International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249 – 8958 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-4, April, 2020

Designing of Fire Extinguisher Based on Sound

Waves
Ritik Yadav, Ramiz Shirazi, Amit Choudhary, Sandeep Yadav, Rituraj Raghuvanshi

Abstract: The project titled Designing of Fire Extinguisher primary purpose of fire extinguisher is its easy operation,
Based on Sound Waves is associated with new technique of fire easy to handle, and leaves no residue after usage, and
extinguisher. Deals with the fire fighting operations with a quick doesn’t harm the environment. A sound wave extinguisher
response time. The purpose of sound wave extinguisher is to find
out the range of frequency within which fire can be extinguished.
will extinguish the flame of all types and the frequency
It helps the fire fighter to fight the fire at early stage. Fire can be range can be measured between 40Hz to 60Hz. Further the
extinguished between 40Hz to 60Hz and the sound wave can waves can be classified into two groups which are
extinguish the fire of all types of flames. The fire suppression mentioned as under:
needs to be done at the incipient stage where the heat and flame 1. Longitudinal Wave- also known as compression wave
produced by the fire is at the minimum point. The expected which provides compression and rarefaction when
outcome of the project will be, to counter the fire at its initial
stage for better human safety and protection.
moving in the same direction or opposite. The
Keywords: Fire, Flame, Fire Extinguishers ,Chemical displacement of the medium can be vice- versa.
extinguisher, Residue, Sound Waves, Sound Wave Fire 2. Transverse Wave- known as moving wave and has
Extinguisher, Fire extinguishing effect, Dousing Fire. number of oscillations occurring perpendicular from the
energy where it is transferred. One of the best reasons is
I. INTRODUCTION light. Medium of displacement is perpendicular to the
Fire extinguisher is an equipment primarily designed for fire wave propagation of direction.
fighting operations. Extinguishers are generally used by fire
departments and also to fight the fire at its growth stage. The

Figure 1.1 : Longitudinal Waves

Figure 1.2 : Transverse Wave

Fire
The threeimportant elements that formsthe ‘Fire Triangle’ by-products such as: - heat and light energy sensationand
i.e. Heat, Fueland Oxygen. As fire is primarily removing one or more of these three elements will
anexothermic chemical reaction i.e. the rapid oxidation of extinguish the flame/fire.
the available fuel in the presence of heat source and gives

Revised Manuscript Received on April 25, 2020.

* Correspondence Author
Mr. Ritik Yadav*, (B.Tech Scholar) ,Fire Technology & Safety
Engineering mMedi – Caps University, Indore, India
Mr. Ramiz Shirazi (B.Tech Scholar), Fire Technology & Safety
Engineering, Medi – Caps University, Indore, India
Dr. Sandeep Yadav (Ph.D). (Mechanical Engineering), Assistant
Professor, Department of Fire Technology & Safety Engineering, Medi-
Caps University, Indore, India
Mr. Rituraj Raghuvanshi (M.Tech) (Industrial Safety Engineering),
Assistant Professor, Department of Fire Technology & Safety Engineering, Figure 1.3: Fire Triangle
Medi-Caps University, Indore, India
Mr. Amit Choudhary, (B.Tech Scholar) , Fire Technology & Safety
Engineering, Medi – Caps University, Indore, India.

© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and

Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC
BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Published By:
Retrieval Number: D7301049420/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.D7301.049420
& Sciences Publication
Journal Website: www.ijeat.org 927 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 Designing of Fire Extinguisher Based on Sound Waves

disruptions in the air-fuel ratio at the flame boundary

which leads to diminishing of the boundary. Technology in
fire fighting has short comings like toxic to humans and
leaves residues for DCP cylinder while water based
extinguishers freezes in cold and conducts electricity. Sound
wave extinguisher could be one of the potential alternatives
as fire extinguishers.

III. METHODOLOGY

Figure 1.4: Fire

Flame
A flame is the visible, gaseous part of a fire. It is caused by
a highlyexothermicreaction taking place in a thinzone.

Figure 1.5: Flame

Fire Extinguishing Methods
The principleof fire extinction states that a fire will be
doused if one of the three elements is removed, and this can
be done using three different approaches. They are: -
Cooling (Cooling the Burning Material)
Starving (Removing Fuel from the Fire)
Smothering (Excluding Oxygen from the Fire).
Types of Fire Class A Fire which includes solid
materials like wood, paper, plastic, rubber etc.
Class B Fire containing flammable liquids.
Class C Fire involves gaseous substances.
Class D contains combustible metals like
aluminium, zinc, sodium, potassium etc.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

The new idea of extinguishing the fire is important.
Accidents occurred by fire are dangerous and life Sound Waves
threatening. Due to increase of danger to environment Problem Statement
possible measures to be taken to overcome it. So the recent The limitations are covered as under : -
technique will help in extinguishing the fire and as well as  Using Dry Chemical Powder base fire extinguisher
protecting the environment also. The other thing is the releases toxics harmful for humans and leaves
accident caused in space, so avoid the use of extinguisher residue.
there. Sound wave extinguisher is the equipment by which  Using Water type fire extinguisher may freezes in
fire can be extinguished. For fire extinguishing many cold climates and has electricity.
researches can be possible and analyzing which sound
 Water type fire extinguisher causes corrosion.
frequency will give good result is necessary. As far as flame
extinguishment is concern the vibration may be at high- and
low-levels when coupled with high air flow velocity cause

Retrieval Number: D7301049420/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.D7301.049420 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijeat.org 928 & Sciences Publication
© Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249 – 8958 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-4, April, 2020

 Using CO2 fire extinguisher can cause coldburn IV. EXPERIMENT & RESULT
on hand, if properly not handled.
Using Sound Waves with a certain optimal frequency as a
fire extinguisher can overcome the above-mentioned
drawbacks such as cold burn, leaving any residues and toxic
materials.

Figure 1.9: Testing of Sound Wave Fire Extinguisher

Testing of the Portable Sound Wave Fire Extinguisher on
Liquid Fire.
Table 1.1: Frequency-Time Table of the Experiment
performed

Figure 1.7: Standard Fire Extinguishers

Objectives: -
(a) To check the frequency range used to extinguish flame. Graph represents the variation of Time with Frequency
(b) To identify an optimal range of frequencies. of Sound Wave Fire Extinguisher extinguishing a
Working Principle flame/fire
This concept teaches the physics, engineering and
electronics approach so as to suppress a flame. Firstly, to get
the knowledge of acoustical properties of sound waves
which are longitudinal waves that moves backward and
forward creating vibrating motion, as a result of which
molecules moves away from the flame. Another is Ideal Gas
which states that (PV=nRT) helps in suppressing a flame. So
when pressure is exerted at the flame source it will get
decreased and temperature will also get decreased of the
flame.

The vortex tube necessary to be included in the construction

of this experiment has the following dimensions for
optimization of extinguishing effect: Length is 300 mm and
outlet diameter is 100 mm. The optimal frequency is found
to be between 51-55 Hz.

V. CONCLUSION
Figure 1.8: Flow Chart Overall the design and improvisation of sound wave
Equipment Required: - extinguisher has been done successfully. All the actions
Hardware which has to be performed by extinguishers are working
 100-Watt Subwoofer properly. Sound wave extinguisher with these modifications
 500-Watt Amplifier will be a new success in terms of safety as well as fire
 Vortex tube (converging) fighting and rescue operations. Based on the experiment
 12 V Battery. result obtained it can be seen that the sound wave can
Software extinguish flames.
 A Frequency Generator Application

Published By:
Retrieval Number: D7301049420/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.D7301.049420
& Sciences Publication
Journal Website: www.ijeat.org 929 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 Designing of Fire Extinguisher Based on Sound Waves

The optimal frequency range at which the flame can be

suppressed is between 51-55 Hz.

REFERENCES
1. Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, National
Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois.
2. NFPA Fire Protection Manual (16 volumes), USA.
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Protection, USA.
5. A handbook of Fire Technology, R.S. Gupta, Orient Longman Ltd.,
Mumbai.
6. Dust Explosions and Fires, K.N. Palmer, Chapman and Hall, London.
7. .Fuel and Combustion, Sharma, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi.
8. Smoke Control in Fire Safety Design, Butcher and Parnell, E & FN
Spon Ltd., London.
9. .Rules for Segregation, Tariff Advisory Committee, Bombay
Regional Committee, Bombay.
10. .Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Frank P. Lees,
Butterworth.
11. .Major Hazard Control, a practical manual, ILO, Geneva.
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13. Industrial Fire Protection Handbook. R.Craig Schroll

AUTHORS PROFILE
Mr. Ritik Yadav (B.Tech Scholar) ,Fire Technology &
Safety Engineering mMedi – Caps University, Indore,
India

Mr. Ramiz Shirazi (B.Tech Scholar), Fire Technology &

Safety Engineering, Medi – Caps University, Indore,
India

Dr. Sandeep Yadav (Ph.D). (Mechanical Engineering),

Assistant Professor, Department of Fire Technology &
Safety Engineering, Medi-Caps University, Indore, India

Mr. Rituraj Raghuvanshi (M.Tech) (Industrial Safety

Engineering), Assistant Professor, Department of Fire
Technology & Safety Engineering, Medi-Caps University,
Indore, India.

Mr. Amit Choudhary, (B.Tech Scholar) , Fire Technology

& Safety Engineering, Medi – Caps University, Indore,
India

Retrieval Number: D7301049420/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.D7301.049420 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijeat.org 930 & Sciences Publication
© Copyright: All rights reserved.