ICT: Part 1

Anuj Jindal
 ABOUT US

Anujjindal.in is an educational platform to help students prepare for some of the most
competitive and esteemed government examinations in India.
Set-up in 2016 as an online education platform, providing guidance for the following
examinations

- RBI Grade B
- SEBI Grade A
- NABARD Grade A & B
- UPSC Management
- UGC NET JRF Paper 1
- UGC NET JRF Paper 2 (Commerce & Management)
- CTET & DSSSB

The company has an impressive YouTube outreach of 1.20 Lakh Subscribers.

We also publish books on UGC NET JRF, RBI, SEBI & NABARD examinations.
The aim is to help increase access of education using high-end technology, while
maintaining excellence in quality of education.
The company combines the two most important factors behind a successful education
System - Access & Quality using it to create a portal that is unparalleled.
 KEY BENEFITS OF OUR COURSES

Our course structure includes a lot of perks that are otherwise

unavailable elsewhere.
It is a comprehensive guide to help you crack the paper & secure your
dream position.

We provide personal solutions all queries using a Telegram group wherein Anuj
Jindal himself will clarify your doubts.
We curate the learning strategies of past year toppers to help you learn from the success
of the best
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

1. WHAT IS ICT?
• ICT is an acronym which stands for INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY.
• It was coined by Stevenson in 1997.
• ICT deals with technology and covers all the technologies which are used in
it.
• It deals with storage, communication and processing.
• It includes all those things which store, retrieve or receive any information in
a digital form.
• For example: computers, digital TVs, Radio, Internet, emails.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
ICT:

ADVANTAGES OF ICT:

• ICT has changed the way how people see the world in last two decades. It has
enhanced the business and personal lives of the people.
• Better Communication: It saves time and money because it is much quicker
to share information around.
• Cost Effectiveness: the devices under ICT are far cheaper now than in the
past. Such as skype, twitter, facebook etc.
• Greater Availability: the websites are always available for communication
every moment.
• Creating jobs: one of the most important advantage of ICT. It has created new
and interesting jobs in IT sector.
• Computers: It has helped the individuals in fast access to every information
and gaining knowledge. It has high speed, accuracy, versatility and large
storage capacity which makes work easy.
• TV’s and Radios: They help in providing updated and current information to
the people. They are cheap and are part of passive media (can use them while
doing anything).
• Newspapers and periodicals: These tools help individuals gaining
information about current political, social, economic and cultural aspects of the
world. They are also cheap and easily accessible.
DISADVANTAGES OF ICT:

• Lack of Security and Privacy: ICT has also brought privacy and security
issues. Such as email hacking, phone signal interception etc.
• Unemployment: due to excess use of computers and electronics the human
labor is getting ignored therefore increase in unemployment.
• Computers: they are taking place of humans in the job field. Hence replacing
individuals and increasing unemployment in the society.
• Cyber Bulling: it has become so easy to bully and mock people in social
media all over the world. There have been so many cases regarding cyber
bullying with harmful consequences today.

USES OF ICT:

• ICT IN EDUCATION: ICT can be a very crucial tool for every single subject of
the curriculum if used properly. It is used to enhance existing teaching and
learning practices with new tools.
• It promotes good quality of education and enable education reforms. It
empowers teachers and learners with new skills. It helps in motivation for
learning.
• For example: new ways of training like Computer assisted instruction and
Computer based training.
• ICT IN BUSINESS: ICT has become very popular in the business field. It has
permeated now in all aspects of business and the economy. It is known to be
the significant tool to increase profit and productivity.
• IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE: ICT is very crucial for science
and medicine field. The scientists easily conduct their research more effectively
with the help of computers.
 • Along with this, medicine field has also become electronically driven and
computer based. Computers are used for planning and control purposes by
health professionals.

2.BASICS OF COMPUTER:

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

• A computer is an electronic and programmable machine, constituting a

major part of ICT.
• Computer is a Latin word which means Compute.
• It’s a calculation machine which responds to particular sets of instructions in a
well-defined manner.
• It is an electronic device which keeps records of plenty of documents.
FOUR FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER:

INPUT

FOUR
STORAGE
FUNCTIONS PROCESSING
OF
COMPUTER:

OUTPUT

• These are the four most important functions of computer-

• Firstly, Input is the raw information which enters the computer from the input
devices.
• Secondly, Process is the operation of data as per given instruction.
• Thirdly, after data processing Output is the processed data which is given by
computer.
• Lastly, Storage is the area where data can be kept on permanent basis.
SIX ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER:

PEOPLE

CONNECTIVITY PROCEDURE

ELEMENTS
OF
COMPUTER

DATA SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

These are the 6 important elements of Computer-

• People: they are the one who operate the computer system.
• Procedure: these are written in the hardware and software manuals.
• Software: these are the parts that do not have physical existence. They
process data into useful information for its users.
• Hardware: these are the parts that have physical existence which you can feel
and touch.
 • DATA: It includes all the texts, numbers, sounds, images and videos that one
puts into the computer for processing.
• Connectivity: internet connectivity is very important to share and access data
from all over the world.

POTENTIALS OF COMPUTER:

HIGH
SPEED

COMMUNICATE STORAGE
POTENTIALS
OF
COMPUTER

CONSISTENT RELIABILITY

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE:

HARDWARE:
• These are the parts that have physical existence which you can feel and touch.
• For example: such as MOUSE, CPU, Keyboard and scanner.
• Hardware consist of INPUT DEVICE and OUTPUT DEVICE.
INPUT DEVICES:
• those device through which we can enter data instruction into the computer.
• Or we can say it’s an electronic device that is used to enter data and instructions
into a computer.

TYPES OF INPUT DEVICE:

• KEYBOARD: it’s a device which is recognized as a layout of keys. It has

number of keys such as typewriter keyboard (A to Z) with numeric keypad (0-
9), functional keys (FI-F12) and special keys.

• POINTING DEVICES: the devices which are used to control a pointer. Such
as MOUSE, TRACKBALL, POINTING STICK, JOY STICK, TOUCH PAD,
TOUCH SCREEN, LIGHT PEN etc.

• MOUSE: it is the pointing device i.e. used to control the position of cursor on
the screen. There are two types of mouse i.e. Mechanical Mouse, Cordless or
wireless Mouse and Optical Mouse.

• OPTICAL INPUT DEVICES: it uses light as a source of input. No need for

manual entry of data in it. Such as Scanner, Flatbed, Portable Bar Code
Reader.

• SCANNERS: they are used to copy the images or texts from paper into a
digital form that can be used by the computer.
 • BAR CODE READERS (BCR): it is a device which is used for reading printed
barcodes with a light beam across the Bar Code.

• AUDIO INPUTS: it records the analog sound and convert it into digital form for
further processing. For example: Voice Recognition, Microphone, Musical
Instrument Digital.

• VIDEO INPUTS: these are the devices which can be used to enter full motion
recording into the computer. For example: Digital Camera, Video Capture
Card.

• Others Input Devices are Biometric device, Web Cam, OMR (Optical Mark
Reader), OCR (Optical Character Reader), MICR (Magnetic Link Character
Reader), Card Readers, Graphic Tablets & Styles, Smart Pen and
Microphones.

OUTPUT DEVICES:
• These are the devices through which users can get output or information from
the computer such as CRT Monitor, TFT Monitor, Laser Printer, Inkjet
Printer, Dot Matrix Printer, Speaker, Plotters, Multimedia Projectors.

TYPES OF OUTPUT DEVICES:

• MONITOR (VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT): it is a device which shows computer

output on a screen. The output on screen is called as SOFT COPY.
• FEATURES OF MONITOR:
• RESOLUTION: the number of pixels per inch is known as resolution (1
mega pixel = 1 million pixel). Pixel is the smallest unit of monitor. Every
 pixel has 3 color dots i.e., RGB (RED, GREEN, BLUE). The resolution can
be measured in terms of DPI (Dots per Inch) and PPI (Pixel Per Inch).
• TYPES OF MONITORS:
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• Liquid Emissions Diode (LED).

• PRINTER: it’s a device that produces the hard copy or physical copy of the
output.

TYPES OF PRINTERS:
• IMPACT PRINTERS: these are the first-generation printers. There is
mechanical contact between paper and printing head in impact printers. For
example, typewriters, Dot Matrix Printer, Daisy Wheel Printer. These
printers are cheap but time consuming and their quality is poor.
• NON-IMPACT PRINTERS: there is no mechanical relationship between paper
and printing head. For example: Laser Printer, Ink-Jet Printer and Thermal
Printer.
• Printers work on the principle of WYSIWYG i.e., WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT
YOU GET.
• PROJECTORS: these devices are used to display computer information on
big screen.
• PLOTTER: It is a device which is used to produce high quality graphics in
different colors. They are also used to draw architecture, coding, maps
etc.
• TYPES OF PLOTTERS:
• FLATBED PLOTTERS
• DRUM PLOTTER.

• AUDIO OUTPUT DEVICE: these are used to translate audio information from
computers into sound in such a way that can be understood by all. There are
Speakers and Headphones which are used for it.
• Other output devices are Fax Machines, Multifunction Devices, Internet
Telephones and Terminals.
Check our website www.anujjindal in for enrolment, Course details and other
updates!

Or

Log on to our mobile application.

“HALL OF FAME”
 RBI

550+ Students cleared RBI Phase 1

300+ Students clear RBI Phase 2
48 Students got selected in RBI
SEBI
NABARD
UGC NET JRF