The Victorian Period (1832-1901) ii.

Ulysses (BDwjwmm, wMÖK exi)

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ - iii. Lotus Eaters (cÙ †Lu‡Kv)

01. The Victorian age is named after Queen iv. Locksley Hall
Victoria in 19th century. Queen Victoria Gi v. Tithonus (wU‡_vbvm)
bvgvbymv‡i Victorian Period Gi bvgKiY Kiv nq| wZwb →Eos/Aurora
1837 †_‡K 1901 ch©šÍ Bsj¨vÛ kvmb K‡ib|
vi. Morte D Arthur (Ògi‡U wW Av_©viÓ) (GB KweZvq
02. This period is called “The golden age of novel.” Excaliber Zievwii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|)
G hyM‡K Dcb¨v‡mi ¯^Y©hyM ejv nq|
vii. In Memorium (ÒBb †g‡gvwiqvgÓ) (eÜz Av_©vi n¨vjv‡gi
03. Victorian hy‡Mi 1848 mvj †_‡K 1860 mvj ch©šÍ mgq‡K g„Zz¨‡Z wjLv elegy)
ejv nq Age of the pre-Raphaelites. → This elegy explores Tennyson's grief over the death
04. Victorian hy‡Mi 1880 †_‡K 1901 mvj ch©šÍ mgq‡K ejv of his best college friend Arthur Henry Hallam who
nq Age of Decadence. later became his sister's fiancé.

05. G hy‡Mi 1833 mv‡j Fabian Society cÖwZwôZ nq| George viii. English Idyll
Bernard Shaw GB †mvmvBwUi GKRb m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
06. Robert Browning „Dramatic Monologue‟ Gi ix. The Charge of the Light Brigade.
gva¨‡g Victorian hy‡Mi KweZv‡K D”Pgv‡M© wb‡q wM‡q‡Qb|
x. Clarible : A Melody
07. Victorian Period Gi 3 Rb cÖavb Kwe- (42nd BCS)
i. Alfred Tennyson. xi. Mariana
ii. Mathew Arnold.
iii. Robert Browning
08. Victorian Period Gi me‡P‡q weL¨vZ Novelist Gi bvg 1. Alfred Lord Tennyson:
Quotations Source
Charles Dickens. [36th BCS]
Half a league, half a league Charge of the
Half a league onward Light Brigade
Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)
All in the valley of Death
i. He was a representative poet of the Victorian Rode the six hundred”. [ 29th BCS]
Age. Tis better to have loved and lost than In Memoriam
never to have loved at all.
ii. He was a Lyric poet of the Victorian Age. The old order changeth, yielding Morte d‟
iii. He became the Poet Laureate\ Court Poet of place to new, And God fulfils Arthur
Himself in many ways. [40th BCS]
England in 1850 after the death of William
Made weak by time and fate, but Ulysses
Wordsworth. strong in will To strive, to seek, to
find, and not to yield' [41st BCS]
Famous Poems of Tennyson : Dreams are true while they last, and
i. Death of Oenone (Ò‡W_ Ae B‡bvbxÓ Zvui GKwU e„nr do we not live in dreams.?
Kve¨|) The happiness of a man in this life
Characters: Paris, [Hera, Athena, Aphrodite= does not consist in the absence but in
three goddesses], Helen the mastery of his passions.

English (15+16) Page  2

Knowledge comes, but wisdom Quotations Source
lingers.
Words ,like nature, half reveal and Poetry is a criticism of life.
half conceal the soul within.
Culture is to know the best that has
He makes no friends who never made been said and thought in the world.
a foe.
A lie which is half a truth is ever the Journalism is literature in a hurry.
blackest of lies.
Other Qoutations: The freethinking of one age is the
i. Sorrows are the best educator. common sense of the next.
ii. Knowledge comes but wisdom lingers.
The love of liberty is simply the
iii. If death is the end of life why should all the labor
instinct in man for expansion.
be.

Mathew Arnold (1822-1868)

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ - Robert Browning (1812-1889)
1. Mathew Arnold wQ‡jb Victorian hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg GKRb i. Robert Browning was a famous Victorian Poet.
Robert Browning n‡jb wf‡±vwiqvb hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg Avi
†kÖô Poet (Kwe) I Critic (mgv‡jvPK)| GKRb weL¨vZ †jLK| (37th & 11th BCS)
2. Mathew Arnold was called Elegiac poet. ii. He was famous for his Dramatic Monologue
because he was the innovator of dramatic
3. wZwb Oxford University ‡Z 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ A monologue / the father of dramatic monologue.
Professor of Poetry wn‡m‡e wbhy³ n‡qwQ‡jb hv
cieZx©‡Z Av‡iv 5 eQi e„w× Kiv nq| iii. He wife‟s name was Elizabet Barret Browning.
She was also a poet.
4. His literary criticism ev mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvg~jK weL¨vZ
MÖš’ n‡jv "The Study of Poetry". vi. Browning e‡jwQ‡jb “Italy was my university”.
Famous Elegies: v. Browning Gi Men and Women eBwU Blank Verse
1. Rugby Chapel (evevi g„Zz¨‡Z iwPZ Zvui Elegy) I Dramatic Monologue Gi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
2. Thyrsis (eÜz Arthur Clough Gi g„Zz¨‡Z iwPZ Zvui
Browning Gi weL¨vZ KweZv¸‡jv n‡jv:
Elegy) 01. “My last Duchess” [gvB jv÷ Wv‡Pm]
3. Howarth‟s Churchard (Charlotte Bronte-Gi g„Zz¨‡Z 02. “The Last Ride Together” [`¨v jv÷ ivBW Uz‡M`vi]
iwPZ Zvui Elegy) 03. “A Grammarian‟s Funeral”
04. “Andrea Del Sarto” [Av‡›`ªqv †Wj mvi‡Uv] [17th BCS]
4. Heine‟s Grave (fvB Hein Gi g„Zz¨‡Z iwPZ Zvui Elegy)
05. “One Word More”
06. “Rabbi Ben Ezra” [ivweŸ web BRiv]
Famous Poems : 07. “Porphyria‟s Love” [‡cviwdwiqvm jvf]
01. Dover Beach
08. “Fra Lippo Lippi” [d«v wj‡cv wjwc]
02. The Scholar Gipsy
03. The Forsaken Merman 09. “Two In the Campagna”
04. Sohrab and Rustom 10. “Love Among The Ruins”

English (15+16) Page  3

11. “The Pied Piper of Hamelin” [`¨v cvBW cvBcvi Ae of being and ideal grace. How Do I
†ngwjb] Love Thee?
ii. I love thee with a love I seemed to (sonnet 43,
12. The Patriot (about politician) lose With my lost saints. I love thee
1845)
with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my
Plays \ Dramas: life; and, if God choose, I shall but love
i. The Return of Durses thee better after death.
ii. Colombe‟s Birthday
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
Quotations Source
Grow old with me! The best is yet to be. i. Charles Dickens was the greatest novelist in the
Take away love and our earth is a tomb. Victorian period. Pvj©m wW‡Kbm, wf‡±vwiqvb wcwiq‡Wi
Measure your mind‟s height by the shade me‡P‡q cÖwZfvevb Ges RbwcÖq Jcb¨vwmK|
it casts. ii. Charles Dickens belongs to Victorian Period
Ignorance is not innocence but sin. (1832-1901). (36th BCS)
So absolutely good is truth,
Truth never hurts the teller. iii. Charles Dickens Gi cÖvq cÖwZwU Dcb¨v‡m London
kn‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
→ London Town is found living being in the works
of Charles Dickens. (36th BCS)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
(6 March 1806- 29 June 1861)
iv. His pen name was Boz.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning was one of the most
prominent English poets of Victorian ear. Her Famous Novels: cÖvq KzwoLvbv Dcb¨vm iPbv Ki‡Qb :
poetry was widely popular in both Britain and the
United States during her lifetime. She is i. Great Expectations (‡MÖU G·‡cK‡Ukb) Zvi iwPZ
remembered for such poems as “How do I love thee? me‡P‡q RbwcÖq Dcb¨vm|
[Sonnet 43, 1845].
→ This novel tells the story of an orphan named Philip
How do I love thee? [Sonnet 43, 1845] Pirrip (nicknamed Pip) who narrates the story of his life
It is a sonnet by the 19th-century poet Elizabeth Barrett from childhood .
Browning. It is her most famous and best-loved poem,
the poem is traditionally interpreted as a love sonnet Characters:
from Elizabeth Barrett Browning to her husband, the Philip "Pip" Pirrip: a seven-year-old orphan\
poet Robert Browning, protagonist of this novel. [ 41st BCS]
Miss Havisham: a wealthy and reclusive spinster
Theme: In “How Do I Love Thee?” true love is depicted Estella: Miss Havisham‟s dopted daughter whom pip
as long-lasting and even eternal. The speaker asks how loved.
she loves her beloved and tries to list the different ways
in which she loves him. Her love seems to be eternal and
to exist everywhere, and she intends to continue loving ii. The Adventures of Oliver Twist [`¨v GW‡fbPvi Ae
him after her own death, if God lets her Awjfvi UzB÷]
→ (GKwU evj‡Ki `ywe©ln Rxeb Kvwnbx)
Quotations Source
iii. The Old Curiosity Shop [`¨v Iì wKDwiwmwU mc]
i. How do I love thee? Let me count
the ways. I love thee to the depth and iv. David Copperfield [‡WwfW Kcviwdì] [36th & 29th
breadth and height My soul can reach, BCS]
when feeling out of sight For the ends → autobiographical novel

English (15+16) Page  4

 “Charity begins at home and justice Great
v. A Tale of Two cities {ÒAv †UBj Ae Uz wmwUmÓ}
begins next door” Expectations
[1859]
→ GB Dcb¨vmwU wjLv n‡q‡Q †h `ywU kn‡ii Kvwnbx wb‡q †m¸‡jvi No one is useless in this world who
bvg n‡”Q jÛb Ges c¨vwim; divwm wecø‡ei †cÖwÿ‡Z †jLv| lightens the burden of it to anyone
→ A Tale of Two cities’ refers to London & else.
Paris. [45th & 36th BCS]
→ the background of this novel is French Revolution. The pain of parting is nothing to
The novel tells the stories of two connected families the joy of meeting again.
in 18th-century London and Paris. A lover heart is the truest wisdom.

Characters: If there were no bad people, there

Doctor Manette would be no good lawyers.
Lucie Manette
Monsieur Defarge
Mr. Jarvis Lorry [uncle] William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863)
Charles Darnay
Brief History : He (1811-1863) was an English
Mr. Stryver [lawyer]
Sydney Carton
novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his
satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a
panoramic portriat of English society.
vi. The Pickwick Papers (1812-1870)
vii. A Christmas Carol (Òwµ÷gvm K¨v‡ivjÓ) His well-known works :
→ It is a short novel \ novella [39th BCS] 1. Catherine
2. A Shabby Genteel Sotry
viii. Hard Times (ÒnvW© UvBgmÓ)
3. Vanity Fair (novel) [41st BCS]
ix. The Bleak House (Òw` weøK nvDmÓ) → Man‟s sinful attachment to wordly things.
4. Pendennis
Quotations Source 5. Men‟s Wives
It was the best of times, it was the A Tale of Two
6. The Newcomers
worst of times, it was the age of Cities 7. The Rose and the Ring
wisdom, it was the age of 8. The Virginians
foolishness, it was the epoch of
belief, it was the epoch of Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)
incredulity, it was the season of
wZb †evb, hviv weL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K wQ‡jb :
Light, it was the season of 1. Charlotte Bronte
Darkness, it was the spring of 2. Emily Bronte
hope, it was the winter of despair. 3. Ammey Bronte
Whether I shall turn out to be the David ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ -
hero of my own life, or whether Copperfield i. Victorian hy‡Mi GKRb weL¨vZ gwnjv Dcb¨vwmK n‡jb
that station will be held by Charlotte Bronte.
anybody else, these pages must
show.

English (15+16) Page  5

ii. Charlotte Bronte Gi Pen Name n‡”Q Currer Bell 05. Felix Holt, the Radical (1866)
Ges GB bv‡gB wZwb Zvui AvZ¥‣RewbK Dcb¨vm Jane Eyre 06. Middlemarch (1871-72)
cÖKvk K‡ib| 07. Danie Deronda (1876)
iii. Jane Eyre Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Pwiθ‡jv n‡jv- 08. The Spanish Gupsy
Jane Eyre, Rochester. →It is never too late to be what you might have
been.
Novels :
i. Jane Eyre [43rd BCS]
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
ii. Villette
iii. Shirley ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ -
iv. The Professor (written before Jane Eyre, Her
first novel: The Professor) 1. Thomas Hardy wQ‡jb Victorian hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg GKRb
†kÖô/weL¨vZ Jcb¨vwmK, Kwe I †QvUMíKvi|
2. wZwb Swinburn, Browning I Darwin G‡`i †jLv Øviv
Emily Bronte (1818-1848)
cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
Emily Bronte Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib 1818 mv‡j Ges g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib
1848 mv‡j| Zvi gv‡b, wZwb gvÎ wÎk eQi RxweZ wQ‡jb| G Famous Novels:
mswÿß mg‡q wZwb Zvui GKgvÎ Dcb¨vmwU iPbv K‡ib| bvg 01. Tess of the D‟Urbervilles (1891) [‡Um Ae `¨v
Wutering Heights| wZwb 1848 mv‡j g„Zz¨i gvÎ GK eQi wWÕAvievievBjm]
Av‡M GwU iPbv K‡ib| → GB Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Pwiθ‡jv n‡jv- Tess, Alec, Sorrow
etc.
→ GB Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU weL¨vZ jvBb n‡jv- The greater the
Wutering Heights: this is a story of revenge. sinner, the greater the saint. [hZ eo cvcx, ZZ eo mbϬvmx]
Heathcliff was the Protagonist/central character of this
novel. [ 40th BCS] 02. A Pair of Blue Eyes.
03. The Trumpet Major.
04. Jude the Obscure, [1895] [RyW `¨v AemwKDi]
George Eliot 05. The Return of the Native [1878] [36th BCS]
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ - → GB Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Pwiθ‡jv n‡jv-
Clym Yeobright (protagonist), Eustacia Vye [45th
i. George Eliot n‡jb Victorian hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg Avi GKRb BCS]
weL¨vZ gwnjv Jcb¨vwmK| 19th century novelist.
ii. Zvui Real Name n‡jv Mary Ann Evans. 06. The Mayour of Caster bridge (1886)

iii. Zvui Pen Name n‡jv -George Eliot. Other major works are-
Zvui weL¨vZ Novels n‡jv : 01. The Poor Man and the lady. [1867] [It was not
01. Adam Bede (1859) published and later, he destroyed the manuscript]
02. The Mill on the Floss (1860) 02. Desperate Remedies (1872)
03. Silas Marner (1861) [Zvui weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm]
03. Under the Greenwood Tree (1872)
→ Silas Marner Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡iKwU bvg n‡jv- The 04. Far from the Madding Crowd [1874] [dvi d«g `¨v
Weaver of Raveloe. †gwWs µvDW]
→ Silas Marner Dcb¨v‡mi Pwiθ‡jv n‡jv- Silas Marner,  GQvovI Zvui weL¨vZ GKwU †QvU KweZv n‡jv- “In time of
Eppie, William Dane etc. the Breaking of Nations”.
04. Romola (1863)
English (15+16) Page  6
 Edward Fitzgerald 02. wZwb United Kingdom Parliament-Gi m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
He translated the „Rubaiyat of Omar 03. wZwb Òe¨w³ ¯^vZš¿ev‡`iÓ (Indivisualism) g~j cÖe³v|
Khayyam’ into English. [40th BCS] 04. Zvui weL¨vZ AvwU©‡Kj (Article) n‡jv Essay on
Economics and Society. (1967)

Herman Melville Books :

01. System of Logic.
Herman Melville was a famous novelist, short 02. Theory of Liberty.
story writer and poet of American Renaissance 03. Colonialism.
Period. 04. Slavery.
05. Women‟s rights.
Works: 06. Utilitarianism (Dc‡hvMev`)
1. Moby Dick’ or The Whale [His best Novel] 07. Economic philosophy.
[43rd BCS]
→ The story of „Moby Dick‟ centers on a
whale. [ 44th BCS]
Charles Robert Darwin
Characters: 01. An English naturalist.
Ishmael, the narrator of Moby Dick
Captain Ahab: 02. He is the Father of theory of the Evolution.
2. White Jacket
Famous Books :
Mark Twain i. The Origin of Species.
Real Name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens. ii. The Origin of Life and Earth.
Pen Nmae: Mark Twain iii. The Decent of Man.
He was an American writer\author and
Humorist. Karl Marks (1818-1883)
01. mgvRZ‡š¿i cÖe³v (The father of Socialism) Kvj gv·©
Books: 1818 mv‡j Rvgv©vwb‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer `vk©wbK, A_©bxwZwe`, mgvRZš¿we` I mvsevw`K|
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. [novel]
02. wZwb ¯’vqxfv‡e England G emevm K‡i‡Qb Ges †mLv‡bB
Qoute: 64 eQi eq‡m g„Zz¨eiY K‡i‡Qb|
A classic is a book which people praise and don‟t 03. Zvi weL¨vZ w_Iwi Marxism hv mgvR, A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZ
read. GB wZ‡bi mgš^‡q •Zwi| Zvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w_Iwi ev ZË¡mg~n n‡jv
Value, Surplus value, commodity.
Guy de Maupassant
04. wZwb Class struggle ev †kÖwYmsMÖvg Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v|
He was a famous French short story writer.
Notable works :
Famous short story : 01. Zvui iwPZ weL¨vZ MÖš’ Das Capital (MÖš’wU mgvRZ‡š¿i
The Diamond Necklace. [40th BCS] evB‡ej bv‡g cwiwPZ|)
02. The Communist Manifesto
John Stuart Mill
01. John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, Edgar Allan Poe: (1809 - 1849)
political economist and civil servant.

English (15+16) Page  7

 gvwK©b Kwe, m¤úv`K, †QvU MíKvi Ges hy³iv‡ó« †ivgvÝ O Captain! My Captain! GB KweZvwU wZwb Aveªvnvg
Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg †bZv| wjsK‡bi g„Zz¨‡Z cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| †h‡nZz wZwb MYZ‡š¿i Kwe
 Father of English Short-story (†QvUMí) wQ‡jb ZvB ¯^fveZB Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi GKRb AÜ f³
 Modern Detective Story wQ‡jb| wcÖq †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui g„Zz¨‡Z wZwb †kvKvnZ wQ‡jb
Edgar Allan Poe's only novel: Mfxifv‡e|
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
(a classic adventure story with supernaturalism) 03. Drum-Taps (1865)
04. Memoranda during the War
Famous poem:
05. Specimen Days
To Helen
06. Democratic Vistas (1871)
Famous short stories:
(i) The Black Cat Zvui D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KweZv¸‡jv n‡jv-
(ii) The Oval Portrait 01. A passage to India.
(iii) The Tell Tale Heart
(iv) The Gold Bug 02. Crossing Brooklyn Ferry GB KweZvwU‡Z wZwb AZxZ,
(v) The Light House eZ©gvb Ges fwel¨r‡K PgrKvifv‡e GKm~‡Î Ave×
K‡iwQ‡jb|
Oscar Wilde
01. Oscar Wilde was an Irish writer and poet. Alexander Dumas
A¯‹vi IqvBì (A‡±vei 16, 1854-b‡f¤^i 30, 1900) He was a French Novelist.
wQ‡jb GKRb Avqvij¨vÛxq bvU¨Kvi, Jcb¨vwmK Ges Kwe|
03. After writing in different forms throughout the His wellknown works:
1880s, he became one of London‟s most popular 1. The Count of Monte Cristo
playwrights in the early 1890s. 2. The Three Musketeers.
3. Twenty Years After
04. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, his 4. Man in the Iron Mask
novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray”.
Gladstone
Walt Whitman [1819-1892] Titles: Grand Old Man of Britain.
American National Poet.
Iqvë ûBUg¨vb hy³iv‡óªi js AvBj¨v‡Ûi GKwU Mwie cwiev‡i Famous Qoutation:
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| `vwi`ª¨Zv •kk‡e wZwb nv‡i nv‡i †Ui †c‡qwQ‡jb| “Justice delayed is justice denied, Justice hurried is
justice buried.”
Zv‡K ejv nq MYZ‡š¿i Kwe| gvby‡li AwaKv‡ii e¨vcv‡i wZwb
wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ m‡PZb| Zvi m¤^‡Ü ejv nq- If he had any love,
it was America-the America of his dreams. Leo Tolostoy
→ He was the Poet of world democracy.
He was a Russian writer who primarily wrote
wb‡¤œ Zvui mvwnZ¨Kg©¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv- novels and short stories. Later in life, he also
01. Franklin Evans (1842) wrote plays and essays.
02. Leaves of Grass (1855)
Works:
→ GB weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i GKwU weL¨vZ KweZv n‡jv- 1. War and Peace [novel]
2. Anna Karenina [novel]

English (15+16) Page  8

3. A Confession considered milestones in the field of crime
fiction.

Maxim Gorky Works:

He was a Russian Writer. Sherlock Holmes (novel)
The Lost World (novel)
Novels:
Mother Robert Louis Stevenson
My Childhood
Works:
Treasure Island. (novel)
Victor Hugo Kidnapped. (novel)
An Inland Voyage. (Essay)
He was a French Writer.
Novels:
Les Miserable
The Hunchback of Notre Dame [first novel]
Ninety-three

Poems:
Autumn Leaves
Songs of the Twilight
Inner Voice
Rays and Shadows

Fyodor Dostoyevsky
He was a Russian Writer.

Famous Novels:
Crime and Punishment
→ Theme: Crime never goes without punishment.
The Idiot
The Eternal
The House of the Dead

Sir Richard Francis Burton

= Richard F. Burton
Folk Tales:
The Book of the Thousand Nights and A Night
The Arabian Nights.

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle

He was a Scottish physician and writer who is
most noted for his fictional stories about the
detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally

English (15+16) Page  9