Peter M.

Howley
Peter Maxwell Howley (born October 9, 1946)[1] is an
American pathologist,[2] virologist, and professor at Peter M. Howley
Harvard Medical School.[3] He has been president of Education Doctor of Philosophy
the American Society for Virology and the American Occupation Virologist, university teacher,
Society for Investigative Pathology and a co-editor of pathologist, researcher,
the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of physician, senior lecturer
Disease.
Employer Harvard Medical School (1993–)
Massachusetts General Hospital
Biography (1972–1973)
National Cancer Institute (1984–
Howley was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He 1993)
graduated in 1968 from Princeton University with an National Institute of Allergy and
A.B. in chemistry and in 1970 from Rutgers University Infectious Diseases (1973–1975)
with an M.M.S. (Master of Medical Science) degree. National Institutes of Health
In 1972 he graduated with an M.D. from Harvard
University of York
Medical School. From 1972 to 1973 he worked as an
intern in pathology at Massachusetts General Hospital. Awards Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig
He was a research associate from 1973 to 1975 at the Darmstaedter Prize (1994)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID) in Bethesda, Maryland. In 1977 he was granted board certification in anatomic pathology. At the
NCI's Laboratory of Pathology, Howley was from 1975 to 1976 a resident, from 1976 to 1977 a junior
staff pathologist, from 1977 to 1979 a senior investigator, and from 1979 to 1984 Chief of the Viral
Oncology and Molecular Pathology Section. From 1984 to 1993 he was Chief of the NCI's Laboratory of
Tumor Virus Biology. In 1991, Howley became the George Fabyan Professor of Comparative Pathology
at Harvard Medical School.[4] He was the president of the American Society for Virology from 1998 to
1999[5] and the president of the American Society for Investigative Pathology in 2006.[6] By 2009 he was
the Shattuck Professor of Pathology.[7]

Howley is considered to be a leader in research on papillomaviruses. Howley and his co-workers created
gene maps of many species of papillomaviruses and analyzed their transcription patterns and systems of
transcription regulation. The research identified papillomavirus oncogenes and the molecular mechanisms
of their damaging effects. This work is considered fundamental for the understanding of the pathogenesis
of papillomaviruses at the molecular level.[8]

His research also involves assessing the roles of the E6AP/UBE3A ubiquitin ligase in human
neurogenetic disorders.[8]

Peter M. Howley and David M. Knipe have been co-editors-in-chief, since the 3rd edition, of Fields
Virology, a standard work on virology, with 5th edition published in 2006 and 6th edition published in
2013. Howley is also one of the chief editors of The Molecular Basis of Cancer, published by
Elsevier.[9][10] He was a co-editor of the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease from
2007–2015.[11] He is a member of the editorial board of the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences.[8]

He is married with three children.[1]

Peter M. Howley should not be confused with Paul M. Howley, who is a managing director of the vaccine
biotechnology firm VAXMED Pty Ltd in Melbourne, Australia.[12]

Awards and honors

1983 — Warner-Lamber/Parke-David Award[13] of the American Society for Experimental
Pathology[14]
1986 — Wallace P. Rowe Award of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseasesfor[15]
1997 — Member, American Society for Clinical Investigation[16]
1993 — Member of the National Academy of Sciences[17]
1994 — Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize[18] (also awarded to Harald zur
Hausen)
1996 — Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences[19]
2004 — Rous-Whipple Award of the American Society for Investigative Pathology[20]
2011 — Keynote speaker at the Convocation Ceremony of the Robert Wood Johnson
Medical School[21]
2015 — NCI Outstanding Investigator Award, National Cancer Institute[22]

Selected publications
Lowy, Douglas R.; Dvoretzky, Israel; Shober, Ralph; Law, Ming-Fan; Engel, Linda; Howley,
Peter M. (1980). "In vitro tumorigenic transformation by a defined sub-genomic fragment of
bovine papilloma virus DNA". Nature. 287 (5777): 72–74. Bibcode:1980Natur.287...72L (http
s://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980Natur.287...72L). doi:10.1038/287072a0 (https://doi.org/1
0.1038%2F287072a0). PMID 6251381 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6251381).
S2CID 4278780 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4278780). 1980
Law, M. F.; Lowy, D. R.; Dvoretzky, I.; Howley, P. M. (1981). "Mouse cells transformed by
bovine papillomavirus contain only extrachromosomal viral DNA sequences" (https://www.nc
bi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC319430). Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences. 78 (5): 2727–2731. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.2727L (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.ed
u/abs/1981PNAS...78.2727L). doi:10.1073/pnas.78.5.2727 (https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpna
s.78.5.2727). PMC 319430 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC319430).
PMID 6265905 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6265905). 1981
Chen, Ellson Y.; Howley, Peter M.; Levinson, Arthur D.; Seeburg, Peter H. (1982). "The
primary structure and genetic organization of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome" (htt
ps://doi.org/10.1038%2F299529a0). Nature. 299 (5883): 529–534.
Bibcode:1982Natur.299..529C (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Natur.299..529C).
doi:10.1038/299529a0 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2F299529a0). PMID 6289124 (https://pubm
ed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6289124). S2CID 4330135 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43
30135). 1982
Yang, Y. C.; Okayama, H.; Howley, P. M. (1985). "Bovine papillomavirus contains multiple
transforming genes" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC397187). Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences. 82 (4): 1030–1034. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.1030Y (h
ttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PNAS...82.1030Y). doi:10.1073/pnas.82.4.1030 (http
s://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.82.4.1030). PMC 397187 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/art
icles/PMC397187). PMID 2983327 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2983327). 1985
Gendelman, H. E.; Phelps, W.; Feigenbaum, L.; Ostrove, J. M.; Adachi, A.; Howley, P. M.;
Khoury, G.; Ginsberg, H. S.; Martin, M. A. (1986). "Trans-activation of the human
immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by DNA viruses" (https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC387220). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83
(24): 9759–9763. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83.9759G (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986P
NAS...83.9759G). doi:10.1073/pnas.83.24.9759 (https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.83.24.975
9). PMC 387220 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC387220). PMID 2432602 (h
ttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2432602). 1986
Dyson, N.; Howley, P.; Munger, K.; Harlow, E. (1989). "The human papilloma virus-16 E7
oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product". Science. 243 (4893): 934–
937. Bibcode:1989Sci...243..934D (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Sci...243..934D).
doi:10.1126/science.2537532 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.2537532). PMID 2537532
(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2537532). 1989
Werness, B.; Levine, A.; Howley, P. (1990). "Association of human papillomavirus types 16
and 18 E6 proteins with p53". Science. 248 (4951): 76–79. Bibcode:1990Sci...248...76W (htt
ps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Sci...248...76W). doi:10.1126/science.2157286 (https://
doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.2157286). PMID 2157286 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/215
7286). 1990
Huibregtse, J.M.; Scheffner, M.; Howley, P.M. (1991). "A cellular protein mediates
association of p53 with the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus types 16 or 18" (https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC453163). The EMBO Journal. 10 (13): 4129–4135.
doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04990.x (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1991.tb04
990.x). PMC 453163 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC453163).
PMID 1661671 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1661671). 1991
Scheffner, M.; Munger, K.; Byrne, J. C.; Howley, P. M. (1991). "The state of the p53 and
retinoblastoma genes in human cervical carcinoma cell lines" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pmc/articles/PMC51909). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 88 (13): 5523–
5527. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.5523S (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991PNAS...88.55
23S). doi:10.1073/pnas.88.13.5523 (https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.88.13.5523).
PMC 51909 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC51909). PMID 1648218 (https://
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1648218). 1991
Chellappan, S.; Kraus, V. B.; Kroger, B.; Munger, K.; Howley, P. M.; Phelps, W. C.; Nevins, J.
R. (1992). "Adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 tumor antigen, and human papillomavirus E7
protein share the capacity to disrupt the interaction between transcription factor E2F and the
retinoblastoma gene product" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC49120).
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 89 (10): 4549–4553.
Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.4549C (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PNAS...89.4549C).
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.10.4549 (https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.89.10.4549). PMC 49120 (ht
tps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC49120). PMID 1316611 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/1316611). S2CID 23812634 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2381263
4). 1992
Huibregtse, J. M.; Scheffner, M.; Beaudenon, S.; Howley, P. M. (1995). "A family of proteins
structurally and functionally related to the E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase" (https://www.ncbi.n
lm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC42258). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 92
(7): 2563–2567. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.2563H (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PN
AS...92.2563H). doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2563 (https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.92.7.2563).
PMC 42258 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC42258). PMID 7708685 (https://
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7708685). 1995
 Tong, X.; Howley, P. M. (1997). "The bovine papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein interacts with
paxillin and disrupts the actin cytoskeleton" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC
20736). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 94 (9): 4412–4417.
Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.4412T (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PNAS...94.4412T).
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4412 (https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.94.9.4412). PMC 20736 (http
s://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC20736). PMID 9114003 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/9114003). 1997
Wathelet, Marc G; Lin, Charles H; Parekh, Bhavin S; Ronco, Lucienne V; Howley, Peter M;
Maniatis, Tom (1998). "Virus Infection Induces the Assembly of Coordinately Activated
Transcription Factors on the IFN-β Enhancer In Vivo" (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-27
65%2800%2980051-9). Molecular Cell. 1 (4): 507–518. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80051-
9 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-2765%2800%2980051-9). ISSN 1097-2765 (https://se
arch.worldcat.org/issn/1097-2765). PMID 9660935 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/966093
5).
Huang, L.; Kinnucan, E.; Wang, G.; Beaudenon, S.; Howley, P. M.; Huibregtse, J. M.;
Pavletich, N. P. (1999). "Structure of an E6AP-UbcH7 Complex: Insights into Ubiquitination
by the E2-E3 Enzyme Cascade". Science. 286 (5443): 1321–1326.
doi:10.1126/science.286.5443.1321 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.286.5443.1321).
PMID 10558980 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10558980). 1999
Münger, Karl; Howley, Peter M (2002). "Human papillomavirus immortalization and
transformation functions". Virus Research. 89 (2): 213–228. doi:10.1016/S0168-
1702(02)00190-9 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1702%2802%2900190-9). ISSN 0168-
1702 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0168-1702). PMID 12445661 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/12445661).
Howley, P. M. (2006). "Warts, Cancer and Ubiquitylation: Lessons from the
Papillomaviruses" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1500926). Transactions of
the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 117: 113–127. PMC 1500926 (https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1500926). PMID 18528468 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/18528468).
White, E. A.; Sowa, M. E.; Tan, M. J. A.; Jeudy, S.; Hayes, S. D.; Santha, S.; Münger, K.;
Harper, J. W.; Howley, P. M. (2012). "Systematic identification of interactions between host
cell proteins and E7 oncoproteins from diverse human papillomaviruses" (https://www.ncbi.n
lm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277141). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
109 (5): E260–E267. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116776109 (https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1116
776109). ISSN 0027-8424 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424). PMC 3277141 (http
s://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277141). PMID 22232672 (https://pubmed.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/22232672).
Howley, Peter M.; Pfister, Herbert J. (2015). "Beta genus papillomaviruses and skin cancer"
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424140). Virology. 479–480: 290–296.
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.virol.2015.02.004). ISSN 0042-
6822 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-6822). PMC 4424140 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424140). PMID 25724416 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2572441
6).

References
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 3. "BBS Faculty Member - Peter Howley" (http://www.hms.harvard.edu/dms/BBS/fac/howley.ph
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rvard.edu/agingresearch/2009program_web.pdf) (PDF). Paul F. Glenn Laboratories at
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9. Mendelsohn, John; Howley, Peter M.; Israel, Mark A.; Gray, Joe W.; Thompson, Craig B.,
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oogle.com/books?id=bfPORhG6DP8C). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1-4377-1099-
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10. Mendelsohn, J.; Howley, P. M.; Israel, M. A.; Gray, J. W.; Thompson, C. B., eds. (2014). The
Molecular Basis of Cancer E-Book (https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZSoAgAAQBAJ).
Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-26196-8.
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Abbas, , Stephen J Galli, and , Peter M Howley. Palo Alto (California): Annual Reviews.
$55.00. Xii + 429 p; ill.; no index. ISBN: 978-0-8243-4302-6. 2007". The Quarterly Review of
Biology. 82 (3): 311. 2007. doi:10.1086/523214 (https://doi.org/10.1086%2F523214).
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Koide, Fusataka; Cooper, Tamara H.; Eldi, Preethi; Nakayama, Eri; Diener, Kerrilyn R.;
Howley, Paul M.; Hayball, John D.; Morrison, Thomas E.; Suhrbier, Andreas (2020). "The
vaccinia virus based Sementis Copenhagen Vector vaccine against Zika and chikungunya is
immunogenic in non-human primates" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265
471). npj Vaccines. 5 (1): 44. doi:10.1038/s41541-020-0191-8 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs
41541-020-0191-8). ISSN 2059-0105 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2059-0105).
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