten Hungarian were textile designers, and system for both pedestrians necessary.
colleagues to develop solutions they also assisted with their and vehicles following the
to specific problems that knowledge and experience analysis of typical accidents in
might arise concerning the with the other groups. residential areas
development of more efficient
road safety. The general The group’s draft dealt with
objective was to increase Group II the problem on two levels. On
traffic safety by creating a Reduction of accidents of the one hand, they worked
system more suited to human motorists and mopeds due with environmental factors in
faculties with, within it, a to the shape and colour of general, while on the other
uniform form-colour-function, helmets and clothing they took as an example local
suitably harmonised with each traffic problems in Keszthely.
other. The general theme was Such helmets were often poorly After mapping typical problems
divided into four action points, designed, and their shapes through a nearby photo safari,
selected based on an overall were often dictated by fashion they made comparative
analysis of road accidents. The rather than reason. The group studies between theory and
participants, divided into four worked on the functional observations. The result has
teams, had to develop means, redesign of crash helmets been a detailed treatment of
solutions and suggestions to for motorcyclists and moped most of the situations that can
improve traffic safety, prevent drivers. He also designed a occur in residential areas and
accidents or reduce their new design for a driver’s seat cities through concrete

126 127
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

ICSID BOARD This chapter treats the The aim was to develop forms 7. NOORDFORM was a
Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, President; information of documents of industrial production that cooperative organization of design
Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, Past associations found to promote
President; inside folder 05-8-6 kept in the would provide work, not in Nordic industrial design and
Mr. Ekkehard Bartsch, Honorary Brighton Design Archive. conflict with the highly sensitive to improve cooperation within
Treasurer; ecosystem or culture of the the industrial environment to
Mr. Arthur Goldreich, Vice The North Cap area includes area. A particularly important better meet the needs of society
President; and industry. It acted as an
Mr. Kazuo Kimura, Vice President; the northern Norway, Sweden objective was to increase intermediary coordinating Nordic
Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary and Finland. National labour-intensive production to research and development projects
General;
Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain, Board
Member; Mr. Peter Lord, Board
Member;
Mr. Terje Meyer, Board Member;
1982, FINLAND boundaries have always
been of lesser importance
in this region and there was
a mix of different language
reduce unemployment. At the
same time, there was a need to
show companies the potential
of employing a designer, and
in the field.

Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board

Member;
Production problems of the Northern Cap groups. The traditional
means of subsistence were
to illustrate the professional
image of the designer.
Mr. Jean-Claude Fenaux, Board
Member. fishing, reindeer farming,
agriculture, forestry and The first two days were spent
mining. It was a one-sided in Rovaniemi Lappia-house8
production based mainly on on lectures that gave basic
raw materials, which destroyed information about the culture, 8. Lappia house, Rovaniemi
the natural environment, while livelihoods and traditions (Finland) 1969-1975, Alvar Aalto.
Nordkalotten unemployment pushed highly of the North Cap area. The Architect Alvar Aalto was

37 Rovaniemi, Finland
9 - 22 August 1982
skilled individuals elsewhere in
search of work. The processing
and service industries were
rest of the time was spent on
practical design work. The
participants were divided into 8
commissioned to design the road
plan for the city of Rovaniemi after
World War II. He designed Lappia
Hall to be the seat of culture, home
participants
growing, but there was still working groups, each of which to the Rovaniemi Theatre but also
very little advanced processing produced its report. used as a venue for events. The
most recognizable part is the fallen
industry. A final factor of roof that represents the Lappish
concern was the culture of heights and the hills illuminated by
the national minority that was Group I the first rays of the morning sun.
gradually dissolving. Carpentry Project I

As other developing countries The group worked with a

and regions shared the same Finnish furniture factory,
concerns, an Interdesign took Lappinus, which did not have
place in Rovaniemi, Finnish its production but was still at
Lapland, in August 1982. It the initial stage when it turned
was organized by the Finnish its production elsewhere, to
Association of Designers Ranua. The company wanted
ORNAMO in Finland and to create job opportunities
coordinated by NORDFORM,7 initially for 4-5 people, and then
the cooperative organization for 10-20 people as production
of associations of designers increased. The working group
in the Nordic countries. Thirty- considered the larger task
seven designers from fourteen only as a problem of furniture
countries attended, divided design: the company needed
into eight groups that dealt with an image, the use of waste
different projects. material, and production
The main theme addressed planning. The working group
Crafts, product design, SMEs, the question of how to promote saw the broader task of
The topic reducing unenployment the production of small and a simple furniture design
medium-sized enterprises problem: the company needed
and crafts in the far north of an image, possible use of
Scandinavia through good waste material and production
product design and planning. planning.

128 129
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

9. In the late 1960s, Finnish Group II managed to create samples Vuotso, the southernmost Sami
schools, kindergartens and of pullovers and suitable village in Finnish Lapland,
Carpentry Project II
public outdoor parks were poorly
equipped with playground caps in 100% wool with a Sodankylä, could become
equipment. In 1970, Antero The group worked with the knitting machine, to support an important craft centre, but
Ikäheimo founded the company company Pohjoiskalotti Oy,9 a the sketches drawn. He finally production had to be based
Oy Pohjoiskalotti - Nordkalotten Ab suggested the company apply on quality and skill, not large
modern carpentry manufacturer
to provide playground equipment
suitable for arctic conditions. The in Rovaniemi. It produced for a government grant for quantities. Except for traditional
company name was changed to modular series for outdoor and product development. production, some new items
Lappset Group Oy in 1991. window parks, especially for could be produced, however,
playgrounds. The factory was based on tradition. To design
not in any kind of crisis or lack Group V them, local people needed
of markets, however, it needed Fur Project additional schooling.
new products as its production
was obsolete and heavily The group worked with Lapin
plagiarized. The group decided Aitoturkis, a fur company with Group VIII
to spend two days of individual only 4 employees founded Packaging Project / Graphics
work and continue later with the in 1980 by Arja Viitala. Her
best proposals. They eventually husband breeds blue and red This group worked with the
managed to provide prototypes foxes. She designs sews and Norwegian company Arnt
of modules, simple and easily sells the products herself in her Larsen Fiskförretning which
combinable with each other, retail store in Kuusamo. The produced fish in about 50
which were later transported group has created a collection different ways. The fish was
to the University of Lapland for of wholesale fox products in a bought by several small boats
testing. middle-range price category. to ensure freshness. Products
were then sold as deep-frozen
and vacumepacked. The
Group III group’s task was to design new
Engineering Shop Project Group VI graphics and all the packaging
Stone Project used, which had to be small,
This group has collaborated informative, strong, cheap and
with a company that produced This group collaborated easily destructible.
tools and equipment for with Lapin Marmori Oy, a
industrial use. The company marble refinery located in
wanted to expand its market Tervola, northern Finland.
and production to include The factory, founded in 1954,
consumer goods. has 23 workers and modest
machinery. The material used
was dolomite, transformed into
Group IV two types of marble: Lappia
Crafts/Textiles Project Ruska and Lappia Green. The
stone is very hard and heavily
The group’s goal was to design decorated but the process
various fabrics for the Lappland was difficult because of the
Handicraft Association, one of breaking of the stone.
21 craft associations in Finland.
After a study on traditional
crafts and the current situation Group VII
of the association, the group Vuotso Project
proposed a knitwear collection,
since the association had no This project involved the
patterns or knitwear design. reorganization of craft
These products would also be production, giving ideas for the
easy to sell and would create marketing and development of
more profit. The group also activities in the tourism sector.

130 131
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

ICSID BOARD
Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, President;
Prof. Arthur J. Pulos, Past
President;
Mr. Ekkehard Bartsch, Honorary
Treasurer;
Mr. Arthur Goldreich, Vice
President;
Mr. Kazuo Kimura, Vice President;
Mr. Loek van der Sande, Secretary
General;
Mr. Alejandro Lazo Margain, Board
Member; Mr. Peter Lord, Board
Member;
Mr. Terje Meyer, Board Member;
1982, NETHERLAND
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Board
Member;
Product design for handicapped persons and
Mr. Jean-Claude Fenaux, Board
Member. elderly people, second generation of plastic
technology

32 Maastricht, Netherland
8 - 24 October 1982
participants

This chapter is essentially industrial designers, Kring Figure 5 - Group on boat,

based on the review of Industrièle Ontwerpers, Interdesign Maastricht. Source:
https://wdo.org/programmes/
documents stored in the suggested the organization of interdesign-through-the-years/
Brighton Design Archive inside an Interdesign to be held in
folder 05-8-4. Maastricht. The convergence
of these interests has led to
10. NV Industriebank LIOF is
In the early 1980s in the a series of four-stage design the Limburg development and
Netherlands, a timely events, of which Interdesign investment company found to
convergence of dynamics has been the football event. strengthen the province’s economic
formed a partnership between This series of events was base. Its four core activities
are Acquisition, Participation,
government, industry and possible thanks to coordinated Development/Innovation and
professional designers. financial support from the Business Parks, as these relate
The interest of N.V. Dutch Ministry of Economic to the location or relocation of
Industriebank LIOF,10 the Affairs, the Province of Limburg foreign companies, venture capital
participation in Limburg companies
development institute of the and the N.V. Industriebank with prospects, the development of
southern province of Limburg, LIOF. In addition, several Dutch programs and projects to sharpen
in industrial design as industries and companies the competitive edge of Limburg
indispensable for the innovation contributed materials and business and the coordination of
the development of new business
process led to the organization services to the events. parks.
of the exhibition Designing for
Product design, transport, Industry in collaboration with The Interdesign in Maastricht 11. KIO - Kring Industrièle
The topic the Bonnefanten Museum in in October 1982 was the first Ontwerpers, the association for
accomodation for disabled and Dutch industrial designers, was
elderly people Maastricht. to be driven aboard a boat. A founded on 15 November 1952.
In a parallel interweaving of river cruise ship, the Solaris, Industrial design was a new
interests KIO11, the Dutch was moored on the Maas River discipline; only two years earlier the
organization of professional and hosted 32 designers from first training for industrial designers
was created, the Eindhoven ALU

132 133
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

13 countries for two weeks. The The Interdesign officially In the upper left: Figure 6 - Work
main missions were two: began with a ceremony in of Alexandra Nagy, Hungary.
Interdesign Maastricht. Source:
> address the problems of the town hall of Maastricht, https://wdo.org/programmes/
designing appropriate where Deputy Mayor interdesign-through-the-years/
products for disabled Wevers welcomed the
people and the growing participants. Work began In the lower left: Figure 7 - Work
of Alexandra Nagy, Hungary.
number of elderly people. with a concentrated briefing Interdesign Maastricht. Source:
The projects could cover: programme, first at the Lucas https://wdo.org/programmes/
1- Everyday tools and Rehabilitation Foundation in interdesign-through-the-years/
tools, with an emphasis on Hoensbroeck, where the needs Archives.
efficient production of the elderly and disabled
2- Transport formed the basis for the
3- Accommodation future work of the designers. Academy for Industrial Design -
> develop concepts for Participants then visited DSM today Design Academy Eindhoven.
In 1996, KIO merged with other
products that could be Plastics’ facilities in Brunssum13 associations to create the current
produced for the second where they received briefs from BNO - Beroepsorganisatie
generation of plastics three subsidized companies. Nederlandse Ontwerpers, a
technology, including for The following days saw visits multidisciplinary association. Wim
Crouwel became the first president
the Dutch industry. to Philips in Eindhoven, the of the new organization.
ELA Studio and the Concern
In considering these issues, Industrial Design Centre. 12. PZOG - Project group sensorial
KIO also told designers At the end of the second week, and organically handicapped,
developed in 1980 by the Dutch
that another goal was to the impressive amount of work government to launch technically
demonstrate to industry, produced, 211 designs and innovative programmes for new
Government and the general models, were presented first aid, and determine the structural
public that industrial designers to the press, and then to the conditions for an effective follow-up
of an inventory of scientific and
work methodically to solve assembled representatives of technological research in the field.
problems and produce projects the participating companies The research showed that
that integrate functional and and institutions. there was a lack of effective
aesthetic features. Among the concepts presented communication and that available
data on the needs of users of
In the Netherlands, at the were an adjustable wheelchair technical aids were insufficient.
beginning of the 1980s, there ramp, several bed systems,
were more than a million a restaurant chair in injection 13. DSM - Dutch State Mines,
handicapped people, 8.7% of moulded plastic, a modular was established in 1902 by the
Dutch government to mine coal
the population of 14 million. seating system for the reserves in the Southern Province
Large sums of money were handicapped, games and other of Limburg. DSM’s diversification
spent on the provision of recreational products for the began as early as 1919 with the
technical aid for their care elderly, a self-standing Crutch, opening of cookery. After 1945 this
diversification into bulk chemicals
and well-being. In 1980 the a weight distribution system and petrochemicals accelerated
Dutch government established for the prevention of decubitus so that by the time the last mine
the project PZOG12 to launch and rehabilitation for injured closed in 1973 DSM was a
innovative programmes for new patients, and a third foot pedal chemical company.
aid. The political emphasis used by disabled people but
had shifted towards improving also by hobbyists in general.
the integration of disabled Following the Interdesign,
people into society. Disabled LlOF showed a selection of
people generally need help to 125 concepts and ideas to
compensate for their functional the manufacturers involved.
disability, but they would like to Of these, 17 were brought into
be as normal as possible. For development or incorporated
greater integration, they need into existing developments.
adapted tools. And it is in this Lastly, an exhibit of a selection
area that designers can make of participants’ work was
their contribution. shown in several cities.

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The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

ICSID BOARD This chapter treats the the practical situation of the 14. SID - Swedish Society of
Mr. Loek van der Sande, President; information of documents amusement park. Divided into Industrial Designers, Svenska
Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, Past Industridesigner, was founded
President; inside folder ICD/9 Docs 38-45, eight groups, the participants in 1957 by Folke Arström, Rune
Mr. Ekkehard Bartsch, Honorary kept in the Brighton Design focused on different areas. Monö, the economic association’s
Treasurer; Archive. theorist Ulf Hård af Segerstad,
Mr. Peter Lord, Secretary General; Hugo Lindström, Rune Zernell and
Dr. Robert Blaich, Vice President; Sigvard Bernadotte.
Mr. Kazuo Kimura, Vice President; The Swedish Society of Group I
Mr. Terje Meyer, Board Member; Industrial Designers, SID,14 Audiovisual communication in 15. Furuvik was a former
Mr. Keith Grant, Board Member;
Mr. Richard Collins, Board
Member;
Mr. Antti Siltavuori, Board Member;
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Board
1984, SWEDEN under the auspices of ICSID
organized an Interdesign in
August 1984 to address the
challenges of developing an
and around the park

The main entrance was a big

problem as people had to
municipally-owned park, but with
a history dating back as far as
1900. Situated outside of the city
of Gävle, it was founded by Oscar
Jakobsson and officially opened
Member;
Mr. Jean-Claude Fenaux, Board
Fun fair for the future amusement park.
Twenty-seven industrial
cross both the railway tracks
and a busy road to get in and
by count Olle Cronstedt. Gävle
Municipality took over the park in
Member. 1983 and sold it in 2004.
designers from ten countries out. The idea of the project
worked on the community- proposed by the group had
run Furuvik Fun Fair Park15 both the function of entry
in Gävle, 150 km north of and that of fun in itself. It was
Stockholm. With a population a high-level passageway
of 88,000, Gävle was the containing amenities such as
most important industrial and lockers, restaurants, etc. As for
2 Furuvik, Sweden
12 - 24 August 1984
commercial centre in one
of the largest and richest
industrial areas of Sweden. As
signage, they proposed two
basic types of characters: a
rigid type for information and a
participants a provincial capital, it was an fun one for fun. The signs, only
important administrative centre, in two shades of one colour,
in which traditional commercial were also to be used outside
and maritime activities the park for recognition, next
were extensive. The city to the road to Arlanda, for
consisted of several modern example.
neighbourhoods with a variety
of amenities and an attractive
environment. It offered a Group II
recreational atmosphere with Ideas for new activities and
open green spaces, parks and attractions
sports fields, as well as a vital
cultural life that gained national To be profitable, the park had
recognition. to attract paying audiences in
The idea was born the year winter as well as in summer.
before when the SDI was part An underused asset is a bad
of a working group together investment. The park had 3
with local authorities and sensory characteristics: a
institutions to develop plans physical envelope, a visual and
for the use of design and an audio.
designers in the promotion Considering the various ages
of employment in the region. of the public, from the very
One of the members of the young to the very old, from the
group was a representative healthy to the sick, the different
Audiovisual communication, of the Furuvik recreation park tastes and dislikes of each
The topic attractions, street furniture, and showed interest in how category had to be taken into
souvenirs designers could contribute to account. The solution of the
the park’s development plans. group was to divide the park
The basic intention was to into different sections to meet
incorporate creativity into specific needs. To unify these

136 137
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

different sections and thus the As for the remaining groups, ICSID BOARD
total park, the creation of Radio the Brighton Archives did not Mr. Loek van der Sande, President;
Mr. Rodolfo Bonetto, Past
Furuvik has been proposed, contain any information on the President;
and a continuous update of results achieved, but the topics Mr. Ekkehard Bartsch, Honorary
information on entertainment covered respectively: Treasurer;
and attractions is in progress in Mr. Peter Lord, Secretary General;
Dr. Robert Blaich, Vice President;
the park. Then the participants Group IV Mr. Kazuo Kimura, Vice President;
indulged in devising a dozen Entrances, equipment, and Mr. Terje Meyer, Board Member;
concepts for attractions in the
park from the “fairy trade trail”
to “swimming with the fish”.
street furniture in the park

Group V
Transport of people and
1985, BELGIUM Mr. Keith Grant, Board Member;
Mr. Richard Collins, Board
Member;
Mr. Antti Siltavuori, Board Member;
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Board

Group III
suppliers in the park Design for basic medical equipment for Member;
Mr. Jean-Claude Fenaux, Board
Member.
Ideas for new activities and Group VI
attractions Souvenirs
developing countries
One of the most important Group VII
aspects on which the The water gardens
group focused was to try to
involve people more in the Group VIII Louvain-La-Neuve,
entertainment facilities, to
dictate the pace, the time and
what they wanted to do. The
The winter gardens

Interdesign ‘84 Furuvik ended,

27 Belgium
20 October –
participants 2 November 1985
group devised nine concepts, like any other Interdesign, with
including Jungle Village, a a presentation to sponsors, the
large children’s playground press and local industrialists.
consisting of a combination
of nets and large pieces of a
canvas where children could
climb. The city of the Moonmen
was instead a large playground
based on a single basic
element, the half-sphere. Other
game structures consisted of
electronic slalom, water mill,
tunnels, floating tubes and
rotating drums. Finally, they
gave wooden souvenirs with
different graphics that children
could take home as a souvenir
of the experience.

Vaccine preservation system,

The topic furniture, data collection

138 139
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

16. The International Conference This chapter is based on the Topic I Topic II Topic III 20. It was just the first phase of the
on Primary Health Care (PHC) review of documents stored in overall project, “From information
Basic furniture for rural health The cold chain - conservation Data collection devices f
stood from 6 to 12 September to alternative solutions”. Two
1978 in Almaty, formerly Alma-Ata, the Brighton Design Archive centres of the vaccine between or field use further phases, “From alternative
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic inside folder 05-8-7. production and use solutions to prototypes” and “From
of USSR, present-day Kazakhstan. This furniture had to take into Effective primary health care prototypes to finished products”,
It expressed the need for urgent Following the UNESCO were to be followed in developing
account the specific situation The success of the depends on the accurate
action by all governments, all countries in close cooperation
health and development workers, Conference on Health held and needs of developing immunization program with recording of medical data. With with local health authorities and
and the world community to protect in Alma Ata in 1978,16 the countries. Western hospital full coverage depends on a strong emphasis on visual development centres.
and promote the health of all Alma Ata Declaration17 set equipment was to be used an uninterrupted chain of communication, the group has
people. The conference summoned the international community a only as a reference. It was cold storage and transport. developed several alternatives,
urgent and effective action to
develop and implement primary clearly defined goal: “Health necessary to exploit indigenous Maintaining this cold chain from classic manual recording
health care throughout the world for all by the year 2000”. This materials, local production encounters critical problems modules to computer systems
and particularly in developing was the point of inspiration that techniques, affordable costs, including delays, inadequate using modern data collection
countries in a spirit of technical pushed ICSID, ICOGRADA18 minimal maintenance and equipment and shortage of techniques. Particular attention
cooperation and in keeping with a
New International Economic Order. and UNESCO to organize ease of maintenance. The supplies. The working group was given to the explanatory
the first joint Interdesign. The World Health Organization’s adopted the following working solutions easily adaptable to
17. The Alma-Ata Declaration theme was inspired by the strategy in promoting primary principles: different environments and
of 1978 emerged as a major lack of basic medical care care suggested giving priority > Solutions had to focus cultures.
milestone of the twentieth century
in the field of public health, and it in rural areas of developing to traditional medicine, mainly on improving They then designed a simple
identified primary health care as countries. Health policies had prevention, education and existing systems and patient registration card that
the key to the attainment of the goal too often focused on building treatment. It suggested products, especially at the contains only the essential
of Health for All. The declaration large, high-tech hospitals in or setting up basic health care most crucial stages of the data for supervision care and
highlighted the inequality of health
status between the developed near large cities. These new centres easily accessible cold chain control, greatly reducing the
and developing countries and buildings excluded a large to the majority of the rural > New systems and products time required for healthcare
termed it politically, socially and part of the rural population population, provided with had to be based on professionals in data analysis.
economically unacceptable. It was and were not the most suitable “barefoot doctors” in addition the local availability of They also developed several
the first international declaration
underlining the importance of tools for carrying out the to specialist doctors. materials and processes, product concepts including
primary health care. essential tasks of prevention After a thorough analysis of low cost, low maintenance a field thermometer, an
and education, which are the criteria and requirements, and high reliability of integrated stamp for vaccine
18. ICOGRADA is the International fundamental for primary health the designers came up with equipment containers, a bracelet which
Council of Graphic Design
Associations founded in London care in these regions of the several concepts: > All equipment included can be set to remind the
on 27 April 1963 by the graphic world.19 > a modular range of steel in the cold chain had patient of treatment, and a
designers Peter Kneebone furniture with plywood to be easily usable and small portable computer.
and Willy de Majo. The original The Interdesign drew 13 shelving; maintainable
Members include 28 associations
from 17 European countries. It designers and four medical > a range of furniture made > Since many problems are
achieved consultative status with consultants from 14 different entirely of wood with due to human factors, Two days before the start
UNESCO in 1972. countries to the University of uniform basic elements that the design had to aim of the event Josine des
Louvain-La-Neuve in Belgium can be easily assembled to reduce the effects of Cressonnières, who had
19. An increasing number of
developing countries were to develop ideas for basic using locally made human error. helped in the preparations
establishing a decentralized medical equipment. They connectors; as President of the ICSID-
system of health services, but received basic information > an examination table which The team then improved UNESCO Commission, died.
this decentralization required the from several outside specialists also served as a stretcher, existing equipment and Director of the Belgian Design
support of a central planning and
policy system that based decisions in the areas of tropical consisting of a simple devised new products and Centre and Secretary General
on reliable feedback from field medicine, disaster relief metal band structure systems based on the need of ICSID from its inception in
data. and other sources.In just 10 with a reduced set of for visual detection of vaccine 1961 until 1977, she took an
working days, they studied the interchangeable elements; deterioration, the scarcity of active part in the preparations
problems related to 3 topics. > a lightweight work table reliable energy sources and but failed to see the results.
with a simple tilt and height the reliability of refrigeration This project demonstrated the
adjustment mechanism; machines that store vaccines. potential of industrial designers
> a step-by-step working in interdisciplinary
manufacturing instruction teams with health specialists,
kit for local craftsmen, also developing solutions in
with illustrations instead of highly specialized fields.20
technical drawings.

140 141
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

ICSID BOARD This chapter is essentially Industrielle22 and the Ensci - «What today is changed, and
Mr. Peter Lord, President; based on the review of Ecole nationale supérieure de
Mr. Loek van der Sande, Past
documents stored in the creation industrielle,23 which what makes the concept of
President;
Dr. Robert Blaich, Secretary Brighton Design Archive hosted the participants from interactivity so interesting
General; inside folder ICD/9 ICSID 29 September to 11 October. today is not the sudden
Mr. Antti Siltavuori, Honorary INTERDESIGNS 1985 - 1989. Evert Endt was chosen as the
Treasurer; appearance of objects able to
Mr. Pere Aguirre, Vice President; coordinator, while Danielle interact, but the new quality
Mr. Alexander Neumeister, Vice By the mid-1980s there was Quarante was appointed by the
President; Mr. Richard Collins,
Board Member;
Mr. Keith Grant, Board Member;
Prof. Danielle Quarante, Board
Member;
1986, FRANCE a growing concern about
interactivity concepts. It
was expected that it would
profoundly affect many aspects
ICSID as its representative.
Thirty-four participants from
twenty countries examined
the role of the designer in
of this interaction, due to
the new qualities of objects
invested by the electronic and
communication technology
Mr. Zoltán Szabó, Board Member;
Mr. Nils J. Tvengsberg, Board
Rendez-Vous with Interactivity of our daily life. Interactivity
is involved wherever there is
interactivity. The choice
of theme responded to
diffusion.» 21
Member.
communication or dialogue, a perceived need at the
it is a revolution in the international level and to Ezio Manzini
dynamics of social behaviour. a primordial interest for
is a concept that concerns France, about to implement
the new possibilities of a “cable plan”. The task of
communication technologies; the designers, divided into
it is a quality or a potential seven groups and assisted
34 Paris, France
29 September –
11 October 1986
for maximum interaction
between media and users of
such systems. Interactivity
by experts from different
disciplines, was to anticipate
and define new applications
21. Ezio Manzini, The “Quasi
subject object” and his personality
participants
modifies the classical for interactive systems, and to 22. APCI - Agence pour la
scheme of communication. suggest products and systems promotion de la création
From a simple receiver or integrated into the environment industrielle, was created in 1983
by the ministries of industry
communicator of a message, in which these future interactive and culture to contribute to
the individual accesses a systems will operate. the promotion of design, the
communication space where approximation of culture, research
exchanges become richer and Going beyond the issues of and industry. It is a recognized
association of general interest
are carried out in a multilateral technological choices, the work with the aim of enhancing design
way. Rather an “immaterial” of designers has been based in France and abroad, as a key
subject, interactivity is not a on three main approaches: factor in the competitiveness of
fruitful field of investigation > analysis and evaluation businesses and economic, social
and cultural innovation. She is
for designers called to reflect of existing applications of known for organizing the Stelle
on the involvement of the interactivity in France and dell’Osservatore del Design since
profession in the visual ecology abroad; 1999, an international award
of technological means and to > anticipation and analysis of that rewards the best design
achievements.
set in motion their imagination future needs and uses;
at the service of future uses. > definition of new concepts 23. Ensci - Ecole nationale
By anticipating technological and services for both supérieure de creation industrielle
changes and adapting them individual and public use. was founded in 1982 under the
sponsorship of Jean Prouvé
to improve the quality of and Charlotte Perriand. It’s the
our everyday environment, The groups had to explore first and only French national
designers become catalysts for topics from different angles: institute exclusively devoted to
new lifestyles. interactivity at home, at advanced studies in design, a
public commercial and industrial
work, in transport, in public establishment under the authority
Relationship between In 1986 an Interdesign areas and public institutions, of both the Ministry of Culture
The topic interactive objects and users was organized in Paris to cultural, educational, and and the Ministry of Industry. Its
conceptualize new forms of administrative. foundation was a question of
breaking with academic models
interactivity. It was organized by placing creation at the heart
by the APCI - Agence pour la of industrial production and thus
Promotion de la Création reconnecting with the spirit of

142 143
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

In the upper right: Figure 8 - Group Group I The participants were overall
VI, Les Ateliers Interdesign, Paris. Growth in human very unfamiliar with this
Ref: ICD/9 ICSID INTERDESIGNS
1985 - 1989 (uncatalogued). ICSID communication; Understanding still quite futuristic field of
Archive, University of Brighton between cultures interactivity. Hence probably
Design Archives. the inevitable slippage
Group II towards too product-
In the lower right: Figure 9 - Les
Ateliers Interdesign, Paris. Ref: Vers l’objet interactif individuel? oriented applications. The
ICD/9 ICSID INTERDESIGNS groups worked on the user’s
1985 - 1989 (uncatalogued). ICSID Group III relationship with the interactive
Archive, University of Brighton Interactivité pour object, taking as a starting
Design Archives.
l’environnement social et urbain point the object itself and not
the system. They proposed
Group IV the introduction of interactive
the Bauhaus or Black Mountain Total interactive space enterprises, companies,
College.
boutiques, public spaces and
Group V interactive social places, with a
Interactivity; Door to strong emphasis on automation
communication and video conferencing. The
most interesting works have
Group VI focused on the prospects for
An interactive program cultural change implied by new
technologies. Indeed, the lack
Group VII of references to cultural and
Interactivity + Home social impact on the subject
made it difficult to exercise a
design that could be called “of
the fourth dimension”.

The impact of this Interdesign,

beyond the “tangible” results
it has produced, is very
encouraging for the awareness
it has aroused about this
new sector and the potential
responsibility of design.

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The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

ICSID BOARD This chapter reviews the In contrast to traditional work, 24. Appendix 6.4, Interdesign ‘88
Dr. Robert Blaich, President; information of documents the worker operating with Hungary, ICD/9 Docs 154-170
Mr. Peter Lord, Past President;
Dr. Wolfgang Swoboda, Treasurer; stored in folder ICD/9 Docs a computer becomes an 25. Ron Nabarro is an industrial
Ms. Anne-Marie Boutin, Vice 154-170, preserved in the integrated part of the human- designer, design strategist,
President; Brighton Design Archive. equipment-environment entrepreneur, educator, and
Mr. Vinay Jha, Vice President; system. This two-way researcher. Born in 1946 in
Mr. Nils J. Tvengsberg, Vice Leyden, Holland, and immigrated
President; How could design cope with connection between the to Israel in 1950, he has played
Mr. Shoji Ekuan, Board Member; the challenge of a surprising operator and the machine a leading role in the emergence
Ms. June Fraser, Board Member;
Prof. Sasa Mächtig, Board Member;
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Board
Member;
Mr. Zoltán Szabó, Board Member.
1988, HUNGARY expansion of information
technology? To answer
this question, in 1988 the
State Office for Technical
creates a closed system
that generates numerous
consequences given by the
reduction of the worker’s
of age-friendly design and age-
friendly design education.
He is a practising designer since
1970 when he graduated from the
Bezalel Academy of Art & Design.
Design and Information Technology Development Bureau of the
Hungarian Council of Industrial
physical movement area,
its unilateral and simplified
Executive board member in ICSID
from 1999-2003 and 2018, is
an Executive board member of
Design, the Hungarian position and the forced position ISDT, the International Society of
Chamber of Commerce and the necessary for the performance design thinking. He received 24
Ministry of Industry organized of the work. national and international design
an Interdesign in Esztergom, As for the psychological awards. Prof. Nabarro teaches
Design Strategy, Design Thinking,
Hungary. The motto was: aspect, on the other hand, Entrepreneurship, and Age-friendly
the substitution of man-man design in Universities and design
« The target is not the product communications with man- schools In Israel and China.

2 Esztergom, Hungary
18 September –
1 October 1988
itself but the human being.» 24
Lászlo Moholy Nagy
machine communications
has deprived individuals of
the possibility of maintaining
participants
constant contact with others,
Esztergom, a city 40 km leading to some repercussions
from Budapest is a Catholic on the psyche of workers.
cultural and religious centre
with rich traditions. Here is the Four main approaches to
Institute of Training of Industrial the problem of computer
Managers where twenty-six workstations have been
designers from twelve countries suggested:
gathered. Among them were > Study the basic
many young designers who ergonomics of workplaces Prof. Ron Nabarro, ageCulture ltd.,
Israel
had just left school. from the design point of
In Hungary, information began view;
to spread in the 1970s. In 1968, > Outline structures and
only 29 computers operated basic construction;
in the country, while in 1988 > Develop concepts for
their number had exceeded system construction
hundreds of thousands. As through the design of
a result of this process, the modular and variable
number of employees in this elements;
field of information technology > Develop a concept for the
had increased rapidly. IT system based on the
But new technologies do not expected development of
always provide an improvement IT.
in the working conditions of On the first day, ergonomists,
Workplaces, ergonomics and employees. The introduction psychologists, anthropologists
The topic automation of new devices without proper and industrial experts
consideration of all aspects of informed designers about the
work could worsen the worker’s possibilities of technology in
position, introducing physical Hungary. Participants then
and psychological problems. visited the energy distribution

146 147
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

26. John Roland Houghton (1944 centre of the Hungarian problems to consider in
- 2022) was a British industrial Electricity Works Trust in the modern control room design.
designer, based in Norway since
1971. He worked for Philips and Buda Castle and the computer The adjustment of the
Gustav A. Ring before starting his centre of the Weapon and equipment and the general
own freelance design company in Gasdevices Factory, to see structure of the control room is
1980, the Anglo Nordic Design A/S. first-hand the problems they the most important feature in
He worked mainly on art in the form
of sculptures and images, but also face. case of expected changes.
on selected design projects or as On the third day of Interdesign,
a design and materials consultant, the participants were divided
such as plastic, whose properties into groups. Four experienced II. Office automation
he knew well.
and exceptional designers
27. György Lissák (1941- 2009) were invited to take on the Office life was becoming more
Mihály Munkácsy was an award- leadership of the teams: David technical and complicated.
winning Hungarian industrial Higgins (UK), Ron Nabarro25 While the physical environment
artist, industrial designer, and art
historian. He studied design at the (Israel), John Houghton26 of the automated office
Hungarian Academy of Applied (Norway) and Soumyajit Ghosal remained traditional,
Arts, where he graduated in 1966. 27
(India). The four leaders employees spent up to 80% of
Subsequently, he studied art provided valuable help to Dr their time in front of a screen,
history at Eötvös Loránd University
and defended his doctoral thesis György Lissák, the industrial mainly doing data processing.
in 1987 on the subject of design designer who directed the two
aesthetics. During his design work, weeks of work. Mr Ghosal was
he created metallurgical machinery the Doctor of Ergonomics, and III. CAD workstation
projects as an employee of
Kohászati Gyárpítő Vállalat, worked in giving an initial orientation
at the Civil Engineering Company he stressed the need and The overall goal was to
and then at the Silicate Industry importance of ergonomic make the computer task as
Research Institute. Lissák created principles. The atmosphere of convenient and easy to use as
and taught the topic of product
communication in universities. For Ron Nabarro’s group was more possible. The poor physical
this purpose, he wrote in 1988 the playful and showed firsthand design of workplaces may
aesthetic work on design Formár. how to design by means of a cause musculoskeletal health
computer, an activity not known problems, visual strain, etc.
to all participants. When working at the computer,
designers often change their
The designers worked in posture or activity, often as a
four teams, however, this result of a change in thinking.
distribution was mainly a
formality because there
was a need for cooperation The resulting concepts ranged
between the groups since the from specific products such as
solution of the tasks required footrests and adjustable seats
a complex approach. They to entire workstations.
have put forward proposals for
the development of a better
and more humane working
environment, paying particular
attention to three aspects.

I – Control rooms Figure 10 - Interdesign Hungary

1988, page 34 of the report.
Excessive information flow Ref: ICD/9 ICSID INTERDESIGNS
and visual activity, static 1985 - 1989 (uncatalogued). ICSID
Archive, University of Brighton
fatigue and stress, due to Design Archives.
environmental or social liability
factors, are the most essential

148 149
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

ICSID BOARD This chapter treats the

Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, President; information of documents
Dr. Robert Blaich, Past President;
Dr. Wolfgang Swoboda, Treasurer; inside folder ICD/9 Docs
Ms. Anne-Marie Boutin, Board 154-170, kept in the Brighton
Member; Design Archive.
Mr. Paul Y.J. Cheng, Board
Member;
Mr. Angelo Cortesi, Board Member; During the period 1970 - 80 in
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Board Sweden there was a decrease
Member;
Ms. June Fraser, Board Member;
Mr. András Mengyán, Board
Member;
Prof. Sasa Machtig, Board Member;
1989, NORWAY in the death rate between
70 - 80 years of age by 19%,
a much greater percentage
than expected. Data from the
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Board
Member.
Design for Elderly People National Bureau of Statistics
in Sweden supported the
idea of increasing active life
expectancy. The increase in life
expectancy and vitality among
the elderly was the result of
improved living conditions and
new medical technologies that
facilitate a better chance of
35 Kristiansund, Norway
1 – 13 June 1989
compensating for functional
loss due to ageing or disease.
With the increasing number
participants
of pensioners in industrialized
countries, there was a need
to adapt the environment, for
example, housing and traffic
systems, to the needs of the
elderly. The “Third generation”
would be a predominant part
of the future society, and
demanded a revaluation of
many areas as the supply of through knowledge and Figure 12 - ICSID Interdesign
awareness, without increasing Design For Elderly, Final Report
auxiliary health workers was ICSID Long Term Project, p27.
declining. the cost of living. There Ref: ICD/9 ICSID INTERDESIGNS
To find solutions to this was a need to disseminate 1985 - 1989 (uncatalogued). ICSID
challenge, 35 product considerations, investigations, Archive, University of Brighton
debates and alternatives, with Design Archives.
designers28 gathered in an
Interdesign in Kristiansund, particular emphasis on the
Norway, organized in dwelling of an elderly person.
collaboration with UNESCO A properly designed project for
the elderly had to support their 28. Participants came from Taiwan,
and ICOGRADA. It was the the United States, Brazil, Japan
direct result of the project functional and emotional needs and eight European countries.
Design of Basic Medical simultaneously.
29. The project was supported by
Equipment for Developing the Social Department, Norwegian
Countries in Belgium in 1985. Industrial Designers, Norwegian
Unfortunately, UNESCO was Group I Design Council, More and Romsdal
Hygiene, ergonomics, interior unable to follow up on the The rooms of an elderly person County Council, Kristiansund
The topic design, communication financial part.29 Council and several private
The best home for an elderly industries.
network The goal was to give examples
of improvements that could person is their own home and
be implemented in the living the best room in their own
conditions of the elderly room. Many seniors often

150 151
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

choose to stay in the house Group IV ICSID BOARD

they have always lived in, as Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, President;
Manual handling at home
Dr. Robert Blaich, Past President;
their homes were filled with Dr. Wolfgang Swoboda, Treasurer;
memories, and memories Manual functions should be Ms. Anne-Marie Boutin, Board
mean a lot to the elderly. The made comfortable for people Member;
working group had to consider Mr. Paul Y.J. Cheng, Board
with reduced motor ability,
Member;
spaces and the general layout especially for elderly people Mr. Angelo Cortesi, Board Member;
of the house, as well as the whose muscles require Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Board
coordination and integration of
the suggestions and views of
the other four groups. For the
design, they took into account
constant activity in order to
avoid serious complications.
Although electronic gadgets
seem ideal, there is a risk of
1989, JAPAN Member;
Ms. June Fraser, Board Member;
Mr. András Mengyán, Board
Member;
Prof. Sasa Machtig, Board Member;
factors such as ergonomics,
easy accessibility, ease of
addiction to gadgets instead of
physical exertion.
Living with Water Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Board
Member.
management, and reduction of
stretching and stretching.
Group V
New connections at home
Group II
Food and facilities for cooking Manual functions should be
at home made comfortable for people

Due to the changing memory,

sight, movement and hand
with reduced motor ability,
especially for elderly people
whose muscles require
Toyama, Japan
1 – 16 October 1989
2
participants
strength of a person during constant activity in order to
ageing, it was necessary to re- avoid serious complications.
evaluate cooking techniques. Although electronic gadgets
Cooking facilities were seem ideal, there is a risk of
usually developed from an addiction to gadgets instead of
industrial perspective and for physical exertion.
a different audiences, living in
different situations. Products
and environments had to be Information processing
designed to accommodate the time increases with age, so
full range of skills associated messages must be as clear
with each level of the ageing and concrete as possible.
process. The group tried to create a
coordinated vision of the home
of an elderly person in order to
Group III develop an integrated system
Hygienic facilities in the home that would use the results
of microelectronics: telefax,
Some general proposals were personal computer, telephone
made for the improvement video recorder and terminals.
of sanitary spaces for the The group also designed
elderly in areas such as body alternative communication
cleaning, sinks, toilet design centres based on an electronic
and lighting. One of the communication network,
projects involved an adjustable suitable for use by older people Educational kits, water park,
toilet box. with impaired vision, hearing or
The topic playgrounds, water filtration,
impaired motor skills. cultivation of desert areas

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The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

30. JIDA - Japan Industrial Design This chapter treats of water resources such as
Association, was founded in 1952 fundamentally the information springs, rivers, waterfalls
to promote and raise awareness
of industrial design in Japan of documents preserved in and lakes. he control of
and abroad. It’s organized into the Brighton Design Archive in these waters and floods is
nationwide centres and five folder ICD/9 Docs 117-124. an integral part of its history.
regional blocks. The centre’s
The population of Toyama
activities are focused on six public
interest projects: surveys and had been so successful in
research, seminars, hands-on We tend to take water for sublimating its waters that the
activities, qualification granting, granted, and forget its city was becoming known for
museums, and exchanges. In importance to our lives. We its water culture.
addition, each block activity
promotes the value of industrial can’t survive without water. Located in the northwest of
design and regional revitalization Water is for the civilization Toyama Prefecture, the city of
through seminars and workshops. of man what blood is for Takaoka, where Interdesign
the human organism. When took place, is traditionally
31. JIDPO - Japan Industrial
Design Promotion Organization, the water is clear and well- renowned for its craft
now Japan Institute of Design controlled, our civilization is industries.
Promotion, was founded in 1969 in good condition. On the The event was coordinated
with the goal of promoting industrial contrary, when water suffers, by Yasutaka Suge of Japan,
design. It issues the annual
Good Design Awards, the only our civilization also suffers. In Dmitry Azrikan of the Soviet
comprehensive evaluation and a country like Japan, where Union, and Cooper Woodring33
recommendation system of design there is plenty of water, of the United States.
in Japan. people take this resource Interdesign focused on
32. 18-22 October 1989, too much for granted and learning, enjoyment and
Nagoya (Japan) – The Emerging tend to mismanage it. But working with water, and the
Landscape: Order and Aesthetics in desert countries, where general theme “Living with
in the Information Age. water is a scarce resource, water” was divided into six
33. Cooper C. Woodring (1937- people cannot afford to enjoy sub-themes, one for each
2021) was a former President it. Water is not only one of the working group in which the 36
and Chair of IDSA - the Industrial indispensable elements of participants from 14 countries
Designers Society of America from nature, but it is also something were distributed. Since
1985-1986. He earned a bachelor’s
degree in industrial design from to enjoy, beautiful to see, and water itself is physically very
the University of Kansas and tasty to drink. There is a rich difficult to grasp, the theme
a master’s degree in design culture of experiencing the of Interdesign was difficult to
from the renowned Cranbrook surrounding water, especially grasp at first. The work was
Academy of Art in Bloomfield
Hills, MI. Woodring spent the in Toyama Prefecture, where guided by the agreement that
majority of his career as manager the first Interdesign was held in nobody taught anyone, but
of product design and new Japan. everyone learned from each
product development at JCPenney Organized in October 1989 by other.
Company in New York City,
America’s third largest retailer at JIDA - Japan Industrial Design
that time. He received the industrial Association,30 JIDPO - Japan
design profession’s highest award, Industrial Design Promotion Topic I. Learning from Water
IDSA’s Personal Recognition Award Organization,31 and by Toyama Understanding the nature of
in 1992. He also was a member of
the Intellectual Property Owners Prefecture just before the water through the study of its
Association. He served as an ICSID World Design Congress shape and behaviour.
expert witness in design patent in Nagoya in October,32 was
litigation and co-founded the one of the main events of the Group 1A
Design Protection Section of IDSA.
In 2007 HE served a 10-month National Design Year Program The group “Kito-Kito” proposed
term as interim executive director of Japan. the creation of a new natural Figure 11 - Icsid Interdesign ‘89
of IDSA. Toyama Prefecture is located park, for which an area was Toyama’, 1989. International
almost in the middle of the already identified. The group’s Council of Graphic Design
narrow stretch of the Japanese name, Kito-Kito, is composed Associations (ICOGRADA)
Archive. University of Brighton
archipelago, about 300 km of Chinese characters for the Design Archives. GB 1837 DES/
north of Nagoya. Toyama is a water capital. The goal of the ICO/3/19/113’ on the Archives Hub
mini-japan, with a wide offer group was to restore the website

154 155
The '80s - A decade of changes The '80s - A decade of changes

understanding of natural Topic II. Enjoying Water and the roads were back on
harmony that must exist if Playing with water, the road.
we are to initiate micro-scale regeneration of body and mind
actions that affect our future.
They argued that this park Group 2A Topic III. Working with Water
would be an important resource The approach of the “Juin” The use of water in our
for improving life, inducing group was to bring to water daily lives, both indoors and
curiosity and contributing people who were not too outdoors
to promoting local and familiar with this element.
international identity, being a Considering that not all Group 3A
permanent ecological addition children grew up to be prone The group “Misu Wa Inochi,
to architecture. The natural to water and that not everyone water is life” has worked in
park was divided into five is familiar with playing with this three subgroups using a
functional areas, five pavilions element, the group proposed special ion change technique
including an exhibition of a playground where children to transform polluted water
history and culture, one on the had the opportunity to play and salt water into fresh
aspects of the game and an with water and have fun. The water. Thinking about the
interactive experience area. playground had several pools, environmental situation,
The ultimate goal was to get made of prefabricated modules the group has developed
people to leave the park with that could be joined together to several products that use this
more respect for the water. create pools of different sizes. technique. They proposed,
There were different depths among other projects, the
Group 1B of water, so children could creation of a “life straw” useful
Following a less macroscopic start with very low water and in survival situations to purify
approach, the group “Uzumaki” then increase. The group also water, a volume meter, and an
devised educational kits for designed some products, such evaporative refrigerator for the
children designed according as water cushions or other driest parts of the world.
to age and psychological equipment that could fit into
development, to teach various this playground or could be Group 3B
aspects of water through the located elsewhere. The “Aqua Handlers” group
five senses. They considered tackled the problem of food
various forms of water, such as Group 2B cultivation and land use
ice water in liquid or gaseous The main focus of the group in desert areas. Proposals
form, and the movement of “Waterflies” was the simple included the provision of
water, such as in a watercolour enjoyment of water. Focusing areas for food production, the
or foaming water. In addition to on the water in the city, they replacement of expansion
science, they also focused on proposed the construction in desert areas with their
culture, designing four different of a moat inside the city as revitalization, and various
educational kits, one for infants, a small-scale project. They projects for wind-powered
one for primary school children, also proposed to fill the equipment to be used in
an outdoor kit and a school kit. streets with water to create agriculture. They also took
The group managed to achieve a structure similar to that of care of the disabled, who
maximum educational benefits ponds using Tokyo as an have difficulty washing and
based on a minimum amount of example: sometimes the for whom water could provide
basic elements. streets in the city were closed relief. Finally, they proposed a
and defined as “the paradise concept for the maintenance
of the people”. After 9 in the of the house and the interior,
evening, the fountains gushed which uses a system of
water to create a moat, to enjoy washing with compressed
the reflections of light and the water instead of elbow oil or
sounds of water, providing a abrasive chemicals.
very refreshing experience,
especially in summer. At 3
a.m., the water was drained

156 157
The ‘90s
5
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

The nineties is remembered as a decade of

relative peace and prosperity. The ending
of Cold War, the collapse of the communist
regimes, and the rise of the internet pushed
in a new era of communication, business
THE ‘90s
and entertainment. Many countries saw World Trade A peaceful decade of union

1995
an economic boom and a spreading organization
globalization. 1 January,
The founding of
the WTO leads
between East and West
to economic
globalization
characterized by
1992 free trade.

NATO bombing
World Food Summit

1996
NATO bombing
13-17 November,
campaign against
Rome, Italy.
Serb artillery
UN FAO announces
positions in Bosnia Euro

1999
The Maastricht Summit. Photograph: that 18 million people
Albert Overbeek Leads to a Peace 1 January,
Collapse of the Soviet die annually in the third Stem Cell Research
1991

1998
agreement. Eleven countries adopt
Union world from hunger and
Maastricht Treaty
undernourishment. The Stem cells derived from Euro as their currency.
On December 25, 1991, 7 February, meeting saw the adoption the human embryo During the first three
Gorbachev resigned as Twelve member states sign Ebola virus of the Rome Declaration were first isolated. The years it was used only for
President of the Soviet the decree leading to the on World Food Security report published in the accounting purposes and
Union. The next day the foundation of a European The Ebola virus and the World Food scientific journal Science for electronic payments.
Supreme Soviet officially Union (EU), with EU kills 244 Africans Summit Plan of Action, marked the beginning The coins and banknotes
announces the end of the citizenship granted to every in Kikwit, Zaire in to strive to eradicate of the modern era of went into circulation on
Soviet Union. citizen of a member state. Central Africa. hunger. regenerative medicine. January 1, 2002.

The 1st Web Page Dissolution of Yugoslavia London Protocol Google

28 April, 4 September,
Tim Berners-Lee publishes Industrialized countries
Growing ethnic tensions The search engine Google is
a formal proposal for the agree to stop dumping
had led to violent founded by the brilliant idea
World Wide Web, outlining waste into the oceans of the
fratricidal warfare. With of the founders Lawrence
principal concepts and world. The protocol expressly
the referendum of 1991 ‘Larry’ Page and Sergey Brin,
defining important terms prohibits incineration at sea
Slovenia and Croatia two young computer science
behind the web. and the export of wastes and

1996
Photograph: Tim Graham
decided to independence, PhD students at Stanford
other matters for the purpose
starting the dissolution University.
Channel Tunnel of ocean dumping.
of Yugoslavia. The 1992
independence of Bosnia 6 May,
During a ceremony
1992

and Herzegovina was the

final blow to the Socialist presided over by Queen
Republic. Elizabeth II and French
1990

President Francois
Mitterrand, the rail tunnel

1998
under the English Channel
was officially opened,
1994

connecting Britain and the

European mainland.
Tim’s original proposal.
Source: CERN

160 161
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

The 1990s saw a shift in All with a view to industrial

INTERDESIGN
Interdesign’s focus from production, linked to the
Europe to the Global South. strengthening of local
Twelve Interdesigns were industries and to highlighting

1990, Nova Gorica, Yugoslavia

organized in eleven countries, the cultural identity of the
dealing with the most disparate place. Particular attention was
themes, but with a great also given to the theme of

1992, Inari, Finland 1996, Ventspil, Latvia

focus on the environment, social inclusion, accessibility

‘90s sustainable design education

and the management of
fundamental resources such as
water and forests.
and design for children and
people with disabilities.

1999, Seoul, South Korea

1994, Bergslagen, Sweden
1994, Bogotá, Colombia

Rainwater Hydropower
Sustainable Design
Education
Supply systems Water
Environment
Forestry Tourism
Resource Materials
Governance
Wood management

Urban planning Transport Accessibility

Graphics
Roads Health
Housing Recycling system
Communication
Quality of life
Playgrounds Economy
Cultural identity Work & leisure
1996, Cuernavaca, Mexico
1999, Cuernavaca, Mexico

Local industries Industry

TOPICS
1990, Bauhaus Dessau, GDR

Furniture
Small business
1993, Potsdam, GDR

Interior design Food industry

1993, Florianopolis, Brasil

Product design
1999, Brisbane, Australia

Lighting
1995, Launceston, Tasmania
1999, Pretoria, South Africa

Textile Toys

162 163
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

ICSID BOARD This chapter treats Group I 1. ICSID Conference -

Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, President; Ljubljana, Slovenia. “Design at the
fundamentally the information Preparation and intake of food
Dr. Robert Blaich, Past President; Crossroads. A Time of Change”.
Dr. Wolfgang Swoboda, Treasurer; of documents preserved in The 17th ICSID Congress Ljubljana
Ms. Anne-Marie Boutin, Board the Brighton Design Archive in The group analysed three main 92 was the first world congress to
Member; folder ICD/9 Docs 117-124. aspects. be held in Slovenia. There were
Mr. Paul Y.J. Cheng, Board about 40 participants from 30
> A work surface for the foreign states, most from Japan,
Member;
Mr. Angelo Cortesi, Board Member; Interdesign in Yugoslavia was preparation of food at Taiwan and America, and 80
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Board considered part of a long-term home: it was necessary participants from Slovenia.
Member;
Ms. June Fraser, Board Member;
Mr. András Mengyán, Board
Member;
Prof. Sasa Machtig, Board Member;
1990, YUGOSLAVIA plan to improve the country’s
industrial design. The plan to
organize one of its own was
initiated by the organization
to better use the working
surfaces in the kitchen, in
addition to appliances;
> Food intake in the kitchen:
2. The Designers Society of
Slovenia, established in 1951, is
the only professional association in
Slovenia. It represents all different
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Board
Member.
Living and Working Environment of the 17th Worldesign ICSID
Ljubljana ‘91.1 As project
the problem of eating at
the rapid pace of daily
designer profiles and design areas:
industrial design, unique product
design, visual communication
manager was chosen Mr Lado life and in relatively small design, set design, costume
Kosir, and The Designers’ apartments. design and photography
Society of Slovenia - DOS,2 a > Food intake in a special
3. Participants came frome Brazil
member of the Federal Society room: the dining room in (1), Denmark (2), France (2),
SPID-YU contributed greatly. the house or on a guest list. Hungary (1), India (1) Iran (1), Italy
The Yugoslav furniture industry (1), Israel (1), Poland (1), Sweden
Nova Gorica, is a strong economic factor. (1), UK/Norway (1), USSR (1), West

28 Yugoslavia - currently
Slovenia
However, contemporary
design as a marketing tool
was not fully recognized.
Group II
Growing equipment of child’s
surroundings
Germany (2), and Yugoslavia (13).

participants 2 – 17 July 1990

Therefore Interdesign focused
on the furniture industry for The group worked on two
everyday Living and Working different age groups
Environment. > From birth to the tenth year
of life, a period in which a
In July 1990, fifteen foreign child changes his habits
designers from twelve essentially every year, in
countries3 and thirteen which he grows in height
Yugoslav designers gathered and his needs grow with
in Nova Gorica. The city, near each year of age;
the Adriatic coast, at the foot > From the tenth year
of the Julian Alps and on onwards, when the child
the edge of the Karst, was goes from childhood to
the administrative, cultural adolescence and begins
and economic centre of the to develop the needs of an
region. She was well known adult, even if he still lacks
for her craft tradition, a town independence.
of furniture Manufactures.
Participants at the Nova
Gorica School of Woodworking Group III
focused on the humanization of Sleeping facilities
this industry and were divided
into groups to focus on the five The group designed multi-
tasks selected. purpose furniture elements for
Furniture, interior design, rest, illness and reading and
The topic child’s equipment designed functional lights. Rest
facilities had to meet quality,
ergonomics and functionality
requirements.

164 165
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

Group IV The groups produced life-

Furniture elements as resting size models and numerous
facilities drawings, exhibited at the
closing exhibition in September
Laminated wooden structures 1990 in the gallery of the Meblo
for daily rest at home and in Furniture Exhibition.
public places. In addition to the cooperative
work in Interdesign as a whole,
there were also two competition
Group V moments: two competitions
Outdoor furniture were held, one to design a new
logo and the other to design
The scope was divided into the fruit juice store. Despite
three categories. the short time available and
> Public buildings: pensions, the friendly atmosphere, these
parks. competitions have led to
> House: garden and awards and certificates given
balcony. by competent juries, and the
> Transport and storage. expectation of further contacts
between the companies and
the winners to proceed to the
The mix of young and old development of the work.
designers experienced
interdesigners and newcomers
has contributed a lot to the
very stimulating and creative
atmosphere.

Figure 1 - Group photo with

participants’ signatures. ICSID
Interdesign Yugoslavia. Ref: ICD/9
ICSID INTERDESIGNS 1989 - 1990,
doc 121 (uncatalogued). ICSID
Archive, University of Brighton
Design Archives.

166 167
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

ICSID BOARD This chapter is based on the contact with daycare centres 4. The debate at UNESCO in
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, President; review of documents stored in for disabled children in Berlin the 1980s revolved around the
Dr. Robert Blaich, Past President; relationship between culture
Dr. Wolfgang Swoboda, Treasurer; the Brighton Design Archive and Dessau, and with the and development. In December
Ms. Anne-Marie Boutin, Board inside folder ICD/9 Docs 117- paediatric unit of Dessau 1986 the United Nations General
Member; 124. County Hospital. These Assembly passed a resolution
Mr. Paul Y.J. Cheng, Board contacts were both motivating proclaiming 1988-1997 as
Member; the World Decade for Cultural
Mr. Angelo Cortesi, Board Member; In the German Democratic and informative. Participants Development. This resolution
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Board Republic, comprehensive were divided into four groups set out four main objectives: “to
Member;
Ms. June Fraser, Board Member;
Mr. András Mengyán, Board
Member;
Prof. Sasa Machtig, Board Member;
1990, GDR care for all physically and
mentally disabled persons
was an integral part of the
government’s social assistance
to address different aspects of
the theme.
recognise the cultural dimension
of development”, “to affirm and
enrich cultural identities”, “to
broaden participation in culture”,
and “Promote international cultural
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Board
Member.
Toys for children’s rehabilitation policy. The right to education,
vocational training and
Group I
Toys for promoting the active
cooperation” (United Nations,
1986).
employment was established discovery of the environment
by law. In the late 1980s,
the number of places in The group had to design toys
rehabilitation homes, especially through which children could
for children and young people easily explore and test their
with severe mental disabilities, surroundings. These toys had
Bauhaus Dessau, was steadily increasing. In to simulate the joy of children
24 GDR
10 – 21 September
1989 there were about 22,000
children and young people
who had not been educated
discovering the environment by
satisfying three points:
> attract and absorb their
participants 1990
because of physical and attention;
mental disabilities and who > provide information that is
were assisted in special easy to understand;
educational institutions. > stimulating visual, auditory
As a contribution to UNESCO and tactile perception;
Project No.079 of the > call for the identification of
World Decade for Cultural hidden features.
Development,4 between 10 There was particular
and 21 September 1990, the interest in toy concepts that
Bauhaus in Dessau hosted allowed children to detect
an Interdesign on the theme interdependencies in their
of toys for the rehabilitation environment.
of children. The Board of
Industrial Design (AIF - Amt fur
Industrielle Formgestaltung), in Group II
collaboration with the Union of Toys for promoting constructive
Artists and the Bauhaus, was activities
responsible for the event.
The purpose of the group
Twenty-four participants from 9 was to devise products that
countries, after consulting the would allow children with
Department of Rehabilitation disabilities of various kinds to
Studies and Communication play constructive games, which
Sciences of the Humboldt expanded their ability to put
Toys for disabled children, University of Berlin, produced together pieces and create
The topic stimulating mental activity, over 30 projects, 26 of which new forms. Various degrees of
instructions’ graphic have been the subject of complexity could be achieved
design patent applications. by simple means. Toys had
For the duration of Interdesign, to allow both individual and
participants were also in common play.

168 169
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

On the right: Figure 2 - Group Through this type of toys were The projects that emerged
photo with participants’ names. shaped important features were shown in a travelling
Ref: Toys for Children’s
Rehabilitation, Bauhaus, Dessau, such as patience, skill or exhibition set up in Dessau,
1990 (uncatalogued). ICSID perseverance. and then travelling to
Archive, University of Brighton Erfurt, Berlin, Munich and
Design Archives. Worpswede. This project,
Group III which goes beyond Interdesign
Toys for promoting role plays in Bauhaus, responds to its
real goal of reaching as many
This group was responsible for disabled children as possible.
designing products for role-
playing games that would help
children develop speech and
imaginative power
> stimulating mental activity,
attention, motor skills and
memory;
> providing multiple
knowledge of social norms
and the ability to adapt to a
given social structure.
Imitating adults by playing in
an “as-if-situation”, children
developed their human
relationships through real ways
of behaviour.

Group IV
Manufacturing instructions for
toys

The ideas that emerged from

this Interdesign had to be able
to be used in many countries
by both specialists and lay
people. This group took care
of giving a graphic form to a
collection of instructions for toy
ideas. As far as possible, the
instructions had to be made
without verbal description, and
simple, and understandable
in the construction methods,
function and use of the toy.

170 171
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

ICSID BOARD This chapter reviews the companies were invited to write 5. Letter of Marno Gudiksen,
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, information of documents briefs for the design work. associated professor of The Royal
President; Academy of Fine Arts, to Deane
Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi, Past stored in folder ICD/9 Docs Veikko Kamunen, Kemi Richardson, 12-07-1993.
President; 131-137, preserved in the University, head of the Ref: ICD/9 Docs 131-137
Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, Treasurer; Brighton Design Archive. program, argued that he
Mr. Jens Bernsen, Board Member; could not get sponsorship for 6. June Fraser (1919 - 2017) was a
Mr. Paul Y.J. Cheng, Board pioneering graphic designer. She
Member; Organized by the University the event unless companies began her career in the 1950s at
Mr. Angelo Cortesi, Board Member; of Lapland, ORNAMO and the thought they would get the Design Research Unit. In 1980,
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Board
Member;
Mr. Alexander Manu, Board
Member;
Mr. Kazuo Morohoshi, Board
1992, FINLAND University of Industrial Arts in
Helsinki, the Interdesign took
place in late November at the
artistic and multicultural village
design job for free. To a local
newspaper, he expressed «that
designers were Assembled
in Inari to make design for
she became head of graphics at
John Lewis Partnership. In 1984
she was recruited by the Design
Council of Great Britain to head its
industrial design division; she was
Member;
Prof. Dr. h.c. Dieter Rams, Board
Artic Forest, Source of Innovation of INARI in Finnish Lapland.
November also marks the
Lappish companies free of
charge.»5 In a letter to Kaarina
in charge of the Design Council’s
visual identity and editor-in-chief
Member; of its magazine, Design. She was
Mr. Gianfranco Zaccai, Board beginning of Kaamos, the Pohto, ICSID Secretariat, the first female president of the
Member period when the sun remains David Higgins claimed that Chartered Society of Designers
permanently below the horizon. event coordinator June Fraser6 (1983), served as a governor for
It is the last and darkest season misunderstood the meaning several colleges of art and her
old school, and was a director
of the year, when people’s and purpose of an Interdesign. and later chairman (1995-97) of
lives and nature, surrounded the Sign Design Society. In 1987
Inari, Artic Forest, by snow and illuminated by the «It is not for Individuals to claim she was nominated to be the UK’s

30 Finland
16 – 30 November
northern lights, acquire their
special character.
Forests are a vital national
glory for designing specific
products for some company or
representative on the Board of
ICSID.

7. Letter of David Higgins to

participants 1992
resource for the Nordic other but is for the immense Kaarina Pohto, Secretariat ICSID,
countries. benefit that designers can from David Higgins, 15th January
1993. Ref: ICD/9 Docs 131-137
This Interdesign has addressed gain by working together. (…)
this topic on a multidisciplinary It saddens me to hear that
basis, from a social,
environmental, economic, the spirit of Interdesigns is
technical and design point of becoming yet another event
view. Modern society requires from which individuals seek
the economic exploitation of claim.»7
arctic forests. There is a need
for innovative new concepts to David Higgins
protect the natural environment
by reducing the number of
raw materials exploited, to Thirty people participated in
ensure their subsistence as the Interdesign, including 21
a source of support for local from Finland, 4 from Poland,
inhabitants. The organizers 1 from Denmark, Israel and
wanted to stimulate designers France and 2 from the United
to use their skills to provide Kingdom. The opening day
more employment to the took place at the University
local population, creating of Lapland in Rovaniemi,
labour-intensive innovative where short basic lessons
products based on the use of on forests were given. These
efficient materials, to stimulate include conferences by the
Materials, furniture, housing, a balanced development of National Forestry Council, three
The topic forest, playgrounds Lapland. people linked to the Finnish
At the first meeting in Inari, Forestry Research Institute, a
concern emerged about the researcher from the University
implications of copyright for the of Oulu, an architect and an
work being undertaken, as artisan.

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The workshop was held at Group V ICSID BOARD

the Sami Institute in Inari, Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth,
Signs, campsites and huts
President;
where classrooms and good Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Past
laboratory facilities were Group VI President;
made available. Participants Aesthetic value of the artic Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, Treasurer;
visited one of the participating Mr. Sannie Abdul, Board Member;
forest
Mr. Jens Bernsen, Board Member;
companies, Lapset, and other Mr. Alexander Manu, Board
places of interest including an Member;
old Lap village and one of the
national parks. Later, divided
into six groups, they worked on
different projects, often with a
The last two days were
devoted to an exhibition of the
results, which visited several
universities in Lapland. Most
1993, GDR Mr. Kazuo Morohoshi, Board
Member;
Mr. Eduardo Barroso Neto, Board
Member;
Prof. Dr. h.c. Dieter Rams, Board
local society as a member. of the participants assumed
that as usual the copyright
Toys for children’s rehabilitation Member;
Dr. Zbynek Vokrouhlicky, Board
Member;
of the concepts was owned Mr. Gianfranco Zaccai, Board
Group I by the designer, protected Member.
Material-inspired solutions — by the copyright law of each
amination, bending, traditional country. But ICSID’s copyright
and modern processing, new guidelines were still vague.
material combinations. After numerous discussions,
it was decided that if the Potsdam, GDR
Group II corporate member wished
Furniture to develop any of the results 4 – 16 September
for commercial production, 1993
Group III negotiation with the group was
Housing necessary.
The team would appoint
Group IV representatives to carry out
Streets, parks and playgrounds further work with the company
— a versatile system of in question, which had six
facilities for children’s activities months to contact the group.
that would allow freedom of
play and interaction. The frame
of the system, consisting of a
durable modular structure of
pergolas in a standard size,
incorporated shapes and
colours adaptable to different
cultural environments around
the world.

Toys for disabled children easy

The topic to build, stimulating perception
and learning

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8. Fördern durch Spielmittel This chapter is based on the Each participant selected perception of their environment, The ceremony was
- Spielzeung fur behinderte review of documents stored in a series of children to visit draw their attention and accompanied by a chorus of
Kinder is a non-profit, recognized
institution of free youth welfare the Brighton Design Archive in the school. Classes stimulate visual, auditory blind pupils and a children’s
and has been a member of the inside folder ICD/9 Docs 117- were organized into three and tactile sensations. Great group from the Oberlinhaus.
Paritätische Wohlfahrtsverband 124, mixed with the ones of first categories: school for the importance was attached to This was also the official
Berlin since 1997. The starting edition of Toys for children’s deaf and blind, children with complex toys, the components opening of the annual
point of the association, which was
founded on March 4 1991, was rehabilitation in 1990. multiple disabilities and groups of which were based on each Oberlinhaus Festival Day.
the development of novel means with physical disabilities. other, and consequently The drawings created by the
of play within the framework of The association Fördern durch Most participants spent a full simulated children to perceive Interdesign participants were
UNESCO creativity workshops. Spielmittel - Spielzeung fur day in a class, while some connections and combinations. later converted into instructions
This resulted in further projects
to improve the development behinderte Kinder,8 organized moved between classes for for the production of toys
opportunities of children with the second Interdesign an overview of the school. The The second working group based on simple technologies,
special needs and adults with on the theme Toys for the day culminated in a group developed toys that made to be handed over to UNESCO
experiences of exclusion and rehabilitation of children from meeting where each individual constructive play possible and its Member States. In this
disadvantage. The association
pursues a holistic and inclusive 4 to 16 September 1993 in presented their impressions of for children with different way, it was possible to exploit
approach. At the intersection of Potsdam, near Berlin. The the day and indicated how this disabilities, stimulating the the results of the seminars and
play and toys, creativity, integration event was organized in can influence their designs to creation of something original, to contribute to raising public
and employment, a multifaceted collaboration with the German follow. and joining the parts to find awareness of social problems.
commitment to people with
disabilities and /or experiences Commission for UNESCO, Most of the participants new forms.
of exclusion emerged. The basis ICSID, Humboldt University of developed toy concepts while
of work is the certainty that every Berlin, Land of Brandenburg, working with the children in The third working group
person has a creative potential Ministry for Labor, Social the school. Creating toys prepared ideas and designs
and the exploitation of it is decisive
for his individual development but Welfare, Health and Women. for disabled children is a for objects suitable for role-
also the advancement of positive This second Interdesign on very challenging challenge: playing, in which children
social processes. The association the topic aimed to benefit functional, psychological could actively and with joy and
is involved in various regional, and continue the experience and aesthetic aspects are interest experience various
national and international networks.
In the regional area, the association of interdisciplinary and of particular importance and situations.
is a member of the disability international cooperation for their complexity must be
advisory board Pankow and the AG further ideas and designs of taken into account. Some When the concepts were
Jugendberufshilfe. toys and learning aids. designers chose to design for presented for the second
a particular child, others for time, most of the participants
It was not limited to individual a group. The first meeting to returned to the teachers and
toys and aids but wanted discuss these ideas showed children to play and observe,
to extend, if possible, to the the different cultural and take measurements and ask
design of rooms, furniture and experiential backgrounds of further questions. Several
equipment. The event took each participant. teachers and children were
place in the Oberlinhaus in Later participants worked invited to give practical
Porsdam-Babelsberg. The together to solve problems, feedback on the real value of
Oberlinhaus is a centre for share materials and exchange each toy.
the disabled run by the Inner ideas to achieve their common The final exhibition of the
Mission of the Protestant goal. Divided into 3 working 34 prototypes was officially
Church. As a centre for special groups, very similar to the first inaugurated on 15 September
needs, it includes classes, edition of Toys for children’s in the church of Oberlinhaus by
homes for the physically rehabilitation, they focused on Pastor Friedrich-Wilhelm Pape,
handicapped, deaf and blind, the design of toys that could the head of the laboratory
craft workshops and other be manufactured by simple Siegfried Zoels and the head
facilities for the rehabilitation of technologies, for example of the affairs of the disabled in
disabled children and adults. in rehabilitation laboratories the Land of Brandenburg, Mr
The Interdesign participants, or by parents or educators Rainer Kluge.
twenty designers, educators themselves. Maresi McManus, Anke Mexner
and therapists from fifteen and Sudarshan Khanna spoke
countries, were able to develop The first group dealt with ideas on behalf of the three working
their ideas directly from contact and projects for objects to groups, presenting newly
with disabled children. facilitate disabled children’s designed toys and equipment.

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ICSID BOARD Information about this Group II 9. LBDI - Laboratorio Brasileño de

Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Interdesign are not present in Diseño Industrial (1987 – 1993) was
Urban equipment
President; an important project experience,
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Past the Brighton Archives, therefore training and reflection in the field
President; the material reported here has The need for urban equipment of industrial design. During its
Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, Treasurer; been consulted online. arose from Brazil’s need operation, a wide variety of events
Mr. Sannie Abdul, Board Member; were organized in different formats,
to combat the lack of
Mr. Jens Bernsen, Board Member; including congresses, seminars,
Mr. Alexander Manu, Board In September 1993 the differentiation between one meetings, and workshops, where
Member; Laboratorio Brasileiro de city and another. The concept important discussions could be
Mr. Kazuo Morohoshi, Board
Member;
Mr. Eduardo Barroso Neto, Board
Member;
Prof. Dr. h.c. Dieter Rams, Board
1993, BRAZIL Design Industrial - LBDI9
organized an Interdesign
in Florianopolis, Brazil, on
the theme Creative uses of
development group was based
on the repetition of some
typological elements, often
with concrete at the base. They
established on the major topics of
the discipline of design.

Member;
Dr. Zbynek Vokrouhlicky, Board
Creative uses of Reforested Pinewood Reforested Pinewood. At the
time, there were more than
devised laminated structures,
cladding, seating, and locking
Member;
Mr. Gianfranco Zaccai, Board 800,000 hectares of reforested devices for use in public areas,
Member. pine trees only in the Brazilian commercial stands and bus
states of Santa Caterina and stations.
Parana, which grew enough
to be felled and used. The
main obstacle in Brazil was the Group III
Florianopolis, Brasil lack of adequate technologies Housing structure
that prevented the industry
13 – 25 September from fully exploiting its natural The group had to take
1993 resources. The objective into account social and
was to develop solutions economic differences, and
for the development of new certain preconceptions
products using reforested about wood and waste. The
wood, combining creative proposals included a system
concepts with the most suitable of prefabricated houses
technologies to stimulate the characterized by their versatility
competitiveness of Brazil at and flexibility in combining pine
the national and international wood with other materials.
levels. The project was divided
into nine different focuses
and, to address the different Group IV
problems, each group was The first roof
assigned various criteria.
The objective of this group
was to accentuate the formal
Group I qualities of a traditional house
The pine system avoiding the language normally
present in prefabricated
The group proposed the buildings. The concepts
development of a modular concerned proposals for the
system that uses regenerated “first home” owned. They
pine wood to create, through developed a set of basic
bending, bonding and components to be joined with
laminating, different products. screws.
Urban equipment, housing Among these, they designed
The topic structure, furniture, wood a shelter, information and
sales kiosks, seats and vases,
information stands and signage
systems, and waste disposal.

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Group V allowing an appropriate design ICSID BOARD

for local production. Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth,
Home furniture system
President;
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Past
The group developed concepts President;
entirely based on modularity, Group IX Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, Treasurer;
Visual research “Gralha azul” Mr. Sannie Abdul, Board Member;
versatility and variability. He
Mr. Jens Bernsen, Board Member;
proposed a system of the Mr. Alexander Manu, Board
living room furniture with units The task of this group was to Member;
of different sizes, a dining
table with chairs and storage
units that would allow the user
to reorganize the furniture
encourage greater acceptance
of softwood and establish
a range of structural and
decorative characteristics,
1994, SWEDEN Mr. Kazuo Morohoshi, Board
Member;
Mr. Eduardo Barroso Neto, Board
Member;
Prof. Dr. h.c. Dieter Rams, Board
according to their needs. using softwood in combination
with other materials. The group
Transport for the Future Member;
Dr. Zbynek Vokrouhlicky, Board
Member;
researched this type of wood Mr. Gianfranco Zaccai, Board
Group VI and developed sketches and Member.
Rede Chair concept models for indoor use.

The design solutions went back

to the traditional hammock
reworked in a chair for outdoor Bergslagen, Sweden
leisure, available in a wide
range of colours, easy to
assemble and transportable in
59 7 – 20 December
1994
participants
flat boxes.

Group VII
The Southern tables

The group emphasized internal

architecture, placing as criteria
some implicit values such as
greater sociability through a
cultural mix, the joy of living
and a unique identity. The
design required integrated
functionality, such as dual table
functionality for meals but also
for meetings), and construction
with materials with a strong
identity.

Group VIII
Rede Chair

The solutions took into account

the relationship between Transport system, accessibility,
hard and soft material. The
The topic equipment, recycling system,
group proposed a system that environment
promoted the customization
of products through curved
shapes and the texture of pine,

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This chapter is essentially During the entire duration of On the top left: Figure 3 -Group
based on the review of Interdesign, company visits photo. Interdesign ‘94 Sweden.
Source: https://wdo.org/
documents stored in the and seminars were organised programmes/interdesign-through-
Brighton Design Archive inside so that designers could have a the-years/
folder ICD/9 Docs 131-137. good view of the collaborating
companies. The groups, On the lower left: Figure 4
- Participants during a boat
In 1994, fifty-nine international divided into ten teams, worked excursion. Interdesign ‘94
designers from 18 nations hard on ten different sub- Sweden. Source: https://wdo.org/
gathered in Bergslagen/ themes. Relaxing moments programmes/interdesign-through-
Dalarna, Sweden to develop included hiking and various the-years/
ideas on new or existing sports activities such as old
products in the transport church boating, fly fishing and
sector. Bo Österberg,10 of clay pigeon shooting. 10. Lars Magnus Bosse Österberg
SVID - Swedish Industrial (1942 - 2019) was a Finnish
musician, author, illustrator
Design Foundation was the and architect. He worked as a
chief organizer in cooperation Team I city planner in the Helsinki City
with TFK - Institutet för Collection of road user fees Planning Board from 1969 to 2004.
Transportforskning, whose He has also designed some private
villas, where he strongly disregards
coordinator was Lisa Warsen, Payment for transport services modernist architecture and instead
Director Research of TFK - is an important financial recreated a classic decorative
Transport Research Institute. activity. The huge number of architectural language.
The event was also supported transactions, and the relatively
by the SSID - Society of low amounts of money involved
Swedish Industrial Designers. per transaction, require an
The objectives were to: extremely high efficiency for
> Increase interest and which an automatic collection
understanding of design system had been developed.
as a tool in the process of But the transactions took place
product renewal across in heavy traffic, fast to not
Sweden; interrupt the flow, with minimal
> Highlighting Swedish driver involvement. At the same
industrial design in an time, for legal reasons, the
international context; driver had to be informed of
> Encouraging regional the collection and the results of
economies to engage in the charging process. The task
product development of this team was to develop
designs for onboard equipment
Bergslagen was chosen for to be used for automatic fee
its millennial tradition in which collection, assembly and
transport played a central role methods to alert the driver of
in industry and commerce. the charging process. The
But it all started at Stockholm group proposed: a toolbox, a
Central Station where almost tool pole, a payment machine,
all participants gathered to a user interface, and an
take the specially hired X2000 onboard unit.
train, sponsored by Swedish
Rail, to Leksand. The capacity
of the high-speed train was Team II
not fully used, to some of the Aesthetic roads, construction
participant’s disappointment. and road equipment
The whole group stayed
at Hantverkskögskolan in Most of us do not pay much
Leksand, a school for different attention to the appearance of
craft products. the road, although it is one

182 183
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

of our most frequently Team IV 4. Manoeuvrable systems Team VII

experienced public atriums. Environment and transport in multiple directions for Freight transport, work
We allow the highway agility in limited spaces environment and information
environment to appear chaotic, With environmental issues such as urban spaces; technology
disoriented and ugly. The at the centre of the scene, a 5. Systems adapted to the
design of road equipment is holistic and cyclical approach needs of disabled people The team had to develop the
important for the perception is the only way to ensure that to meet the criteria of hardware components of the
and use of trade. Different the earth’s finite resources health and social services. information and communication
types of roads have different are not plundered. In January The group proposed electric systems installed in the driver’s
equipment and different 1994, new legislation was trolleys and combinations cab. Not all information and
designs. The transition introduced on the liability of light transport modules, communication tools would be
between these different types of manufacturers for their minibuses with flexible interiors installed in trucks, but at least
of roads, between the highway packaging material. It initially connected to computerized the tools needed for mobile
and the road approaching covered corrugated board ordering systems, shuttle communication had to be
urban areas, is often unclear. and glass but would be trains/buses with flexible included. An optional option
The goal was to focus on the extended to cover other types interiors, and full batteries could be the inclusion of a
development of road signs, of packaging. The task of of freight transport modules navigation system and onboard
street lighting, fences, and the team was to develop an that facilitated the transport of equipment for automatic
noise barriers, taking into efficient, economically feasible bicycles on board. Finally, they charging. The group proposed
account the expressions, and aesthetically pleasing proposed the development of the installation of a multi-level
colour combinations and recycling system. The group semi-trailers for passengers program with numeric menus
materials to be used. proposed various components and goods that could be used that boasts features such as a
of a concept for a designed on roads and railways. rechargeable laptop, a phone,
identification system. That is, a barcode reader, an LCD, a
Team III the use of graphics and colour pager and left or right mounting
Transport services for the to distinguish if the package is Team VI on the steering wheel.
disabled recyclable, including signage Train journey
on packages indicating the
All people must be able to material of which it is made. The task was to create a Team VIII
move, on foot, by public contemporary and attractive New public transport systems
transport, or by car. But concept for managing
vehicles are not always Team V interregional traffic. The The task was to design the
accessible to everyone: due Regional transport of goods system was to serve as a “mass transport system of the
to physical barriers around and passengers connecting point for the future”. A driverless system,
or inside the vehicle, the existing high-speed rail from the point of view of some
elderly and people with This team had to develop network served by the X-2000 travellers, could be considered
different degrees of disability concepts for transport systems, system. The carriages to unsafe, overly technical, and
could not always use normal following some guidelines. be rebuilt were of the so- frightening. The task of the
transport systems.   The task 1. Systems used both on rail called 1980s type, four for designers was to identify the
of this group was to make the and road, operated mainly each locomotive. The project scary points and solve them
transport sector accessible to by the driver and providing focused on service transport through function and design.
all. They proposed to elaborate direct communication with to the passenger environment, The group proposed the
a sequence of actions by which passengers; driver compartment, catering development of a personal
the wheelchair passenger 2. Systems for the transport of area and toilets. The group rapid transport, the PRT
enters the vehicle, a wheelchair passengers and goods in proposed entry areas refreshed system, that can bring from one
docking system (WDS), with different combinations in a by softer surfaces, which to four people from point A to
its process of attaching the flexible manner; encouraged their use during point B the fastest and without
wheelchair inside the vehicle, 3. Systems compatible with transit, and suggested moving stops.
and the interior design of the other existing transport passages to create adventure
vehicle. systems, allowing easy and diversity and to allow
access to personal wheelchair passengers to
means of transport such choose between standard
as bicycles, trolleys and seats.
wheelchairs;

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On the top right: Figure 5 - Team IX The proposal emphasized an

Interdesign ‘94 Sweden. Source: interactive system as simplistic
Goods transport in the city
https://wdo.org/programmes/
interdesign-through-the-years/ as possible, with symbols easy
Drivers of delivery vehicles to understand and remember.
On the lower right: Figure 6 - were forced to act in a
Final exhibition at Högskolan
congested traffic environment,
Falun/ Borlänge. Interdesign ‘94
Sweden. Source: https://wdo.org/ without access points to On the last day, participants
programmes/interdesign-through- delivery. The handling of filled out a questionnaire with
the-years/ goods was in many cases questions on the topic/problem,
manual or with the help of organizations, excursions
simple trolleys, which involve and conferences. The result
heavy and difficult movements. of the work was presented
There was a substantial need in an exhibition to a group of
for innovation in this area, sponsors, media and others
for integrated systems, and specially invited, at Högskolan
new transport systems and Falun/ Borlänge.
handling equipment. The
group proposed automatic
loading and sorting systems,
preloading of goods on
mobile pallet boxes, the use of
database statistics and reading
systems on packages, the
use of trucks that can also be
loaded laterally and delivery in
difficult areas at quieter times
of the day.

Team X
New public transport systems

When taking public transport,

the passenger had to purchase
the ticket, validate it and record
each journey undertaken,
to accumulate statistics on
passenger flow about the
time of day and route. These
activities were seen as time-
consuming and irritating.
Queues were easily formed to
stamp which led to delays.
The goal of this group was
to design a system to help
the acquisition and control of
tickets, easy to understand and
manage by all passengers.
The group proposed the
development of two different
systems: one economic and
simple for the campaign, the
other simple to understand but
based on modern technology.

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ICSID BOARD This chapter treats innovative ideas through which «Mass production worldwide
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, fundamentally the information the local craft industries of
President; is nothing but the
Mr. Deane W. Richardson, Past of documents stored in the Colombia could position their
Brighton Design Archive in products within national and
banalization of beautiful
President;
Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, Treasurer; folder ICD/9 Docs 131-137. international markets. objects.» 11
Mr. Sannie Abdul, Board Member; To achieve the same
Mr. Jens Bernsen, Board Member;
Mr. Alexander Manu, Board Between 1976 and 1980 economic successes as highly Cristian Ragot
Member; design in Colombia began to industrialized countries, the
Mr. Kazuo Morohoshi, Board
Member;
Mr. Eduardo Barroso Neto, Board
Member;
Prof. Dr. h.c. Dieter Rams, Board
1994, COLOMBIA develop as a discipline, as a
concept and as a requirement.
PRO EXPO - Export Promotion
Institute of Colombia12 had
less developed nations have
historically been afraid to
deviate from the «standard».
These features were designed
11. Cristian Ragot, Crafts and
Design: cultural components of the
contemporary market.
Member;
Dr. Zbynek Vokrouhlicky, Board
Crafts as a Source of Interior Design launched an investigation to
find out the reason for the
according to the cultural reality
and sensitivity of nations that
Member; 12. PRO EXPO - The Export
Mr. Gianfranco Zaccai, Board failure of Colombian products were not their own. When Promotion Fund, created by
Member. on the international market, imitated, the products lose Decree-Law 444 in 1967, is in
charge of providing exporters
discovering that the cause was their original meaning, their with foreign market information,
the lack of design. As a result, authentic value and essence; enhancing marketing skills, and
the Center of Industrial Design the products are distorted and providing export finance. Its
and the Colombian Association adapt to other atmospheres establishment was the result of
an effort to implement a more
of Designers was founded and needs, erasing every trace
62 Bogotá, Colombia
7 – 20 December
1994
in 1976, a year that also saw
the beginning of the Industrial
Design program at the National
of their ethnicity. Creating
products that reflect their
traditions and culture could
integrated promotion policy. PRO
EXPO was tasked with providing
exporters with information on
foreign markets, technical
participants consultancy services on transport,
University. allow countries to add a new packaging and quality control,
dimension to their identity in and promoting sales of Colombian
But there was still a need to the global market by offering products abroad. In addition,
establish a common language products with high-added PRO EXPO was entrusted with
the control and management of
between industrialists, artisans value and at the same time export insurance. Thanks to its
and designers. Craftsmanship reinvigorating the national establishment, the procedures
was decreasing around the economy. Design could be the required for export have been
world, due to high labour costs impetus for this change. simplified and streamlined, thus
drastically reducing the number of
that made it impossible to have public institutions involved.
a handmade piece of furniture. Before being divided into the
Today, if a book or shoe is ten groups, the participants
damaged, just discard them, received information on natural
no one thinks to look for a fibres, wood and traditional
bookbinder or a shoemaker to materials during a series of
restore them. lessons held by Edgar Linares
The importance of the role from the Botanical Garden of
of craftsmanship, in Interior Bogota, by Juan José Gáfaro,
Design and the lifestyles of Colombian designer, and
people, led the Artesanias Manuel Ernesto Rodriguez
de Colombia to organize in from Artesanias de Colombia.
December 1994 in Bogota The purpose was to guide the
an Interdesign dedicated to participants on most of the
artisanal production. Colombian raw materials and
Thirty Colombian artisans their use in the production of
Furniture, textile, lighting, together with twenty local crafts. During the seminars, the
The topic product design, interior design designers and twelve participants made objects with
internationally recognized bronze, clay, glass and natural
experts were divided into 10 fibres. Crafts, the production
separate working groups, to of natural fibres and their
focus on the development of preservation followed the

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family tradition and cultural Furniture – subtraction and and visitors. discussing aspects related
background. The general simplicity of form to cultural identity and the
theme of Interdesign was possibilities of new markets for
therefore divided into the Details of traditional New atmosphere – rituals from crafts and design products.
following sub-themes. craftsmanship could improve the kitchen to the table, “the
the simplicity of an original city of fire”
piece of furniture. Boxes,
The coffee myth doors, chairs and modular The emphasis was on creating
curtains have been delicately atmosphere and environment in
Coffee is Colombia’s most enriched by a craftsman. the house, mainly incorporating
renowned product, however, a basic element such as a
no elements of the coffee- fire in everyday life, through a
tasting rituals were explored. The art of light – Boyaca, land fireplace.
The group devised a strategy of contrast
to save this tradition by
focusing on design and Light was considered a useful Lighting – the colour of coffee
marketing. The results element that could serve as
transformed a “commodity” into a basis for the design of any This theme focused on
a line of special products with system. Through the emphasis the application of macro-
a mixture of rural, artisanal and on form and figure, the main decoration lighting systems
industrial traditions. idea was to improve design to improve the external and
using contrast. internal settings.

Bedroom and bathroom

furniture Table and kitchen The interaction between
accessories – applications as artisans and industrial
The essence of this theme a reflection of traditions, energy designers has generated a
was to emphasize the richness and emotion series of innovative proposals
of natural material through in which the creativity and
design innovation, using The “Cho-cone-le” concept has craftsmanship of artisans have
cultural symbols found in non- been discussed, concerning bridged the gap between
traditional products. the tables inside a kitchen and technology and craftsmanship.
their functionality in a house The ten design proposals
or a self-service restaurant. created by the participants
Accessories for lighting and This concept also included included table and coffee
table – the centre of the house the harmonious combination service, furniture for different
of cutlery, chairs and table, environments including
At the heart of this theme is the designed to reflect the tradition, living rooms, family rooms,
fire. energy and emotion of an bedrooms and bathrooms, and
object. In addition, traditional handcrafted fabrics for interior
pre-Columbian designs applied decoration and lighting.
Textile and utopian icons – with Pasto paint and “Putumayo The products of the
the essence of cultures, a mopa-mopa” techniques were workshops were exhibited
mystery, a rescue used. in EXPOARTESANIAS 94,
the largest craft fair in
The iconography of pre- Latin America, from 7 to 20
Columbian symbols, namely Furniture – conversation and December 1990 in Santafe de
objects, materials and colours, relaxation Bogota. In addition, following
were examined, as the “utopian Interdesign, international
icons” give a visual essence to This theme promoted the experts took part in a series
the pieces. concept of creating the ideal of conferences where they
atmosphere in a room that showed the relationship
encourages conversation and between craftsmanship and
relaxation between inhabitants design in their countries,

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ICSID BOARD This chapter reviews the three-day phase in which the «Nature protects Mankind,
Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, President; information of documents seven working groups were
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Past
stored in folder ICD/9 Docs formed. Participants analyzed not vice versa as is generally
President;
Mr. Fritz Frenkler, Treasurer; Mr. 142-146, preserved in the past, present and future said.» 13
Eduardo Barroso Neto, Board Brighton Design Archive. scenarios to outline the design
Member; briefs of the themes they would
Dr. Zdenka Yousefzamany- Tapio Periäinen
Burianova, Board Member; For a sustainable future, and work on.
Dr. Kyung-won Chung, Board for future generations to live The three outputs of the first
Member;
Dr. Jorge Gómez Abrams, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Lucassen, Board Member;
Prof. Augusto Morello, Board
1995, AUSTRALIA a healthy life in a healthy
environment, it was necessary
to reassess the role that nature
plays. This revaluation also
phase were The Context, The
Mind Map,15 and The Umbrella
Brief. The first consisted of
three timelines, one meter
13. Tapio Periäinen, Keynote
Address. Ref: ICD/9 Docs 142-146

14. Hydro Tasmania, known as the

Member;
Mr. Kiyoshi Sakashita, Board
Sustainable Development. The Design had to take into account the
basic elements of the design
long and four high, containing
notes of key events and turning
Hydro-Electric Commission (HEC),
The Hydro, or the Hydro-Electric
Member;
process, not only on a practical points. Corporation, is a Tasmanian
Ms. Adrienne Viljoen, Board
Member.
Imperatives level but also on a theoretical Government business enterprise.
Since 1914, Tasmania’s electricity
and spiritual level. The mindmap, a technicolour generator has operated under
Sustainability was becoming octopus with branching different names, the changes
a key factor in Tasmania’s legs, showed links between reflecting growth and governance.
It was originally oriented towards
development, included in current problems and ideas hydroelectricity, due to Tasmania’s
State’s new planning and for a sustainable future for
Launceston,
Tasmania, Australia
14 – 26 October 1996
41 environmental Legislation.
The Association for Design
Development in Tasmania -
Tasmania. Each participant
was given 7 votes to be
assigned to the association or
dramatic topography and relatively
high rainfall. Generation started at
Waddamana Power Station in 1916.

participants 15. For centuries, visual ways

ADDIT, applied in November the problem they considered to show information have been
1992 to perform an Interdesign most relevant. The sum of the useful for explaining information
on the theme Sustainable votes was then marked above in a manner that is easy to
understand. The first known mind
development, the imperative of the link of each association. map originates from around 300
design. The last output, the Umbrella AD. It was drawn by the ancient
Organized in collaboration with Brief, was a list of groups of philosopher, Porphyry, and shows
the University of Tasmania, consensus themes, in clusters the relationship between the
material and immaterial things in
and HEC - Hydroelectric classified by relevance. As this world. But it was only in the
Commission14 from 30 June to for the previous step, each 1970s that mind maps became
16 July 1996 in Launceston, participant was allowed to popularised. The term “mind
Northern Tasmania, Interdesign give 7 votes, and the vote mapping” was coined in 1974 by
Tony Buzan, a British psychology
originated from the belief that saw a clear relevance of the author and TV presenter. His
Tasmania had the potential to cluster “Responsible use mind-mapping technique was
be an example to the world, of resources”, perceived inspired by Leonardo da Vinci,
of how humanity accepts its by participants as the most Albert Einstein, and Joseph Donald
Novak. To create a mind map, the
place in nature and takes important. These three outputs main theme is written in the centre
responsibility for other species. provided the basis for each of a page, and ideas are branched
team’s design brief. out hierarchically.
Forty-one delegates from After this first phase, the
sixteen different countries participants divided into seven
joined the 28 Tasmanians thematic groups started the
to discuss the meaning of work by collecting all the
the word “sustainable”, and relevant information through
to develop strategies for field trips and briefings.
Sustainable Design Education, sustainable practice in the
The topic food industry, forestry, tourism, areas of food, forestry, tourism,
governance, small business, hydropower, small business
hydropower and community governance.
The first phase of Interdesign
was the Search Conference, a

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Group I and added value. A system

Education perspective was essential to
understanding sustainability.
The goal of this group was to Designers proposed methods
reflect on how sustainability to maintain agricultural
could be taught from a hygiene, onion processing,
designer’s perspective. The reusable packaging, a modular
concept of sustainability food and beverage display
and its complexes requires system, and a salmon gift
a structured philosophical pack.
foundation, a deep contextual
experience of our ecological,
economic and social Group III
environment and the ability to Forestry
work on complex interacting
systems. As a vital element of the state’s
The group proposed three economy, paper production
models to replace the and the export of wood chips,
linear process of teaching: the forestry of old-growth native
an Interface Model that forests had been the focus
taught the ability to pattern, of a bitter community debate
connect and create linkages, about the sustainable future.
a Connecting Model that The land available for forestry
recognized the associations was shrinking, as it was being
between elements and preserved for both recreation
concepts, and an Indicative and biodiversity, while global
Model for Sustainable Design demand for forest products
Education that was based on increased. The designers
a non-physical membrane that proposed eco-labelling,
facilitated communication. identification of special woods
and “Project Forest 2000”.
This plan started from the
Group II assumption that industrial a way that recognised the identified by the other groups Figure 7 - The Mind Map.
The food industry synergy is the instrument fundamental issues underlying would be implemented. Interdesign Tasmania. Ref: ICD/9
doc. 142-146 (uncatalogued).
of transformation, a cultural the concept of sustainability. ICSID Archive, University of
Over 27% of the land of transformation with the added To develop this structure, Brighton Design Archives.
Tasmania was used for value given by knowledge the group took Tamar Group V
cultivation, leading to a variety and communication-intensive Valley as a case study. The Hydroelectric industrialism
of environmental challenges. environment, and the recommendations addressed
Tasmania’s soils and seawaters involvement of all aspects of specific areas such as Hydroelectric industrialism
have been exploited in an state infrastructure. government effectiveness, had been Tasmania’s
attempt to develop a new community participation and main economic strategy,
and wide range of speciality economic growth, suggested dating back to the Great
products for markets in the Group IV establishing a strong and Depression until recent times.
northern hemisphere. The Governance easily negotiable identity for Modern technology and the
group’s goal was to develop Tasmania, providing visual conservative movement had
a design approach for the The goal of the group was information on the areas of led to the relative decline of
Tasmanian food industry. to design a governmental responsibility of government employment in this sector.
Vision 2005 is a proposed decision-making structure that departments to help in the Water is one of the key factors
ten-year plan for Tasmania’s would facilitate sustainable understanding of services, in Tasmania’s future, and
future sustainable development development. Community and establishing benchmarks was seen as a link between
in the context of environmental decision-making involving for sustainable development. an earlier history of hydro
and social influence, with businesses and groups of Governance was the main industrialisation and the
opportunities for new markets citizens had to be conducted in vehicle through which policies development of a more

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complex mature level of repair and life cycle. ICSID BOARD

Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, President;
industrial activity. It could
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Past
be a total energy resource President;
for Tasmania but it had to Group VII Mr. Fritz Frenkler, Treasurer; Mr.
be managed holistically. To Tourism Eduardo Barroso Neto, Board
Member;
promote this development
Dr. Zdenka Yousefzamany-
and the integration of Due to the unique natural Burianova, Board Member;
economic and ecological environment of the island Dr. Kyung-won Chung, Board
sustainability, the group has
developed a conceptual
model for a Strategic Plan.
The key to the success of
and the heritage of ancient
buildings and cities, tourism
has increasingly been
considered one of the main
1996, LATVIA Member;
Dr. Jorge Gómez Abrams, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Lucassen, Board Member;
Prof. Augusto Morello, Board
this plan was a collaborative
process that integrated
bases for youth employment
opportunities. The problem
Wood. Global Resource Member;
Mr. Kiyoshi Sakashita, Board
Member;
the needs of government, was to increase tourism Ms. Adrienne Viljoen, Board
community, and industry. without compromising the Member.
Some recommendations have sustainability of the very
been made in areas such qualities that visitors seek to
as recreation and health, experience. The application
technology and tourism. of sustainable practices
throughout the tourism industry

Group VI
Small Business
could be a self-promotional
quality for Tasmania, a
commodity that can be traded
37 Ventspil, Latvia
14 – 26 October 1996
participants
with the rest of the world and
Small businesses with less than owned and operated by the
10 people provide more than community. Some proposals
half of the total employment included increasing and
in Tasmania and plan a vital diversifying access to the
role in the state’s economy. natural landscape, providing a
Industrial design, which was variety of products suitable for
a key strategic tool for many target markets, and focusing
industries around the world, on locally distinct industries,
was particularly underused by crafts, food, and services.
small industries in Tasmania. Finally, participants suggested
But the country had the developing an identity for
opportunity to develop globally sustainable tourism through
competitive products with a collaboration and consultation
distinct identity, drawing on its with the design and tourism
unique resources, expertise industry and promoting
and experience as well as community awareness
craft skills, the natural beauty and pride by involving and
of a clean environment, educating the community.
pristine forest industry and
so on. The group presented
a case study on the Padget
industries: their technology had
to be translated into products
designed for identified markets, Urban planning, signage
manufactured with appropriate
The topic system, furniture
materials and processes, with
a strong brand and product
identity, which considered
ergonomics, maintenance /

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16. Taube, M., Mitenbergs, U., This chapter treats could add value to the Baltic To achieve these objectives, on the opposite shore, to
Sagan, A. (2014). The impact of the fundamentally the information wood industry, both for five sub-themes were devised. observe changing scenarios,
financial crisis on the health system
and health in Latvia, WHO of documents stored in the domestic and international 1. Baltic wood as a and to feel the proximity of the
Brighton Design Archive in markets. construction material water.
17. Latvijas Finieris is the folder ICD/9 Docs 107-116. 2. Baltic wood in an urban The participants worked
leading plywood and products Particular attention was given environment intensively, without complying
manufacturer in the Baltic States,
and its origins date back to 1873. Twenty-five years after the first to the design of products that 3. Innovative uses for Baltic with the actual working time
The company also is active in Interdesign, the Latvian Society would represent the Baltic wood and wood-based set on the agenda. In the
forest management, logging and of Designers hosted the first culture and that would improve materials evening, during creative
the production of synthetic resins Interdesign after the collapse community environments. 4. Baltic wood, pulp and meetings, the participants
and phenol films. In 1995 the
company joined the European of the USSR in a region that The general theme, Wood - paper for ecological exchanged information about
Federation of the Plywood Industry had been incorporated into Global Resource, offered a transport packaging their personal experiences and
(FEIC). the communist dictatorship wide range of possibilities, 5. Baltic wood is a base for the peculiarities of their national
for fifty years. The problem and included opportunities SMEs (small and medium- design schools, as well as
with design in the Baltic for development at every sized enterprises. discussed different methods of
States was the need to restore level of the industry: forestry, professional teaching.
credibility to local specialists processing, production Due to the economic crisis
and to understand the real and distribution in national and the withdrawal of most
role of design in the national and international markets. sponsors, there was a change Theme 2A
economy. According to the 1994 of perspective on the issues The complex situation of
In 1994 the gross national prognosis, forest areas in to be developed, which were the improvement of Venta
product in Latvia had Latvia increased from 42% to reduced to those that could Riverside
increased by 0.6%, for the first 49% in the following decade. It have a real fallout for the two
time since the restoration of was their national wealth, both sponsors still in the race, Over the centuries the old
independence. The expected ecologically and economically, Latvijas Finieris and Ventspils town had become the outskirts
further increase spurred and deserved careful City Council. of the central part of the city.
Latvian Designers’ Society management. At the same The activities of the port had
and Latvian Architecture and time, wood, as an ecological, Interdesign took place in created a negative ecological
Design Foundation to organize economic and cultural value, Ventspils, a 13th-century city influence on the Old City,
the ICSID Baltic Interdesign in was relevant for every state on the west coast of the Baltic prompting the inhabitants to
September 1996. and society. Sea. As the largest port city in move from the threatened
However, in 1995 Latvia Latvia, Ventspils represented territory and leading to the
was hit by a serious banking Initially, the objectives of both the country’s cultural death of large-scale trees.
crisis, which led to a 2% drop Interdesign were the following: and historical heritage and Many historic buildings were
in gross national product.16 > to promote the idea of the commercial potential of its ruled by the Soviet army which
This greatly influenced the Baltic wood as a modern future. left them demolished and half-
organization of the event. State ecologically sound Historically the city consisted destroyed.
enterprises and banks refused construction and industrial of two different areas - the The group had three
to participate financially, and material; residential area on the left bank objectives, based on the
many industrial enterprises > to propose to the industry of the Venta and the industrial conservation and improvement
could not afford to invest in the a new idea for marketable and port facilities located on of the Venta waterfront. They
development of new project innovative industrial the right bank of the river. This proposed a type of shelter to
ideas. wooden products; division meant that the two provide shelter in bad weather
> to propose a new idea of parts of the city developed and add aesthetic value to
The project was therefore using the Baltic wood as differently. The Venta River and the area, a system to inform
sponsored only by two a subject in environmental the salty winds of the Baltic, the citizens about the culture/
organizations, Ventspils City design; white and mild sandy beaches history and port activities of the
Council and the joint stock > to involve the designers and the vast forests of Kurzeme city, and urban furniture that
company Latvijas Finieris,17 a and producers of the Baltic completed the city. would offer opportunities for
plywood company in Latvia. States in the international From a landscape point of view recreation and support to the
Thirty-seven designers from activities of industrial as well as an emotional one, corporate identity of the city.
fourteen countries were divided design. the river was the connecting
into five teams to examine how element that gave the
local designers and architects opportunity to see the activities

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18. ‘96 Baltic Interdesign Wood Theme 2B boundaries of the market Theme 3
global resource, Workshop Report. square, was recommended
The improvement complex of Innovative uses of Baltic birch
Ref: ICD/9 Docs 107-116
Lielais Prospekt to provide covered pavilions wood; furniture and interior
and, in essence, to build products
Lielais Prospekts is the new configurations or
main road in the city centre, complete those that remained The task of the group was to
connecting the bridge to incomplete. reveal the aesthetic properties
the centre. Several works of birch wood products through
had been started to improve the high quality of design and
the environment of Lielais Theme 2D manufacture, that would allow
Prospekts, which in some way Ventspils Seaside the promotion of Latvian birch
influenced the everyday life of wood as a modern ecological
the inhabitants. Ventspils town, the largest material for innovative wood
The group proposed to create seaport located on the coasts products. Working closely with
a conceptual identity for Lielais of the Baltic Sea, is traditionally the Sponsor, Latvijas Finieris,
Prospekts (a pedestrian and seen as an industrial and the team sought guidelines and
transport highway in Ventspils) commercial centre. At the same techniques that would meet the
using lights, street furniture time, the town is known for its expectations of manufacturers
and sculptural elements within sandy beach which stretches and customers. The company
an overall renovated urban 1 km long between the river was mainly concerned with
plan. The plan concerned an estuary with a fishing port to the production of furniture
entrance to the park, types the northeast and a forest with for the home and office and
of “roofing”, kinetic wood parks and dunes to the south. the production of children’s
carvings, a modular street This natural ensemble, which furniture, and it is in these two
furniture system, a signage could boast ecologically clean areas that the participants
system for Ventspils, public seawater, was the recreation focused on.
transport and a means of area of the city. Various
providing tourist information. recreational facilities had been
installed including furniture, The results obtained were
changing rooms, and bins, but finally documented and
Theme 2C were exposed to sea and wind exhibited at the Museum of
Market in the old town; damage. History and Art of the city of
transformable and To prevent the area from Ventspils. Their practicality
transportable pavilions for the being damaged, the group has elevated the authority of
fair asked a question: «How industrial design in the national
can we make this area more economy. This Interdesign
The Market Square of Venstpils available to Ventspils citizens confirmed that ideas with a real
is located in the historic centre and future tourists?»18 Among application came better from a
of the city and probably dates the recommendations were mutually interested cooperation
back to the early seventeenth proposed information signage between the designer and the
century. It is part of the state indicating the existence of the manufacturer.
cultural monument, the old area, waste collection solutions
town of Venstpils. In the to keep the land free and
morning the market is a systems for toilets.
very lively place, but in the
afternoon and evening, it is not
used and is empty and quiet.
This group dealt with the long-
standing historical traditions of
Ventspils and the inhabitants
of the city. A planned and
gradual revitalisation of the
environment, including the
restoration of the historic

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ICSID BOARD This chapter is essentially action for industrial design, «How can design prove its
Mr. Uwe Bahnsen, President; based on the review of and its contribution to
Dr. Mai Felip-Hösselbarth, Past
documents stored in the the development of non- relevance in regions where
President;
Mr. Fritz Frenkler, Treasurer; Mr. Brighton Design Archive inside industrialized regions. The development is based on
Eduardo Barroso Neto, Board folder ICD/9 Docs 142-146. objectives outlined were: activities other than industrial
Member; > Propose design strategies
Dr. Zdenka Yousefzamany- production, such as tourism,
Burianova, Board Member; The social, economical and that contribute to the agriculture or crafts?
Dr. Kyung-won Chung, Board cultural development of development of the
Member;
Dr. Jorge Gómez Abrams, Board
Member;
Mr. Jan Lucassen, Board Member;
Prof. Augusto Morello, Board
1996, MEXICO historical places all over the
world represents an excellent
challenge for designers to
collaborate on projects related
Morelos Region.
> Develop concepts for the
conservation, renewal
and enhancement of the
How can design be a key
factor for sustainable
development in non-
Member;
Mr. Kiyoshi Sakashita, Board
Design Strategies for Regional Development to eco-tourism, small local
manufacturing industries
cultural, historical and
environmental heritage of
industrial regions?
Member;
Ms. Adrienne Viljoen, Board and traditions. The cultural the region;
Member. heritage of the Mexican state > Develop concepts to How can design contribute
of Morelos is one of the richest increase the quality of to the preservation,
in the country. The social and urban design elements development and renewal
economic development in this used for information, of a cultural and historical
region is also one of the fastest communication and
in Mexico, due to its proximity identity, to improve tourism environment while
Cuernavaca, Mexico to the capital, Mexico City, in the region; preserving the quality of life
14 – 26 October 1996 and its enormous development > Develop innovative of its citizens?
potential, especially in the concepts for typical
areas of tourism, crafts and regional products, How can design participate
small local manufacturing considering cultural
industries. factors, identity, packaging and contribute to the
To support this development and other quality-oriented competitiveness of typical
trend, the Design & Innovation export marketing elements. regional products and small
Centre of the ITESM Morelos local industries on world
campus, proposed to host Interdesign was structured markets?
an Interdesign through the in a dozen teams led by an
initiative of Jorge Gómez international specialist. Design
Abrams,20 a member of the could play an important role What strategies should be
ICSID board. The event was in ensuring that developing used to link together local
organized in collaboration with regions do not make the forces such as entrepreneurs,
the Government of the state same mistakes as highly governments and industry to
of Morelos and the Ministry industrialised urban centres
of Industry and Commerce, by creating new scenarios for support and stimulate design
SECOFI and other private and sustainable development that as a powerful tool for regional
public organizations. would contribute to the quality development? » 19
of life. The central theme was
Interdesign took place between divided into two main themes,
12 and 26 October 1996 in the Together with the design
city of Cuernavaca, the capital proposals, the teams were
of the state of Morelos. Called required to present their ideas
“the city of the eternal spring”, on the organization, strategies
19. Interdesign Workshop:
it is one of the main tourist or suggestions for the Cuernavaca 96. Design Strategies
Cultural identity, tourist spots in the vicinity of Mexico implementation of the projects for Regional Development. Ref:
The topic attractions, local industries City, famous for its good and the philosophy behind ICD/9 Docs 142-146
weather all year round and them.
20. Jorge Gómez Abrams is from
country houses. The purpose 2003 Co-founder and General
of the workshop was to explore Director of Winn Innovation, an
new alternatives and fields of international design and innovation

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The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

agency. Former Director of Theme A > Design strategies for the ICSID BOARD
the Design and Engineering food and agricultural Prof. Augusto Morello, President;
Design strategies for the
department at the French Mr. Peter Butenschøn, President
Canadian company Bombardier, development, conservation and production sectors. The Elect;
he is the creator of the Light Rail
Vehicle developed for the City of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, the most
innovative and profitable light rail
system in operation in the USA. He
renewal of cultural, historical
and environmental heritage

The theme included:

project focused on the
region’s typical products
and their image, packaging
and distribution in
1999, AUSTRALIA, Mr. Soon-In Lee, Treasurer;
Mr. Manuel Alvarez-Fuentes, Board
Member;
Mr. Luigi Ferrara, Board Member;
Mr. Theo J.J. Groothuizen, Board
has more than 20 years of solid > Identity concept for tourist international markets; Member;
experience in Design Thinking
and Value Innovation. He was an
Executive Board member of ICSID
from 2001 to 2005,
sites;
> Public information and
communication in the
city of Cuernavaca,
> Product concepts based
on locally developed
technologies: Morelos
is a region with a large
MEXICO, SOUTH AFRICA Mr. Tapani Hyvönen, Board
Member;
Mr. David Kusuma, Board Member;
Prof. Ron Nabarro, Board Member;
Assoc. Prof. Vesna Popovic, Board
including elements for
the communication of
concentration of research
institutes. The project
The First Simultaneous Interdesign Workshop. Member;
Prof. Dr. Peter Zec, Board Member.

social, cultural and tourist explored commercial

information within the city; applications for research
Water
> Urban environment for projects developed by
the city of Cuernavaca, some of these institutions;
including furniture, > Design concepts for the
equipment and other urban flower production sector,
elements; including packaging, Brisbane, Australia;

Jorge Gómez Abrams.

Source: Linkedin
> New tourist attractions, and
concepts for new meeting
sites.
exhibition and new
flower consumption
concepts, both locally and
2 Guernavaca, Mexico;
Pretoria, South Africa
participants 10 – 20 April 1999
internationally.

Theme B
Design strategies to increase Together with the design
the competitiveness of regional proposals, the teams were
products in international required to present their ideas
markets on the organization, strategies
or suggestions for the
The theme included: implementation of the projects
> Strategies for the promotion and the philosophy behind
of quality design in the them.
state of Morelos;
> Design strategies for the
craft sector, including
utilitarian and ornamental
proposals for the ceramics
sector, taking into account
all aspects of packaging
and exhibition;
> Design strategies for a
corporate identity for
new local industries. An
example is the case study
of the new “City of Clothing
and Fabrics”, where the Rainwater, sanitation, water
team in charge worked
The topic supply systems, payment
on integral solutions, systems
considering environments,
retail, graphic image and
identity;

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21. Vesna Popovic is a Professor This chapter treats the was a board member of ICSID. dirty hands. An Eco*System or taken from surface water
Emerita/Adjunct Professor in information of documents The problem areas addressed has been proposed, a sources. In all these cases,
Industrial Design at Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, inside folder ICD/9 Docs 46-57, were clean collection and holistic approach to solving containers for storage were
Australia. Her research focus is on kept in the Brighton Design storage of rainwater and water problems in rural and used to transport water from
experience and expertise, intuitive Archive. accessories for storage, water peri-urban communities. It the source or tap to the
interaction, intuitive navigation and payment, distribution and focused not only on ecological house for later use. During
product design. She has been
a forerunner of human-centred Water is life. Without it, transport, storage and hygiene. considerations but also on transport the water could
design research as applied to man would not survive. The The project was more than economy, efficiency and fun. be contaminated by hands,
industrial (product) design. Co- Interdesign ‘99 Water was the a challenge. In just two The system collected rainwater insects, bird droppings, etc.,
founder of the Industrial Design first initiative “simultaneously weeks, the designers had to from the roof of a house creating health problems. The
Course and Founder and Director
of People and Systems (PAS) Lab transcontinental” in 3 different converge simultaneously on employing flexible gutters and transport had to be hygienic
domain at QUT, Vesna was an countries, with six groups three different sites, assess storing it in a high-volume, and convenient.
ICSID Executive Board member of designers in Brisbane, water challenges within local plastic-coated sand dam under
from 1997 to 2001 and is currently Cuernavaca and Pretoria, that communities, develop ideas the house.
a Regional Adviser to the WDO.
She is a Fellow of the Design discussed possible solutions and finally present them in Topic IV
Research Society (UK) and the to the many water challenges. a joint video conference. Conservation
Design Institute of Australia (DIA). This theme was chosen Participants were selected Topic II
because all three countries from candidates from around Payment of water Water conservation is crucial in
are arid regions and face the world who had responded countries where this resource
similar problems related to the to the Internet invitation to Water payment and cost is scarce. Due to limited and
management and sustainable participate. recovery of water supply irregular seasonal rainfall,
use of water resources. Acknowledging the importance systems are major problems dangerously underdeveloped
The clay pot, used by the of involving the community both in rural communities water infrastructure services,
first civilizations to store and in the design process, they and in developing urban lack of self-government of
transport water, has been sought community opinion communities. There were communities, mistrust of
appropriately adopted as a on problems and possible shops selling water, authority and limited training,
symbol of Interdesign in a solutions along the way. prepayment meters and it was difficult to deal with
representation designed by Five areas of interest were special taps. Prepayment this concept. The problem
Jacques Lange of Bluprint identified as key issues and meters required the use of a was aggravated by the fact
Vesna Popovic. Source: Good Design. formed the backbone of work in prepaid phone card, which that water could be lost due
Design australia
all three countries. kept the stop valve open until to excessive evaporation
The concept of a joint the allocation on the card was or leakage in transport and
event arose in 1997 during exhausted. The meters had to distribution systems.
discussions between three Topic I be easy to use and protected The concept devised by this
ICSID board members: Clean harvesting and storage against vandalism. The focus group involved storage
Adrienne Viljoen from South of Rainwater, and accessories group conceived an efficient in a reservoir for cross-linking
Africa, Prof Vesna Popovic21 for conservation system for the transport and through the house, with a ‘grey’
from Australia, and Jorge payment of water through the water collection system located
Gomes Abrams from Mexico. The large amounts of construction of large moulded at a lower level for garden
The event was designed rainwater that fell on the roofs carriers that could be filled irrigation.
to be part of the Design for of barracks dispersed as with water, joined together
Development initiative of the runoff in watersheds. Only and then brought forward
Design Institute, born from in a few cases were simple and sold to families, creating Topic V
the commitment to reach harvesting systems used as local employment both in the Sanitation
developing countries in the rudimentary gutters combined manufacture of carriers and in
interest of promoting design as with tanks. The first rain their possible distribution. Toilets in developing countries
a key to a better quality of life. introduces impurities into the were not connected to waste
It was the first Interdesign of water tanks and, if not used, pipes and sewage treatment
the African continent. In South the water remains stagnant in Topic III systems, many were dry. The
Africa, Interdesign’99 Water the tank, allowing insects and Distribution and transportation problems associated with
was hosted by the Design small animals to contaminate this type of system included
Institute of the South African them. The water must be kept When treated water was the lack of adequate and
Bureau of Standards, whose hygienically and must not come supplied, it was distributed to appropriate facilities for hand
manager, Adrienne Viljoen, into contact with dirt, insects or distant taps, next to the well, washing, the inappropriate

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The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

facilities for hand washing, the The problem of how to ICSID BOARD
Prof. Augusto Morello, President;
inappropriate design of the explain the cost difference
Mr. Peter Butenschøn, President
waste tank, the lack of systems between the various water Elect;
to reuse water to rinse the systems to people in rural Mr. Soon-In Lee, Treasurer;
toilet, and the lack of systems areas has been solved Mr. Manuel Alvarez-Fuentes, Board
Member;
to periodically remove sludge. through the development
Mr. Luigi Ferrara, Board Member;
The focus of the group was the of a communication kit Mr. Theo J.J. Groothuizen, Board
need to improve the latrines with drawings of different Member;
and make them easier to use.
Concepts developed included
a mother and child unit and an
easy-to-do water dispenser for
components within each
system depicted on cards.
Mr. Tapani Hyvönen, Board
Member;
Mr. David Kusuma, Board Member;
Prof. Ron Nabarro, Board Member;
Assoc. Prof. Vesna Popovic, Board
1999, SOUTH KOREA
washing hands. Member;
Prof. Dr. Peter Zec, Board Member.
Design for Body and Mind

Seoul, South Korea

22 June – 11 July
1999
51
participants

Communication, education,
The topic food, health, transport, work &
leisure

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The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

This chapter is based on the of East Asia’s traditional

review of documents stored in approach to design as an
22. KAID - Korea Association of the Brighton Design Archive inseparable entity of an
Industrial Designers, is a South
Korean association composed
inside folder ICD/9 Docs 46-57. experiential whole;
of industrial designers as well as > Study the possibilities of
professors and workers of the In 1997, the Korean developing a new design
field, businesses specializing in government pledged to language based on “the
design, and corporate members.
In both domestic and international
financially support the union of body and mind”;
exchanges, KAID has played a preparation of an Interdesign > Contribute to the
leading role in the field of industrial in Seoul. The idea originated humanistic design, giving
design since 1972, such as actively in Aspen, Colorado, USA, people the opportunity to
participating in organizational
activities and international
in 1995 during an ICSID cultivate and appreciate
conferences, recruiting corporate Executive Board meeting. their full faculties of both
members, and dispatching officers Organized by KAID22 and body and mind.
to international organizations. KIDP23, this Interdesign has Participants were divided
obtained the support of into groups to address six
numerous companies including interrelated themes.
Hyundai Motor Company,
23. Established in 1970, KIDP - Samsung Electronics Co.,
Korea Institute of Industrial design
Promotion is the only design body
and LG Information & Group I
in Korea to plan and implement Communications, Ltd. Thirty Communication, delivering
national design policies and Korean designers and twenty- emotion
strategies. Affiliated with the one foreign designers met
Ministry of Trade, Industry, and
Energy, it aims to raise the quality
to find solutions to a variety On a large white roll the
of life for people through design of themes, exploring the group captured the content
and lead the innovation of the possibility of applying the of the initial discussion,
Korean design industry. traditional East Asian design which revolved around
paradigm of “non-dualism of the definition of the term
body and mind” to the practice ‘communication’. Initially, they
of contemporary design. Popo made a distinction between
On the top right: Figure 8 -
before the start of Interdesign, the terms ‘communication’ and
Interdesign ‘99 South Korea. the political situation in Korea ‘communicating’, between the
Source: https://wdo.org/ worsened due to the conflict transmission of information and
programmes/interdesign-through- between South Korea and the activity of communication
the-years/
North Korea. This prompted between people.
On the lower right: Figure 9 - Group some foreign participants to Later they identified various
photo of participants at Interdesign withdraw, suddenly narrowing levels of communication,
‘99 South Korea. Source: https:// the number of designers from dialogues between themselves,
wdo.org/programmes/interdesign-
through-the-years/
overseas. Korean designers, with others, and with a higher
not well accustomed to spirit like their own god. The
teamwork and in excess of group decided to focus only on
foreign ones, have struggled to activities involving a dialogue
understand the typical design between one or more people,
approach of an Interdesign. a dialogue described as an
The challenge of the seminar exchange that takes place
was to link the past to the between the participants of a
positive spirit of the time. conversation in which there is
The goals were: action and reaction to both, or
> Explore the paradigm all, the parties.
of alternative design in But to have communication, a
addition to two concepts shared frame of reference was
of modern design theory, needed. The notion of body
functionalism and language was not neglected
formalism, in light but needed sensitivity to

210 211
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

cultural interpretation. The actively. But education does loved and widely used in most Group V
group decided to focus its not exist alone. The approach countries throughout history. Transportation
efforts on creating design of this working group was It also lends itself to various
solutions that facilitate or to explore ways in which cooking methods allowing With the change in lifestyle and
improve communication. education, design education in the preparation of different social environment, the design
Starting from the subsequent particular, can influence and be dishes. Using this common and concept of personal
sub-themes of Interdesign, influenced by communication, ingredient, each member of transportation itself become
participants developed food, transport, work and the group created a new dish, more sophisticated to suit
different scenarios that leisure, and health care. The also designing dishes and personal tastes. The cultural
highlight communication proposals included: utensils necessary to serve and revolution in digital technology,
problems; between doctor and > More effective marketing eat it. Some of the individual the development of cybernetic
patient, between passengers improves design policy; creations were: ‘Volcano Rice’, technology and virtual reality
of a car, between students and > The development of ‘Heart of Communication’, and made it possible to imagine
teachers, and so on. local industry needs a ‘Bed of Kimbob’. The dishes new means of transport in
This area of interest saw the developed industrial were from each member of time and space through virtual
development of a feedback design; the group in the Cho Food space. Research on substitute
system on the quality of > Promotion of inner Coordinator Institute and energies, such as fuel cells,
education, a system of short- motivation; were exhibited on the last day hydrogen and electricity, which
range communication between > Emphasis on discipline with appreciation from the produce almost no pollution,
cars and cars, and a system of from social activity; committee and visitors. influenced the design of future
indicating family presence. > Teaching students the art vehicles. The group discussed
of communicating ideas; the general context of everyday
> Providing students Group IV life in the future, and produced
Group II with professional and Healthcare: Harmonious various ideas, including the
Education marketable skills. Healing – The development of ‘Roller-pole’, ‘Escargo’, a
tools and space means for true sports driving
The goal of this group was to for body and mind, a ‘sled
develop a model of design Group III The main objective was to find track’ and an ‘Eastern running
education that went beyond Food holistic design approaches space’.
the limits of the current Korean combining the medical
approach, and that would Food is one of the essential practices of East and West.
allow the development of elements in our lives. It not While Western medical science Group VI
alternative approaches. A more only provides energy for our sought to cure diseases with Work & leisure
holistic understanding of the body but generates pleasure a direct counterreaction,
relationship between Design, through its taste and visual Eastern medical art dealt Work & leisure are the elements
humans and civilization was appearance. The food has two with the human body as an that make up human life, and
needed. In both the West and aspects: the Muht, a Korean integrated organization of the body and mind interact with
the East, modern culture was term for the visual arrangement all organs, trying to heal him them at the same time. The
characterized by the dualism of of everything that makes food with the natural healing power growth of Telecommunication
mind and body, an intellectual pleasant to look at, dishes, based on the total harmony of and Information Technology
departure from the body utensils and the setting of the Yin and Yang. A harmonious has revolutionized the way
associated with an excessive table, and the Maht, a term healing uses both body and we think about work, but the
emphasis on technological that refers to the pleasure that mind in medical treatment. closer we get to technology,
developments and scientific comes from eating it. Muht The group wanted to create the further away we will end
efforts. Freeing design from deals with the aesthetic aspect new equipment and cultivate up from nature. The group
the limitations of emphasis of the design, while Maht deals new environments that would focused on the fact that each
on function could open with the functional aspect. satisfy this philosophy, the first of us needs to empty our
the door to self-realization, The goal of this group was to step towards a new order in mind of various stresses and
transforming students from create both Muht and Maht, medicine. pollution, to recharge and feed
passive receivers to active not as chefs but as designers, it. Emphasis was placed on
participants. With an emphasis combining two different returning to nature which, in
on body-mind non-dualism, an cultures to design a new East Asian philosophy, is seen
environment is created in which type of fusion food. Rice was as a source of meditation for
people are taught to participate chosen as the basic food, body and mind.

212 213
The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West The '90s - A peaceful decade of union between East and West

24. Augusto Morello (1928 - 2002) clients such as Alfac, 3M, Plantin, The group also developed
was born in Turin. Graduated in Sic and RTBF. He served on the concepts for ‘products for body
chemistry, he started working Icograda Executive Board for eight
at Olivetti. Between 1955 and years: as Treasurer from 1993 to and mind in work and leisure’,
1970 in Rinascente he played 1995; as President-Elect from 1995 comfortable and functional
the unprecedented role of design to 1997; as President from 1997 tools that established harmony
manager. He is a consultant to 1999; and as Past President between people and the
on strategy and planning in from 1999 to 2001. He is one of
private companies and public the initiators of “Design for the environment.
administrations, with studies on World”, an organisation dedicated
“product coalition”, life cycles, to finding design solutions to On the last day, the exhibition
cross-oligopolies, the relationship humanitarian problems. Since hall was full of guests,
between marketing, innovation and 2003 he has been President of the
management control. Ydesign Foundation in Belgium. including presidents of
In 1954 Morello invented the international design companies
Premio per l’estetica del prodotto, such as Augusto Morello 24
which later became the Compasso of ICSID, Guy Schockaert 25
d’Oro. In 2001 he was awarded
the career prize, punctuated by of ICOGRADA, Fumio Okura
a dense sequence of prestigious of JIDA, and Cheng-Neng
assignments: president of AISM Kuan26 of CIDA and others. The
- Italian Association for Marketing excitement was skyrocketing
Studies, ADI - Association for
Industrial Design and ICSID - and the six groups uniquely
International Council of Societes prepared their presentations.
of Industrial Design; lecturer at Guy Schockaert. For example, the leader of
Politecnico di Milano, Iulm, Virginia; Source: Ad Hoc Design the food group wore a kind of
editor of magazines such as
“Stileindustria”; essayist. The last 26. Kuan Cheng-Neng, born in chef’s uniform that indicated
two years of his life he is president 1954, earned a Master’s degree group activities regarding
of the Triennale di Milano. in Industrial Design from the Pratt fusion food.
Institute in New York. He is a full
professor and the vice president
of Shih-Chien University, Taipei,
Taiwan. In 1992 he founded
the Department of Industrial
Design at Shih-Chien University.
In 1997 he founded the School
of Design where he served as
the dean until 2004. Chairman
of the Board of China Industrial
Designers Association (CIDA), he
Augusto Morello, s.d. is a representative of Education
Source: Archivio Augusto Morello, Member (Shih-Chien University) of
Milano ICSID.

25. Guy Schockaert, a graphic

designer born in Courtrai, Belgium
in 1949, studied graphic arts and
visual communication at the Institut
Saint-Luc. His graphic studio
“Ad hoc Design” specialises in
corporate identity for a variety of

On the top right: Figure 10 -

Results of Interdesign ‘99 South
Korea. Source: https://wdo.org/
programmes/interdesign-through-
the-years/

On the lower right: Figure 11 - Final

exhibition. Interdesign ‘99 South
Korea. Source: https://wdo.org/
programmes/interdesign-through-
the-years/

214 215
 The new
millennium 6
 The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

The new millennium has brought many changes

with it. Unique facts happen, on a political
and environmental scale, which give life to a
subsequent generation of unrepeatable facts.
Technological and industrial changes, and a
The new millennium
growing interpenetration between the physical,
digital and biological worlds are pushing the world
Towards the fourth industrial revolution
towards a fourth industrial revolution.

2010
911 Terrorist Attacks
2001

11 September,
Al-Qaeda Terrorists Kyoto Protocol

2005
attack the United States
using hijacked passenger 16 February,
aircraft to bring down Entry into force U.S. Navy photo by Mass
the Twin Towers in New of the Kyoto Communication Specialist 1st
Class Michael B. Watkins
York and crashing an Protocol, which
Fukushima nuclear

2011
aircraft into the Pentagon operationalizes
Deepwater Horizon oil disaster
in Arlington County, the United Nations
spill
Virginia. Framework Global Financial Crisis 11 March,

2008
Convention on 20 April, Fukushima, Japan.
Climate Change The collapse of the USA. The nuclear
2nd Gulf War
2003

by committing American stock market The largest marine oil accident, caused
20 March, industrialized causes worldwide spill in the history of by the previous
The USA invade Iraq to countries and consequences and the petroleum industry year’s earthquake,
overthrow the regime of economies in gives rise to the great was an industrial and led to the release
Saddam Hussein, believed transition to limit recession, the most environmental disaster, of radioactivity
to be engaged in the and reduce severe economic and off the coast of the United into the air and
World Trade Center hit by two
development of weapons of greenhouse gas financial meltdown since States, in the Gulf of contamination of the
planes. Source: Spencer Platt mass destruction. emissions. the Great Depression. Mexico. surrounding land.

UN 2000 - 2009 Invasion of Muhammad cartoons Arab Spring End of the world
Afghanistan controversy
The United Nations
A series of anti- Many people
General Assembly 30 January 30 September,
government protests, believed that the
proclaims the The USA launches The Danish newspaper
uprisings and armed Mayan Calendar

2012
decade 2000- war actions against Jyllands-Posten publishes
2001

rebellions, began in marked the end of

2009 International the Taliban regime satirical cartoons about
Tunisia in response the world when the
Decade for the in Afghanistan. Mohammed and Islam.
to corruption and calendar stopped.
Culture of Peace The issue led to protests
economic stagnation,

2010
and Non-Violence. around the world, including
Boxing Day Tsunami and spread across the
violence and riots in some
Arab world.
20 March, Muslim countries.
Millennium bug India.
A massive tsunami with
A bug ushered in waves up to 30 m caused
the date change major disruptions in
between December coastal provinces of India,
31, 1999, and Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and
January 1, 2000,
2000

Thailand. It was caused

2005

in some data by a magnitude 9.3

processing systems.
2004

earthquake centred on Jyllands-Posten, September 2005

the west coast of northern
Sumatra, Indonesia.

218 219
The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

The WDO Interdesign program The topics of the Interdesigns

INTERDESIGN
in the new millennium has of this new millennium,
seen an abrupt end. Since instead, tend to focus on
2003, only 8 Interdesigns urban planning, the transport
have been organized in 7 system and product design.
countries, the latest of which The distribution of meeting
took place in India in 2014. locations was much wider, Packaging
After that, there has been no covering almost every

21st C 2009, Malmberget, Gällivare, Sweden

new program, probably due to
the introduction in 2020 of the
World Design Challenges, a
virtual chapter of Interdesigns.
And this is due to the outbreak
of the Sars-CoV-19 epidemic
continent. The reason for the
lack of Interdesign in the period
2014-2019 remains unknown.
Crafts

Product design
2007, Toronto, Canada

which interrupted face-to-face

meetings between people. The Marketing
first edition dealt with this very
problem. Local identity
Tourism
Animal-drawn carriages Business model

Community development Wine

Transport

Urban planning Resource Hygiene

management
Migration plan Water
Sustainable
housing
Exhibit
2009, Monterrey, Mexico

Interior design

TOPICS
2014, Mumbai, India

Waste
management
1979, Keszthely, Hungary
2005, Rustenburg, South Africa
2003, Santiago, Chile

2006, Buenos Aires, Argentina

220 221
The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

ICSID BOARD In the 1990s, the Chilean Las Condes, Santiago. To 1. Escuela de Diseño Instituto
Mr. Luigi Ferrara, Canada, wine industry experienced achieve the objectives set, Profesional DuocUC was founded
President; in 1968 as the “University
Prof. Dr. Peter Zec, Germany, accelerated growth and the Committee developed two Department of Workers and
President-Elect; profound transformation. workshops: “Wine, design and Farmers”.
Mr. Gianfranco Zaccai, USA, This process of change identity” and “Wine, design and
Treasurer; has driven the wine sector production processes”. 2. Asociación Chilena de Empresas
Dr. Mark Breitenberg, USA; Mr. de Diseño QVID was founded in
Robin Edman, Sweden; Prof. to be a dynamic sector, Therefore, in support of this 1994 as the Chilean Association of
Carlos Hinrichsen, Chile; Mr. mainly oriented towards theme, 11 conferences were Design Companies, with the aim
Giuliano Molineri, Italy;
Mr. George Teodorescu,
Germanyr;
Mr. Michael Thomson, United
Kingdom;
2003, CHILE foreign exports. Increasingly
competitive international
markets, however, required
the national industry to define
organized to understand the
problems, and several tour
tastings to personally feel the
value and attractiveness of
of disseminating, positioning and
protecting design as an innovative
contribution to the development of
the national economic activity.

Mr. Jamaluddin Tukimin, Malaysia;

Ms. Adrienne Viljoen, South Africa.
From Vineyard to Palate a clear and distinctive identity
for its offer, to consolidate its
wine.

position in foreign markets.

Mingling disciplines such as Wine, design, and identity
design, used as a tool for
increasing value, could be The aim of the workshop was
a solution to the challenge. to highlight the importance
Integrated into the wine of the mass media in
Santiago, Chile value chain, design can the development of the
serve as a tool for strategic wine industry through the
28 July – 8 August development, and as an engine development of web pages,
2003 for innovation. Wine is one of corporate images, advertising
the few products that come campaigns, magazines, road
with the identification of origin signs, posters, etc.
to the final consumer, and this
is a comparative advantage I. Tourism and public spaces
that can be exploited. Strengthen the experience
Channelling innovation into on the site in the memory of
products and services would, tourists through the adaptation
in turn, increase the country’s of tourist inputs, signals and
competitiveness by positioning information, along with the
Chile as a leader in the region. design of showrooms and
interior spaces of circulation
Faced with this reality and non-circulation for visitors .
and recognizing the close
relationship between this II. Promotion, sale and
sector and other sectors of consumption
the economy, such as tourism To present and improve the
and gastronomy, three ICSID quality of wine to consumers
members - Escuela de Diseño through the development of
Instituto Profesional DuocUC,1 outlets, containers, packaging,
Asociación Chilena de labels, glasses, consumer
Empresas de Diseño QVID,2 products, promotional material,
Colegio de Diseñadores retail.
Profesionales de Chile CDP
- with the support of the main
Wine tourism experience, commercial entities of Chilean Wine, design and production
The topic packaging, equipment viticulture held a cross-sectoral processes
Interdesign to discuss the
future of the sector. It was held The aim of the workshop was
at the Sede San Carlos de to show how the modern wine
Apoquindo de DuocUC in industry opens opportunities

222 223
The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

to designers, problem solvers III. Transport and storage ICSID BOARD

within the structures and in the To preserve the quality of the Mr. Luigi Ferrara, Canada,
President;
different stages of production. finished product through export Prof. Dr. Peter Zec, Germany,
storage solutions, packaging, President-Elect;
I. Production equipment pallets, bins, barrels and piping Mr. Gianfranco Zaccai, USA,
To encourage quality solutions, transport, forklifts Treasurer;
Dr. Mark Breitenberg, USA; Mr.
production through proposed and all machinery related to the Robin Edman, Sweden; Prof.
signals, layout, equipment, movement of products in the Carlos Hinrichsen, Chile; Mr.
suitable machinery, etc.

II. Tools and clothing

To optimise work in the
final stages.
2003, MEXICO Giuliano Molineri, Italy;
Mr. George Teodorescu,
Germanyr;
Mr. Michael Thomson, United
Kingdom;
collection and production
phases by developing
Crafts as a Tool for the Strategic Design Mr. Jamaluddin Tukimin, Malaysia;
Ms. Adrienne Viljoen, South Africa.
specialised tools, clothing
suitable for working conditions,
Development
safety equipment, ergonomic
accessories, etc.

Mexico City, Mexico

4 – 15 November 2003

Marketing of craft products,

The topic product design

224 225
The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

3. IIFAEM - Instituto de The artisan tradition in Latin the poor identification of 3. Comunidad Artesanal 7. San Juan Xoconusco belonging
Investigación y Fomento de las America is an important factor indigenous traditional values as de San Pedro to the municipality of Donato
Artesanías is a Decentralized Guerra, elaborate crafts of ocoxal,
Public Organization created in of socio-cultural identity that is an important inhibiting factor Tenayac Municipio de leaves that come off of pines,
1994 by Decree no. 41 issued by mainly located in the territories for local development. Temascaltepec that with patience and cleverness
the Legislature H. LII of the State of between the central plateau To find solutions to this Objective: Market opening give the elaboration of paneras,
Mexico. of Mexico and the Andes. An challenge, UAEM organized, and better integration of alhajeros, alcancias, fruteros,
tortilleros, floreros, canastos and
4. Centro Promotor de Diseño essential part of this tradition in collaboration with ICSID and artisans charolas, with a rich aroma of
México is an Agency established in is the aesthetic expressions CPDM – Centro Promotor de 4. Comunidad Artesanal unique and special nature.
1994, in which participants National which are still employed by Diseño México,4 an Interdesign de san Juan Xoconusco,
Bank for Foreign Trade, National craftsmen and which manifest in Toluca, Mexico City, from 3 Municipio de Donato
Financial, Ministry of the Economy,
Mexican Institute of Industrial their tradition, meaning and to 14 November 2003. Guerra.7
Property, National Council for vision of the world. They The aim of the programme Objective: Developing
Science and Technology and highlight costumes rooted in was to teach and give new proposals for market
I.B.M. groups that process everyday Mexico’s craftsmen a better integration; design of
5. The NAFTA - North American objects, mainly textiles and understanding of the latest objects made with ocoxal.
Free Trade Agreement, was ceramics. technological advancements,
legislated in 1994 and created Mexico stands out for a large providing them with a wider
a free trade zone for Mexico, number of ethnic groups and spectrum of requirements This Interdesign has
Canada, and the United States.
It’s the most important feature pre-Hispanic cultures that and necessities. All of these recognized the artisanal
in the U.S.-Mexico bilateral boast a wide artisanal tradition should have lead to improved value of training design
commercial relationship, providing that includes different branches commercialisation channels professionals in a framework
coverage to services except of products, materials and for their products, in response of global competence. It also
for aviation transport, maritime,
and basic telecommunications. production processes, which to the high demand for quality investigated the commitment to
The agreement also provides represent an important source established by the Nafta the local sector from a cultural
intellectual property rights of income for the population. agreement5 with Canada and point of view, breaking down
protection in a variety of areas There are craft communities, the United States. the traditional common barriers,
including patent, trademark, and
copyrighted material. mainly in the municipalities and allowing participants to
near the Toluca Valley, with The Interdesign was attended get to know the context of the
6. Comunidad Artesanal de San high local, regional, national by international designers and Mexican State craftsmanship in
Pedro Arriba is based in the city and international recognition project leaders, who were all its senses.
of San Pedro Abajo, very close to
Temoaya, a municipality located for the aesthetic and joined by Mexican design
in the Tourist Corridor “Herencia manufacturing value of their professionals and groups
Otomí” which has become a products. However, there is of students from various
landmark for fabrics, especially a low level of trade in these universities invited to this
carpets. In this town, the Otomi
make the most beautiful coloured products on the markets. international project. Four pilot
carpets with the traditional tunnels projects have been launched,
of their culture. The processing of UAEM - The Universidad which have examined various
these handicrafts has a long and Autónoma del Estado de issues related to the craft
exhausting process; to be able to
tie from three to four centimetres, it México has developed some sector, in four local contexts of
takes about eight hours a day. studies, in collaboration with considerable tradition:
the IIFAEM,3 to contribute 1. Comunidad Artesanal
to the development of craft de San Pedro Arriba,
communities. They analyzed Municipio de Temoaya.6
how to improve craft Objective: Improving
production through various carpet production
techniques, the marketing processes.
of products, including their 2. Comunidad Artesanal de
aesthetic, material and San Juan Teotihuacan,
symbolic characteristics. Municipio de San Juan
In some research on local Teotihuacan.
development, they discovered Objective: Increasing the
the low marketing and the lack potential markets; designs
of market assessment of some of products made with
craft products. One cause is obsidian.

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ICSID BOARD South Africa has a primary within the local context and 7. SABS - South African Bureau
Prof. Dr. Peter Zec, Germany, road system that is the envy of environment. of Standards, is an autonomous
President; body established as a result of an
Prof. Carlos Hinrichsen, Chile, the continent. High-speed and 2. Some of the concepts act of Parliament, committed to
President-elect; well-maintained, it connects should be developed providing standardization services
Dr. Mark Breitenberg, USA, major urban areas. On the into real products, real that improve the competitiveness
Treasurer; other hand, many rural areas businesses and real job of South Africa through the
Mr. Tony Chang, Taiwan; understanding and development
Mr. Robin Edman, Sweden; are inadequately connected opportunities. of standardization products and
Ms. Lorraine Justice, Hong Kong; to the primary transportation 3. It should involve ICSID and services within South Africa and
Mr. Giuliano Molineri, Italy;
Dr. Darlie O Koshy, India;
Mr. Jae-jin Shim, Korea;
Ms. Judit Varhelyi, Hungary;
Ms. Adrienne Viljoen, South Africa.
2005, SOUTH AFRICA system, and a lack of
transportation results in people
being omitted from basic
social services, like proper
ICOGRADA members in
multidisciplinary outcomes
in an environment
where illiteracy and
internationally. SABS is mandated
to: develop, promote and maintain
South African National Standards
(SANS); promote quality in
connection with commodities,
Sustainable Rural Transport educational opportunities.
Since half of the population
multilingualism are factors.
4. lt can align the project with
products and services; and render
conformity assessment services
and assist in matters connected
lives in those areas, the the objectives of NEPAD. therewith.
government wanted to address
this issue. In 2002, the South Four focus areas, one for each
African Bureau of Standards7 work team, were identified:
received a request from the Animal-Drawn Carts, Bicycles
Mpumalanga Government to & Tricycles, Alternative
develop specifications for use Modes of Transport and
65 Rustenburg, South
Africa
3 – 16 April 2005
in a tender document for the
construction of a local donkey
cart. This demand stemmed
Communication.
But why did they choose
to focus on non-motorised
participants
from problems related to the rural transport in this high-
structure and use of existing technology age? That is
animal-drawn carriages and because more than 60% of
the need for national rules and rural households in South
regulations. Africa claimed that motorised
The SABS Design Institute public transport was not
decided to present an available to them or too far
international design workshop away to access.
to address the whole issue Exploring the community
of rural transport in South environment, designers had the
Africa. The problem-oriented opportunity to consult the local
and holistic approach municipality and community
would address all aspects representatives to elaborate
of transport and rural on rural transport needs. The
communities, including social teams’ approach was multi-
and environmental issues, dimensional, with a special
sustainability and costs. focus on contextual issues and
realistic outcomes.
This Interdesign was endorsed They visited the communities
by ICSID, ICOGRADA, and before and after concept
the South African Department development, getting feedback
of Transport. It took place in from the locals that filtered the
Rustenburg, in the North-West designers’ misconceptions and
province of South Africa, from preconceived ideas.
Animal-drawn carriages, rural 3 to 16 April 2005, with specific
The topic transport project objectives:
1. Feasible concepts for Social issues — Individual
products should be and community problems,
developed with a real needs, desires, aspirations and
possibility of development expectations.

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ICSID BOARD
Prof. Dr. Peter Zec, Germany,
President;
Prof. Carlos Hinrichsen, Chile,
President-elect;
Dr. Mark Breitenberg, USA,
Treasurer;
Mr. Tony Chang, Taiwan;
Mr. Robin Edman, Sweden;
Ms. Lorraine Justice, Hong Kong;

2006, ARGENTINA Mr. Giuliano Molineri, Italy;

Dr. Darlie O Koshy, India;
Mr. Jae-jin Shim, Korea;
Ms. Judit Varhelyi, Hungary;
Ms. Adrienne Viljoen, South Africa.
Retail Design - Design Retail

Buenos Aires,
Argentina
17 – 28 July 2006

Figure 1 - Local dance during Transport management functionality and social

celebration, Interdesign 2005. acceptability. On 21 August
issues — Standards,
Source: https://wdo.org/
programmes/interdesign-through- regulatory issues, licensing and 2009, the SABS, at the
the-years/ safety. University of Johannesburg,
delivered the completed
Sustainability — Enhanced prototypes. The Department
8. The University of Johannesburg quality of life, possibilities for of Industrial Design of the
UJ is one of the largest business opportunities and University of Johannesburg8
comprehensive contact universities employment creation. was responsible for producing
in South Africa. It came into instruction manuals for
existence on 1 January 2005 as
the result of a merger between the Environmental issues — communities. These
Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), Animal care, local materials manuals had to teach how
the Technikon Witwatersrand and recycling to manufacture some of the
(TWR) and the Soweto and East prototypes with materials
Rand campuses of Vista University
and equipment appropriate
On the last day, during for construction, to verify the
a meeting, the National quality of the products made.
Department of Transport
indicated the preferred
concepts for the development
of prototypes, financed by the Interior design, exhibit, urban
Department itself. Within the
The topic surroundings
SABS mechanical laboratory,
two rural communities involved
in the design laboratory tested
these prototypes for

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The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

9. The UNESCO Creative Cities Argentina is a country with an And it’s in this city that the first ICSID BOARD
Network (UCCN) was created enormously rich and varied Argentine Interdesign took Prof. Carlos Hinrichsen, Chile,
in 2004 to promote cooperation President;
with and among cities that have culture. Driven by globalization place, at the Agrarian Sciences Dr. Mark Breitenberg, USA,
identified creativity as a strategic and greater connectivity, it School in the Universidad President-Elect;
factor for sustainable urban has seen exponential growth Católica Argentina. During Mr. Brandon Gien, Australia,
development. Buenos Aires was in creative industries, pillars these two weeks of intensive Treasurer;
appointed as the first UNESCO Mr. Wen-long Chen, Taiwan;
City of Design on the 24th of of an ongoing economic work, theoretical talks were Ms. Leimei Julia Chiu, Japan;
August 2005, to be joined later transformation. The design held in Spanish with group Mr. Martin Darbyshire, United
by Bandung, Beijing, Berlin,
Bilbao, Budapest, Curitiba, Detroit,
Dundee, Graz, Helsinki, Kaunas,
Kobe, Montreal, Nagoya, Puebla,
Saint-Étienne, Seoul, Shanghai,
has increasingly entered all
market segments through
the introduction of innovative
design processes and
discussions and work
sessions to design graphic
images, equipment, signals,
promotional products,
2007, CANADA Kingdom;
Prof. Lorraine Justice, China;
Dr. Darlie Koshy, India;
Mr. Jae-jin Shim, Korea;
Mr. Kazuo Tanaka, Japan;
Shenzhen, Singapore and Turin. technologies. Despite the
intense economic difficulties of
environment, and urban
surroundings. The objective
World House Interdesign Forum Ms. Judit Várhelyi, Hungary.

recent years, a new generation was to transform El Dorrego

of young and creative people into a space for young
has given free rein to their designers and entrepreneurs
imagination and talent, and who wished to enter the
is increasingly selling their market, but did not have the
creations both to the national financial power to do so. The
market and to the world. On workshop aimed to explore
the 24th of August 2005, by
granting Buenos Aires its ‘City
of Design’ award,9 UNESCO
innovative solutions for the
implementation of this building,
integrally devoted to assisting
152 Toronto, Canada
24 – 30 June 2007
participants
has recognised that creativity new businesses started by
is an essential element of the designers and creators in the
city’s economic development. cultural industry. They toke into
Ater all, Buenos Aires has the account not only the internal
greatest number of design space of the building, but also
students in the world. its urban surroundings.

Sustainable housing, water

The topic management, conservation,
community development

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« This is the great new Inspired by M. L. King’s vision I. The town of Port Perry, cultures. The team had to
of the world as a house, the urban docks create a plan, business model,
problem of mankind. We Institute without Boundaries and vision statement for a
have inherited a large at George Brown College, in The objective was to strengthen community hub that would
house, a great “world house” Toronto, Canada, coordinated Port Perry’s identity through a engage local residents and
in which we have to live the first World House plan linking the development act as an incubator space with
together […] a family unduly Interdesign from June 24-30, site with the existing urban knowledge support amenities.
2007. It lasted only 7 days,11 fabric and adjacent lands, so
separated in ideas, culture unlike previous Interdesigns, as to ensure a responsible
and interest, who, because and brought together 152 and mutually dependent All design propositions of the
we can never again live apart, participants from 11 countries connection between industry four charrette teams share
must learn somehow to live to investigate four charrette and nature, an example that common themes and values.
with each other in peace.»10 challenges of community can be replicated for other > Transition space play a
development in Southern municipalities. significant role in shaping
Ontario. our interaction with
Martin Luther King, Jr. manufactured and natural
Charrettes12 are an articulated II. The Toronto Waterfront environments
process, a collaborative > Connecting people with
10. Martin Luther King, Jr., Where and creative effort between The task was to turn an land and water, natural
Do We Go from Here: Chaos or
designers, urban planners, unused parking lot into a treasures to be explored
Community?
sociologists, lawyers, other water configuration that > Incremental development.
11. The 7-day conference was industry professionals and would promote awareness Nature is resilient, and
composed of a three-day charrette, stakeholders, in particular of rainwater management design that grow matching
lecture series, social events,
the inhabitants of the places and water savings, including the natural patterns of the
and site visits. The lecture series
included talks by scholar Thomas object of intervention. Using treating the area’s rainwater site and of the community
Homer-Dixon, co-founder of IDEO a multidisciplinary and and wastewater and returning it will endure over time.
Bill Moggridge, Leslie Hoffman a comprehensive approach, to Lake Ontario. > Creating markets and
pioneer in the field of sustainable
each charrette generates habitats by creating places
architecture and agriculture, Peter
Love, Ontario’s first Chief Energy holistic results that target for interaction.
Conservation Officer, Nicola Ross a the ecological, economic, III. Downsview Park, > Creating a destination to
leading environmental writer as well social, political and cultural Toronto’s backyard draw an audience.
as many others prominent local
complexities of the project. > Integration is the key to
and international speakers that
attended the Conference including The goal was to evolve a build a support network
Peter Zec, president of Icsid from Participants addressed issues military base into a sustainable for long-term caretaking
most importantly, producing Figure 2 - Interdesign 2007 photos
2005-2007 and Carlos Hinrichsen, related to sustainable housing urban park appreciated and and preservation of a of sites. Source: https://wdo.org/
Icsid President Elect. actionable results for the
design, water management, maintained by residents. The successful public space. programmes/interdesign-through-
places and communities the-years/
conservation, community team considered how the > Connection, between
12. A charrette is a type of involved. The study of the
participatory planning process, development, working on the park could be transformed people and nature,
Waterfront case continued with
usually compressed into a short problems of a real scenario. to accommodate different between urban and rural,
period of time, that assembles an the development proposals of
They analyzed four categories: groups and events without public and private etc.
interdisciplinary team to create a both Parkette and Sherbourne
capacity, sustainability, destroying the local ecology Charrettes, by definition,
design and implementation plan for Park and Sugar Beach. In
a specific project. conservation, and revitalization. or overly expensive regional are designed to forge
Downsview Park, the signage
Each challenge was addressed infrastructure. connections. Partnerships
proposed by the Charrette
using the Institute without and commonalities emerge
teams has been installed to
Boundaries’ World House when opportunities are
promote better use of the park.
Matrix, a framework for IV. The Mount Dennis linked, relationships
In Port Perry, the project led to
generating holistic design neighborhood, a community builds, and interactions
the reorganization of the city’s
solutions. It categorises the company encouraged.
lands. The Weston-Mt.Dennis
basic elements of housing
community redevelopment
design into 12 systems, which The task was to re-imagine This Interdesign demonstrated
project continues to this day,
was be further grouped into Toronto’s new cityscape with how one event could create
and three non-profit groups
four categories: terrain, climate, residents, for a community both top-down and bottom-up
have been formed by the
economy and culture. center that interacted with local solutions by bringing together
Charrette participants.
residents of all generations and various stakeholders and,

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ICSID BOARD Innovation alone is not 13. ITESM - Instituto Tecnologico

Prof. Carlos Hinrichsen, Chile, necessarily perceived A new model of public y de Estudios Superioes de
President; Monterrey, also known as Tec, is
Dr. Mark Breitenberg, USA, as valuable; hundreds of transport for the city, for a coeducational private university
President-Elect; products that are put on the a paradigm shift in this founded in 1943 by Eugenio
Mr. Brandon Gien, Australia, market every day are a vivid sector. Garza Sada, an MIT-educated
Treasurer; example of this. A significant industrialist. ITESM has always
Mr. Wen-long Chen, Taiwan; had close links with the Mexican
Ms. Leimei Julia Chiu, Japan; innovation must reflect a value, business elite and is also known
Mr. Martin Darbyshire, United perceived by the end user and as being the first university to be
Kingdom;
Prof. Lorraine Justice, China;
Dr. Darlie Koshy, India;
Mr. Jae-jin Shim, Korea;
Mr. Kazuo Tanaka, Japan;
2009, MEXICO other stakeholders within the
production and consumption
chain. It is an end-user-centred
concept, strategically oriented
A concept for two different
types of buses for the
public transport model,
connected to the Internet in Ibero-
America.

14. EGADE - Escuela de

Graduados en Administración
Ms. Judit Várhelyi, Hungary. Design Avenue. A path to meaningful innovation and supported by creative,
sustainable and socially
comprising a high-
capacity/low-frequency
y Dirección de Empresas is the
graduate business school of the
Monterrey Institute of Technology.
responsible business models. high-speed bus to connect
To deepen this difference, the different municipalities
ITESM - the Instituto of the city and a low-
Tecnologico y de Estudios capacity/high-frequency
Superioes de Monterrey,13 low-speed shuttle for
organized an Interdesign at shorter routes within each
the EGADE Graduate School municipality.
51 Monterrey, Mexico
12 – 23 October 2009
of Business14 in the city of
Monterrey, Nuevo Leon,
Mexico, from 12 to 23 October
participants
2009. Fifty-one participants
from 15 different countries Bus stops less invasive,
designed strategic solutions to with three proposals
answer the following questions: depending on the type
1. How can design of route; a minimalist
contribute to create one with a signal and a
meaningful innovation in a multisensory element; one
city with a strong vocation with a panoramic roof and
for knowledge and culture? a support for short waits;
2. What strategies could be and a last variant that
used to increase “a Design allows people to sit for low
Culture” in a predominantly frequency lines.
industrial city?
3. What kind of sustainable
and creative business
models could be
implemented to show
More natural urban
the value of design-
furniture, that grows on the
driven innovation?
city landscape imitating
4. How do you change an
natural elements and
industrial city into a city of
generating comfortable
culture, knowledge and
and safe spaces for
design?
citizens, following a certain
order in the urban space.
Urban planning, transport, During the two weeks of
The topic business model work, participants developed
conceptual proposals around
seven study areas, illustrated
with a series of digital
renderings and scale models.

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ICSID BOARD
An immersive experience An innovative business Prof. Carlos Hinrichsen, Chile,
President;
for the Design Atrium, a model for the Tianguis Dr. Mark Breitenberg, USA,
symbolic space formed street market, where President-Elect;
by three self-supporting design students can Mr. Brandon Gien, Australia,
concrete shells, compete to sell their Treasurer;
Mr. Wen-long Chen, Taiwan;
abstraction of a blooming products for a year. Ms. Leimei Julia Chiu, Japan;
flower. Together, these The model included a Mr. Martin Darbyshire, United
shells create a sensory
space for contemplation of
the city.
consultancy service that
would provide them with
the information necessary
to start a successful
2009, SWEDEN Kingdom;
Prof. Lorraine Justice, China;
Dr. Darlie Koshy, India;
Mr. Jae-jin Shim, Korea;
Mr. Kazuo Tanaka, Japan;
business on their own. City Move Ms. Judit Várhelyi, Hungary.

The Design Plaza and

the Children’s Corner, a These seven solutions have the
multisensory experience common objective of improving
that connects nature to the the quality of life of Monterrey’s
city. The main element is a citizens, creating new
ramp on the St. Lucia river commercial opportunities and Malmberget, Gällivare,
promenade that offers a
panoramic view and at the
same time some services.
direct and indirect jobs. But
this same model of know-how
was developed to be easily
40 Sweden
22 March – 3 April
participants 2009
The Tianguis market adapted and replicated in other
extends on one side, while places, to provide economic
the Children’s Corner on stability to as many people as
the other side provides an possible
initial contact with creativity
and innovation. At the
bottom there is the Plaza,
the heart of a community
that combines culture,
business and people. A
welcoming and inclusive
place, accessible to all.

Urban planning, migration plan,

The topic community development

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The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

« We realized that we were Throughout history we have The 40 participants were split
had migrations around into six interdisciplinary groups
not just moving houses; we the world, which often and partnered with Swedish
were moving society, and that had a dramatic impact on locals who served as guides
is a very complex thing.15 » development. Even today, and translators.
people and entire communities They lived around the edge
Claes Frössén, SVID are forced to move. The of the pit, some of them in
reasons can be different: from abandoned houses and every
climate change, earthquakes, night, shortly after midnight,
water regulations, war or, they heard the explosion that
15. Dickinson, E. E., (2010)The Pit
That Swallowed a City, ARCHITECT
as in Gällivare-Malmberget, expanded the mine. On the
the expansion of the mining third day, participants visited
16. The extraction of iron ore began industry. the mine, vast, complex
in 1741 at the mountain of Illuvaara, How to move a city? Or rather, and with a huge amount of
later known as Gellivare Malmberg
and finally only Malmberget. The
how to move people? What infrastructure including a
first train carrying iron ore was happens when the population restaurant. On the surface,
loaded in 1888 - this was the is forced to move because the however, life was much less
beginning of the great iron race ground disappears under its organized, with dead-end
that brought many job opportunities
with the consequent construction
feet? The inhabitants of the streets disconnected from each
of the surrounding town. Right district of Malmberget, in the other.
in the centre of Malmberget, municipality of Gällivare, are One of the problems
the deep mine reached daylight forced to do so, moving at the encountered was poor
and thus created a huge hole
called Kaptensgropen, “The
same pace as an increasingly communication between
Captain’s Pit”. In March 2012, intensive mining operation. citizens, the mining company,
Gropen was joined with a new The ground is literally and the municipal government.
pit resulting from the ‘Fabian’- crumbling under Malmberget For exemple, they discovered
deposit speleology as expected,
and grew southward dividing the
as the mining industry that the site chosen for
city, and making the old town grows. Gropen,16 an ever- relocating citizens was actually
uninhabitable. An operation to fill widening pit in the city center an active mining area, making
Gropen with by-product stones is three miles deep and it likely that another move
from the underground mines has
subsequently begun. Gropen will
almost half a mile across the would need to happen in 50
eventually be filled, but the area landscape. years’ time.
remains uninhabitable given the When, how and where to
seismic events caused by the mine move? Group II Group III Figure 3 -Kaptensgropen,
that regularly shakes the remaining Malmberget, Sweden. Source:
parts of Malmberget.
Group I Dundret calls Citizens on the move
https://wdo.org/programmes/
SVID, the Swedish Industrial Feel free: organize interdesign-through-the-years/
17. LKAB - Luossavaara- Design Foundation, contacted The group suggested creating The group proposed a process
Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag is a the municipality of Gällivare in The group proposed to invest incentives for people to that addresses four main
government-owned Swedish
mining company established in
early 2007 to understand how in events and activities, to stay, a calendar of events areas: identity, communication,
1890. The company mines iron ore they tried to solve the housing create new industries and throughout the year, landscape education and family. It was
at Kiruna and at Malmberget in problem. To better manage stimulate existing ones, to art, festivals and exhibitions. about moving citizens, not the
northern Sweden. this challenge they had to rely reuse the residual products They also recommended that city. Their proposal included
on the needs, circumstances of the mine to produce the city be allowed to grow a Center for Citizens in
and will of citizens, and to prefabricated concrete outside the area of interest for Movement (CIM) in the square
ensure this, SVID, with the elements. The change had to mining in order to increase of Gällivare, a physical and
support of the mining company be based on common values, the long-term duration and virtual meeting place, and
LKAB,17 organized City Move, transparency and clarity in reuse of infrastructure, to channels of communication
a three-year project with a two communications to reduce the stimulate a dynamic labour and interaction. The group
weeks Interdesign as the main uncertainty of citizens. market that promotes also suggested creating
element. It took place between innovative companies, and not a new community north of
22 March and 3 April 2009, and least to recycle unused and Vassaraträsk with residences
the main goal was to address abandoned resources such in circular blocks and round
the problem of a town suffering as buildings and mountains houses.
a slow, inevitable death. grayed by the mine.

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Group IV The group therefore proposed ICSID BOARD

to incorporate nature into the Dr. Brandon Gien, Australia,
Exit2015
President;
city. Dr. Mugendi M’Rithaa, South
Their name is inspired by the Africa, President-Elect;
deadline for the evacuation Ms. Eunjoo Maing, South Korea
Treasurer;
of Malmberget, 2015. Group VI
Ms. Luisa Bocchietto, Italy;
According to this group, the c/o Nature Mr. Tony K.M. Chang, Taiwan;
City and the residents should Ms. Vivian Wai Kwan Cheng, Hong
free themselves from the
dependence on the mine, both
physically and mentally. The
group compared their situation
The group proposed a gradual
move of the company into
several stages: in phase 1
short-term residential areas, in
Kong SAR;
Mr. Mario Gagnon, Canada;
Mr. Pierre-Yves Panis, Netherlands;
Mr. Srini Srinivasan, USA and India;
Mr. Makoto Watanabe, Japan;
2014, INDIA
to Stockholm syndrome, a
psychological state in which
phase 2 an expansion to the
safe side with the development
Mr. Ralph Wiegmann, Germany. Humanising a Metropolis
18. Lars Albinsson is a creative the victim of a kidnapping of tourist areas south of
process consultant, who worked
for companies like IKEA, Volvo develops a complicit Gällivare, In phase 3 the final
& Microsoft. He was engaged relationship with his kidnapper. relocation of housing to a safer
by LKAB for the relocation of They proposed to develop an terrain southeast of Gällivare,
the two mining cities Kiruna and entrepreneurial community of “Ådå Bájkke”. The area
Malmberget in Sweden.
young people, pioneers of the would be divided into three
new society, creating a creative areas: one for mines, one for
climate and taking advantage
of the possibilities of nature,
such as the extremes of climate
tourism and one for education
and research. Among the
suggestions: building meeting
40 Mumbai, India
5 – 19 February 2014
participants
and light. places, combining past and
future, and igloo houses that
exploit geothermal heat.
Group V
Connect
Before leaving, each group
It is the only group to have gave a final presentation to the
proposed the strengthening of residents, involved throughout
the existing centre in Gällivare. the design process. But this
The group focused on the Interdesign did not end with
connection between the Nordic a simple exhibition, as it had
lifestyle and nature, taking some real effects. In January
into account the city, history, 2010, the Swedish participant
economy and future: the close Lars Albinsson18 was appointed
relationship with the landscape to head up the project “The
is part of the identity of the New Gällivare”, an initiative to
region, visible appearance in explore the future possibilities
the dense network of grooves and aspirations of residents
that connects man to the and local businesses.
environment. The goal was to
build a stronger social structure
that would take the city into the
future, working with existing
resources and strengthening
the existing center of Gällivare, Urban planning, waste
the “heartbeat of Lapland”,
The topic management
without moving it. The link
with nature could generate
new economies that would
strengthen the region’s growth.

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19. Press release, Top global Focusing on some of the social meet, religions live together, IV. Redefining the Outdoor For the participating designer, 24. Press release, India to host next
designers showcase solutions for and infrastructural challenges and modernity and ethnicity are Experience the initiative “Humanizing Icsid Interdesign, March 3, 2013
social and infrastructural problems
in Mumbai, March 12, 2014 facing the growing city of cultivated. Over time, the city V. The Great Indian Bazar a metropolis” was a
Mumbai, the last Interdesign of Mumbai has lost its appeal; VI. Living with Rain multidisciplinary event to hand
20. S. P. Mandali’s Prin. L. N. was held in India from 5 to people no longer enjoy the out and extend professional
Welingkar Institute of Management 19 February 2014, under the outside experience.22 Each sub-theme had a skills. For the design scene, In the next pages.
Development & Research, Top left: Figure 4 -Final exhibition
also known as WeSchool, was broad theme of Humanizing a As host of the Interdesign, related sub-set of criticalities. it was a spur for later
at the WeSchool campus. Source:
established in 1977 as a part of Metropolis. WeSchool, India’s premier Teams were established to elaborations. The international https://wdo.org/programmes/
the S. P. Mandali, Pune. Keeping business school, provided look at Water, Waste, Health, presence in Matunga brought interdesign-through-the-years/
design and innovation its’ core, workshop space on two distinct Community and Commerce. by Interdesign resulted
the institute works to provide «The aim behind this workshop
campuses; one in the Matunga The workshop schedule in media attention and in Lower left: Figure 5 - Mobile and
newer avenues to students and was to try and bring about modular displays for the final
encourage them to become Global District of Mumbai, and one in reflected a typical work day the interest of Government exhibition. Source: https://wdo.org/
Citizen Leaders. transformative changes that will the IFeel campus23 in Lonavala. in Mumbai; all design teams authorities, therefore some programmes/interdesign-through-
improve the living conditions The last one is situated in a worked on average 10-12 projects have been seriously the-years/
21. Born in 1938, Prof Sudhakar
Nadkarni studied Graphic Design in Mumbai by tackling existing valley at the base of a small hours most days, with one day taken up.
Top right: Figure 6 -Final exhibition
at the Sir J J School of Applied issues through a designer’s mountain range, with clean air off. Participants visited diverse These outcomes are the at the WeSchool campus. Source:
Arts from 1954 to 1959, and
holistic and abstract approach.»19 and low population density, districts to better understand result of multiple forms of https://wdo.org/programmes/
Industrial Design at Hochschule and without the chaotic noises the challenges faced by the collaboration, cross-disciplinary interdesign-through-the-years/
für Gestaltung, Ulm, Germany from Prof Dr Uday Salunkhe, Group of the city. city. Some key issues that dialogue, and a common
1962 to 1966. Bottom right: Figure 7 -Mobile
For almost three decades, he had Director, WeSchool The Matunga District, on the emerged were drainage design process for design and modular displays for the final
been a Professor at the Industrial contrary, is an energetic and system, waste management, thinking, reflecting design exhibition. Source: https://wdo.org/
Design Center, IIT Bombay, It was sponsored by WeSchool, eclectic neighborhood. It is challenges of creating a school studies and methodologies. programmes/interdesign-through-
including 18 years as the Head Prin. L.N.Welingkar Institute the-years/
of the Center. He has been the filled with students, workers, district, socialization in the
Chairman of the ICSID Education of Management Development professionals, and homeless, subway, improving the outdoor «The needs of our society and
Committee, Asia Sub Group as and Research,20 under the within 5 km of the world’s experience, the chaotic
well being the Project leader leadership of Professor the world at large, urge us
largest slum, Dharavi. It was shopping experience, lifestyle,
for the UNDP Programme and Sudhakar Nadkarni,21 Head of a relatively quiet area as health problems etc. to see things from multiple
convener, of the National Seminar
of Design Education under the the Industrial Design Centre opposed to the rest of Mumbai. perspectives and discover the
Co-sponsorship of UNESCO and at the Indian Institute of Over time, the district changed The Interdesign Mumbai synergies among them. Taking a
UNDP. Technology. dramatically and emerged successfully concluded with cue from nature, growth of any
The Interdesign addressed as an educational centre, an exhibition at the WeSchool
some of the concerns narrated kind has to be holistic. Focusing
with social and infrastructure campus on February 18, 2014.
by the people of Mumbai. services that developed The open house prototypes on only one or two aspects
Post-independence Mumbai organically and with a reduced created by participants, about of development will factor in
is a financial capital, a percentage of open space. 25, showed how many of these deformities in the creation.
vibrant city symbol of a harsh The main challenge was to find solutions could be applied Problems, when analysed
modern life. It has a cultural innovative ways to cope with as a model in other growing
and social legacy which has from a single perspective,
the change in the urban fabric. metropolises.
seasoned over a long time; may only prompt incremental
congruent activities need to be Forty designers, half The group “Visualizing improvement. However when
addressed from the changing international and half Indian, Matunga as an Educational explored from multiple angles,
needs and new challenges. In attended this last Interdesign. Township”, for example, opportunities for radical
every cosmopolitan city, the They worked on six secondary proposed implementable
Prof Sudhakar Nadkarni
public space makes it more innovation present themselves
Source: WeSchool themes based on the pre- solutions to improve the
livable: markets, wide open research carried out by the interaction between students and that’s what fires growth
spaces, fountains, gardens, WeSchool faculty, to allow the and the community. He has in organisations, society and
22. Icsid Interdesign Mumbai 2014, street corners, food stalls
WDO: https://www.youtube.com/ city to become self-sufficient designed interactive and nations.»24
watch?v=9Mab6wef_uU and trees. In Mumbai these thanks to its resources, and experiential elements, transport
spaces bring about the social to increase citizens’ sense of initiatives to relieve traffic,
23. IFeel - Institute for Future aspect of a society mixed with Prof Dr Uday Salunkhe, Group
pride. graphic designs to establish
Education in Entrepreneurship and livelihood activities. Sometimes I. Health on the Go neighborhood boundaries, Director, WeSchool
Leadership
these spaces are undefined, II. Visualizing Matunga as an urban design projects and an
not closed and mostly Educational Township open learning laboratory within
unmappable. Here, worlds III. Zero Waste Household the community.

244 245
The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution The new millennium - Towards the fourth industrial revolution

246 247
Conclusion
Conclusion Conclusion

Conclusion
This thesis has set out to the problem, talking with
investigate ICSID’s Interdesign stakeholders and the local
programme throughout the population to come together
years, a new type of seminar to possible solutions. From
bringing together industrial the first Interdesign in Minsk
designers from around the (1971), which explored the
world to address issues such production and distribution
as climate change, urban of bread, to the last one in
transport and health care, Mumbai (2014), which sought
problems not only for the to address some of the social
host country but also with and infrastructure challenges
international importance. In the facing the growing city,
span of forty-three years ICSID, ICSID operated as a nexus 0 1 2 3 4 5
with the support of the member of national and international
organizations, has organized a associations, showing how
total of forty-four Interdesign in relationships are the foundation
twenty-six countries. of any project capable of
It was the ideal opportunity having global impacts. The
for mid-career designers to research also highlighted the
expand their knowledge, change of objectives, mentality
to forge relationships with and vision of an association
designers and other types of initially focused exclusively on
professionals from different industrial design, which with
cultures and origins. the change in the social and
The core value of Interdesign environmental situation has designers should design, and projects of social value Figure 1 - Map of all Interdesign,
is in fact linked to the point opened its doors to include expose the problems to be has generated interesting with gradations according to
the number of Interdesign that
that it allows many different professionals from every sector solved rather than the possible results, adding utility to the occurred in the same country. The
perspectives on any project. in the collaboration to solve solutions. This would give programme. The concept map considers the subdivision of
To learn to understand each the greatest challenges of our participants greater freedom of designers who educate the world at the time of Interdesign,
other, they had to work planet through design-driven of ideas and methodological themselves and at the same so the URRS and Yugoslavia are
considered as unique countries, as
together. They, therefore, innovation. choices. This intention to time produce useful work was a Germany is divided into two parts
departed from the traditional expose the problems instead valid alternative to the standard because the Interdesign occurred
teaching method from teacher But already from the first of the eventual solution, the academic seminar. there before the fall of the Berlin
to student, preferring a Interdesign in Minsk, Josine necessary product that needed But the founding motive of the Wall.
workshop mode in which the Des Cressonnières, Secretary to be designed, expanded organization of these events
participants could directly General, suggested that we be the scope of the workshops. was closely linked to the
explore the scenario of less specific about what Moreover, the setting of association, and to the

250 251
Conclusion Conclusion

promotion of industrial design, Interdesign in Minsk, there financial support prevented the guests. This gap that unites
a discipline still little known have been problems and realization of four Interdesign. personalities from all over the
internationally. Through disagreements, mainly due The cancellation of funds by world ends up repainting them
fieldwork, ICSID wanted to the encounter of strong the Mayhill Homes Corporation and hindering their immersion
to demonstrate the utility personalities and the ego of stopped preparations for the in the co-design experience.
of industrial designers in people who are very equal Interdesign 1976-77 India, With virtuality comes less
solving challenges and for the in status but with conflicting “A New Generation of Urban field work, an instrument of
development of the economy ideas. All in all, Interdesign Hardware”. The budget cuts socialisation, a practice which
of industries and governments. was a positive experience, due to the reorganization of gives a reality check to their
And by demonstrating how especially from what emerged government ministers in Mexico theories and projects.
relevant industrial design was, from the questionnaires placed in 1977 marked the end of
it promoted itself at the same at the end of each event. As Interdesign “The Business Learning, after all, takes
time. society evolved and problems of Craft Design”. Problems place at various levels, that is,
However, the excessive became increasingly complex, given by the 50% devaluation intellectually, emotionally and
focus on proving the role of the circle of invitations to the of Argentina in 1981 have practically. But this Interdesign
industrial designers from an program expanded to include influenced the organization of experience, which started as a
economical benefit point of different professions, with an Interdesign “Design for Rural way to provide post-graduate
view has often led to a focus on age range no longer limited Environment System”. The learning and deepening to
product design development, to mid-career designers. The same year UNIDO Project mid-career designers, has left
resulting in copyright issues. students, in particular the Committee decided not to a mark, and its imprint can
L. Lepoix considered the universities that sponsored the approve the funds for another be seen in every University
1971 Interdesign in Minsk an event, were invited to assist, Interdesign to be held in India course and Academic
occasion for the Russians help as interpreters and act as on a similar theme, “Design for Program designed with a
to make designers with a link with the local population. Agriculture”. multidisciplinary approach.
experience in important studies Interdesigns have thus passed An example is Politecnico
work for free, and not an from a meeting of international Another reason for the di Torino, which provides
opportunity to exchange ideas. professionals to one of inter - no longer palatability of lessons and workshops linking
At the Interdesign in Finland in and trans-disciplinary experts, Interdesign in the eyes of the innovation to a vision of the
1992, concern emerged about from a viewpoint of product/ WDO and member associations problems from a different
the implications of copyright for graphic design to a system may have been the introduction angle, with attention to the
the work being undertaken, as perspective. in 2020 of a valid alternative, humanistic components.
companies were invited to write The increasing involvement the World Design Challenges. Other examples can be found
briefs for the design work. Most of different disciplines has The two weeks of virtual in the ID program of Chicago,
of the participants assumed followed the increase in the workshops allow WDO to USA, OCAD University in
that as usual the copyright complexity of the problems bring together designers and Toronto, Canada, and the Oslo
of the concepts was owned faced, leading designers to be professionals from all over School of Architecture and
by the designer, protected no longer deus-ex-machina, the world at a much lower Design (AHO) program in Oslo,
by the copyright law of each but participants in a wider cost. This, however, can only Norway. But the list goes on,
country. But ICSID’s copyright collaborative project team create less felt relationships as new courses increasingly
guidelines were still vague. It comprising local citizens and between participants and a open to the interaction between
was then decided that if the stakeholders. But all this had less immersive experience in disciplines, and providing a
corporate member wished a cost, particularly high for the context of the challenge type of teaching that is not
to develop any of the results sponsors and organizers. and the community. They allow exclusively top-down, from
for commercial production, bringing together designers teacher to student, are being
negotiation with the group was These organizations had to and professionals from all over started in several universities
necessary. cover room and board for the world at a much lower cost. and schools around the world.
This aspect showed how the each participant, the cost of This, however, can only create To conclude, and to show how
pride and ego of designers, transportation, food and the less felt relationships between much a program of this type
who wanted to use the share of distinguished guests participants and a less can range across fields and
opportunity of Interdesign invited to attend. This could immersive experience in the disciplines that are distant from
to get noticed, sometimes be one of the main reasons context of the challenge and each other, there is a scheme
exceeded the social utility of why since 2014 the WDO has the community. Participants that connects the main topics
working together for a common not carried out the Interdesign stand behind a screen, as well covered in just over forty years
purpose. Already from the first program. Surely the lack of as stakeholders and of Interdesign.

252 253
Conclusion Conclusion

Sustainable Design
Education

Graphics
Industrial designer
profession Alternative energy
COMPLEXITY Vaccine preservation
system
Medical facilities

Health
Local identity Industry
Inclusiveness Ergonomics
Lighting Carpentry
Environment SMEs Packaging
Furniture Textiles
Economy Vehicle
Furniture Food industry
design
Workplaces
Toys Stone Packaging
Automation
Systems
Wood Governance
Accessibility Playgrounds
Product design Crafts

Street furniture Fur

Forestry Tourism Attractions Souvenirs
Quality of life Employment
Services Urban planning
Built environment
Work & leisure
Sports Interior design
Migration plan Sustainable
housing Clothes
Resource
Exhibit
management Nature Marketing Interior design

Recycling system
Supply systems

Cultivation of
Water
Business model

Wine
Local identity
TOPICS Waste
management

Community development
Animal-drawn carriages

Children’s seats
desert areas Water park Cultural identity
Transport
Hygiene Sanitization
Educational kits Roads
Safety Graphic sign systems
Rainwater
Hydropower Traffic

Data collection Interactive objects Communication

Interaction Audiovisual Network

254 255
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