To infinitive and Gerund
To infinitive: to verb
Gerund: verb+ing flying kicking
Gerund:
(1) Sentence
(1) Preposition: time location object on/under/at/in
Before/After:
After going on a two-day-trip to China, I had to go to school tomorrow.
Before going to school, I had breakfast.
(2) Noun
Holding the football in a football match (subject) is (verb) a foul (object). SVO
Hold the football in a football match (verb) action
Flying a plane is hard. fly a plane Parts of speech
(2) Meaning of a specific word in a sentence
(1) like/don't like synonym: enjoy/adore (adorable)/PREFER
I like playing football.
I prefer playing football over playing basketball
I prefer apples (noun) over oranges (noun)
(2) start and finish
I started playing basketball when I was in primary school.
I finished studying primary school when I was years old.
(3) suggest and recommend
I recommend/suggest finding a seat since the restaurant is full of people.
(4) worth
Is it worth spending that much time?
To-infinitive to verb XXX-ing
(1) It's adj. to-infinitive adjective
It's harder to learn how to play football if you don't have legs. Hard/Harder
(2) Question words
who/what/when/where/why/how
(3) Show purpose
Why did you go to Japan? I went to Japan to learn Japanese.
Question tags
I don't need to finish this today, do I?
Auxiliary verb: is/are/do/was/have/were +n't isn't/aren't -n't
Messi is a goalkeeper, isn't he? Is Messi a goalkeeper?
You like hiking, don't you?
Yes/No question: Do you like hiking? yes/no
Past Tense
past(event) present future (past tense)
short: Messi won the World Cup in 2022 2024
long: Messi was on the (name) team for (number) years
past(event)present future (present perfect) (connected to the present)
During 2011-2012 season, Messi scored 73 goals and provided 29 assists.
VS
Messi have scored 816 goals since 2004.
Quote: Yesterday is the past and today is a gift. That's why it's called the present.
Present tense
(1) Repeat actions
He usually eats breakfast at 9 o'clock in the morning.
I usually go hiking every Saturday.
(2) Permanent siutations
The Earth circles around the sun.
He lives in Hong Kong at the moment.
(3) Truths and facts
The Earth is round.
A fish swims and a monkey climbs.
Present continuous (adjective) tense continue (verb) (They continued to study even when it's past
midnight)
(1) Situations that are in progress or developing (Construction in progress)
I am looking for my phone.
Your English is improving.
(2) Temporary situations
He is practising football this week because he is going to have a competition soon.
Future tense
will/ shall
Shall we call it a day? yes,no call it a day
_______ we _______(go) to the supermarket to buy grocceries?
Ok then let's go shopping!
(1) be going to (future)
going to happen either sooner or later
We are going to be late!
Your English is improving. (present continuous tense)
Your English is going to improve. (future tense)
