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Yogic Beads in the Indus Valley Tapestry: A Scholarly Exploration

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Sandeep Singh Bipin Dubey

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 Yogic Beads in the Indus Valley Tapestry: A Scholarly Exploration
Sandeep Singh & Bipin Dubey*

Assistant Professor,
Department of Yoga Science
University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand
drbipin.dubey@uop.edu.in
Mobile No.: +91-798-503-0312

Abstract:
Background: This abstract deals with the archaeological evidence pointing to the existence of
yogic practices within the Indus Valley Civilization, shedding light on the spiritual and cultural
dimensions of this ancient Indian society. Drawing upon the discoveries at Harappa &
Mohenjodaro, this exploration incorporates scholarly perspectives and references to deepen
ones understanding of the yogic elements embedded in the artefacts and depictions of the Indus
Valley.
Survey: Archaeological excavations have unearthed seals and artefacts showcasing
anthropomorphic figures engaged in what appears to be yogic postures. Notably, seated
positions reminiscent of meditation poses, including the iconic Padmāsana, suggest a
sophisticated understanding of the intimate connection between physical alignment and
spiritual well-being among the inhabitants of the Indus Valley (Kenoyer, 2017). The findings
provide valuable insights into the daily rituals and cultural practices that integrated yoga into
the fabric of this ancient India civilization.
Results: The meticulous urban planning of the Indus Valley cities, exemplified by well-
organized streets and advanced drainage systems, reflects a society that valued harmony and
order (Possehl, 2002). The organized framework, and discovery of public baths implies an
emphasis on cleanliness and potentially, the purifying rituals inherent in yogic practices
(Meadow & Kenoyer, 2001). These aspects contribute to a nuanced understanding of the
holistic approach to health and well-being in the ancient Indus Valley.
Discussion: The presence of proto-Śivā symbols and depictions resembling Paśupati,
introduces a spiritual dimension to the Indus Valley Civilization (Ratnagar, 2016). Paśupati is
depicted in yogic postures, surrounded by animals, suggesting a profound connection between
spiritual practices and a reverence for the natural world. This synthesis of spirituality and
ecological awareness resonates with core yogic principles emphasizing the interconnectedness
of all life forms.
Conclusion: The archaeological evidence of yogic practices within the Indus Valley
Civilization offers a window into the spiritual consciousness of an ancient society. This abstract
incorporates scholarly references to discover and emphasize the significance of recent findings
at key archaeological sites, providing a comprehensive overview of the yogic beads intricately
woven into the tapestry of the Indus Valley’s cultural heritage. As one unravels these ancient
secrets, one gains not only a deeper appreciation for the roots of yoga but also insights into the
holistic worldview of a civilization that predates classical yoga traditions.
Keywords: Yoga, Indus valley civilization, History of yoga, Ancient Indian civilization
 Yogic Beads in the Indus Valley Tapestry: A Scholarly Exploration
Introduction: The exploration of yogic practices within the ancient Indus Valley Civilization
represents a fascinating journey into the historical, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of one of
the world’s earliest civilizations. The ancient Indus Valley Civilization, spanning from
approximately 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, has long been a subject of fascination for scholars
exploring the roots of human civilization (Parpola, 2015) and the evidence of yogic practices
has left an indelible mark on archaeological findings (Singleton, 2010). Among the rich
tapestry of artefacts unearthed from this ancient civilization, the presence of yogic practices
has emerged as a compelling area of scholarly inquiry. The exploration of yogic practices
within the Indus Valley unveils a nuanced understanding of the cultural, spiritual, and historical
dimensions that shaped the lives of its inhabitants.
Historical Context: To understand the significance of yogic practices in the Indus Valley,
one must delve into the historical foundations of this ancient civilization. Sir John
Marshall’s (1931) work, as evidenced in his seminal publication “Mohenjo-daro and the
Indus Civilization,” laid the groundwork for subsequent scholarly investigations into the
cultural intricacies of this ancient civilization (Marsh, 2021). The historical context provides
a lens through which scholars can interpret the societal frameworks that potentially fostered
the development of yogic practices.
Archaeological Discoveries: Archaeological findings play a pivotal role in unraveling the
mysteries of yogic practices in the Indus Valley. Archaeological excavations at key sites
such as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa have yielded artefacts that provide valuable insights
into the prevalence of yogic practices in the Indus Valley Civilization. Kenoyer (2006) has
meticulously examined artefacts and architectural remains to discern evidence of yogic
activities. From seals portraying individuals in human-like yogic postures to structures
hinting at ritualistic bathing, these discoveries offer tangible glimpses into the physical
manifestations of yoga in an ancient context. featuring figures in postures reminiscent of
yogic poses, suggesting an early engagement with physical and spiritual discipline (Figure
1 & 2).
Iconography and Symbolism: The exploration of symbols of yogic practices embedded in
the iconography of the Indus Valley seals contributes significantly to our understanding of
yogic practices. Parpola (1994) deciphered the Indus script, provides valuable insights into
the symbolic representations on seals that may be connected to yogic traditions. The
presence of animal motifs, particularly the sacred fig tree and the cosmic bull, adds another
layer of symbolism to the yogic practices of the Indus Valley Civilization (Caspers, 1992).
These symbols are thought to be indicative of a cosmological worldview, suggesting a
holistic integration of nature and spirituality into the fabric of daily life Understanding the
symbolic language embedded in artefacts allows scholars to grasp the spiritual and
philosophical underpinnings of yogic practices in the cultural fabric of the Indus Valley.
Ritualistic and Devotional Aspects: The scholarly inquiry into yogic practices in the Indus
Valley delves into the ritualistic and devotional aspects inherent in these ancient traditions.
Historians examined the standardized arrangements of beads as potential tools for
meditation highlights the ritualistic nature of yogic practices as shown in figure 3 (Kenoyer,
2006 and Patil, 2023). This exploration expands one’s comprehension of the spiritual
landscape of the ancient Indus Valley, revealing practices that were deeply embedded in
daily life. The standardized arrangement of 108 beads, a number of deep symbolic
significance in later Indian traditions, hints at a structured and devotional approach to
meditation or prayer within the ancient civilization (Gudrun, 2012 & Rao et al., 2016). The
 convergence of yogic practices with broader ritualistic traditions underscores the integral
role of yoga within the cultural and spiritual ethos of the civilization. These architectural
elements suggest that the inhabitants of the Indus Valley engaged in elaborate ceremonies
and devotional activities, possibly incorporating yogic elements into their rituals (Possehl,
2002).
Yogic Practices and Cosmology: The cosmological dimensions of yogic practices in the
Indus Valley provide another layer of scholarly exploration. Insights from scholars, who has
delved into the intersections between yoga and cosmology in ancient Indian traditions,
contribute to situating yogic practices within broader cosmic ideologies (White, 2012; Vahia
& Menon, 2011). This holistic perspective aids in understanding the profound connection
between yogic practices and the cosmological worldview of the Indus Valley Civilization.
The alignment of yogic engagement with cosmic symbolism as shown in figure 4, reinforces
the notion that these practices were not merely physical exercises but integral components
of a broader spiritual quest for understanding one’s place within the cosmos.
Contemporary Relevance and Interpretations:
Beyond the exploration of antiquity, scholars are increasingly recognizing the contemporary
relevance of yogic practices in the Indus Valley. David Frawley, in his work on Yoga and
Ayurveda, emphasizes the continuity of yogic traditions from ancient times to the present,
underscoring their adaptability and enduring legacy (Frawley, 2014 & Sharma 2016). This
contemporary lens enriches the scholarly discourse, demonstrating the timeless and
adaptable nature of yogic practices.
Discussion: The scholarly exploration of yogic practices in the Indus Valley unveils a complex
tapestry of cultural, spiritual, and historical dimensions. The combination of historical context,
archaeological discoveries, symbolic interpretations, and cosmological perspectives
contributes to a holistic understanding of yoga’s ancient roots in the Indus Valley Civilization
(Kineman & Anand, 2014). The cities themselves were meticulously planned, showcasing an
understanding of the harmony between human existence and the natural world. The symbolic
representations of animals, especially the revered bull, point towards a reverence for nature
that resonates with the yogic principle of interconnectedness. The presence of the ‘Paśupati
Seal,’ depicting a seated figure surrounded by animals, is a compelling symbol that hints at the
early roots of Śivā, a central deity in yogic traditions. The unicorn, often found in artefacts, is
associated with divinity and represents a cosmic symbol of spiritual awakening. Ritualistic
practices, as suggested by fire altars and sacrificial pits, echo the transformative fire of self-
discipline and purification in yogic philosophy. Meditation, a cornerstone of modern yoga, was
evidently a means of connecting with the higher self and attaining a state of inner tranquility.
The prevalence of yoga poses such as Padmāsana (Lotus Pose) and Siddhāsana (Perfect Pose)
suggests an emphasis on seated meditation as a tool for self-realization. The precision in
construction, alignment with celestial events, and the presence of public and private bathing
areas indicate a deeper spiritual significance. These elements resonate with yogic principles of
balance, harmony, and the quest for cosmic order. The geometrical urban planning, emphasis
on cleanliness, and the integration of green spaces speak to a holistic approach to well-being.
This holistic perspective aligns with the broader philosophy of yoga, which encompasses
physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions. As one unravels the layers of time and explore the
yogic practices of the Indus Valley Civilization, one can find a profound source of inspiration.
Conclusion: This particular article reveals the multifaceted nature of scholarly exploration into
yogic practices in the Indus Valley. From historical foundations and archaeological discoveries
to iconography, symbolism, and contemporary interpretations, researchers have approached
this subject with diverse perspectives. Archaeological discoveries, iconographic
interpretations, and insights from esteemed scholars collectively contribute to a nuanced
understanding of yoga’s ancient roots. The ritualistic aspects, devotion, and cosmological
perspectives embedded in yogic practices reveal a sophisticated civilization that integrated
spiritual disciplines into the very fabric of daily life. As ongoing excavations and
interdisciplinary collaborations continue to enrich our understanding, the scholarly discourses
on yogic practices in the Indus Valley remains dynamic, offering profound insights into the
origins and evolution of yoga in ancient times. The new findings would offer profound insights
into the early origins and enduring legacy of yoga and its practices. The echoes of this ancient
wisdom resonate with the very essence of yoga as a path to self-discovery, inner harmony, and
spiritual evolution.
References:
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Study. In: 7th International Day of Yoga. Ekatm, JNU, 15 – 19.
Frawley, D. (2014). Yoga and Ayurveda: Self-healing and self-realization. Lotus Press.
Gudrun, B. (2012). The significance of the number 108. Journal of Indian Psychology, 30(2),
1-12.
Kenoyer, J. M. (2006). The Indus Valley tradition of yoga and asceticism. In Yoga: The Indian
Tradition, edited by Ian Whicher and David Carpenter, 16-34. Routledge.
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Figure 1: Great ancient bath, Mohenjo-daro; Figure 2: Yogic posture on the seal of Indus Valley Civilization
(credits: Dubey et al., 2021)

Figure 3: showing the yogic beads and other artefacts for yoga
practices and meditation (credits: Patil, 2023)
 Figure 4: Possible association of Harappan seal with the night sky at sunset at the onset of the monsoon
season (Credits: Vahia & Menon, 2013)

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