1.
哈姆雷特中的人物：Claudius,叔叔。Gertrude,母亲。Ophelia,他女朋友。Polonius: the father of
Ophelia. Laertes:奥菲利亚的哥哥。Horatio:哈姆雷特的朋友。
2《》 Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene
Jonathan Swift's A Tale of a Tub;《》
Aesop 's Fables.《》
3.夏洛克《》Shylock The Merchant of Venice
4..玄学诗人是谁？约翰·邓恩 Metaphysical Poetry---John Donne(约翰•邓恩,1572-1631)
5.雅虎《》Yahoo -- Gulliver’s Travel
6.《》《》《》约翰弥尔顿（John Milton）
Paradise Lost Paradise Regained Samson Agonistes John Milton
7.菲利普·锡德尼（Philip Sidney《》The Defense of Poesy
与 16 世纪雪莱的为诗辩护有异曲同工之妙。他脸上有雀斑，跟伊丽莎白女王闹过矛盾，死得很早，全英国为他哀悼。
8.字典编纂者 lexicographer：塞谬尔约翰逊 Samuel Johnson
9.18 世纪最重要的文体形式：讽刺 Satire
10. Samuel Richardson: Pamela 塞缪尔·理查生:《》
11. Poet’s Poet : Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞(诗人的诗人) ;
英国诗歌之父：乔叟 Chaucer has been known as the "father of English poetry”。
亨利费尔丁是英国小说之父 Henry Fielding
12.Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟通过他的作品描绘了英国社会的完整风貌，并对后世产生了很重要的影响，也对英语成为本国语产生了重要影
响。
13.中世纪两种文体形式：Literary Types:
medieval romance(中世纪传奇故事/罗曼史) 但老师说是骑士 knight 传奇（legendary）
popular ballads(大众民谣）
14.Canterbury Tales 《》
时代：写于 1387-1400 年。
故 事 内 容 ： The tales are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they
travel together from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas
Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at
Southwark on their return.
对后世的影响：It has been suggested that the greatest contribution of The Canterbury Tales to English
literature was the popularization of the English vernacular in mainstream literature.使英语白话文在主流文
学中普及。
Although perhaps incomplete, The Canterbury Tales is revered as one of the most important works
in English literature. It is also open to a wide range of interpretations.
15．Caliban and Miranda form The Tempest
16.Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? -- Sonnet 18
17.莎士比亚戏剧：
历史剧：King Henry IV《》The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ《》
喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s Dream,《》 The Merchant of Venice,《》As You Like It《》Twelfth Night, or,
What You Will《》
悲剧：The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark《》 Othello, the Moore of Venice《》 King Lear《》 ,
The Tragedy of Macbeth《》
传奇剧：The Tempest 《》Cymbeline, King of Britain 《辛白林》The Winter‘s Tale《冬天的故事》
18. The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of His Friend Mr. Abraham
Adams, “comic epic in prose” 亨利费尔丁 Henry Fielding
19.都铎王朝 the Tudors 是亨利七世创造的 Henry VII
20.《》Utopia 是以对话的文体形式写成的，是对话体幻想小说。
21.What is the humanism? Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the
unique qualities of humans, e. g. human beauty, human power, human achievement and love of
present life, esp. their freedom and potential for personal growth.
22.Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞体诗节（名词解释） Each stanza has 9 lines. Each of the first 8 lines is in
iambic pentameter form and the ninth line is in iambic hexameter (alexandrine 亞历 山 大诗 行 ). The
rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc.
23.then wilt thou not be loth to leave this Paradise, but shalt possess paradise within thee,
happier far.出自 Paradise Lost 《》
24.Good and evil we know in the field of this World grow up together almost inseparably; and the
knowledge of good is . . . involved and interwoven with the knowledge of evil . . . And perhaps
this is that doom which Adam Fell into of knowing good and evil, that is to say of knowing good
by evil. As therefore the state of man now is; …The knowledge and survey of vice is in this
world . . . necessary to the constituting of human vertue, and the scanning of error to the
confirmation of truth. (Areopagitica )《》John Milton
25.“No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of
the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were.
Any man‘s death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never
send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” 原句来自 No Man Is
An Island (没有谁是一座孤岛)——John Donne(约翰•邓恩)
26.And swear No where Lives a woman true and fair -- John Donne
27.A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning--John Donne
As virtuous men pass mildly away,
And whisper to their souls to go,
Whilst some of their sad friends do say,
"Now his breath goes," and some say, “No”.
So let us melt, and make no noise,
No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move ;
'Twere profanation of our joys
To tell the laity our love.
28. To be, or not to be: that is the question.出自哈姆雷特。
29.Pioneering efforts of British novel
• John Bunyan: Pilgrim's Progress 《》
• Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe 《》
• Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travel 乔纳森·《》
Maturity of novel
• Samuel Richardson: Pamela 塞缪尔·理查森:《》
• Henry Fielding: Tom Jones 亨利·菲尔丁:《·》
30. Ophelia in Hamlet， Desdemona in Othello， Cordelia in King Lear
