Petro

1. Which of the following feedstocks is primarily derived from renewable sources?

A) Ethanol
B) Naphtha
C) Propane
D) Gasoline
Answer: A) Ethanol
2. Which feedstock is considered a major source of aromatics in petrochemical
production?
A) Ethane
B) Propane
C) Toluene
D) Butane
Answer: C) Toluene
3. What is the main environmental concern associated with using coal as a feedstock for
petrochemicals?
A) High yield
B) Low cost
C) Greenhouse gas emissions
D) Limited availability
Answer: C) Greenhouse gas emissions
4. Which of the following is a common impurity found in natural gas feedstock?
A) Sulfur compounds
B) Water
C) Carbon dioxide
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
5. What technique is commonly used to remove water from hydrocarbon feedstocks?
A) Filtration
B) Dehydration
C) Crystallization
D) Flocculation
Answer: B) Dehydration
6. Which of the following is an effective method for removing carbon dioxide from
natural gas?
A) Amine gas treating
B) Steam reforming
C) Hydrocracking
D) Adsorption
Answer: A) Amine gas treating
7. What is the primary challenge associated with removing nitrogen compounds from
feedstocks?
A) Cost
B) Volatility
C) Stability
D) Chemical reactivity
Answer: A) Cost
8. What is the primary component of LPG?
A) Methane
B) Ethane
 C) Propane and Butane
D) Ethylene
Answer: C) Propane and Butane
9. Which process is primarily used to convert natural gas into CNG?
A) Compression
B) Liquefaction
C) Cracking
D) Distillation
Answer: A) Compression
10. How is NGL typically separated from natural gas?
A) Fractionation
B) Freezing
C) Combustion
D) Filtration
Answer: A) Fractionation
11. Which of the following is a key advantage of using CNG over traditional gasoline?
A) Higher energy content
B) Lower emissions
C) Easier storage
D) Longer range
Answer: B) Lower emissions
12. In steam reforming, what role does steam play?
A) It acts as a coolant
B) It reacts with the feedstock to produce hydrogen
C) It separates impurities
D) It increases the temperature
Answer: B) It reacts with the feedstock to produce hydrogen
13. What is the typical temperature range for the steam reforming reaction?
A) 100-200°C
B) 400-600°C
C) 700-900°C
D) 1000-1200°C
Answer: C) 700-900°C

14. Question 1: Which of the following is considered a first-generation petrochemical

product?
A) Ethylene
B) Polyethylene
C) Styrene
D) Polypropylene
Answer: A) Ethylene
15. What is a major application of propylene in the petrochemical sector?
A) Antifreeze
B) Textile fibers
C) Plastic production
D) Pharmaceuticals
Answer: C) Plastic production
16. Third-generation petrochemical products primarily focus on:
A) Basic chemicals
B) Specialty chemicals and high-performance materials
 C) Fuels
D) Solvents
Answer: B) Specialty chemicals and high-performance materials
17. Which of the following is a common use for polyethylene?
A) Fuel additives
B) Food packaging
C) Paints
D) Adhesives
Answer: B) Food packaging
18. Which of the following is NOT a major application of methanol?
A) Fuel
B) Antifreeze
C) Styrofoam
D) Formaldehyde production
Answer: C) Styrofoam
19. Which of the following is a key byproduct of naphtha cracking?
A) Methane
B) Ethylene
C) Acetylene
D) Butane
Answer: B) Ethylene
20. Which process is primarily used for the production of butadiene from naphtha?
A) Dehydrogenation
B) Cracking
C) Alkylation
D) Polymerization
Answer: B) Cracking
21. What is the primary application of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM)?
A) Fuel
B) Paints and adhesives
C) Solvents
D) Plastics manufacturing
Answer: B) Paints and adhesives
22. Ethylene oxide is mainly produced from which of the following?
A) Propylene
B) Ethylene
C) Butadiene
D) VCM
Answer: B) Ethylene
23. What type of polymer is produced from the polymerization of vinyl chloride?
A) Polyethylene
B) Polystyrene
C) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
D) Polypropylene
Answer: C) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
24. What is one of the main reasons for using ethanolamines in agricultural applications?
A) They are effective herbicides.
B) They act as surfactants and emulsifiers.
C) They enhance soil quality.
D) They are used as fertilizers.
 Answer: B) They act as surfactants and emulsifiers.
25. Acrylonitrile is primarily produced from which petrochemical?
A) Propylene
B) Ethylene
C) Butadiene
D) Methanol
Answer: A) Propylene
26. Which of the following is a significant use of glycerin produced from propylene?
A) Solvent
B) Sweetener
C) Cosmetic formulations
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

27. Which of the following processes is primarily used to produce aromatic

hydrocarbons?
A) Steam cracking
B) Catalytic reforming
C) Hydrocracking
D) Alkylation
Answer: B) Catalytic reforming
28. Which of the following is the most widely used aromatic hydrocarbon?
A) Toluene
B) Xylene
C) Benzene
D) Ethylbenzene
Answer: C) Benzene

29. Which separation technique is commonly used to separate mixed aromatic

compounds?
A) Distillation
B) Filtration
C) Absorption
D) Precipitation
Answer: A) Distillation
30. Which aromatic compound is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of
styrene?
A) Ethylene
B) Toluene
C) Benzene
D) Xylene
Answer: C) Benzene
31. What is a major environmental concern associated with the use of aromatic
hydrocarbons?
A) Their high volatility
B) Their carcinogenic properties
C) Their low energy content
D) Their solubility in water
Answer: B) Their carcinogenic properties
32. Which process is commonly used to produce xylenes?
A) Steam cracking
B) Catalytic reforming
C) Hydrocracking
D) Alkylation
Answer: B) Catalytic reforming
33. What is a significant advantage of producing para-xylene through the isomerization of
meta-xylene?
A) Lower boiling point
B) Higher market value
C) Reduced environmental impact
D) Faster reaction rates
Answer: B) Higher market value
34. Which of the following is a key application of benzene produced from BTX
aromatics?
A) Fuel
B) Solvent in adhesives
C) Production of styrene
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
35. What is the primary use of toluene produced from BTX aromatics?
A) Solvent and fuel additive
B) Production of nylon
C) Antifreeze
D) Plasticizer
Answer: A) Solvent and fuel additive
36. Which catalyst is commonly used in the dealkylation of toluene to produce benzene?
A) Platinum
B) Nickel
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Aluminum chloride
Answer: A) Platinum
37. Styrene is primarily produced from which of the following compounds?
A) Ethylene
B) Propylene
C) Benzene
D) Toluene
Answer: C) Benzene
38. Which reaction is involved in the conversion of phthalic anhydride to phthalic acid?
A) Hydrolysis
B) Reduction
C) Alkylation
D) Oxidation
Answer: A) Hydrolysis

39. Synthetic detergents are primarily classified into which of the following categories?
A) Anionic, cationic, and nonionic
B) Soluble and insoluble
C) Biodegradable and non-biodegradable
D) Natural and synthetic
 Answer: A) Anionic, cationic, and non-ionic
40. Which type of synthetic detergent has a negatively charged hydrophilic head?
A) Anionic detergents
B) Cationic detergents
C) Nonionic detergents
D) Zwitterionic detergents
Answer: A) Anionic detergents
41. Which type of detergent is often milder and less irritating to the skin?
A) Anionic detergents
B) Cationic detergents
C) Nonionic detergents
D) Zwitterionic detergents
Answer: C) Nonionic detergents
42. Which of the following is a disadvantage of anionic detergents?
A) High cost
B) Reduced effectiveness in hard water
C) Toxicity
D) Low biodegradability
Answer: B) Reduced effectiveness in hard water
43. Biodegradable synthetic detergents are preferred because they:
A) Are less effective at cleaning
B) Break down into harmless substances
C) Are more expensive to produce
D) Have a shorter shelf life
Answer: B) Break down into harmless substances
44. Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) is primarily produced through the alkylation of benzene
with which of the following?
A) Naphtha
B) Kerosene
C) Ethylene
D) Propylene
Answer: B) Kerosene
45. What type of catalyst is typically used in the alkylation of benzene to produce LAB?
A) Acidic catalyst
B) Basic catalyst
C) Metal catalyst
D) Enzymatic catalyst
Answer: A) Acidic catalyst
46. What is the main reason for using benzene in the production of Linear Alkyl
Benzene?
A) It is cheaper than kerosene.
B) It enhances the fragrance of detergents.
C) It provides a stable aromatic structure.
D) It acts as a solvent.
Answer: C) It provides a stable aromatic structure.
47. Which of the following is a potential environmental concern associated with the
production of LAB?
A) Toxicity of kerosene
B) Air emissions from alkylation reactions
 C) Wastewater from the process
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
48. The alkylation of benzene with superior kerosene typically results in which type of
alkyl chain?
A) Branched alkyl chain
B) Linear alkyl chain
C) Cyclic alkyl chain
D) Aromatic alkyl chain
Answer: B) Linear alkyl chain
49. What is the primary purpose of additives in synthetic detergents?
A) To enhance cleaning efficiency
B) To change color
C) To increase viscosity
D) To improve fragrance
Answer: A) To enhance cleaning efficiency
50. What is a common function of enzymes in synthetic detergents?
A) Improve fragrance
B) Break down stains
C) Act as preservatives
D) Increase foam production
Answer: B) Break down stains
51. What type of crude oil-derived product is commonly used as a feedstock for
producing benzene?
A) Kerosene
B) Naphtha
C) Diesel
D) Fuel Oil
Answer: B) Naphtha
52. Which petrochemical feedstock is derived from both fossil fuels and renewable
sources?
A) Ethylene
B) Polypropylene
C) Biodiesel
D) Styrene
Answer: C) Biodiesel
53. Which feedstock is primarily used for the production of polyethylene?
A) Butane
B) Ethylene
C) Benzene
D) Toluene
Answer: B) Ethylene
54. What is the primary method for removing sulfur compounds from feedstocks?
A) Adsorption
B) Hydrodesulfurization
C) Distillation
D) Membrane separation
Answer: B) Hydrodesulfurization
55. What is the purpose of using a molecular sieve in feedstock processing?
A) To separate gases based on density
 B) To remove specific impurities
C) To increase yield
D) To enhance color
Answer: B) To remove specific impurities
56. What does LNG stand for?
A) Liquid Natural Gas
B) Liquid Nitrogen Gas
C) Low Natural Gas
D) Light Natural Gas
Answer: A) Liquid Natural Gas
57. Which of the following is primarily used as a fuel for vehicles?
A) LNG
B) NGL
C) CNG
D) LPG
Answer: C) CNG
58. NGL is an abbreviation for which of the following?
A) Natural Gas Liquid
B) Non-Gaseous Liquid
C) Natural Gas Loss
D) Non-Gaseous Liquid
Answer: A) Natural Gas Liquid
59. LNG is generated by cooling natural gas to what temperature (approximately)?
A) -30°C
B) -100°C
C) -162°C
D) -250°C
Answer: C) -162°C
60. Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect among these options?
A) LNG
B) CNG
C) NGL
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above (when combusted, they produce CO₂)
61. What is the primary purpose of steam reforming?
A) To produce electricity
B) To generate synthesis gas (syngas)
C) To refine crude oil
D) To separate gases
Answer: B) To generate synthesis gas (syngas)
62. What are the primary components of syngas produced from steam reforming?
A) Methane and carbon dioxide
B) Carbon monoxide and hydrogen
C) Ethylene and propylene
D) Nitrogen and oxygen
Answer: B) Carbon monoxide and hydrogen
63. Which of the following is a potential application of syngas?
A) Production of ammonia
B) Synthesis of methanol
C) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
 D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

64. What is the primary application of benzene in the petrochemical industry?

A) Fuel
B) Solvent
C) Feedstock for chemicals
D) Plastic production
Answer: C) Feedstock for chemicals
65. Which of the following products is classified as a second-generation petrochemical?
A) Methanol
B) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
C) Nylon
D) Ethylene Glycol
Answer: B) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
66. What type of petrochemical product is polystyrene?
A) First-generation
B) Second-generation
C) Third-generation
D) Not a petrochemical
Answer: B) Second-generation
67. Which of the following is a characteristic of third-generation petrochemical products?
A) Derived solely from fossil fuels
B) Focused on sustainability and bio-based alternatives
C) Primarily used for fuel production
D) Simple derivatives
Answer: B) Focused on sustainability and bio-based alternatives
68. What is the primary feedstock used in steam cracking for the production of ethylene,
propylene, and butadiene?
A) Coal
B) Naphtha
C) Biomass
D) Natural gas
Answer: B) Naphtha
69. In steam cracking, what is the primary purpose of heating the feedstock to high
temperatures (around 800-900°C)?
A) To increase pressure
B) To vaporize the feedstock
C) To break down larger hydrocarbons into smaller molecules
D) To condense the gases
Answer: C) To break down larger hydrocarbons into smaller molecules
70. What type of reactor is commonly used in steam cracking processes?
A) Batch reactor
B) Continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)
C) Fluidized bed reactor
D) Tubular reactor
Answer: D) Tubular reactor
71. What is a significant factor affecting the yield of ethylene in the cracking process?
A) Temperature and pressure
B) Color of the feedstock
 C) Type of catalyst used
D) Age of the reactor
Answer: A) Temperature and pressure
72. Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is primarily produced from which petrochemical?
A) Propylene
B) Ethylene
C) Butadiene
D) Styrene
Answer: B) Ethylene
73. What is a major use of ethylene oxide in the industry?
A) Plasticizer
B) Antifreeze
C) Sterilization and production of antifreeze
D) Detergent
Answer: C) Sterilization and production of antifreeze
74. Which petrochemical compound is used as a feedstock for the production of
polyacrylic acid and other superabsorbent polymers?
A) Ethylene
B) Propylene
C) Butadiene
D) Vinyl acetate
Answer: D) Vinyl acetate
75. Which of the following is a common use of ethanolamines?
A) Production of polyurethanes
B) Fuel additives
C) Paints and coatings
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
76. Ethylene glycol can be toxic if ingested in large amounts. What is a primary symptom
of ethylene glycol poisoning?
A) Liver failure
B) Kidney damage
C) Skin rash
D) Respiratory issues
Answer: B) Kidney damage

77. What are the major sources of aromatic hydrocarbons in the petrochemical industry?
A) Natural gas
B) Crude oil and coal
C) Biomass
D) Water
Answer: B) Crude oil and coal
78. Toluene is primarily utilized in the production of which of the following?
A) Plastics
B) Paint thinners and solvents
C) Synthetic rubber
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
79. The dealkylation of toluene can produce which of the following aromatic compounds?
A) Benzene
 B) Naphthalene
C) Ethylbenzene
D) Xylene
Answer: A) Benzene
80. Which of the following is a method to increase the yield of aromatics during catalytic
reforming?
A) Increasing temperature
B) Using a higher pressure
C) Adding hydrogen
D) Decreasing catalyst activity
Answer: A) Increasing temperature
81. The isomerization of meta-xylene is primarily used to increase the yield of which
isomer?
A) Ortho-xylene
B) Para-xylene
C) Benzene
D) Ethylbenzene
Answer: B) Para-xylene
82. What is a common use for ortho-xylene in the industry?
A) Production of polyester fibers
B) Solvent in paints and coatings
C) Intermediate in the production of phthalic anhydride
D) Fuel additive
Answer: C) Intermediate in the production of phthalic anhydride
83. In the context of BTX aromatics, what does "BTX" stand for?
A) Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes
B) Butane, Toluene, Xylenes
C) Benzene, Toluene, Xylene
D) Butylene, Toluene, Xylenes
Answer: A) Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes
84. What is the typical order of boiling points for the BTX aromatics?
A) Benzene < Toluene < Xylenes
B) Xylenes < Toluene < Benzene
C) Toluene < Benzene < Xylenes
D) Benzene < Xylenes < Toluene
Answer: A) Benzene < Toluene < Xylenes
85. What is the primary method for producing benzene from toluene?
A) Dehydrogenation
B) Hydrocracking
C) Catalytic reforming
D) Dealkylation
Answer: D) Dealkylation
86. Which of the following is NOT a typical application of benzene?
A) Solvent in chemical synthesis
B) Production of polystyrene
C) Fuel additive
D) Food preservative
Answer: D) Food preservative
87. What is the main product formed when benzene is alkylated with ethylene?
A) Toluene
 B) Ethylbenzene
C) Xylene
D) Styrene
Answer: B) Ethylbenzene
88. The oxidation of cumene leads to the production of which two key chemicals?
A) Styrene and propylene
B) Benzene and toluene
C) Acetone and phenol
D) Ethylene and isobutylene
Answer: C) Acetone and phenol

89. What is a common example of an anionic detergent?

A) Sodium lauryl sulfate
B) Benzalkonium chloride
C) Ethoxylated alcohol
D) Octadecylamine
Answer: A) Sodium lauryl sulphate
90. Cationic detergents are typically used in which of the following applications?
A) Cleaning clothes
B) Disinfecting surfaces
C) Dishwashing liquids
D) Shampoo
Answer: B) Disinfecting surfaces
91. What is a primary advantage of using nonionic detergents?
A) High foaming capacity
B) Good performance in hard water
C) Strong antibacterial properties
D) Lower cost
Answer: B) Good performance in hard water
92. Which type of synthetic detergent is commonly found in fabric softeners?
A) Anionic
B) Cationic
C) Nonionic
D) Amphoteric
Answer: B) Cationic
93. What role do surfactants play in synthetic detergents?
A) They act as preservatives
B) They lower the surface tension of water
C) They provide fragrance
D) They enhance color
Answer: B) They lower the surface tension of water
94. Which of the following is a significant application of Linear Alkyl Benzene?
A) Fuel additive
B) Surfactant in detergents
C) Plasticizer
D) Antifreeze
Answer: B) Surfactant in detergents
95. In the production of LAB, what is the primary advantage of using superior kerosene?
A) Lower cost
B) Higher purity of products
 C) Higher yield of LAB
D) Easier separation
Answer: C) Higher yield of LAB
96. Which of the following statements about Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) is true?
A) It is biodegradable.
B) It has low surface tension.
C) It is used as a primary feedstock for producing detergents.
D) It is a solid at room temperature.
Answer: C) It is used as a primary feedstock for producing detergents.
97. Which of the following is a common additive used in synthetic detergents to improve
performance in hard water?
A) Phosphates
B) Fragrance compounds
C) Colorants
D) Surfactants
Answer: A) Phosphates
98. What is the main characteristic of hard detergents?
A) They are biodegradable.
B) They have a higher surfactant concentration.
C) They are more effective in soft water.
D) They contain anionic surfactants.
Answer: D) They contain anionic surfactants.
99. Soft detergents are typically more effective in which type of water?
A) Hard water
B) Soft water
C) Distilled water
D) Saltwater
Answer: B) Soft water
100. Which type of detergent is generally milder and less irritating to the skin?
A) Hard detergents
B) Soft detergents
C) Cationic detergents
D) Nonionic detergents
Answer: D) Nonionic detergents

1. Explain are the advantages and disadvantages of CNG.

2. Classify the raw-natural-gas wells.
3. Explain the acid gas removal techniques.
4. Explain the advantages of hydrogen as a source of energy.
5. Explain the properties of the raw natural gas.
6. What are the main characteristics of CNG?
7. How does CNG’s production and compression process differ from that of LNG?
8. What is RPT and BLEVE?
9. What is second generation petrochemical?
10. How does Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM), contribute to the production of various
polymers and resins?
11. In the production of ethylene oxide why is it required to keep the oxygen
concentration in the reaction mixture below 9% by volume?
12. What are the key industrial applications of Ethylene Oxide, particularly in the
production of antifreeze and surfactants?
13. In oxychlorination process of VCM production if air is used instead of oxygen what
will happen why?
14. What is the main difference between Sohio and shell process for the acrolein
production from Propylene?
15. What are the safety and environmental challenges associated with Cumene?
16. Write the uses of Glycerin.
17. Write the uses of Cumene.
18. What is the function of switch condenser in phthalic anhydride production?
19. What are the major factors of BTX preparation from pyrolysis gasoline?
20. State the difference between hard and soft detergent.
21. Classify detergents with proper example.
22. Write some uses of PVC
23. What is the mechanism of free radical polymerization?
24. What is polymerization? Classify the long chain polymers.
25. State the major points of SBR production.
26. State the difference among LPG, CNG, LNG, Hydrogen.
27. What is petrochemical technology? What are the feedstocks for petrochemicals? What
are the impurities in feed stocks of petrochemicals?
28. Explain the chemical impurities removal techniques with proper example of
petrochemical feed stocks with safety measures.
29. Briefly describe the steam reforming of Natural gas
30. Explain the oxo synthesis process.
31. Differentiate the ethane cracking and naphtha cracking operation with block diagram.
32. Explain the production of VCM
33. Describe the acrylonitrile preparation from propylene with safety and health
precautions.
34. Briefly describe the acrolein production from propylene.
35. What are the main factors of isopropanol production?
36. Explain the isopropanol production through direct hydration
37. State the steps for BTX separation from reformates with safety precautions
38. Differentiate HDPE and LDPE.
39. Describe the production of low-pressure polyethylene with safety measures.
40. Explain the Acrylic fiber production with its uses.
41. Explain are the advantages and disadvantages of LNG.
42. Explain the advantages of LPG.
43. What are Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs), and how are they produced during natural gas
processing? 2+3
44. Explain the natural gas processing mechanisms.
45. What are the contaminants in raw natural gas?
46. What are the environmental impacts of LNG, CNG, NGL, and LPG?
47. Write the applications of raw natural gas.
48. Briefly describe about the storage tanks for petroleum and petrochemical components.
49. What are the safety concerns associated with Ethylene Oxide production?
50. i) What is coke? ii) How the coke is generated?
51. Classify the petrochemicals based on their generation.
52. How the Ethylene Glycol is utilized in various industries, including automotive and
manufacturing?
53. How the ethylene glycol is prepared?
54. What are the main difference between Sohio and Monetedison process for the
acrylonitrile production from Propylene?
55. How the different xylenes are separated?
56. What is catalytic reforming process? What is hydrotreating?
57. What are the health and environmental concerns associated with Styrene?
58. Explain the effect of pressure, temperature and catalyst on various reactions.
59. State the major factors of styrene production.
60. What are the advantages of synthetic detergent over soap?
61. What are the advantages of polypropylene over polyethylene?
62. What are the methods of polymerization?
63. State some uses of polyethylene and polypropylene.
64. What is synthetic detergent?
65. What are the uses of phenol formaldehyde resins?
66. What is natural gas? Briefly describe the natural gas processing.
67. Explain different impurities of petrochemical feedstocks with their removal technique.
68. Explain Shift Converter? What is methanator?
69. Classify the crude. Classify the underground saline water.
70. Explain different methanol production from synthesis gas with major safety
precautions.
71. Describe the naphtha cracking operation.
72. Analysis the major factors of the production process of VAM.
73. Demonstratevarious safety aspects in the production of Ethylene oxide preparation
with detailed process analysis.
74. Describe the production of propylene oxide from propylene.
75. What are the main factors of acrylic acid preparation.
76. Explain the Glycerin production with major factors considering the safety-health.
77. Analysis the various factors of Cumene production.
78. What are major factors in the Keryl benzene sulphonate production process.
79. Analysis the key factors of ABS plastic production.
80. Briefly analysis the effect of fillers, binders, builders, foam-agents, perfumes etc. in
detergent manufacture.