TENSES

Prepared by VIKAS KUMAR MOBARSA

Introduction
■ Verb form that shows the time of an action/state is called Tense.
■ In other words, tense shows the relation between action and its time of
occurrence.
■ Different forms of verbs show different tenses.
■ The tense of a verb shows the time of an action or the state of being.
1. I write this letter to please you.
2. I wrote the letter in his very presence.
3. I shall write another letter tomorrow.
– In sentence 1, the Verb write refers to present time.
– In sentence 2, the Verb wrote refers to past time.
– In sentence 3, the Verb shall write refers to future time.
■ Thus, a Verb may refer
– (1) to present time, (2) to past time, or (3) to future time.
V1 (Base Form) V2 (Simple Past) V3 (Past Participle)
Be Was / Were Been
Have Had Had
Do Did Done
Go Went Gone
Eat Ate Eaten
Speak Spoke Spoken
Run Ran Run
Write Wrote Written
Take Took Taken
 See Saw Seen
Make Made Made
Give Gave Given
Come Came Come
Say Said Said
Keep Kept Kept
Know Knew Known
Find Found Found
Think Thought Thought
Tell Told Told
Feel Felt Felt
Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Subject + do/does Do/Does + Subject +

Simple Present Subject + Verb
not + Verb Verb?

Subject + Subject +
Am/Is/Are + Subject
Present Continuous am/is/are + Verb am/is/are not +
+ Verb + -ing?
+ -ing Verb + -ing

Subject +
Subject + Have/Has + Subject
have/has not +
Present Perfect have/has + Verb + Verb (past
Verb (past
(past participle) participle)?
participle)

Subject + Subject + Have/Has + Subject

Present Perfect
have/has been + have/has not been + been + Verb + -
Continuous
Verb + -ing + Verb + -ing ing?
Present Indefinite Tense
(Simple Present Tense)
This tense is used in the following ways

(1) To express habitual action, habit or custom.

Examples:
a) I watch television on Sunday.
b) She gets up every morning at 6 o’clock
c) He walks in the evening
d) My shop opens at 9 o’clock
e) I do exercise every morning
(2) To express general truths; as,
a)The sun rises in the east.
b)Honey is sweet.
c)Fortune favours the brave.

(3) In exclamatory sentences beginning with here

and there to express what is actually taking place in
the present ; as,
a) Here comes the bus!
b) There she goes!
(3) To indicate a future event which is part of a plan or
arrangement.
Examples:
a) The school reopens next week
b) The examination commences next month.

(4)In vivid narrative, as substitute for the Simple Past ; as

a) Sohrab now rushes forward and deals a heavy blow to
Rustam.
b) Immediately the Sultan hurries to his capital.
Present Indefinite
Tense
Formula/Structure Examples
Affirmative
Subject+base form (+s/es) The bird flies south in the winter.
Singular*

Plural Subject+base form The birds fly south in the winter.

Negative The bird does not fly south in the

Subject+does not+base form
Singular winter.

The birds do not fly south in the

Plural Subject+do not+base form
winter.

Interrogative Does the bird fly south in the

Does+subject+base form+?
Singular winter?

Plural Do+subject+base form+? Do the birds fly south in the winter?

 Common verbs in the simple present

Infinitive I, You, We, They He, She, It

to ask ask / do not ask asks / does not ask

to work work / do not work works / does not work

to call call / do not call calls / does not call

to use use / do not use uses / does not use

to have have / do not have has / does not have

1. She (play) baseball on Saturday.
2. We (live) in an apartment.
3. The boys (eat) breakfast at 7 am.
4. He (have) two brothers.
5. My mother (like) romantic movies.
6. Pedro (make) dinner every day.
7. Cynthia and Ramon (work) on Monday.
8. I (go) to school at 8 am.
9. The computer (be) broken.
10. My brother and I (watch) TV at night.
11. Susana ___________ (try) to learn new things every day.
12. My father __________ (run) on Saturday morning.
13. I ___________ (have) three brothers.
14. Adriana __________ (think) pizza is delicious.
15. The girls __________ (want) more pasta.
16. She _________ (give) money to charity.
17. The computer ________ (work) without a cable.
18. The Toronto zoo ________ (open) on Saturday.
19. The teacher ___________ (help) the students after class.
20. Everyone ___________ (need) a pen.
21. I ___________ (no, want) juice.
22. Sheila ___________ (no, be) happy.
23. Daniel ___________ (no, write) on his tablet.
24. The girls ___________ (no, be) hungry.
25. My dog ___________ (no, sleep) in the house.
26. Veronica ___________ (no, be) a nurse.
27. Paris ___________ (no, be) in Africa.
28. My teacher ___________ (no, give) us homework.
29. The store ___________ (no, open) on Sunday.
30. Pete ___________ (no, like) sushi.
Present Continuous
Tense
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Subject + Subject + Am/Is/Are +

am/is/are + am/is/are not Subject + Verb +
Verb + -ing + Verb + -ing -ing?
The Present Continuous Tense is used for an action in
progress that is temporary in nature (not for a
permanent activity), in the present at the time of
speaking.

For example,
1. She is not working.
2. He is swimming in the pool.
3. It is raining outside.
It also expresses future actions or a definite arrangement in
the near future.

For example,
1. I am going to Shimla tomorrow.
2. We are going to Egypt in September.
3. She is coming over next week.

Continuous tense with “always” may express an idea which

is not to the liking of the speakers.

1. He is always preaching to strangers.

2. She is always complaining about her job.
3. He is always praising his friends.
 Incorrect Correct

He is owning a car. He owns a car.

We are hearing the bell. We hear the bell.

This house is belonging to me. This house belongs to me.

I am not hating him. I don’t hate him.

Are you forgetting my name? Have you forgotten my name?

I am not meaning this. I don’t mean this.

I am having no house to live in. I have no house to live in.

She stands in the shade of a tree. She is standing in the shade of a tree.

The temple is standing in the heart of the city. The temple stands in the heart of the city.
1.I _____ to watch a movie at Inox. (go)
2.We ___ in the nearby park. (play)
3.The boys ____ in the pond. (swim)
4.Rita ____ at the function. (sing)
5.The child ____ baseball. (play)
6.The chef ____ his famous ravioli. (cook)
7.The teacher ____ the students. (teach)
8.I ____ Aladdin and the Magic Lamp. (read)
9.The man ____ a Royal Enfield. (ride)
10.Sheema ____ for her dance performance. (practise)
11. The cat _____ on the fence. (sit)
12. They ____ a game of chess. (play)
13. The train ____ at the station. (arrive)
14. Mary ____ a cake for the party. (bake)
15. The kids ____ their homework. (do)
16. The sun ____ in the east. (rise)
17. I ____ for my math exam. (study)
18. The gardener ____ the flowers. (water)
19. The dog ____ at the stranger. (bark)
20. The birds ____ in the sky. (fly)
Change into present continuous tense.

1.He goes to play in the park.

2.COVID affects our lungs.
3.I ate a cheeseburger.
4.The Prime Minister will visit the school.
5.Ram walks to school.
6.The mason was building this tower.
7.Riya spoke at the inter-school competition.
8.The wrestlers fought hard.
9.The cuckoo sings beautifully.
10.Prerna left for Dubai.
11.I cleaned my room.
12.We bought a new car.
13.Anurag plays the guitar.
14.You went in the wrong direction.
15.I did a new project.
Present Perfect Tense
 Present Perfect Tense Structure
Subject + have/has + past
I/you/they/we
Positive participle (V3) + the rest of the
(S) have eaten (V3).
sentence
Subject + have/has + not + past
Negative participle (V3) + the rest of the You have not eaten.
sentence
Have/has + subject + past
Interrogative participle (V3) + the rest of the Have we eaten?
sentence
Have/has + subject + not + past
Negative
participle (V3) + the rest of the Has she not eaten?
Interrogative
sentence
• The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the
present and the past.
• The time of the action is before now but not specified,
and we are often more interested in the result than in the
action itself.
The present perfect is used to describe
•An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)
•An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
•A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.
We have visited Portugal several times.
•An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just’.
I have just finished my work.
•An action when the time is not important.
He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his reading is important)
Actions started in the past and continuing in the present
•They haven't lived here for years.
•She has worked in the bank for five years.
•We have had the same car for ten years.
•Have you played the piano since you were a child?

When the time period referred to has not finished

•I have worked hard this week.
•It has rained a lot this year.
•We haven't seen her today.
Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past
and now.
•They have seen that film six times
•It has happened several times already.
•She has visited them frequently.
•We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)

•Have you just finished work?
•I have just eaten.
•We have just seen her.
•Has he just left?
When the precise time of the action is not important or not
known
•Someone has eaten my soup!
•Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
•She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
1. We ___________ (find – negative) it yet.
2. Venu and Parvati ____________ (invited) all their friends for
today’s party.
3. Shashi _________ (sleep – negative) all night.
4. ________ he _________ (finish) his work?
5. It ___________ (be – negative) the same ever since you left.
6. They __________ (buy) a 2BHK flat.
7. You ___________ (come) to the right place.
8. _______ you ever ________ (be) to Malaysia?
9. Do you know why she __________ (like – negative) it?
10. ________ you _________ (hear) about the new education
policies?
1.I (not / work) today.
2.We (buy) a new lamp.
3.We (not / plan) our holiday yet.
4.Where (be / you) ?
5.He (write) five letters.
6.She (not / see) him for a long time.
7.(be / you) at school?
8.School (not / start) yet.
9.(speak / he) to his boss?
10.No, he (have / not) the time yet.
Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
■ Use the present perfect continuous when discussing an ongoing action that
started in the past or an action that started in the past and is finished but still
affects the present.

■ The structure for using the present perfect continuous is subject + have/has + been
+ verb (-ing).

■ One tip for using the present perfect continuous is to use it with words or phrases
that indicate that the action has been in progress and is still going or has recently
stopped but still affects the present.

– They have been waiting for the bus for over an hour.

– We have been talking about our project since the beginning of the
semester.
Forming the present perfect continuous

The present perfect continuous is made up of two

elements: the present perfect of the verb 'to be' (have/has
been), and the present participle of the main verb (base +
ing)

Subject +has/have been + base + ing

She has been swimming
 Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I have been living I haven't been living Have I been living?

You have been living You haven't been living Have you been living?

He, she, it has been living He hasn't been living Has she been living?

We have been living We haven't been living Have we been living?

You have been living You haven't been living Have you been living?

They have been living They haven't been living Have they been living?
The main difference between the present perfect
and present perfect continuous tenses is that the
present perfect emphasizes the result of an action,
while the present perfect continuous emphasizes
the continuity of an action.
Verbs without continuous forms
With verbs not normally used in the continuous form, use the
simple present perfect instead (verbs such as: know, hate, hear,
understand, want).
I've wanted to visit China for years.
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.
1.Rahul ____ French for three months. (learn)
2.Mr. Rupert _____ in New Orleans for the past four years. (stay)
3.The boys _____ in the park since five o’clock. (play)
4.Tina ____ for some time. (meditation)
5.The child ____ for three hours. (sleep)
6.Mohit ____ for a new PS5 for a long time. (ask)
7.The builder _____ the tower for a few months. ( build)
8.I ____ David Copperfield since Saturday. (read)
9.Uma ____ the three pages since morning. (type)
10.Hira ______ for his friend at the cafe since the evening. (wait)
11. The teacher _____ for the last two hours. (teach)
12.The man ____ to fix the flat tyre for a few hours. (try)
13.The doctors _____ for three hours. (operate)
14.Raj _____ for his examination since the morning. (study)
15.My mother ____ cakes since two o’clock. (baking)
16.The man _____ the streets for hours. (wander)
17.Ron _____ video games since noon. (play)
18.Paro ____ with her friend on the phone for hours. (talk)
19.It ____ since dawn. (rain)
20.The dog ___ since last night. (bark)
1.He (work) in this company since 1985.
2.I (wait) for you since two o'clock.
3.Mary (live) in Germany since 1992.
4.Why is he so tired? He (play) tennis for five hours.
5.How long (learn / you) English?
6.We (look for) the motorway for more than an hour.
7.I (live) without electricity for two weeks.
8.The film (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial
break already.
9.How long (work / she) in the garden?
10.She (not / be) in the garden for more than an hour.
Simple Past Tense
Positive Negative Question
I spoke. I did not speak. Did I speak?
Simple Past Tense
The simple past tense is used to indicate or describe something that
happened or existed in the past. The situations or conditions to use a
simple past tense is to:
•describe an action, event or condition that occurred in the past or at
a specified time
•refer or describe an action that has been completed and there is no time
mentioned.
•describe an action or occurrence of an event that is done repeatedly and
regularly.
•describe a state of mind in the past or a feeling that was felt in the past.
•refer to someone who has died
•describe events that have occurred in quick succession in the past.
Examples
•action in the past taking place once, never or several times
•Example: He visited his parents every weekend.
•actions in the past taking place one after the other.
•Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down.
•action in the past taking place in the middle of another action.
•Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
•if sentences type II (If I talked, …)
•Example: If I ate a lot of sweets, I would fall ill.
■ The Past Simple Tense is used to refer to actions that were
completed in a time period before the present time.
■ In the Simple Past the process of performing the action is
not important. What matters is that the action was
completed in the past.
■ The action may have been in the recent past or a long time
ago.
Forming verbs into the simple past tense
For regular verbs, add –ed to the root form of the verb
(or just –d if the root form ends in an e):
Play → Played
Type → Typed
Listen → Listened
Push → Pushed
Love → Loved
The simple past tense of some irregular verbs looks
exactly like the root form:
Put → Put
Cut → Cut
Set → Set
Cost → Cost
Hit → Hit
For other irregular verbs, including to be, the simple past forms
are more erratic:
See → Saw
Build → Built
Go → Went
Do → Did
Rise → Rose
Am/Is/Are → Was/Were
The most common regular verbs
in the past tense
Infinitive Past Tense Negative
to ask asked did not ask
to work worked did not work
to call called did not call
to use used did not use
The most common irregular verbs
in the past tense
Infinitive Past Tense Negative
to be was/were was not/were not
to have had did not have
to do did did not do
to say said did not say
to get got did not have
to make made did not make
to go went did not go
to take took did not take
to see saw did not see
to come came did not come
1.Last year I (spend) my holiday in Ireland.
2.It (be) great.
3.I (travel) around by car with two friends and we (visit) lots of
interesting places.
4.In the evenings we usually (go) to a pub.
5.One night we even (learn) some Irish dances.
6.We (be) very lucky with the weather.
7.It (not / rain) a lot.
8.But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.
9.Where (spend / you) your last holiday?
1. Dan (leave) very early today.
2. Sam and Sue (buy) a new house last month.
3. I (visit) Germany the previous week.
4. You (play) very well.
5. They (find) this book on their trip to Italy.
6. I (bake) this cake by myself.
7. We (open) the store in 1987.
8. The rain finally (stop), and we (go) home.
9. She (plan) to come, but she (have) some problems.
10. Kate (have) a big house, but she (sell) it.
11. Rose (be) very thin.
12. You (be) at work yesterday morning.
13. We (think) New York was in England!
14. They (bring) this from their trip.
15. She always (dance) in the summer.
1. Barbara (eat) the whole cake last night.
2. I (save) some money last year.
3. You (give) me all the books yesterday.
5. I (come), I (see), I (leave).
6. They (drink) too much.
7. We (be) very happy together.
8. The cat (jump) on the tree, and the bird (fly) away.
9. We always (cook) together.
10. She (arrive) in 1978.
11. Emily and Edward (meet) in Paris.
12. Peter (change) his name many years ago.
13. Julie (move) from Canada last month.
14. They (sing) a few songs together.
15. We (have) a lot of friends there.
Past Continuous Tense
 Present
Auxiliary Verb
Subject Participle (verb-
(was/were)
ing)
I was sleeping
You were studying
He/She/It was playing
We/They were sitting
Actions Happening at a Specific Time in the Past
This usage of the past continuous tense allows us to depict
an activity that was ongoing at a certain time in the past.
For instance:
•At 7 pm yesterday, Rohan was studying for his exams.
In this sentence, 'was studying' is in the past continuous
tense and shows that Rohan's study session was ongoing at
7 PM yesterday.
Two Actions Occurring Simultaneously in the Past
When two events were happening simultaneously in the past,
we use the past continuous tense for both activities. For
instance:
•While I was cooking dinner, my sister was watching TV.
Here, both 'was cooking' and 'was watching' are examples of
past continuous tense usage, reflecting that both actions
occurred concurrently.
Actions Interrupted by Other Actions or Events
We often use this tense to describe an action that was
interrupted by another event or action. We typically use the
simple past tense to express the interrupting action. For
instance:
•I was reading a book when the power went out.
In this sentence, 'was reading' is in the past continuous
tense as it indicates an action (reading a book) that got
interrupted by another event (the power going out).
Remember that stative verbs are not used in the continuous tense.
Stative verbs express a state – not an action. Since there is no action
in progress, the past continuous should not be used. Here are some
categories of stative verbs:
•Mental states – think, understand, believe, doubt, know, prefer,
remember, want
•Emotional states – like, love, hate
•Senses – see, hear, smell, taste, feel, seem, sound
•Possession – have, own, possess
•Communication – agree, disagree, mean, promise
•Other states – be, need, owe, cost, depend, matter
I was understanding math class until we started fractions.
I understood math class until we started fractions.
I was having a horse when I was a child.
I had a horse when I was a child.
The flowers were smelling good.
The flowers smelled good.
He was knowing exactly what needed to be done.
He knew exactly what needed to be done.
1.When I phoned my friends, they ___________ (play) monopoly.
2.Yesterday at six I ___________ (prepare) dinner.
3.The kids ___________ (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4.I ___________ (practice) the guitar when he came home.
5.We ___________ (not / cycle) all day.
6.While Aaron ___________ (work) in his room, his friends ___________
(swim) in the pool.
7.I tried to tell them the truth but they ___________ (listen / not) .
8.What ___________ (you / do) yesterday?
9.Most of the time we ___________ (sit) in the park.
11. I _______ (work) on my project when the power went off.

12. They _______ (play) cricket in the park when it started raining.

13. She _______ (read) a book when her phone rang.

14. We _______ (watch) a movie when the electricity was cut-off.

15. He _______ (cook) dinner when his friend arrived.

16. When I phoned my friends, they (play) ___________ monopoly.
17. Yesterday at six I (prepare) ___________ dinner.
18. The kids (play) ___________ in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
19. I (practice) ___________ the guitar when he came home.
20. We (not / cycle) ___________ all day.
21. While Alan (work) ___________ in his room, his friends (swim) ___________ in the
pool.
22. I tried to tell them the truth but they ___________ (not / listen ) .
23. What (you / do) ___________ yesterday?
24. Most of the time we (sit) ___________ in the park.
25. I (listen) ___________ to the radio while my sister ___________ (watch) TV.
26. When I arrived, They (play) ___________ cards.
27. We (study) ___________ English yesterday at 4:00 pm.
Convert present tense sentences to past continuous

1.I am studying for my test.

2.They are playing video games.

3.She is listening to music.

4.We are preparing for a party.

5.He is cleaning his car.

Write positive sentences in past progressive.

1.My mother / read / a novel

2.My father / watch / a movie

3.My elder sister / write / in her diary

4.My two brothers / listen / to the radio

5.My little sister and I / not / watch / a movie

Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now.
It is used to make it clear that one event happened
before another in the past.

Past Perfect tense is used where an activity or a period

of time began in the past and continued until another
action or period of time in the past.
Event A Event B
John had gone out when I arrived in the office.
Event A Event B
I had saved my document before the computer crashed.
Event B Event A
When they arrived we had already started cooking.
Event B Event A
He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.
Subject +had +past participle
Affirmative
She had given
Negative
She hadn't asked.
Interrogative
Had they arrived?
Interrogative Negative
Hadn't you finished?
Past perfect + just
'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that
was only a short time earlier than before now, e.g.
•The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
•She had just left the room when the police arrived.
•I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.
Exercises
1. Kevin _________ (go) home by the time I arrived.
2. Ethan suddenly realised that he ___________ (leave) his laptop on the train.
3. Mum was annoyed because I ______________ (not clean) my room.
4. ___________(they/study) English before they went to the USA?
5. We were hungry because ___________ (not eat).
6. My phone didn't work because I _________________ (charge) it.
7. Why didn't you want to watch the film? ___________ (you/see) it before?
8. Sally was embarrassed because she ______________ (forget) her dad's birthday.
9. She __________ in Sweden before she went to Norway. (to live)
10. After we __________ the cornflakes, Henry came in. (to eat)
11. Before Ken ran to Kerry's house, he __________ him. (to phone)
12. After they __________ their backpacks, they rode away on their bikes. (to pack)
13. Gerry helped his grandma in the house because his father __________ him so. (to
tell)
14. The cat hid under the chair because the children __________ so loud. (to be)
15. Before the students started to write, the teacher __________ their mobile
phones. (to collect)
16. After Max __________ his breakfast, he left the flat. (to finish)
17. Laura repaired her glasses because her brother __________ them. (to break)
18. By the time the show began, all friends __________ . (to arrive)
19. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we ____________ (build) .
20. He ____________ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
21. When she went out to play, she ____________ (do / already) her
homework.
22. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum ____________ (make) .
23. The doctor took off the plaster that he ____________ (put on) six weeks
before.
24. The waiter brought a drink that I ____________ (not / order) .
25. I could not remember the poem we ____________ (learn) the week
before.
26. The children collected the chestnuts that ____________ (fall) from the
tree.
27. (he / phone) ____________ Angie before he went to see her in London?
28. She (not / ride) ____________ a horse before that day.
 Past Perfect
Continuous Tense
The past perfect continuous (also known as the past perfect
progressive) is a verb tense that shows that an action that
started in the past continued up until another time in the
past.
Examples:

1. He had been drinking milk out the carton when Mom walked into the
kitchen.
2. I had been working at the company for five years when I got the promotion.
3. Martha had been walking three miles a day before she broke her leg.
4. The program that was terminated had been running smoothly since 1945.
5. Anna had been playing the piano for thirty-five years when she was finally
asked to do a solo with the local orchestra.
6. He had been throwing rocks at her window for five minutes before she finally
came out on the balcony.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense Structure
Positive Sentences:
Subject + had been + present participle (verb + -ing)

Example: She had been studying for hours.

Negative Sentences:

Subject + had not been + present participle (verb + -ing)

Example: They had not been working on the project.

Interrogative Sentences:

Had + subject + been + present participle (verb + -ing)?

Example: Had you been reading before the meeting?

Negative Interrogative Sentences:

Had + subject + not been + present participle (verb + -ing)?

Example: Hadn't she been practising the piano?

1. Seema needed a break because she (solving)______________________ math exercises all
morning.
2. When Lorraine moved to England, she (learn)______________________ English for 12
years.
3. I did not go out last night because I (work)____________________________________ all day.
4. Orla felt fit for the marathon because she (exercise)___________________________ a lot.
5. When I went to see Miss. Winter, her secretary told me that she
(speak)________________________on the phone for two hours.
6. You got sick because you (eat)_____________________________ all the time.
7. When the musician became director of the opera house, he
(live)__________________________ in this town for ten years.
8. We (go)____________________________ out together for two years before I met his family.
9. The passengers (wait)_____________________ for four hours before the ground staff
could finally give them information on the delay of their flight.
10. When I noticed my mistake, I (drive)__________________________for an hour in the
wrong direction.
11. She ___________________________________________ (not/sit) at home for long
before she went out.
12. Had _____________________________ (they/stay) in a hotel before they found a flat in
Warsaw?
13. Mary __________________________________________ (not/wait) long when he turned
up.
14. How long ______________________________(you/ learn) English before you took
TOEFL?
15. Jack ______________________________(work) on the project for at least half an hour
when the boss came in.
16. Had __________________________ (she/sing) for a long time when that crazy fan
attacked her?
17. Why were you so tired when we met? ____________________________(you/run)?
18. She ______________________________ (see) Mike for only six months before she
married him.
19. Had _________________________ (you/think) about that problem before Tom started
talking about it?
20. They ______________________________________ (not/fly) for a long time when the
plane crashed.
21. Had______________________(Mark/do) such kind of things before or was that the first time?
22. We _______________________________________________ (travel) all day before we got to Madrid.
23. __________________________ (you/work) in a garage? Why were you so dirty when I saw you?
24. They ____________________________ (not/practice) the piano for long before they were ready to
perform.
25. Had __________________ (she/train) guide dogs for a long time before she changed her job?
26. My friends _____________________________ (not/drink) alcohol before they went to that club.
27. Had ________________________(Maria/drive) for many hours when that accident happened?
28. The man ______________________________________________(not/paint) the walls all day long.
29. It ________________________________( not/rain) before we went out.
30. Why _______________________ (you/behave) so strangely before I talked to you?
Simple Future Tense
We use the simple future tense in declarative sentences
to state that something is scheduled or planned.

It communicates willingness and expresses an

expectation, a prediction, or a guess.

Simple Future/Future Indefinite Tense:

Subject + Helping verb (will) + base form of the verb + the rest of the
sentence.
• The package will arrive next Tuesday.

• Frey will perform the lead role in the play.

• I will have more information for you the next time we talk.

• It will rain before long.

• Mei thinks she will hear back about the job she just applied
for.

• I will gladly show you around town when you arrive.

Positive Negative Interrogative Negative Interrogative

Subject Subject + Will Will + Subject + base Will + Subject + not +

+ Helping verb not/Won’t + Base form of the verb + the Base form of the verb +
(will) + Base form of the verb + rest of the sentence the rest of the sentence
form of the the rest of the (or)
verb + the rest of sentence
Won’t + Subject + Base
the sentence
form of the verb + the rest
of the sentence

For example: For example: I will For For example: Will I not
I will read the not read the example: Will I read the read the newspaper from
newspaper from newspaper from newspaper from tomorrow?
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow? (or)
(or) Won’t I read the
I won’t read the newspaper from tomorrow?
newspaper from
The simple future is used:
•To predict a future event:
It will rain tomorrow.
•With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision:
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
•To express willingness:
I'll do the washing-up.
He'll carry your bag for you.
•In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
The baby won't eat his soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
•With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to make an offer:
Shall I open the window?
•With we in the interrogative form using "shall", to make a suggestion:
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
•With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or
instructions:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
•With you, to give orders:
You will do exactly as I say.
•With you in the interrogative form, to give an invitation:
Will you come to the dance with me?
Will you marry me?
1. Quinn __________ (sing) at the final auditions.

2. Madame Smith _________ (be) the judge for the cultural competitions.

3. _________ you __________ (finish – negative interrogative) writing the song before the event?

4. I don’t think he ____________ (enjoy) something like this.

5. Sandy had told me that it _____________ (rain – negative) today.

6. ________ Adharsh ____________ (visit) you or not?

7. Amal ____________ (arrive – negative) in time for the reception.

8. Santana _____________ (be) your partner for the dance.

9. Do you think it ____________ (matter) to them at all?

10. Abdul ____________ (give) you all the instructions regarding what should be done when you get
here.
Future Continuous
Tense
The future continuous refers to an unfinished action or event that will be
in progress at a time later than now and will continue for an expected
period of time.

Subject + Helping verbs (will + be) + present participle form of the

verb + the rest of the sentence

•I will be writing the letter tomorrow.

•The baby will be playing the whole night.
•I will be helping my mother to make breakfast.
•Sheldon will be eating the cake later.
•Penny will be running the marathon tomorrow.
•She will be taking her dog for a walk.
 Affirmative Negative Interrogative -ve Interrogative
I will be staying. I won't be staying. Will I be staying? Won't I be staying?

You will be staying. You won't be staying. Will you be staying? Won't you be staying?

He will be staying. He won't be staying. Will he be staying? Won't he be staying?

She will be staying. She won't be staying. Will she be staying? Won't she be staying?

It will be staying. It won't be staying. Will it be staying? Won't it be staying?

We will be staying. We won't be staying. Will we be staying? Won't we be staying?

They will be staying. They won't be staying. Will they be staying? Won't they be staying?
1. Next month, at this time, I ______________ (chill) in Maldives along with my friends.
2. Nathan _____________ (reach) home at this time tomorrow.
3. Bindhu _______________ (work – negative) for a month as she has to take care of her sick
mother.
4. __________ Sue ____________ (attend – interrogative) the Glee club rehearsals the day
after tomorrow?
5. ________ Gowtham ____________ (come – negative interrogative) along with you to
Chennai?
6. Tania _______________ (try out – negative) for the relay this year.
7. Sandhya ______________ (help) us with the arrangements for tomorrow as Theena will not
be able to do it.
8. ____________ Irene ___________ (lead – interrogative) the drill on Sports Day?
9. _________ they ____________ (perform – negative interrogative) Don’t Stop Believing for
the Sectionals?
10. The students ______________ (participate) in the extracurricular activities organised by
the senior students on Children’s Day.
Future Continuous
Tense
Future perfect tense is used to talk about an action or event that
will be completed before a certain time in the future.
It's announcing something that’s yet to happen but will definitely be
completed at a specific future moment.
You can think of that future point as a kind of deadline.

Its structure: 'will' + 'have' + 'past participle of the main verb'

•I will have finished my report by evening.

•She will have left for the airport by 6 pm.

•We will have eaten dinner by 8 pm.

 Negative
Positive Negative Interrogative
Interrogative
Subject + will +
Subject + will + Will + subject + Will + subject + not
not + have +
have + past have + past + have + past
past participle +
participle + rest participle + rest of participle + rest of
rest of the
of the sentence the sentence the sentence
sentence
(or) Won’t +
subject + have +
past participle +
rest of the
sentence
1. Next month, at this time, I ______________ (chill) in Maldives along with my friends.
2. Nathan _____________ (reach) home at this time tomorrow.
3. Bindhu _______________ (work – negative) for a month as she has to take care of
her sick mother.
4. __________ Sue ____________ (attend – interrogative) the Glee club rehearsals
the day after tomorrow?
5. ________ Gowtham ____________ (come – negative interrogative) along with you
to Chennai?
6. Tania _______________ (try out – negative) for the relay this year.
7. Sandhya ______________ (help) us with the arrangements for tomorrow as Theena
will not be able to do it.
8. ____________ Irene ___________ (lead – interrogative) the drill on Sports Day?
9. _________ they ____________ (perform – negative interrogative) Don’t Stop
Believing for the Sectionals?
10. The students ______________ (participate) in the extracurricular activities
organized by the senior students on Children’s Day.
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense is used to describe actions that will be
completed before a specific point in the future.

It emphasizes the completion of an action relative to a future time

frame.

Structure of Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense is formed using the following structure:
Subject + will have + past participle
Examples
Affirmative:
"I will have completed the project by next week.“
Negative:
"I will not have finished the report before the deadline.“
Interrogative:
"Will you have submitted your application by Friday?"
Usage
The future perfect tense is typically used in the following contexts:
1. To indicate a completed action at a future date:
"By the time you arrive, I will have left for the airport.“
2. To emphasize the duration of an action up to a point in the future:
"By the end of this year, I will have lived here for five years."
Certain time expressions are commonly used with the
future perfect tense, including:
• By the time...
• By next week/month/year
• By (specific date)
• In (duration)
1. Mom ______________ (cook) our favourite meal since we are going home after a really long
time.
2. I think all the plants ________________ (grow) before I return.
3. Sindhu _____________ (forget – negative) anything by now.
4. __________ you ___________ (complete – interrogative) the invitations before 7 p.m.
5. He ________________ (learn) all the songs by heart before anyone else does.
6. Do you think Karl _______________ (find) all the answers to the questions you gave him by
now?
7. I guess I ___________ (finish) my painting by Monday.
8. All our relatives ___________ (arrive) at the hotel in the morning.
9. ________ they ___________ (paint – negative interrogative) the house before the guests
arrived?
10. We ___________________ (meet) the Principal before noon.
 Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the
future perfect progressive, is a verb tense that describes
actions that will continue up until a point in the future.

The future perfect continuous consists of

will + have + been + the verb’s present participle (verb root + -ing).

• In November, I will have been working at my company for

three years.
• At five o’clock, I will have been waiting for thirty minutes.
• When I turn thirty, I will have been playing piano for twenty-
one years.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative
interrogative
I will have been I won't have been Will I have been Won't I have been
living living living? living?

You will have You won't have Will you have Won't you have
been living been living been living? been living?

He will have He won't have Will he have Won't he have

been living been living been living? been living?

We will have We won't have Will we have Won't we have

been living been living been living? been living?

They will have They won't have Will they have Won't they have
been living been living been living? been living?
1. Sam and Quinn will definitely not be that exhausted when they get here as they ______________
(drive – negative) for so long.

2. Vinita _______________ (walk) around for hours.

3. How long ______ they ______________ (play – interrogative) the guitar next year?

4. Next week, Tharun _________________ (work – negative) for more than a year.

5. In November, Devika _________________ (teach) at this school for three years.

6. We are late. I guess Aldrin and Sam ______________ (wait) for us.

7. Ashwin will be very tired when he gets home as he ______________ (exercise) for over an hour.

8. ________ Neelaveni Ma’am ____________ (train – negative interrogative) students for more than
twenty years at the end of this academic year?

9. ________ you _______________ (live – interrogative) in Australia for over a year when you finish
your studies?

10. When you come at 8 p.m, __________ they ______________ (practise) long enough?