MEDIEVAL HISTORY

TANK / TAKK EMPIRE

 THE MAIN SOURCES REGARDING THIS STATE
ARE WRITINGS OF HIUEN TSANG AND CHACH
NAMA ( HISTORY OF SINDH ) . PUNJAB WAS
ALSO CALLED TAK DESH BECAUSE OF THIS
TAK EMPIRE.
 AFTER THE TAKK EMPIRE , HINDU SHAHI
DYNASTY BEGAN IN PUNJAB.
 HINDU SHAHI DYNASTY WAS MORE TOWARDS
THE BORDER AREAS WITH AFGANISTHAN .
 DURING THIS TIME FROM 8TH TO 10TH CENTURY
VARIOUS RAJPUT DYNASTIES TOMAR ,
CHOHAN ETC RULED REST OF PUNJAB.

MUSLIM ATTACKS
ARAB ATTACKS
 AL – HAJAJ GOVERNOR OF IRAQ SENT MOHMD. BIN
QASIM TO INDIA.
 MOHMD. BIN QASIM INVADED INDIA IN 712 AD AND
DEFEATED SINDH RULER “ RAJA DAHIR “ AT
BATTLE OF REWAR AND CONQUERED SINDH
WHICH BECAME PROVINCE OF UMAYYAD
CALIPHATE .
 THIS WAS FIRST MUSLIM ATTACK ON INDIA .

TURKISH INVASION
MOHMD. OF GHAZNI
 DURING THIS PERIOD HINDU SHAHI DYNASTY
RULED IN PUNJAB.
 GHAZNI LAUNCHED 17 INVASIONS INTO
INDIA . IN BATTLE OF PESHAWAR ( 1001 AD )
HE DEFEATED HINDUSHAHI RULER JAIPAL
AFTER THAT IN
BATTLE OF WAIHIND ( 1008-09 AD) HE
DEFEATED HIS SON ANANDPAL.
 HIS COURT POET WAS FIRDAUSI AND HE
WROTE A BOOK NAME SHAH NAMA .
 HIS COURT SCHOLAR WAS ALBERUNI AND HIS
BOOK NAME WAS KITAB-UL-HIND.
 HIS COURT HISTORIAN WAS UTBI .
HINDU SHAHI DYNASTY
 CAPITAL – KABUL , UDBHANDPURA ,
LAHORE .
 FOUNDER WAS KALLAR.
JAIPAL
 HE RULED FROM LAGHMAN TO
KASHMIR AND SIRHIND TO MULTAN .
PESHAWAR WAS CENTER OF HIS
EMPIRE .
 IN 977 SABUKATGEEN ( RESIDENT OF
GHAZNI ) HAD A WAR WITH JAIPAL .
BUT JAIPAL LOST THE BATTLE
BECAUSE OF ICE STORM WHICH
DESTROYED HIS ARMY .
  SO HE WAS FORCED TO SIGN A
TREATY WITH SABUKTAGEEN AND
GAVE SOME OF HIS EMPIRE TO HIM .
 AFTER SOME TIME SABUKTGEEN DIED
AND HIS SON BECAME NEW MOHMD.
OF GHAZNI .
 BATTLE OF PESHAWAR WAS FAUGHT
BETWEEN JAIPAL AND MOHMD. OF
GHAZNI IN WHICH JAIPAL LOST .
 JAIPAL COULD NOT FACE THE LOSS
SO HE SUICIDE IN FIRE AND GAVE HIS
EMPIRE TO HIS SON ANANDPAL .
ANANDPAL
 IN 1008-09 BATTLE OF VAIHIND WAS
FAUGHT BETWEEN ANANDPAL AND
MOHMD.OF GHAZNI AND ANANDPAL
LOST.
 SOLWLY AND GRADUALLY HINDU
SHAHI DYNASTY RULE CAME TO AN
END.
MIHABUDIN MOHMD. GAURI
 IN 1175 HE CONQUERED SINDH .
 IN 1178 HE ATTACKED GUJRAT BUT WAS
DEFEATED BY KING BHIMA II.
 IN 1191 HE INVADED INDIA AGAIN VIA
PUNJAB
 AT THAT TIME PUNJAB WAS RULED BY
CHAUHAN RAJPUTS FROM DELHI TO AJMER
.
  THE FIRST BATTLE OF TARAYAN WAS
FOUGHT IN 1991 IN WHICH RAJPUT KING
PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN DEFEATED HIM .
THEN MOHMD. GAURI WENT BACK .
 IN 1192 SEND BATTLE OF TARAYAN WAS
FOUGHT IN WHICH PRITHVIRAJ CHUHAN
WAS DEFEATED BY GAURI .
 BATTLES OF TARAYAN TOOK PLACE IN
TARAWADI CITY OF KARNAL.
 GHORI WAS CONSIDERED AS PIONEER OF
MUSLIM RULE IN INDIA .
SLAVE DYNASTY
QUTUBDIN ABAK
 HE WAS TURKISH SLAVE OF GHORI .
 AFTER GHORI’S DEATH HE DECLARED
HIMSELF KING OF PUNJAB REGION .
 HE WAS GIVEN TITLE OF LAKH BAKSH BY
GHORI .
 HE BUILT FIRST MOSQUE OF INDIA NAMED
“ QUWAT-UL-ISLAM” IN DELHI .
 HE ALSO STARTED CONSTRUCTION OF
QUTUB MINAR IN HONOR OF FAMOUS SUFI
SANT “ KHWAJA QUTUBDIN BAKHTIAR
KAKI”.
 HE DIED IN 1210 WHILE PLAYING POLO.
 AFTER HIS DEATH HIS SLAVE ARAM SHAH
BAKSH BECAME NEW RULER. BUT HE WAS
DETHRONED BY ILLTUTMISH IN 1211.
ILLTUSHMISH
  HE CHANGED CAPITAL FROM LAHORE
TO DELHI .
 IN 1215 HE DEFEATED YALDEZ WHO
CONSIDERED HIMSELF MOHMD. OF
GHAZNI.
 CHANGEZ KHAN WAS AFTER
KHWARIZM SHAH HE REFUSED
KHWARIZM SHAH IN GIVING
SHELTER .
 HE INTRODUCED TWO COINS TANKA (
SILVER ) AND JITAL ( COPPER ).
 CONSTRUCTION OF QUTUB MINAR
WAS COMPLETED BY HIM .
 HE STARTED IQTA SYSTEM .
 HE FORMED A GROUP OF 4 SLAVES
CALLED “ TURK-E CHALGANI “
 HE IS ALSO CALLED FATHER OF TOMB
BUILDINGS IN INDIA.
 MINHAJ- US –SIRAJ WROTE A BOOK
CALLED CALLED “TABAQAT AE NASIRI
“
RUKUNDDIN FIROZ
 HE WAS SON OF ILLTUTMISH .
 HE GOT THE THRONE WITH THE HELP OF
HIS MOTHER “ SHAH TURKAN “.
 BUT HE WAS REMOVED FROM THRONE BY
HIS SISTER RAZIA SULTAN .
RAZIA SULTAN
 SHE WAS FIRST AND ONLY FEMALE WHO
RULED MUSLIM DYNASTY .
  BUT A LOT OF PROTESTS OCCURRED IN
HER EMPIRE BECAUSE NO ONE WANTED A
FEMALE EMPEROR .
 HE SUPRESSED ALL THE PROTESTS
PERFECTLY
 HE APOINTED “ YAKUT “ WHO WAS A NON
TURKISH TO A HIGH POSITION .
 A SERIOUS REBELLION BROKE OUT IN
BATHINDA , THE GOVERNOR OF
BATHINDA , ALTUNIA , REFUSED TO
SUBMIT TO RAZIA.
 HE KILLED YAKUT AND IMPRISONS RAZIA
BUT LATER RAZIA MARRIES ALTUNIA AND
THEY BOTH HEAD TO DELHI .
 BUT IN 1240 AD HE WAS KILLED ON HER
WAY NEAR KAITHAL .

GIASUDIN BALBAN
 HE KILLED ALL THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF
ILLTUTMISH .
 HE WAS HIMSELF MEMBER OF SLAVE
DYNASTY “ CHAHLGANI “ SO HE
ABOLISHED THAT .
 HE MADE A STRONG ARMY NAMED “
DIWAN AE AARAZ” .
 HE DECLARED SULTAN AS MESSENGER OF
GOD AND STARTED HONOUR OF “ JILL AE
ILLAHI “ ( MEANS MESSENGER OF GOD)
AND
“ NIABAT AE KHUDIE” ( MEANS DEPUTY OF
GOD).
  HE STOPPED LAUGHING , BULLYING AND
DRINKING ALCOHOL IN COURT .
 HE STARTED A NEW SYSTEM SIJDA AND
PIEBOS TO EMPEROR ( MEANS KISS THE
HAND AND FEET OF EMPEROR ).
 HE STARTED CELEBRATING FESTIVAL OF
NAEROZ AND FOLLOWED “ BLOOD AND
IRON “ RITUAL .
 HE MADE HIS COUSIN BROTHER
SHERKHAN AS GOVERNOR OF SIRHIND .
 SHERKHAN SUCCESSFULLY DEFEATED
MONGOLIANS . HE SLOWLY BECAME
POWERFUL SO BALBAN GOT WORRIED
THAT HE WILL TRY TO BECOME NEW
EMPEROR . SO HE KILLED SHERKHAN BY
GIVING HIM POISON AND MADE HIS SON
GOVERNOR OF SIRHIND . SOON HIS SON
DIED IN FIGHT AGAINST MONGOLESE.

KAIKUBAD
 BALBAN’S GRANDSON WAS GIVEN
THRONE BY KOTWAL FAKHRUDDIN OF
DELHI .
 BUT HE WAS KILLED BY JALALUDIN KHILJI .
KHILJI DYNASTY
 FOUNDER WAS JALALUDDIN KHILJI .
 HE APPOINTED HIS SON – IN – LAW “ ALAU-UD-
DIN KHILJI “ AS GOVERNOR OF KARA .
ALAUDDIN KHILJI ( 1296-1316 )
  HE KILLED HIS FATHER-IN-LAW
JALALUDDIN KHILJI IN 1296 AND BECAME
EMPEROR.
 HE WANTED TO RULE WHOLE INDIA LIKE
SIKANDER SO TO GAIN MORE MONEY HE
INCREASED TAX ON FARMERS TO ½.
 HE REJECTED THE ADVICE OF “ QAZI
MUGHISUDIN “ TO ACT ACCORDING TO
SHARIA LAWS .
 STARTED SPY SERVICE.
 HIS COMMANDER WAS MALIK KAFUR .
 HE INTRODUCED THE SYSTEM OF DAAG
AND CHEHRA SO THAT NO ONE TAKE
SALARY AGAIN.
 HE IMPLEMENTED JIZYA TAX.
 HE INTRODUCED NEW POST MUSTAKHRAJ(
REVENUE COLLECTOR)
 ESTABLISHED SAHANA MANDI AND
“SARAI-I-ADAL” NEAR DELHI.
 HE GOT TITLE OF “SIKANDER-E-SHANI”.
 HIS COURT POET WAS AMIR KHUSRO WHO
IS CALLED “ TOTA-E-HIND” BECAUSE HE
INVENTED TABLA AND HIS FAMOUS BOOK
IS “TARIQE-E-ILAHI”.
TUGHLUQ DYNASTY
 FOUNDER WAS GIYASUDDIN TUGHLAQ
ALSO CALLED GHAZI MALIK.
 HE WAS FIRST SULTAN OF DELHI WHO
TOOK TITLE OF GHAZI ( MEANS KILLER OF
INFIDELS).
  HE FOUNDED CITY TUGHAQABAD NEAR
DELHI AND MADE HIS CAPITAL.
 THE SUFI SANT SHAIKH “ NIZAMUDDIN
OLIYA” SAID ABOUT HIM “HUNUZ-DILLI-
DUR-AST”(MEANING DILLI ABHI DOOR
HAI)
 IN 1325 HE DIED
MOHMD. BIN TUGLAQ
 ORIGINAL NAME WAS JAUNA.
 HE WAS VERY KNOWLEGABLE PERSON .
HE LEARNED MANY LANGUAGES LIKE
ARAB , PERSIAN ETC. HE KNEWED
CALIGRAPHY, SCIENCE , MATHEMATICS ,
MEDICINE ETC.
 HE INCREASED TAX IN DOAB REGION.
 HE SHIFTED HIS CAPITAL FROM DELHI TO
DEVGIRI( MAHARASHTRA) AND CHANGED
ITS NAME TO DAULATABAD LATER
SHIFTED AGAIN TO DELHI .
 HE STARTED TOKEN MUDRA STOPPED
GOLD AND SILVER COINS.
 IBN-BATUTA A PILGRIM FROM MOROCCO
CAME TO DELHI IN 1334 AND SERVED AS
QAZI IN HIS STATE . HE WROTE A BOOK
RAHELA ( SAFARNAMA) IN WHICH HE
WROTE ABOHAR IS THE FIRST CITY OF
INDIA.
FIROZ SHAH TUGLAQ
 HE WAS COUSIN OF MOHMD. BIN TUGHLAQ.
 HE MADE AND REPAIRED MANY CANALS
  SUTLEJ TO GHAGGAR
 YAMUNA TO HISAR
 HE IMPOSED IRRIGATION TAX “ HAQ-E-SHARB”
OR “HASIL-E-SHARB”.
 HE BUILT NEW TOWNS FATEHABAD , HISAR ,
JAUNPUR, FIROZABAD,FIROZPUR.
 HE MADE A HOSPITAL “DAR-UL-SHIFA” AT
DELHI.
 HIS COURT POET WAS ZIAUDDIN BARANI AND
WROTE BOOKS FATWA-E-JAHANDARI ,
TARIKHA-E-FIROZ SHAHI”
 HE ALSO WROTE “FATWA-E-FIROZ
SHAHI”(AUTOBIOGRAPHY)
TIMUR’S INVASION
 TIMUR INVADED INDIA IN 1398 DURING REIGN
OF NASRUDDIN TUGHLAQ( LAST RULER OF
TUGHLAQ).
 TIMUR WAS DESCENDENT OF CHENGZ KHAN.
 HE NOMINATED KHIZR KHAN TO RULE PUNJAB.
KHIZR KHAN ( SAYED DYNASTY)
 HE MADE SULTAN SHAH LODHI AS GOVERNOR
OF PUNJAB.
 HE GOT TITLE OF “RAYAT E AALA”( MEANS
NOT EMPEROR).
 THEN HE MADE TAIMUR’S SON MIRZA
SHAHRUKH AS NEW EMPEROR AND STILL
WORKED UNDER HIM.
 ALAM SHAH WAS LAST SAYED RULER
LODHI DYNASTY
  BAHLOL LODHI WAS FOUNDER AND HE WAS
FIRST AFGHAN DYNASTY.
 HE USE TO SIT ON CARPET WITH HIS OFFICERS
.
 HE APPOINTED TATAR KHAN AS GOVERNOR OF
PUNJAB BUT TATAR KHAN REBELL AGAINST
BAHLOL LODHI.
 THEN BAHLOL LODHI SENT HIS SON NIZAM
KHAN TO FIGHT WITH HIM AS TATAR KHAN
GOT KILLED DURING LODHI WAR.
SIKANDER LODHI
 NIZAM KHAN’S NAME WAS SIKANDER
LODHI.
 HE MADE A NEW CITY AGRA AND
MADE IT HIS CAPITAL.
 PEN NAME-GULRUKHI
 GAJ-E-SIKANDRI WAS INTRODUCED
TO MEASURE FIELDS.
 HE WAS STAUNCH MUSLIM AS HE
SMASHED THE SACRED IMAGES OF
JAWALAMUKHI TEMPLE AT NAGARKOT
AND ORDERED DESTRUCTION OF
TEMPLES AT MATHURA.
 SIKANDAR LODHI APPOINTED DOLAT
KHAN LODHI ( SON OF TATAR KHAN)
AS GOVERNOR OF PUNJAB.

IBRAHIM LODHI
 IBRAHIM LODHI WAS THE LAST RULER OF
LODHI DYNASTY.
 DAULAT KHAN LODHI ( GOVERNOR OF
PUNJAB) ALONG WITH IBRAHIM LODHI’S
STEP BROTHER ALAM KHAN LODHI
STARTED DREAMING OF INDEPENDENT
RULE.
 THEN IBRAHIM LODHI CAPTURED DAULAT
KHAN LODHI’S SON DILAWAR KHAN
LODHI.
 THEN DAULAT KHAN LODHI INVITED
BABUR TO OVERTHROW IBRAHIM LODHI.
 IBRAHIM LODHI WAS KILLED BY BABUR IN
FIRST BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN 1526.
 HIS TOMB IS IN PANIPAT.