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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION 5)
TECHNOLOGY PART 1.
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY PART 1.
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
1. WHAT IS ICT?
• ICT is an acronym which stands for INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY.
• It was coined by Stevenson in 1997.
• ICT deals with technology and covers all the technologies which are used in it.
• It deals with storage, communication and processing.
• It includes all those things which store, retrieve or receive any information in a digital
form.
• For example: computers, digital TVs, Radio, Internet, emails.
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COMPUTERS
AUDIO
ICT
E-MAIL VISUAL
includes: SYSTEM
INTERNET
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
ICT:
ADVANTAGES OF ICT:
• ICT has changed the way how people see the world in last two decades. It has
enhanced the business and personal lives of the people.
• Better Communication: It saves time and money because it is much quicker to share
information around.
• Cost Effectiveness: the devices under ICT are far cheaper now than in the past. Such
as skype, twitter, facebook etc.
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• Greater Availability: the websites are always available for communication every
moment.
• Creating jobs: one of the most important advantage of ICT. It has created new and
interesting jobs in IT sector.
• Computers: It has helped the individuals in fast access to every information and
gaining knowledge. It has high speed, accuracy, versatility and large storage capacity
which makes work easy.
• TV’s and Radios: They help in providing updated and current information to the
people. They are cheap and are part of passive media (can use them while doing
anything).
• Newspapers and periodicals: These tools help individuals gaining information about
current political, social, economic and cultural aspects of the world. They are also
cheap and easily accessible.
DISADVANTAGES OF ICT:
• Lack of Security and Privacy: ICT has also brought privacy and security issues. Such
as email hacking, phone signal interception etc.
• Unemployment: due to excess use of computers and electronics the human labor is
getting ignored therefore increase in unemployment.
• Computers: they are taking place of humans in the job field. Hence replacing
individuals and increasing unemployment in the society.
• Cyber Bulling: it has become so easy to bully and mock people in social media all over
the world. There have been so many cases regarding cyber bullying with harmful
consequences today.
USES OF ICT:
• ICT IN EDUCATION: ICT can be a very crucial tool for every single subject of the
curriculum if used properly. It is used to enhance existing teaching and learning
practices with new tools.
• It promotes good quality of education and enable education reforms. It empowers
teachers and learners with new skills. It helps in motivation for learning.
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• For example: new ways of training like Computer assisted instruction and Computer
based training.
• ICT IN BUSINESS: ICT has become very popular in the business field. It has permeated
now in all aspects of business and the economy. It is known to be the significant tool
to increase profit and productivity.
• IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE: ICT is very crucial for science and medicine
field. The scientists easily conduct their research more effectively with the help of
computers.
• Along with this, medicine field has also become electronically driven and computer
based. Computers are used for planning and control purposes by health
professionals.
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2.BASICS OF COMPUTER:
A. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
• A computer is an electronic and programmable machine, constituting a major part of
ICT.
• Computer is a Latin word which means Compute.
• It’s a calculation machine which responds to particular sets of instructions in a well-
defined manner.
• It is an electronic device which keeps records of plenty of documents.
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B. FOUR FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER:
INPUT
FOUR
STORAGE
FUNCTIONS PROCESSING
OF
COMPUTER:
OUTPUT
• These are the four most important functions of computer-
• Firstly, Input is the raw information which enters the computer from the input
devices.
• Secondly, Process is the operation of data as per given instruction.
• Thirdly, after data processing Output is the processed data which is given by
computer.
• Lastly, Storage is the area where data can be kept on permanent basis.
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C. SIX ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER:
PEOPLE
CONNECTIVITY PROCEDURE
ELEMENTS
OF
COMPUTER
DATA SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
These are the 6 important elements of Computer-
• People: they are the one who operate the computer system.
• Procedure: these are written in the hardware and software manuals.
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• Software: these are the parts that do not have physical existence. They process data
into useful information for its users.
• Hardware: these are the parts that have physical existence which you can feel and
touch.
• DATA: It includes all the texts, numbers, sounds, images and videos that one puts into
the computer for processing.
• Connectivity: internet connectivity is very important to share and access data from all
over the world.
D. POTENTIALS OF COMPUTER:
HIGH
SPEED
COMMUNICATE STORAGE
POTENTIALS
OF
COMPUTER
CONSISTENT RELIABILITY
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E. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE:
HARDWARE:
• These are the parts that have physical existence which you can feel and touch.
• For example: such as MOUSE, CPU, Keyboard and scanner.
• Hardware consist of INPUT DEVICE and OUTPUT DEVICE.
INPUT DEVICES:
• those device through which we can enter data instruction into the computer.
• Or we can say it’s an electronic device that is used to enter data and instructions into a
computer.
TYPES OF INPUT DEVICE:
- KEYBOARD: it’s a device which is recognized as a layout of keys. It has number of
keys such as typewriter keyboard (A to Z) with numeric keypad (0-9), functional keys
(FI-F12) and special keys.
- POINTING DEVICES: the devices which are used to control a pointer. Such as
MOUSE, TRACKBALL, POINTING STICK, JOY STICK, TOUCH PAD, TOUCH SCREEN,
LIGHT PEN etc.
- MOUSE: it is the pointing device i.e. used to control the position of cursor on the
screen. There are two types of mouse i.e. Mechanical Mouse, Cordless or wireless
Mouse and Optical Mouse.
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- OPTICAL INPUT DEVICES: it uses light as a source of input. No need for manual entry
of data in it. Such as Scanner, Flatbed, Portable Bar Code Reader.
- SCANNERS: they are used to copy the images or texts from paper into a digital form
that can be used by the computer.
- BAR CODE READERS (BCR): it is a device which is used for reading printed barcodes
with a light beam across the Bar Code.
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- AUDIO INPUTS: it records the analog sound and convert it into digital form for
further processing. For example: Voice Recognition, Microphone, Musical
Instrument Digital.
- VIDEO INPUTS: these are the devices which can be used to enter full motion
recording into the computer. For example: Digital Camera, Video Capture Card.
- Others Input Devices are Biometric device, Web Cam, OMR (Optical Mark Reader),
OCR (Optical Character Reader), MICR (Magnetic Link Character Reader), Card
Readers, Graphic Tablets & Styles, Smart Pen and Microphones.
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OUTPUT DEVICES:
• These are the devices through which users can get output or information from the
computer such as CRT Monitor, TFT Monitor, Laser Printer, Inkjet Printer, Dot
Matrix Printer, Speaker, Plotters, Multimedia Projectors.
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TYPES OF OUTPUT DEVICES:
• MONITOR (VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT): it is a device which shows computer output on a
screen. The output on screen is called as SOFT COPY.
- FEATURES OF MONITOR:
- RESOLUTION: the number of pixels per inch is known as resolution (1 mega pixel =
1 million pixel). Pixel is the smallest unit of monitor. Every pixel has 3 color dots
i.e. RGB (RED, GREEN, BLUE). The resolution can be measured in terms of DPI (Dots
per Inch) and PPI (Pixel Per Inch).
- TYPES OF MONITORS:
- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
- Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
- Liquid Emissions Diode (LED).
• PRINTER: it’s a device that produces the hard copy or physical copy of the output.
• TYPES OF PRINTERS:
• IMPACT PRINTERS: these are the first-generation printers. There is mechanical
contact between paper and printing head in impact printers. For example, type
writers, Dot Matrix Printer, Daisy Wheel Printer. These printers are cheap but time
consuming and their quality is poor.
• NON-IMPACT PRINTERS: there is no mechanical relationship between paper and
printing head. For example: Laser Printer, Ink-Jet Printer and Thermal Printer.
• Printers work on the principle of WYSIWYG I.e. WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET.
• PROJECTORS: these devices are used to display computer information on big screen.
• PLOTTER: It is a device which is used to produce high quality graphics in different
colors. They are also used to draw architecture, coding, maps etc.
• TYPES OF PLOTTERS:
- FLATBED PLOTTERS
- DRUM PLOTTER.
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• AUDIO OUTPUT DEVICE: these are used to translate audio information from
computers into sound in such a way that can be understood by all. There are
Speakers and Headphones which are used for it.
• Other output devices are Fax Machines, Multifunction Devices, Internet Telephones
and Terminals.
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