Simple Present/ Present indefinite:

The simple present (also called present simple or present indefinite) is a verb form used to
indicate repetition, habit, or generalization.

Subject + base form of the verb/verb+s/es(if needed) + rest of the sentence.

Positive Negative Interrogative Negative

Interrogative

Subject + base form Subject + do/does + Do/does + subject + Do/does + subject +

of the verb / verb + not + base form of base form of the verb not + base form of
s/es + the rest of the the verb + the rest of + the rest of the the verb + the rest of
sentence. the sentence sentence?. the sentence?
(or) (or)

Subject + Don’t/doesn’t+
don’t/doesn’t + base subject + base form
form of the verb + the of the verb + the rest
rest of the sentence. of the sentence?

Examples Examples Examples Examples

● He takes oats ● He does not ● Does he take ● Does he not

for breakfast. take oats for oats for take oats for
● I go daily for a breakfast. breakfast? breakfast?
morning walk. ● He doesn’t ● Do I go daily ● Doesn’t he
● We eat fruits take oats for for a morning take oats for
in the breakfast. walk? breakfast?
evening. ● I do not go ● Do we eat ● Do I not go
● She sings daily for a fruits in the daily for a
songs. morning walk. evening? morning
● I don’t go ● Does she sing walk?
daily for a songs? ● Don’t I go
morning walk. daily for a
● We do not eat morning
fruits in the walk?
evening. ● Do we not eat
● We don’t eat fruits in the
fruits in the evening?
evening. ● Don’t we eat
● She does not fruits in the
sing songs. evening?
● She doesn’t ● Does she not
sing songs. sing songs?
● Doesn’t she
sing songs?
Simple Present Tense (Indefinite Tense)- Examples

She goes for a walk early in the morning.

Mala goes to the cafe every week.
The teacher teaches the coaching.
Do you want to come with us?
He doesn’t go to school regularly.
Maria never wears nice clothes.
Don’t you speak English well?
My mom doesn’t go to the market every day.
The train arrives on time.
Crickets don’t store nuts for the winter.
Rivers flow towards the ocean.
James never brushes her teeth regularly.
He loves to play cricket every Sunday.
Ashu and I go to the mall every Sunday.
My Father doesn’t work in America.
Do other people also come to you?
My aunty cooks delicious food.
She usually eats diet food.
We never go to the hill station.
Does she go to school by bus?

Present Continuous/ Present progressive

We use present continuous tense-

a) for action happening exactly now

b) for action happening around now

subject+auxiliary be+main verb+ ing+ rest of the sentence

Ex: Muriel is learning to drive.

I am living with my sister until I find an apartment.

Present Continuous for the future

We can also use the Present Continuous tense to talk about the future - if we add a future word
We must add (or understand from the context) a future word. "Future words" include, for
example, tomorrow, next year, in June, at Christmas etc. We only use the Present Continuous
tense to talk about the future when we have planned to do something before we speak. We
have already made a decision and a plan before speaking.

Ex: We're eating at Joe's Cafe tonight

Present Perfect Tense

subject+auxiliary have+main verb3 + rest of the sentence

When to use -

● for something that started in the past and continues in the present:

They've been married for nearly fifty years.

She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

● when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

I've seen that film before.

I've played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
He has written three books and he is working on another one.

We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.

and we use never for the negative form:

Have you ever met George?

Yes, but I've never met his wife.

● for something that happened in the past but is important in the present:

I can't get in the house. I've lost my keys.

Teresa isn't at home. I think she has gone shopping.

**have been and have gone

● We use have/has been when someone has gone to a place and returned:

A: Where have you been?

B: I've just been out of the supermarket.

A: Have you ever been to San Francisco?

B: No, but I've been to Los Angeles.

● But when someone has not returned, we use have/has gone:

A: Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks.

B: She has gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow.

Some other examples:

● Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.

● We have just got back from our holidays.
● Have you ever seen a ghost?
● Where have you been up to now?
● A: Have you finished your homework yet?
B: No, so far I've only done my history.

Present Perfect Continuous

The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect progressive tense)
shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time.

Subject+ auxiliary have+ been+ Verb+ ing

Example:

● Mia has been competing in flute competitions recently. (And she will continue to do so.)
● I haven’t been feeling well lately. (And I am still sick now.)
● Recently, I’ve been misplacing my wallet and keys. (Because I sure don’t know where
they are.)
● I'm tired [now] because I've been running.
● Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
● You don't understand [now] because you haven't been listening.

Past Indefinite
you can use the simple past tense to refer to actions or states that happened in the past and are
finished and completed

subject+ past form of the verb+ rest of the sentence

Positive Negative Interrogative

Subject + past form Subject + did + not + Did + subject + base

of the verb (verb 2) + base form of the verb form of the verb + the
the rest of the + the rest of the rest of the sentence?
sentence sentence

(or)

Subject + didn’t +
base form of the verb
+ the rest of the
sentence

Examples Examples Examples

He took oats for He did not take oats Did he take oats for
breakfast. for breakfast. breakfast?

I went daily for a He didn’t take oats Did I go daily for a

morning walk. for breakfast. morning walk?

We ate fruits in the I did not go daily for a Did we eat fruits in
evening. morning walk. the evening?

She sang songs I didn’t go daily for a Did she sing songs?
morning walk.

We did not eat fruits

in the evening.

We didn’t eat fruits in

the evening.

She did not sing

songs.

She didn’t sing songs

Past Continuous
Subject was/ were+verb+ing

We use the past continuous to talk about the past:

for something which happened before and after another action:

The children were doing their homework when I got home.

This use of the past continuous is very common at the beginning of a story:

The other day I was waiting for a bus when …

Last week, as I was driving to work, …

to show that something continued for some time:

My head was aching.

Everyone was shouting.

for something that happened again and again:

.They were meeting secretly after school.

with verbs which show change or growth:

The children were growing up quickly.

Her English was improving.
My hair was turning gray.
The town was changing quickly.

Past Perfect

Subject + had + v3+ rest of the sentence

The Past Perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the
past. This is the past in the past. For example:

The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9:15am. When we arrived, the train had left.
The train had left before we arrived at the station
I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten.
They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
"Mary wasn't at home when I arrived." / "Really? Where had she gone?"

Past Perfect Continuous

The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect progressive
tense) shows that an action that started in the past continued up until another
time in the past.

Subject+ had been+ verb+ing + rest of the sentence

Unlike the present perfect continuous, which indicates an action that began in the
past and continued up to the present, the past perfect continuous is a verb tense
that indicates something that began in the past, continued in the past, and also
ended at a defined point in the past.

For example:

He had been drinking milk out the carton when Mom walked into the kitchen.

I had been working at the company for five years when I got the promotion.

The program that was terminated had been working well since 1945.
Cathy had been playing the piano for 35 years when she was finally asked to do
a solo with the local orchestra.

Future Indefinite

Simple Future (Future Indefinite) Tense

The simple future tense is used when an action is promised/thought to occur in
the future. The simple foreseen outcomes are stated in the future indefinite
tense. "Shall/will'" marks the future indefinite tense.

Structure:

Subject + shall/will + verb (base form) + rest of the sentence

Example:

We shall move to another city.

He will come to New York tomorrow.
They will make a phone which has artificial intelligence.
It will rain in the coming hours.
There will be a hard few days ahead of us.

Note: In some cases, the present progressive tense can be used when an action
is promised/arranged/planned to take place in the future.

Example:

We are moving to Texas next week.

We are leaving at 6.00 PM.
They're going to do as you say.
Dan is meeting me at 9 AM.
I am hoping to see you soon.
More: Examples of Simple Future Tense
 Future Continuous Tense

The future continuous tense is used when an action is promised/thought to be

going on at a specific time/context in the future.

Structure:
subject + shall/will + be + verb+ing . . . . . . . .

Example:

I shall be sleeping at around 6.00 AM tomorrow.

They will be playing at this time tomorrow.
She will be watching TV when I come home.
I will be working in the office while you watch a movie.

***Future Continuous Tense often adds an extra layer of politeness to normal

speech. "Will you be starting to decorate the room today?" is politer and
considerate in a manner than the simple "Are you starting to decorate the room
today?" which sounds more like a command that is late to be followed.

Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense is used to demonstrate an action which is promised to

be done by a certain time in the future. There is a certain definitive commitment
in the Future Perfect Tense that most future tenses tend to lack. This is because
a certain point in type is mentioned. "Shall/will have" before the Past Participle
verb form is the definitive marker of all perfect tenses.

Structure:

Subject + shall/will + have + verb in the past participle + rest of the sentence

Example:
I shall have completed the assignment by Monday.
She will have cleaned the house before her father comes.
Alex will have submitted the tender by tomorrow.
Before I go to see her, she will have left the place.
They will have finished making the bridge by January.

Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous or Progressive Tense expresses the action that will
be continuing in the future for a set amount of time that the speaker is sure of.
The common backstory here would be the speaker posits themselves in the
future and foretells something that is bound to continue happening for a certain
period of time in the foreseeable future. "Will have been" is the marker of Future
Perfect Continuous Tense while the "for/since + time frame" at the end is the
exclusive marker for all perfect continuous tenses.

Structure:

Subject + will + have + been + verb + ing . . . . . . … + for/since + time

frame

Examples:

He will have been running on the treadmill for one hour tomorrow.
We will have been basking in the afternoon sun for the whole winter.

I will have been touring the Australian terrains since next year.
Will you have been staring at the moon for one whole hour?
Note: There is close to no practical use of this Future Perfect Continuous tense in
the English language unless the period mentioned covers sometime in the past,
the present and the future.

****Future perfect continuous tense is normally used to stress the fact that
something has been going on for a long time and it will continue till a particular
point in time in the future. It requires pointing out the exact time in the future it will
carry on until and for how long it will have been going on in total.

Examples:

Next month, we will have been living in this house for 10 years.
This Friday, I will have been working in the neighborhood for over 30 years.
Next Thursday, he will have been roaming the streets homeless for two long
years.
This year, Helen will have been looking for a perfect care facility for herself for
three years.
Tomorrow, Jill's father will have been going door to door as a salesman for
several months.