2/09) 2024
vondog Tolymezs
Blyeri Polyers Substances Composed
of macso mole cules, veny lange molecules coith
mol ots anging from a few thousand to
hígh as millions of grams/mole
Monomer- Monome vs. ane atoms Or smal
molecules that tord togethes to fom more
complea stiuctes Such as polymers
*unc tionaliy ofa polymer;- the number ot
bords that a
/n a
monomer's epeating unit fomy
polymer oitth othe monomers
Dege of Palyneigation:- the nurnber of
monomer units in the polymer, is called deqree
olymnigation
* Pobymeiza tion:- The
prcess of convoring
Smple molecule Cmonone) Into lanqe moecue
called polymerization.
Types ot poymeri3aioni- thege ate
they ane, ) Additiorn/chain grouwth polymigation
) co -odtination
polymoigation
9 co- polymeigation. Slasttmu:
Bia-N, BUNa -
) Addition chain gowth
* Addition pol
poymization y meni
is
zationi
the protess of
Tepeated addition
of
double oy taiple bordsmonomes
to fom
that passess
* In which the polymes
higher mwt poymer is
-fned
The
Sthene
chain gowth
Bensde will be
polyethonu.
în either x-axis
y-axis
-PFree adical and ionic polymenigations :
T Fe radical 1) iontc
cationic anionic
-Homoly tic hission ct c
tHetroy te fission.
Bunlight/ fee H"a,- At+B
adiial ENT Hhoys ions
* Frce adical mechanisn i- for polyethere
2 STEP-I:
) chain nitiationi
Bengoyl peroide
Gnitia tive
Produet
pheny
free radical
STEP-L:
) chain Fropagationi
For 1 mole of ethene:
CH, LcHa + GcHs' ’ CH CH,-CeHs
Bengyl fre adical
cthene
For 'n' moles of
Iving polyme
STEP-I: -
) chain temination
Cc Hs -CHfcHy-CH), CH,-Cc Hs
Dead poymer
For Poly Viny! chlonide;
STEP-T
chain initatfon;
&cHs t aco,1
theny
free vadical
STEP -I -
T) chain PIcpagaHon i
of PVCi
For
cH, cH t oHs CH;-H, -cHs
Cl
moles of PvC i
For n
(ving potymea
* COnde: STEP-:
chain teaminaton: -
Dead polymr.
Cordersaton|Step gaoth poymenzation i
Step gpowth polymerlzation învolves the reaction
of two functonal gaoups, e Suting în he
fomaton 'of polymer wth a more unform
mwt
distt bution
&t- 1) PET Dacvon o) Teryene
n HO-C-ccHy -c-OH + nH-oCCHD,-0-H
Tere pthalic acid Ethylene g'ycol
-2np
fo-cago--eh n
2) Nylon S,5 Dacron
H
-OH + n HN -ECH2 NH
Adipíc acid Heca methylene dlammina
Nylon -, 6.
gustions:
)Addi;hion wh o0iol mchonCns
merhoem
*Diffeenes betoren addiion and condensation
poymwu3aton :-(thite -he dtnihons a' hott point)
Additon polymunigation condensaton polymeigation
2) Monomes must have at 2) Mononez must have
least double o taiple at least too siila or
bond. ditferent functional goups
3) -Has no- by -products3 Poduces by products e.
buth as Hyo, NH3 Hcl
) Pocdusces thmoplastics ) oduces themogets
5) Results in homo-chain ) Results In hetero -chain
polymes polymens
Eq- PVc, polyethene y* Nylon, Bakelit ete.
Teflon etc
Corondinaton Toyrgiation:
When Orgaro metalic Cornpound acto as ibitiater
în pdymerization >eaction is called co-oxdinaton
Polymeigation.
mcH =CHy TidutCH; ng
* Zeiglan- Natta Catayst:
Metal halide t Alkyl metal
Ctr, v,w)
t
Mechanism for Zieg lan -Natta catalyst
R'
t R'-M + M-cl
cl
L
Whee M» Al, Li, Mg, Zn
CH, =CHR
1
cl
>eaIange
R
1
R' H c-R
H -C -R CHe =CHR CH2
L
H
1epeat
many ttmes
a-0-3
-R
CH2 n
