LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION - Graciano Lopez Jaena: The greatest

Republic Act 1425 “Rizal Law” orator of the propaganda movement.

- Rededicate the ideas of freedom and - (B) A person of distinguished
nationalism for which the heroes live and valor/enterprise in danger
die. - Esteban A. De Ocampo
- To honor Dr. Jose Rizal - Claims that no Filipino has
- To be a constant and inspiring source of yet been born who can equal
patriotism. or surpass Rizal as a
- Filed: April 3, 1956 (Senate Bill No. 438) “Person of Distinguished
- Discussed: April 12, 1956 Valor/Enterprise, Fortitude in
- First Debate: April 23, 1956 Suffering”.
- Passed: May 17, 1956 - (C) A man honored after death by public
- Enacted: June 12, 1956 (Independence Day worship because of exceptional service to
signed by Ramon Magsaysay) mankind
- Supported by: - Even before his execution. Both
- Sen. Jose P. Laurel Filipinos and Foreigners already
- Sen. Claro M. Recto (Submit SB. acclaimed Rizal as the foremost
438 ) leader of his people.
- Sen. Mariano J. Cuenco
- Sen. Francisco Rodrigo - Rizal was elected in Barcelona and Madrid
- Sen. Decoroso Rosales as honorary president of La Solidaridad.
- On April 19, 1956, Congressman Jacobo Z. - Rizal was the founder and moving spirit in
Gonzales introduced House Bill No. 5561 the founding of La Liga Filipina in Manila on
July 3, 1892
Criteria for Choosing Heroes - President Aguinaldo issued the first official
- Filipino proclamation making December 30 as
- Love for the Country “Rizal Day” on December 20, 1898 (Death
- Calm of Rizal)
- Dead - Act No. 157
- Organized the politico-military district
Note: of Moring into the Province of Rizal.
Governor William Howard Taft chose Rizal - It is the first step taken by the Taft
to be the National Hero as a strategy. Commission to honor our greatest
hero and martyr
Rizal became a National Hero because he - Executive Order No. 75
passed the criteria by being a National Hero during - March 28, 1993, President Fidel V.
the American Period Ramos issued an article entitled
“Creating the National Heroes
Propaganda Movement Committee Under the Office of the
- Peaceful crusade or campaign reform using President”.
pen and tongue to pressure. - Nominated
- They are organized and participated by - Jose Rizal
Illustrados. - Andres Bonifacio
- (A) Prominent or central personage taking - Emilio Aguinaldo
an admirable part in action/event - Apolinario Mabini
- Jose Rizal: Physician – Novelist - Marcelo H. Del Pilar
many splendid genius - Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Lawyer and - Juan Luna
Journalist - Melchora Aquino
 - Gabriela Silang - Belonged to Religious orders
LESSON 2 - The main task was to spread
Major Social Dissonance Christianity
- Secular Priest
- Were trained specifically to run the
parishes and were under the
supervision of the bishops.

The Frailocracy
- Unique form of government in Hispanic
Philippines.
- Church and State are on
- Government by friars “rule of friars”
- Friars can send a patriotic Filipino to jail/
denounce him as a filibuster (traitor).
Insulares are also called creoles
The 19th Century as Rizal’s Context
The Polo and Bandala - 19th Century
- Forced labor without compensation - Birth of modernity
- Filipino farmers are obligated to sell their - Part of the Revolution (American
products to the government at a minimum and French Revolutions in the late
price. 18th and early 19th century)
- Imposed on Filipino men aged 16-60 yrs old - Spanish closed all ports going to Manila
- 40 days required work except Acapulco Mexico
- Two ways can be exempted - Birth of the Manila-Acapulco Trade known
- Pay a fine (falla) as the Galleon Trade
- Work until the debt was paid - Spain became a mercantilist superpower
- Unpaid debt would be - Galleon trade was closed then the
passed on to the next Philippines became open to world
generations. commerce.
- Cash crop agriculture: grow crops to supply
The Encomienda System other countries.
- Trustee - Rich natives became tenants known as
- Leaders of the Indigenous community paid Inquilinos
tribute to colonists with food, cloth, and - Inquilinos rent a space from friars
minerals, or by providing laborers. then they rent it to Indigenous
farmers.
Lack of Women's Rights - Mercado family is Inquilinos.
- Filipino women were discriminated against - Suez Canal: Trade became faster and safer
not only based on their gender but also on - Rizal’s father and mother are both wealthy.
class, religion, and ethnicity - Illustrados: Group of educated natives who
sought freedom and independence from
Wars in Mindanao Spanish rule.
- Moro Wars - Spaniards justified their oppressive action
- Armed encounter with the Muslims and through catholicism
military expedition to Mindanao and Borneo

The Secularization
- Regular Priest
GomBurZa LESSON 3
- Father Pedro Sebastian Pelaez: Pioneer of Childhood
Secularization - Lies about Rizal
- Hermano Pule: Inspiration of Father Pelaez - Ambeth Ocampo said that Rizal
- Mariano Gomes: From Manila the oldest didn’t write “Sa aking mga
- Jacinto Zamora: From Manila the middle Kababata” when he was 8 years old
- Jose Burgos: Has 7 degrees; the youngest; - Rizal didn’t invent the champurrado
teacher of Paciano (Rizal’s Brother); holds - Rizal’s story of “Ang Tsinelas”
Manila Cathedral. - Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso
- Rizal dedicate his works to GomBurZa Realonda
- Born on June 19, 1861, lakeshore town of
Calamba Laguna
- The name honored two Saints
- St. Joseph or San Jose
- St. Gervacio Protacio

Family
Rizal’s Love Story
- Segunda Katigbak
- Was his first love when he was 14
years old
- Leonor Rivera
- Rizal’s cousin
- Was his great love and their
relationship lasted for 11 years
- He has a relationship with Leonor - Claveria Decree: Mandated by
Rivera and Leonor Valuenzela Governor-General Narciso Claveria that
- When Rizal went to Madrid, they Filipinos must adopt surnames to facilitate
didn’t receive the letter they wrote to census work and tax collection.
each other. - Rizal’s nickname ‘Pepe’ is from St. Joseph
- Married to Charles Henry Porter and stands for “pater putativus” which
- She died on August 28, 1893, at the means “putative father”
age of 26 after she gave birth to her
second child.
- Consuelo Ortiga
- O-Sei San
- Gertrude Beckette
- Nelly Boustead
- A love triangle with Antonio Luna
- Suzanne Jacoby
- Josephine Bracken
- Lived together with Rizal in Dapitan
- Had a son but eventually died
because of prematurity
- Saturnina (1850-1913)
- After the death of Rizal, she married
- Neneng
Vicente Abad
- Oldest
- They allegedly said that Rizal and
- Married to Manuel T. Hidalgo
Josephine were married but there is
- Had 5 children
no proof of their marriage.
- Paciano (1851-1930) - Francisco Mercado Rizal
- Lolo Ciano - Born on May 11, 1818 in Binan
- Older and only brother Laguna
- Joined the Philippine Revolution - Studied Latin and Philosophy at the
- Had 2 children with his mistress, College of San Jose in Manila
Severina Decena - His father, Juan Mercado became
- Narcisa (1852-1939) gobernadorcillo 3 times in Binan
- Sisa (1808, 1813, 1823)
- Found the unmarked grave of her - His grandfather, Francisco Mercado
brother in Old Paco Cemetery also became gobernadorcillo in 1783
- Married to Antonio Lopez - Don Francisco or Don Cico
- Olimpia (1855-1887) - Became kabesa de barangay or
- Ypia head of community
- Married Silvestre Ubaldo - Teodora Alonso Reolanda
- Died from childbirth - Her family was a principalia or
- Lucia (1857-1919) educated upper class in the town.
- Married Mariano Herbosa - Her grandfather Cipriano Alonso
- Had 5 children became gobernadorcillo in 1790 and
- Maria (1859-1945) 1802
- Biang - Her father also became
- Married Daniel Faustino Cruz gobernadorcillo in 1844
- Had 5 children and one of those
became a student of Jose Rizal in Early Education
Dapitan - Uncle Alberto Jose
- Recipient of many of Jose’s letters - Nurtured Rizal with the beauty of
during his lifetime nature and arts.
- Jose (1861-1896) - Uncle Gregorio
- Pepe - Encourage Rizal to think critically
- Concepcion (1862-1865) and observe.
- Concha - Uncle Manuel
- Died of sickness at the age of 3 - Nurtured Rizal in physical education
- Josefa (1865-1945) and sports
- Panggo - Leon Monroy
- Unmarried and lived with her - Former tutor of Rizal but eventually
younger sister Trinidad until her died after 5 months
death. - Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
- Said to have suffered from epilepsy - Rizal went to Binan to study Latin
- Trinidad (1868-1951) and Spanish with Paciano
- Trining - Rizal experienced physical and
- Unmarried and lived with Josefa verbal bullying in Binan
- Received and secretly hid the “Last - Rizal's mother was arrested and forced to
Farewell” known as “Mi Ultimo walk 50km as a punishment for her since
Adios” poem of Rizal that he wrote they allegedly said that she poisoned her
on the eve of his death in 1896 sister-in-law.
- Soledad (1870-1929)
- Choleng
- Youngest
- Married Pantaleon Quintero
- Had 5 children
Higher Education 2. Ang Pagsakay: Imno sa
- June 1872 hukbo ng mga
- 4 months after 3 martyrs died and Pandigmang-dagat ni
his mother was still in jail. Magallanes (tribute to
- Rizal passed the entrance exam in Magellan)
the College of San Juan de Letran. 3. Ang Paghahamok: Si
- Rizal's father decided that he should Urbiztondo and Kilabot ng
study at Ateneo instead. Jolo (Hail the successful
- 1st Year Ateneo (1872-1873) battle against Muslims)
- He enrolled in Bachiller en Artes at - Received 5 medals in his 4th year in
Ateneo. Ateneo
- Two Empire - 5th Year Ateneo (1976-1977)
- Roman Empire: Students - Graduated with a degree of Bachelor
lived in the university of Arts.
- Carthaginian Empire: - He learned in Ateneo the importance
Students lived outside the of education and he compared as
university guiding lighthouse
- Ranks: - Enrolled in the University of Sto. Tomas
- Emperor - Forbade by his mother to study
- Tribute - Courses
- Decurion - Philosophy and Letter
- Centurion - Surveying
- Standard-Bearer - Medicine (shifted courses
- He became Emperor in the since his mother has
Carthaginian empire in a short time cataracts and was partially
but eventually became a second blinded at that time)
rank at the end of the school year - He finished surveying at the age of
- 2nd Year Ateneo (1873-1874) 17 but he received the license at the
- He became emperor of his empire age of 21 because he was underage
- “The Count of Monte Cristo” is his before.
favorite book about a man unjustly - He wrote the poem “Sa Kabataang
incarcerated and escapes to seek Pilipino” for a literary competition
revenge. and he won.
- “Travels in the Philippines” by Dr. - “Ang kabataan ang pag asa
Feodor Jagor, who criticized the ng bayan”
Spanish regime. - He’s active in a protest inside the
- 3rd Year Ateneo (1874-1875) school to stand for the discrimination
- His mother was freed from jail. they experience in the university and
- 4th Year Ateneo (1875-1876) he physically goes against the other
- Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanches is students there.
Rizal’s favorite teacher.
- He came to the Roman empire after Life Abroad
he started to live in the school. - May 3, 1882: Rizal secretly left the
- He starts writing the story in the Philippines aboard the SS Salvadora. Only
Spanish language. his brother Paciano, two sisters, and a few
1. Ang Unang Nakaligid sa close friends knew about his departure.
Daigdig at Kastilang si - He goes abroad to continue his study
Elcano (tribute to Spanish
seaman)
 Barcelona - He worked as an assistant to DR. Louis de
- After 1 and a half months of travel, he finally Wecker.
arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882. - At this time, Noli me Tangere had already
written in half.
Madrid
- He used the name “Laong Laan” as a Germany
fictitious name for his works in Madrid. - In 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg and
- August 20, 1882, his work was published “El worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Beker
Amor Patrio” in English “Love of Country”. - He met Blumentritt, a person who liked the
- After the essay, he stopped writing about Philippines yet didn’t come to the
the Philippines because Spanish officials Philippines.
became alert. - He quickly learned the German language
- November 3, 1882 and started to translate some works into
- Universidad Central de Madrid Tagalog.
- Medicine
- Philosophy and Letters Berlin
- Academy of San Carlos - Every morning he worked as an assistant to
- Painting Dr. Schweigger.
- Sculpture - Every evening he attended classes at the
- Academia de Bellas Artes de San University of Berlin
Fernando - He wanted to publish the Noli Me Tangere
- Drawing because he was sick, sad, and penniless.
- He joined the Circulo Hispano - - Maximo Viola lends 300Php Rizal to publish
Filipino, an organization that the Noli Me Tangere.
discusses political issues and voices - 2000 copies of Noli Me Tangere were
out the concerns of Filipinos. produced in 1887.
- Jose Rizal
- Juan Luna Propaganda Movement
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar - A reform and national consciousness
- Graciano Lopez Jaena movement among young Filipinos in the
- He had a difficult time financially during his 19th century
stay in Madrid because their family's - Graciano Lopez Jaena was the first editor of
financial status decreased. La Solidaridad and Marcelo H. Delpilar took
- He skipped meals and bath over in late 1889.
- June 25, 1884, he attended a banquet in
Madrid to celebrate the success of the Philippines
Filipino painters, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo, - In August 1887 he came back to the
and Exposicion Artes. Philippines after 5 years of living abroad.
- He gave a speech at the banquet and his - He was greeted by controversy due to Noli
speech was published in “Los Los Mundos” Me Tangere.
and became famous after. - The friars were against him yet he stood by
- In 1884, Rizal finished the coursework but what he believed.
was not granted the Doctor’s diploma - He received death threats
because he was not able to submit the - He starts to do surgery on his mother’s
thesis and didn’t pay the corresponding eyes.
fees. Licentiate was enough to practice - Hong Kong's first successful
medicine in Rizal’s time. operation on the left eye.
- In 1885, he finished the licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters.
 - Dapitan's second operation yet his Madrid
mother became permanently blind in - In July 1891 he traveled to Madrid to attend
her right eye due to impaction. a gathering of Filipinos.
- People called him Dr. Uliman since they - Antonio Luna and Rizal fought because of
mistook him for a German Nelly Boustead.
- On August 30, 1887, Rizal went to Manila to
meet Governor-General Emilio Terrero. He Hong Kong
advised Rizal to go abroad for his and his - Went to Hong Kong after publishing El
family’s safety Filibusterismo in Europe.
- Practice medicine
Hongkong - He lived with his family
- He met Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, - He began writing the constitution of La Liga
and Manuel Yriarte, the Filipino exiles. Filipina with the help of Jose Maria Basa.
- He learned the Chinese language - Goals:
- Unite the entire archipelago
Japan into one body.
- Arrived in Yokohama, Japan, and stayed at - Provide mutual protection in
the Tokyo Hotel for a few days. times of need.
- Invited by Juan Perez Caballero to live at - Protect against all forms of
the Spanish Legation for a month violence and injustice.
- Learned the Japanese culture - Promote education,
- He met O-Sei San and he left after 1 month agriculture, and commerce.
of a relationship. - Study and implement
reforms.
USA - He wrote two article
- Rizal’s ship was quarantined in San - To the Spanish Nation
Francisco when it Arrived on April 18, 1888. - To My Countrymen
- He witness racial discrimination - He met William Pryer who managed the
British North Borneo Company.
London - He asks if Pryer can create a Philippine
- On May 24, 1888, he lived in London and colony in Borneo.
met Dr. Reinhold Rost.

Paris
- March 1889, he continues to write the El
Filibusterismo

Belgium
- January 1890, to escape the high cost of
living in Paris and the distraction of social
life.
- He discovered that the Filipinos in Europe
became addicted to casinos and his family
had been evicted from their land in Calamba
- He wrote “A Mi Musa” or “To My Muse”
which was published in La Solidaridad to
express disappointment and call for justice.