Design and Implementation of Microstrip Patch
Antenna for 5G applications
John Colaco Rajesh Lohani
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Department of Electronics and Telecommunications
Engineering Engineering
Goa College of Engineering, Farmagudi-Goa Goa College of Engineering, Farmagudi-Goa
Ponda, Goa Ponda, Goa
J_7685@yahoo.com rblohani@gec.ac.in
Abstract— There is a need for uninterrupted high streaming bandwidth, high gain, good reflection coefficient and excellent
online education around the world especially in developing antenna radiation efficiency using 5G millimeter wave bands at
countries like India where it requires high data rate and high resonating frequency of 26 GHz providing high Multiple Input
bandwidth. Hence, in this research paper, authors have designed Multiple Output and offers high performance. In India, 5G
a microstrip patch antenna for high quality online education and Radio Frequency spectrum specifications for millimeter wave
other 5G applications using 5G millimeter wave bands at resonant bands ranging from 24.5-29.5 GHz [13].
frequency of 26 GHz. In this proposed design, authors have used
a rectangular patch having dielectric constant of 2.2 and dielectric Microstrip patch antenna has a vital role in the field of
loss tangent of 0.0010. The design is simulated and analyzed using wireless communication. It has dielectric substrate, ground
FEKO software. Thus, after simulation authors have found a good plane and thin metallic patch of copper or gold. The patch and
return loss of -33.4 dB, good bandwidth of 3.56 GHz, VSWR < 2, the ground plane have separation from dielectric substrate.
high gain of 10 dB and antenna radiation efficiency of 99.5%. This There are different types of patch antennas such as circular,
proposed design has benefit during ongoing lockdown situation rectangular, square, elliptical, triangular and dipole [14]. The
around the world. most generally used Microstrip antennas has circular and
rectangular shape. These two patch antennas have most
Keywords— dielectric substrate, microstrip antenna, bandwidth, demanding applications especially in the field of 5G
microstrip patch, 5G, millimeter wave bands.
applications. The proposed work has better bandwidth of 4.7
GHz and return loss of -57 dB at 28 GHz resonant frequency
I. INTRODUCTION [10]. The proposed design has microstrip patch antenna array
India is one of the developing nations of the world where with four element and is designed using technique of corporate
people are mostly illiterate or less educated and poor. They feed applicable for X-band [11].
cannot afford for higher education due to lack of financial crisis In this design, authors have used Roger RT/Duroid 5880
and other problems. Also, students of low-class family cannot substrate having dielectric constant of 2.2 as this substrate has
afford for higher education. Hence, online education or e- reinforced PTFE (ceramic or glass) material giving low
learning is one of the ways to provide them higher education and dielectric loss applicable for high frequency and broadband
make them more literate people of India or more educated for applications [15]. Also, lower dielectric substrate gives high
betterment of Indian society and human values. Online efficiency and better bandwidth. Further, the fringing field has
education has improved over the years. It is one of the increased with substrate having less dielectric constant. These
applications of 5G wireless communication. Online education fringing fields at the edge of microstrip patch antenna add up in
aims for improvement of quality of education by implementing phase and produce required radiation [14]. Therefore, this
the same using public cloud center data platform [1]. It is research focuses on providing high speed and high bandwidth
important to upgrade higher education by open online courses with less amount of return loss for e-learning/teaching without
[2]. Also, for engineering students by giving practical education any interruption due to high quality of data that is required for
with remote and virtual labs [3]. All this online education could high quality of online education.
be useful especially during currently ongoing lockdown
situation due to COVID-19. However, for all above online
education process, you need high speed data rate and large II. DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA
bandwidth for improving the quality of online education The rectangular microstrip patch antenna has best
especially during streaming of ultra-high-quality videos which configuration among all geometry of patches available and
is better than the existing 4G wireless system. This existing 4G therefore it is widely used [12]. In order to design this that best
data rate cannot handle for such viewing 4K/8K Ultra high. suited for 5G application like e-learning, choosing the best
Hence, thinking of above situation we have designed a electric substrate with lesser dielectric constant is important in
microstrip patch antenna of rectangular shape which gives high which we have used Rogers RT/Duroid substrate materials with
substrate height of 0.65 mm with dielectric loss tangent of
0.0010. The next important step is finding out the length and
width of the patch from equation (2) and (1) respectively and
lastly selecting best resonance frequency from millimeter wave
band and authors has selected 26 GHz. The parameters used to
design the microstrip patch antenna is shown in below TABLE
I.
TABLE I. DESIGN PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA
Parameters Details of Parameters Value(mm)
Symbols
Width of Substrate 6.0
Ws
Length of Substrate 6.0
L𝑆
Width of Patch 4.5
W
Length of Patch 3.4
L
Width of Microstrip line feed 0.6 Fig. 1. Geometry of proposed microstrip rectangular patch antenna
W𝐹
Length of Microstrip line feed 2.0
L𝐹
Height of Substrate 0.65
h
We have used the following equations for the design to
determine the width and length of patch [6],
c 2
W = 2f √ε𝑟 +1 (1)
𝑟
where c is the velocity of light, 𝑓𝑟 is the resonant frequency and
ε𝑟 is the dielectric constant of substrate.
L= L𝑒𝑓𝑓 – ΔL (2)
where L𝑒𝑓𝑓 is effective length of the patch given as follows
c
L𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (3)
2𝑓𝑟 √𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓
where ε𝑒𝑓𝑓 is the effective dielectric constant given as follows Fig. 2. Plot of Voltage standing wave ratio
1
ε𝑟 +1 ε𝑟 −1 12ℎ −2
ε𝑒𝑓𝑓 = + (1 + ) (4) III. SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
W W W
and Δ𝐿 is the extended incremental length given as follows
A. Reflection coefficient
𝑊
(ε𝑒𝑓𝑓 +0.3)( ℎ +0.264) Reflection coefficient is also called as return loss and is
ΔL= 0.412h (5)
(ε𝑒𝑓𝑓 −0.258)( +0.8)
𝑊
ℎ
denoted by (S11). The performance of antenna generally
depends upon a good reflection coefficient or return loss of at
least -10 dB or greater than -15 dB because return loss in antenna
The Fig.1 shows the proposed microstrip patch antenna is a ratio of incident power to that of reflected power. Consider
geometry with dimensions ( W𝑠 × L𝑠 ). The dimensions used that the reflection coefficient is 0 dB then nothing has radiated
have shown in TABLE I. as all the power have reflected from antenna [10]. As shown in
Fig.3, it has seen that the return loss is -33.4 dB and bandwidth
is 3.56 GHz and analysed that with this high bandwidth and good
return loss one can stream ultra-quality of data such 4K/8K
videos without any interruption which is extremely useful for
high quality online education.
Fig. 3. Plot of Return loss
B. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
The voltage standing wave ratio is also termed as standing Fig. 5. Plot of 2D radiation pattern with phi=90 deg and phi=0 deg
wave ratio. For microstrip patch antenna design to be used for
5G applications such as e-learning/teaching, this ratio should be D. Antenna Radiation Efficiency
in the range 1⩽VSWR⩽2 [10]. This ratio is always considered
as real and positive real number. Higher the value of VSWR As shown in Fig. 6, authors proposed antenna has high
greater the mismatch. Hence, authors proposed microstrip radiation efficiency of 99.5% shown in Fig. 6 which indicates
rectangular patch antenna has a value of 1.03 at 26 GHz in the efficiency of input power has radiated.
shown in Fig. 2.
C. Radiation Pattern
The Fig.4 and Fig.5 shows 3D and 2D radiation pattern of
high gain of 10 dB respectively. High gain is very much
required for 5G wireless system because this radiation patterns
indicates the quantity of power radiated by antenna.
Fig. 6. Plot of Antenna Radiation efficiency
E. Current Density Distribution in Antenna
The below Fig.5 shows the movement of electric charges
on the patch which creates the current densities on the patch
Fig. 4. Plot of 3D radiation pattern
surface which gives good radiation to antenna.
future scope is to obtain greater bandwidth, better return loss and
higher gain by configuring antenna with array elements.
REFERENCES
[1] Guigang Zhang, Yi Yang, Xiaoshuang Zhai, “Online Education Big Data
Platform,” IEEE, 11th international Conference on Computer Science &
Education (ICCSE 2016), August 23-25, Nagoy university, Japan, 2016.
[2] Gulchera Shadmanova, Sayibdjan Mirzaev and Xabiba Karimova,
“Upgrading Higher Education through Open Online
Courses,” IEEE, International Conference on Information Science and
Communications Technologies (ICISCT), Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2019.
[3] Mikel Perales, Luis Pedraza and Pablo Moreno-Ger, “Work-In-Progress:
Improving Online Higher Education with Virtual and Remote Labs,”
IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), April 8-11
, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2019.
[4] Ravi kumar Goyal, “A Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna at 28 GHz for
5G wireless Applications,” 3rd International Conference and Workshops
on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering, 22-25 November
2018.
[5] D. Imran, M. A. Khattak M. M. Farooqi, Z.Ullah, M. I. Khattak, M. I.
Khan and H. Dar, "Millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for 5G
Fig. 7. Plot of surface current density distribution mobile communication," International Conference on Engineering and
Emerging Technologies (ICEET), Lahore, Pakistan, 2018.
[6] Muhammad Mostafa Amir Faisal, Mohammad Nabi and Md.
IV. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAS Kamruzzaman, “Design and Simulation of a Single Element High
Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless
FOR 5G Communication,” 2nd Int. Conf. on Innovations in Science, Engineering
The TABLE II. shows the comparison of our proposed work and Technology (ICISET), Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2018.
with existing design for 5G [7] A. Elfatimi, S. Bri and A. Saadi, "Single feed compact millimeter
wave antenna for future 5G applications," 2018 International Conference
on Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV), Fez, 2018, pp. 1-4.
TABLE II. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING WORK
[8] M. S. Ibrahim, "Dual-band microstrip antenna for the fifth generation
indoor/outdoor wireless applications," 2018 International Applied
Refere Resonant Return Bandw Gain Antenna Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), Denver,
nces Frequency Loss idth (dBi) Radiation CO, 2018, pp. 1-2.
(GHz) (dB) (GHz) Efficiency [9] Sundeep Kumar and Arvind Kumar, “Design of circular patch antennas
(%) for 5G applications,” IEEE, 2nd International Conference on Innovations
4 28 -18.25 1.1 6.83 - in Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication (IESC), Shillong,
38 -15.5 1.92 6.9 93.5 India, 2019.
5 54 -12 2 7.4 82.7 [10] Mohammad Faisal, Abdul Gafur, Syed Zahidur Rashid, Md.OmarFaruk
6 28 -25 1.26 9.75 98 Shawon, Kazi Ishtiak Hasan and Md.Bakey Billah, “Return Loss and Gain
7 28 -23.81 0.921 8.05 - Improvement for 5G Wireless Communication Based on Single Band
38 -17.09 1.05 8.28 - Microstrip Square Patch Antenna”, 1st International Conference on
Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology (ICASERT
8 28 -16 1.44 2.28 93
2019), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2019.
9 28 -43 0.792 7.69 -
Propos 26 -33.40 3.56 10 99.5 [11] P.Subbulakshmi and R.Rajkumar, “Design and characterization of
ed corporate feed rectangular microstrip patch array antenna,” IEEE,
Design International Conference on Emerging Trends on computing,
comunication and Nanotechnologhy, Tirunelveli, India, 2013.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE [12] C. E. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition -
Constantine A. Balanis,” Book. 2005.
Our proposed microstrip rectangular patch antenna is [13] https://www.miwv.com/5g-radio-frequency/
designed and successfully implemented at resonance frequency [14] http://www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/patches/antenna.php
of 26 GHz using FEKO software which is more reliable to [15] https://rogerscorp.com/advanced-connectivity-solutions/rt-duroid-
design and viewing high quality results especially 3D radiation laminates/rt-duroid-5880-laminates.
pattern than other antenna design software. As shown above
from our simulation results and comparison table, the proposed
design of Microstrip patch antenna has higher gain of 10 dB for
good signal strength, increased bandwidth of 3.56 GHz for high
quality e-learning or teaching also one can download and upload
other 4K/8K ultra-high-definition content and other 5G
applications, better and good return loss of – 33.4 dB, voltage
standing wave ratio of 1.04 and finally higher antenna radiation
efficiency of 99.5%. However, the shortcoming of this proposed
antenna is that return loss and bandwidth is slightly less. The
