Pharm-D-403 PHARMACEUTICS-IVA (Industrial Pharmacy) 4(3-1)
THEORY
1. MASS TRANSFER:
2. HEAT TRANSFER:
3. DRYING: Theories of drying, Drying of Solids, Classification of dryers, General Methods, Fluidized
Bed systems, Pneumatic systems, Spray dryer, Freeze dying.
4. COMMUNITION (SIZE REDUCTION): Reasons for size reduction, Factors affecting size reduction,
size analysis, Sieving, Energy Mills (Ball Mill, Endrumer, Edge Rumer, Disintegrant, Colloid Mill,
Hammer Mill, Cutter Mill and Fluid Energy Mill etc).
5. MIXING: Fundamentals, Mechanisms, Mixing Equipment used in Liquid/Liquid, Liquid/Solid and
Solid/Solid mixing.
6. CLARIFICATION AND FILTRATION: Theory, Filter Media, Filter aids, Filter selection and
Equipment (Leaf filter, Filter press, Melta filters and Rotary filters).
7. EVAPORATION: General principles of Evaporation, Evaporators and Evaporation under reduced
pressure.
8. COMPRESSION AND COMPACTION: The solid-air Interface, Angle of Repose, Flow rates, Mass
volume relationship, Density, Heckel Plots, Consolidation, Granulation, Friability, Compression (dry
method, wet method, slugging), Physics of Tabletting, tabletting machines and other equipment required,
problems involved in tabletting, tablet coating. Capsulation: Hard and soft gelatin capsules.
PRACTICAL
Manufacture of tablets by wet granulation method, by slugging and by direct compression. Coating of
tablets (sugar coating, film coating and enteric coating), excipients e.g., Flavoring agents, sweeteners,
binders etc and shapes of tablets. Classification of liquids by various processes. Size reduction.
Homogenization.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Swarbrick, J. and J. Swarbrick, 2007. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology. 3rd Ed., Informa
Health Care, USA.
2. Allen, L.V., N.G. Popovich and H.C. Ansel, 2010. Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug
Delivery Systems. 9th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.
3. Banker, G.S. and T.C. Rhodes, 2002 Modern Pharmaceutics. 4th ed., Informa health care, USA.
4. Gennaro, A.R., 1990. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.18 th Ed., Mack Publishing Company,
Pennsylvania, USA.
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