PREAMBLE
The Preamble reflects the ideals of the Objectives
Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the
Constituent Assembly in 1946, which outlined the vision
for an independent India.
It has been amended only once so far by the 42nd CAA,
1976.
Three new words were added – ‘SOCIALIST’, ‘SECULAR’,
and ‘INTEGRITY’.
“We the people of India”: Emphasizes that the
constitution is made by and for the Indian people.
Justice: Inspired by the Russian Revolution (1917).
Republic: It vests political sovereignty in people. It
means the absence of any privileged class, and all
public offices are open to all without any discrimination.
PREAMBLE
Liberty: Provides for Ideals like liberty, equality, and fraternity inspired by the
French Revolution (1789).
Equality: The preamble secures equality of status and of opportunity.Absence
of special privileges to any section of society.
Fraternity: It provides for a sense of Brotherhood. Single Citizenship promotes
fraternity.
Union Of Trinity
Union of Trinity (Social Democracy) = Principles of liberty, equality and
fraternity are not to be treated as separate items in a trinity.
WRIT
The power to issue writs is granted to the Supreme Court and High Courts
under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution of India, respectively. These
articles play a key role in ensuring judicial review and safeguarding the
fundamental rights of citizens.
Here are some tricks to remember the five types of writs in the Indian
Constitution:
Mnemonic
Use the letters C, P, M, H, and Q to remember the types of writs:(CPM-HQ)
C: Certiorari
P: Prohibition
M: Mandamus
H: Habeas Corpus
Q: Quo Warranto
IMPORTANT ARTICLES
Article 1 - Article 4 (Part 1)
Article 1 - Name and territory of the union
Article 2 - Admission and establishment of the new state
Article 3 - Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and
name of existing states
Article 5 - Article 11 (Part 2)
Article 5 - Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution
Article 6 - Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India
from Pakistan
Article 10 - Continuance of rights of citizenship
Article 11 - Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law
Article 12 - Article 35 (Part 3) -
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT
Article 12 - Definition of the state
Important Fundamental Rights of India
There used to be 7 Fundamental Rights in
the Indian Constitution, but currently
only 6 are left. The Right to Property U/A
31 was removed by the 44th Amendment
Act of 1978. A legal right U/A 300-A was
created and added to Part XII of the
Constitution.
Right to Equality: Article 14 to Article 18
Article 14 - Equality before the law
Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race,
caste, sex, or place of birth
Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 17 - Abolition of the untouchability
Article 18 - Abolition of titles
"Law removes all doubt,” the word law comes in Article 14,
D stands for discrimination
O stands for an opportunity in public employment
U stands for untouchability
T stands for titles.
Article 15 talks about no discrimination, article 16 says equal opportunity in
public employment, article 17 stands for untouchability, and Article 18 says
the abolition of titles.
Right to Freedom: Article 19 to Article 22
Article 19 - Guarantees the six rights to citizens of India
1. Freedom of speech and expression
2. Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms
3. Freedom to form associations or unions
4. Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India
5. Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
6. Omitted
7. Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade
or business
Article 20 - Protection in respect of conviction for offenses
Article 21 - Protection of life and personal liberty
Article 22 - Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right to Freedom: Article 19 to Article 22
Article 19 - Guarantees the six rights to citizens of India
SAAM RESIDES IN POLAND: This mnemonic device can help you
remember the six rights:
a. S: Speech and expression
b. A: Assembly
c. A: Association
d. M: Movement
e. RESIDES: Residence
g. POLAND: Profession
Right to Exploitation: Article 23 to Article 24
Article 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor
Article 24 - Prohibition of child employment (Under the age of 14) in
factories and mines
Right to Freedom of Religion: Article 25 to Article 28
Article 25 - Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and
propagation of religion
Article 26 - Freedom to manage religious affairs
Article 27 - Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular
religion
Article 28 - Freedom from attending religious instruction
TRICK- TC PATI
Cultural and Educational Rights: Article 29 to Article 30
Article 29 - Protection of interest of minorities
Article 30 - Right of minorities to establish and administer educational
institutions
Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32
Article 32 - Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights
TRICK- ER
Center- State Relations: Article 245 - 263 (Part 11)
TRICK-“Up Stairs to Court"
Breaking it down:
U (Up) for Union Legislature (Article 245)
S (Stairs) for Subject matter & State Legislature (Article 246)
Court for Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain
additional courts (Article 247)
Emergency: Article 352 - 360 (Part 18)
Article 352 - Proclamation of emergency ( National Emergency).
Article 356 - State Emergency (President’s Rule)
Article 360 - Financial Emergency
Add 4 to all the subsequent articles related to Emergency Provisions.
For instance, 352+4= 356; 356+4=360
Article 352 – Proclamation of Emergency (National Emergency)
Article 356 – State Emergency (President’s Rule)
Article 360 – Financial Emergency
Miscellaneous: Article 361 - 367 (Part 19)
Article 361- Protection of President and Governors
Amendment of Constitution: Article 368 (Part 20)
Article 368 - Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution
Remember the articles of the Center and add 89 to their corresponding articles in
the state.
For instance, 72+89=161; 74+89=163; 75+89=164; 76+89=165, and so on.
Articles for the Centre are as follows:-
Article 72: Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and suspend, remit, or
commute sentences in certain cases
Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.
Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers
Article 76: Attorney General for India
Article 77: Conduct of business of the Government of India
Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister concerning furnishing information to the
President, etc.
Article 79: Constitution of Parliament.
Article 85: Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
Article 86: Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.
Article 88: Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
Article 102 mentions the disqualification of members of parliament. If you add 89
to 102, it will result in 191. Article 191 talks about the disqualification of MLAs.
Add 90 to the following articles from the Centre and their counterpart
articles in the States.
For instance, 112+90=202; 113+90=203; 114+90=204; 115+90=205;
116+90=206, and so on.
Articles for the Centre are as follows:-
Article 112: Annual Financial Statement for Union
Article 113: Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
Article 114: Appropriation Bills Article 115: Supplementary, additional, or
excess grants
Article 116: Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants
Article 117: Special Provisions as to Financial Bills
Article 118: Rules of procedure
Corresponding Articles for States are as follows.
Article 202: Annual financial statement for State
Article 203: Procedure in Legislature with Respect to Estimates
Article 204: Appropriation Bills Article 205: Supplementary, additional, or
excess grants
Article 206: Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants
Article 207: Special Provisions as to Financial Bills
Article 208: Rules of procedure
