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Polymer

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48 views17 pages

Polymer

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new171905
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ourmer “the word pls coed rom no Ges ds ‘ones of pametation w sca, = ex EINES, fen -cu,}] ——> fon.-cH, Jy iene Tepe it Poe 1 sn eunsne + stoocien coon REED, en) whefoe 8. eager ae Apotymer ina ue moll mde yin zt een ni of smal oles aed tmomomers Th pes of king es gee eli aly There ate several wags of lato of pers hand a ene ‘petal concderatons The Sling ate rome’ af the cme Einestne pty Un tn pe of en, : a ae 2: Senta pores —e vee rics Cenc mc aye tcl 8 ky 1 Linear polymere eee min oe Hd ee Be er ‘Thee poles cone ng ao strait chai The cmos ett paae AREDCAKANS, ec: Thewe sre Crag ein lye Wea Fe Sa Solow | ae Reaymorian —_— ok — cc ‘evcen the moore Ther oe ee mode of polerintion cerns oto tporl ene ne las her ae ee mote of polmenzation congo pol ess hg plas seweentbmonore Abdo pb or han arth ivmerton 1 Contention plerizin (or sep ‘oh plmsaton) © Ring oping plymeiation Ney Lory ory Letra cy SAY (0 Copier. Tse pss comp of He mom a Same = i ie 9 cope of 0 2. Condensat erie AA CH Cty -- ov Ce ae os Aston pbmerinons we of fi pronto | Coe tts ge com nea Senses poe iw to . u octet cones eis Trance: A i tn oo mains ACH Hy —— ert —C He (dene sean 1835 0, (Comat we lool comption of be epi iin the polar om gee ein the cae of ton polymcaie 1s. loys rn eke dep actual propre Cent Beto ie Gs ut etsy ta pene ne at si bean iow mst once ots en ‘he ar er =e i mth EE Hr Sys ter ly nd on bo Opi Seti ape Seana ea ena Sins asa spe 2 Top cmb fet ty aon Tap ete tera ty_ cet, eT ori an te Sec 2 The pnt Me ney wa st, Tae sa al ro aie Saar reciente ir poo 752.1Adtion 19 (ype of ptrmersain. he molecule of the sae moma oe tien mone oem pole. The ‘Rvs alone rt nl ht detainee pied oo re ane tg xt ail fe Te ‘Ronin at unnerving recs ‘escent terme a esa sep ‘mre at sae sta the pot eal ome ree ‘Sth another real oom the poe pret his ep ‘plete hn terminating p.m ee mee cman SD cndl.s@ oo, A sends —— stn + cat RAS, — om Chan prepa Hep onto G+ BAH, > ,-cr-cnt,-en1, 4, ai0H, 014 nto, fit cH tle ee [MECHANISM FOR RADICAL POLYMERIZATION. wo-andis VOOM — wo-csencnda |) bond, fests! me cin Gn — weeping te oe see me i en te mc eee ea oat Feet ahaa ely gen am eg ast om coe ma etn eon ai eae aofagengh — woe n-g+ moons aig eae bug a «sey — ob fa ug ha hn waste sovicg chin ets wih mca XY in ame ta love X: ‘ated sar or any mckene nas nd hat can uly he shamed towel. Chin Head-to-Tail Addition ‘hain grotto see lens eno marks prereset Se SS sper a mE mS ee arr fcsrs favor head-on, First, ther shes tec hincance 4 the enubtited * = so DEEN — —cncrenencneneneacnencet— fa ao [somosree oto igen) b-5-8-3 Srctatttaastin sro Tesh enofevedrayue7hcme Ts ora olefin, never hace eo an nse mea 108 of el ch ‘Monomers that Undergo Radical Polymerization Measoem thst sally wags caingtwt plrizon by «ral tai Radical initiators este sera emai carat comet as Otbdo —.O1- © cond enn- dete sen 31.4.1 Addition Polymers ‘Mechanism of Addition Polymerization {In the formation of ation polymers chin growth polymers), te ection 's inated by a catalyst which results in the formation of a reactive Intermediate, This sotemedate then adds on to the monomer nit 10 generate 8 new intermedia, which adds on to another mononve unt and {he process goes on. Depending upon the restive intemediate formed, the polymerization reoction may follow ton polymeszaionwsctions, whieh se caied ut in presence of perondes oF ptasium peborat, follow 2 fice radical mechanism. The addition oceurs Brough = ee radical Jnemediate an i also koown as rascal polymerization, The racical polymerization occurs in heod fo tol maner. The mechanism involves following tes: ‘Sep 1. Chain iniation f we mca ene h ‘Stop 2 Chain propagation non. fre Smee oa f ‘Step 3 hain teinaion ne rfp petetos pronto oo (©) Cationic mechanism. The ation polymerization esctons, which ae ‘ane out in the presence of ung acids like sl ak halogen acids fr in the presence of Lewis acids (BP3, AICI) follow a cationic mechanism. The protonation of alkene results in the formation of areation intermediates. Ths, the growing chins in polymerization are ations and the proces 1s known o cationic polymerization. For example, the cationic mechani foe polymerization of 2emethppropene(sbutene)snelves lowing ses: ‘Step 1 Chai ination hp + ho, = a + acyont Sep 2 Chain propagation Suep 3. Chain enninaton «flat Af ( Anionic mechanism. Te aiton polymerization reactions, which ae ‘aie out in presence of song bases ke sdanide oc meal ays flow Sonic mechan The alkenes ‘lecuon withdraw go benerl i ‘Seep 3. Chin termination [eedersenberier CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION | —tn eto yest the iso sm elie (eel 2 poo) ta ad the ‘onomer sie to cme tortion The nc be a aid such HT bce | s°Seniee bse (CT) willbe ew rt wh he cbc. Ths, he sr mt fen en catni pmeration ea Lewin aid ch a BF tg with pote nating {vis beck wntr Noe tht esc false a pines ccna nl fom ect the hope ie ttn aso he pt old th at yepene Sa | MECHANISM FOR CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION + ae [eon aad | oft Crane Ep oa tacts in wih had mano As ech segue mone ah tea | _mevpanc cae peptg inte oe ad ain piraininen nent a nts meh popping io intone a one . a — | Rearrangement of the Carbocation | _ trecatecaon immedi frm ig cole yma ke any te croctons, ‘aang eangemet yes ter 2 math sta amageen ee tts nave ste cartes (Secton 67) Fr exam th ple ford om he elie | ivan ne eteneonis bo unrearange and eran wit | eee encengnan move = rom | Trcumearaned pasting ice contr cacao, wher he eran pooping ‘Be ccd ya Tips iene se try Catoctin Th ne ong | et acendom theta enprtre Monomers ht ar oslo undergo polarisation by aca mechan ath with | stn tan aie te ponte te lth roping ke ery (etatcompen ie 274 Scion 63) donating hon yan he ‘coq me bi Seco 0), I ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION | Irene pymeeton, te iso i mackphie tt reas with the mosom fom ‘Propane that a anon Nakophe sack on shane Jes tor realy bee “Iker ste tonic Thee, ther ste ery leech | 2m ams rush Bal) a he shee man conan = en tha an wih ‘i chstone by roonnce, wash dene lactone of tc de — inary ie ein ie aliperie speigrnly ect chun propagation wllcotis nl lemon become ‘Ain pu the popping sc wil wil be, 0 he payer extn wil enor ime tonne se oe sen. Sch ceca lll ing payers | tie tc emanated led Tinng pls ze est common sierra Deas Be ais cant be | seminars the por hy cn cone plain) oy chai Aleem pjesme we ow ht com i he J sgue cis ops sie by tsance cron wba ae 73), Ba ‘STEREOCHEMISTRY OF POLYMERIZATION ZIEGLER-NATTA CATALYSTS: ioctl payer he bets elas oo ea eso he cata ome aig ign bine apg 4g + Toss in anatase pyr ae tally oe “heen he ye fc phys popes. Polen nan ata sy. sli coker ie mast be ella sis Saba 2712 bese pions ihesbsien ig arene alles oa mae euler xing ween Pee at scene dnd cm a eer wl st ob (a) Ziegler-Nattapolymeriration (Coordination polymerization), The free rafal, cationic, o€ anionic polymerizations geacrally result in the formation of adtion polymer, wich are tactic. In 1953, two semis Kast Zigler (Germany) and Gio Natta (aly) independent synthesized eed )adaion polymers The steroregular polymers are high meting, eysalline slits, These have much beter properties and wider range of applications then atactic polymers Fe Zieger-Nata palmerization scarica inthe presence ofa ‘vere of ania CHC) ard elias cos popula called Zieghe-Natta catalyst The polymerization is also known 1 coorlinaion polymerization, The reaction is cated out at a low fenperature (<100°C) ana low press “Te reaction aes place as follows: @22 Oncompletehydrigwnatin satura ruber jrofies {ehylenespplenecosomer (8). vleaniond rae (©) palyproprons 1D) atybuens Aaaiion polymere pct enh cut Len, OK of sae Ea OH co aie aca ii enced) Stat ere 0 Ceci tiptoe serpin epg nde sumtng sree weedeat oa eta woe Sone tenn pean! on Preparation of Syathetc Rubbers SERS NT ana) carci ac mm 15s Mey nmezoennency tna Deere ‘synthesis is dependent upon the aslabliy ofthe manemers tn Bien Se ae ene Eiopeegeins casita enor Sete Soe dea aa Number average molecular weight, My. aint Es ae Sate Weight average molecular weight, My ae Sse esi scum nice mates sty netics Polydispersity Index esd nthe aetna mkt who hemi moped oe, 15.) Bindegradable Polymers ‘emt ores te ranch ent Sroumulaton a ponme sts mite mata Tse i tes (hinescue ntropmentl problem ad retain tiered ft te agen ew the nal avers an cee {Erte proms crated. the ple nd want ern ‘ow bungee plynry hare ed doi ed eve Thewe pers erin fnctol sep smi {no nial gop pede topes 2. foly prydresabutyrate - cofihydrosy valerate (BV) ei ebained by the sopolmeration of S.yembutanaie Sed and’ hyorpentnse se AN teres sper Sockoging. orthopedic deveee and im ronald release st druge PHB udergnesecterlal degradation fn the 2. nylon 2-aylon 6 {Soot na anise apa acl aN, CO od ‘lage Can yn ne te toe i epee? yen 2 oe Teaco pepe com pine nly conde ptmunon ements hd amiss ira od + nce eH Nantes niuggk anno sana ntnen ‘feateeanenay sa tavoxtoncrimca nt tie tims upeava deren scanner e vail tpi ent mt Awl 1 cH—Cty Er « Polymers and Their Monomers =e we P= eae. ee fale reese he So [rail oa ee a eee PS Jom] corey [imme SS = ee [Rakes ar car cay nee -GGHOT sang a] fom Oecom [Emme cacti, fou-eren faa [rac fe aes oe JOMEERT Redes) | cue 7 | oaks, Sean i ee Tes = 7 aay pecticnane ST a == “ Ra, lant ES or |r oman |A) caning out DNA analysis from fret pars of fingrriat 1b) idetihing sequence of DNA which wigue oan indi 1c) eamying out RT-PCR from a sample obsined fom a fingerprit 1D) finding out the tio of purine and pyrimidine bases fom tie DNA, ‘The expected reactivity ofthe monomers shown below eh A A A ' 1 0 ” towards cations polymerization follows the order A) tememew B) Wemen

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