PREDICTION EXAM 2

GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME

1. the point on the earth’s surface which is vertically

a) Name two ocean currents flowing along the above the focus
Africans coastline (Any 2x2=4mks)
- Aqulhas b) i) Name the scale used to measure the
- Mozambique warm current intensity of earthquakes
- Warm Guinea current mercalh scale
(Any 2x1=2mks). (1x1=1mk)
b) State three factors that determine the size of a ii) State two natural causes of earthquakes
wave - tectonic movement
- Fetch-distance of open water where the wind - gravitational pressure
blows - excessive energy release in the mantle
- The speed of the wind - vulcanicity
- The duration which the wind has been blowing Any (2x1=2mks)
(Any 3x1=3mks) 5.
2. State four factors that determine the amount of a) What is a rock?
solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface A rock is a naturally occurring agglomeration of
- The transparency of the atmosphere / the amount mineral particles forming the solid part of the
of cloud cover. earth’s crust
- The intensity of the sun’s radiation in the space (2x1=2mks)
and the earth’s average distance from the sun b) Give three characteristics of sedimentary rock
- Position of the earth on its orbit which produces - they are non-crystalline
different seasons - they are arranged in layers/ strata
- The angle of the surface on which the sun rays - they contain fossils
fall - they are derived from sediments of other rocks
- The area and nature of the surface on which the Any (3x1=3mks)
sun rays fall.
(Any 4x1=4mks) SECTION B
6.
3. a) i) Give the longitudinal and latitudinal
a) Identify the features marked A and B extends of the area covered by the map
A- Artesian well (1mk) extract
B- Aquifer (1mk) Latitudinal extend 1o051-1o15’s
b) Name two regions in the World where such a Longitudinal extend 38o 051-38o101 E
feature is found (2 x 1 = 2marks)
- Sahara ii) Measure the distance of the all weather
- West Australia road from Thitani to Migwani shops. Give
- Kalahari your answer in Kilometres
- England 4.3 ± 0.1km
- North America (2x1=2mks)
Any (2x1=2mks)
4.
a) Differentiate between seismic form and
epicentre
- seismic focus is the point of origin inside the earth
where shock waves originate while epicenter is

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b) A rectangle measuring 10cm by 12cm d) i) Name the type of vegetation found on the
representing area between eastings 91 and 12 grid square 1180
and Northings 62 and 84 - Scrub
- Scattered trees
(2x1=2mks)
ii) Give four figure grid reference of the
trigonometrical station at Kwamutonga
SKT 33
9374
(1x2=2mks)
iii) Describe the drainage of the area covered
by the map extract
- Migwani has permanent rivers for instance
river Vinda
- The main rivers Ngoo and Ikoo
- The rivers form dendritic drainage pattern for
instance river Ikoo
- There are parallel drainage pattern in some
rivers such as upper course of Ikoo
- There are disappearing rivers near Mutito
forest
- There are dams Kisini and Mboni dam
Any (4x1=4mks)
7. Difference between mass wasting and mass
Usiani school (1mk
movement
Nzeluni dispensary (1mk)
a) Mass wasting is the down ward movement of
Mutitu health centre (1mk)
weathered materials under influence of gravity
Dry weather road d 507 (1mk)
while mass movement is the movement of
Correct dimension and measurement 1 mk
lubricated materials down slope.
c) i) Citing evidence from the map give three
1x2=2 mks
functions of Mutitu (NDOOA) town
b) i) Causes of soil creep
- Education function due to presence of
- alternate heating and cooling of soil
school
- alternate drying and wetting of soil
- Administrative function due presence of
- ploughing down slope
chief’s office
- removal of soil down slope
- Communication function due to presence of
- earth quakes
post office
(Any 2x1=2mks)
- Religious function due to presence of church
ii) Factors influencing mass wasting
office
- slope- steep slopes facilitate faster movement
- Health function due to presence of health
- nature of materials- massive rocks can slide or
center.
move easily
Any 2 x 2 = 4 marks
- amount of water- Saturated materials move
ii) Identify the highest and lowest pints of the
faster than dry ores
area covered by the map.
- climate- areas receiving heavy rainfall
- Highest point 1515m (1mk)
experience movement of materials
- Lowest point 640m (1mk)
- absence of vegetation – facilitate movement
iii) Give two methods used represent relief on
- tectonic forces – Cause widespread movement
the area covered by the map
of materials
- Contours
- use of explosive – in mining causes downward
- Trigonometric stations
movement
(2x1=2mks)
(Any 3x2=6mks)

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c) i) Processes of chemical weathering surface to the bedrock
- carbonation Distinction of the two (2x1=2mks)
- hydrolysis
- hydration ii) Ways of managing and conserving the soil
- oxidation - Tree planting
- solution (afforestation and reafforestation)
(Any 4x1=4mks) - Mixed farming (keeping animals and plants)
ii) Slaking - Contour ploughing
- Rocks take up the rain water during the wet - Keeping adequate number of animals livestock
season in relation to the land size
- During the dry season, rocks loose this water - Crop rotation
through evaporation and the rock eventually - Terracing slopping land
dries, shrinks and fractures or breaks up. (Any 2x1=2mks)
- This breaking mainly affects rocks containing iii) Soil catena
clay
(3mks) Top leached soils 1
Exfoliation Light (thin) soil at the slope 1
- First the rock masses are subjected to heat
Thick fertile soils at
from the sun
the bottom 1
- Then the rock surface becomes much hotter Water
than the interior
- The difference make the rocks to expand and
contract on the surface hence cracks develop (3mks)
- The surface of the rock peels off like ;onion b) Factors that influence soil formation
- This process of weathering is called i) Nature of parent rock
exfoliation - Parent rock determines the type of soil formed
(3mks) - It also determines the type of weathering
d) i) Preparations for the study depending on the mineral composition
- Seeking permission for the study - The parent rock determines the mineral
- Conducting pre-visit composition of the soil thereby determining its
- Revising statement of objectives and fertility
hypothesis (3mks)
- Choosing methods of data collection ii) Topography
- Assembling research equipment - The nature of the slope determines the type of
- Preparing a working schedule. soils
(Any 2x1=2mks) - Soil on top of hills are heavily leached. There are
ii) Identify three follow up activities you are deep and fertile soils in plain and valley bottoms
likely to undertake after the study - Poorly drained or marshy areas have poor soils
- Compiling notes which are water logged (3mks)
- Displaying the labeled samples/ photographs iii) Climate
- Presenting findings of the study / field report - Places with heavy rainfall have heavily weathered
- Class / group discussions soil material and are also heavily leached thus
- Data analysis deep soils
(Any 3x1=3mks) - Rainfall leads to formation of alluvial soils
8. through deposition along rivers
a) i) Distinguish between soil catena and soil - High temperature promote weathering
profile - Low temperatures slow the weathering processes
Soil catena is sequence or arrangement of - Variation in temperature determines the type of
different soils on a mountain slope from top to the soil organism in an area
bottom while soil profile is the vertical - Climate determines vegetation which is turn has
arrangement of various soils in layers from the an effect on soil
(3mks)
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c) i) Characteristics of chernozems b) i) Formation of rift valley by compressional
- They are dark coloured forces
- They have a relatively high organic content - Layer of rocks are subjected to compressional
- Have a calcerous sub-soil forces
- They have well drained and have loose
crumbled texture
- They are rich in minerals
(Any 2x1=2mks)
ii) Aeronosols
- They are largely composed of sand or quartz
- The top soil has low organic matter and
therefore less fertile - Two reverse faults develop in the rocks of the
- Common in the coastal areas crust
(Any 2x1=2mks)
d) i) Causes of soil degradation they identified
- High population increase
- Overgrazing
- Burning of land/charcoal burning
- Poor farming methods
- Nature of climate
- Nature of landscape
- The outer blocks of land are thrust above the
- Mon-cropping / mono- culture.
middle along the fault planes
(Any 3x1=3mks)
- The middle block either sinks or remains static
ii) Methods used to collect information
but a lower level
- Observation
- Sampling
- Photographs
(Any 2x1=2mks)
9.
a) i) Causes of faulting
- Earth movement that cause tension within
rocks
- Earth movements that cause compression - The protruding parts are removed by erosion
within rocks or may collapse to form the fault scarps
- Shearing of rocks - The sunked middle part forms a depression
- Vertical movement of the rocks that cause called a rift valley.
them to fracture Diagrams (4 x 1 = 4marks)
(Any 3x1=3mks) Explanations (4 marks)
ii) Difference between normal fault and a ii) Examples of horst Mts in E. Africa
reverse fault - Pare Mts
- Normal fault is caused by tensional forces - Usambara mountains
while reverse fault is caused by compressional - Ruwenzori Mountain
forces (Any 2x1=2mks)
- In a normal fault a part of the fault plane is
exposed to form an escarpment while in a iii) Effects of faulting to human activities
reverse fault the fault plane is not exposed to - Faulting may lead to formation of features that
the surface form beautiful scenery which attract tourist.
- In a normal fault up throw moves away from - Faulting leads to formation of lakes that are
down throw while in a reverse fault the up important fishing grounds/ mining sites/
throw rides over down throw. provide water for irrigation/ for domestic use/
(Any 2x2=4mks) industrial use

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 - Faulting cause displacement of rocks which - Vertical erosion
exposes minerals that are mined - Lateral erosion
- Faulting may lead to formation of mountains (3x1=3mks)
which attract rainfall on the windward side
which favours agriculture and forestry
- Subsidence of land as a result of faulting may
lead to loss of life and property
- Faulting and resultant fault scarps make it
difficult to construct roads and railways
10.
a) i) Distinguish between river divide and river
basin
A river divide is a ridge or a strip of high
ground dividing/ separating two drainage
basins while a river basin is the entire river
system including its tributaries and
distributaries/ the total area drained by a river
and its tributaries
(2x1=2mks)
ii) List three types of river erosion
- Headward erosion
b) i) Draw a well labeled diagram of the hydrological

through wells/spring can be used for domestic

ii) State two benefits of hydrological cycle and industrial use (Any 2x1=2mks)
- Moisture in the atmosphere regulates the heat c) i) Describe the following drainage patterns
being lost from the ground by reflecting most  Trellis drainage pattern
of it back thus keeping the lower atmosphere - Develops in Areas with alternating hard and
warm soft rocks and where the land dips towards the
- Water supports existence of life on earth same direction
- Helps to provide underground water through
percolation which when released to the surface
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 - The main/consequent river has more erosive
power hence cuts through the hard and soft
rocks.
- The smaller tributaries flow on the soft rocks
and join the main tributary/river at right angles
(3x1=3mks)

 Dendritic drainage pattern

- This pattern is shaped like a tree and its
branches
- Its tributaries join the main river from many
directions
- Tributaries join the main river at acute angle
- It develops in areas with uniform rock
hardness and structure
d)
i) State three reasons why you would need to
prepare a working schedule
- It helps in adequate allocation of time to each
activity so no activity is forgotten
- It reduces the tendency to waste time and forces
the researchers to work within the stipulated time
and complete the study as scheduled
- It provide an estimate of the time required for the
study
- It provides a basis for evaluating the field work
while it is still in progress
- It provides a framework that guides the researcher
to remain within the scope of the topic
(Any 3x1=3mks)
ii) List two features you are likely to identify
during the study
- V- shaped valleys
- Waterfalls and rapids
- Gorges
- Interlocking spurs
- Pot holes
(Any 2x1=2mks)
iii) List two problems you may experience during
the study
- Attacks by wild animals crossing the river valley
- Hindrance by poor weather conditions e.g. sudden
rains
- Accidents e.g. slipping
- Difficulties in accessing some of the areas due to
the rugged terrain
- Thick vegetation
(Any 2x1=2mks)

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