UPTAKE OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS

AMONG MOTHERS OF THE BABIES ATTENDING INFANT WELFARE CLINIC OF

UNIOSUN TEACHING HOSPITAL, OSOGBO, OSUN STATE

BY

ALABI ABDULRAHEEM OKIKIOLA

MATRIC NO: 20003702

PRESENTED TO

FACULTY OF NURSING SCIENCE

LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE

OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

DEGREE OF “BACHELOR OF NURSING SCIENCE (B.NSc)”

JANUARY, 2024.

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this research project titled UPTAKE OF BREAST CANCER

SCREENING AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS OF THE

BABIES ATTENDING INFANT WELFARE CLINIC OF UNIOSUN TEACHING

HOSPITAL, OSOGBO, OSUN STATE was carried out by ALABI ABDULRAHEEM

OKIKIOLA with Matric number 20003702 in the department of nursing sciences, Ladoke

Akintola University of Technology, Open and Distance Learning Center, Ogbomoso, under my

supervision.

Dr. (Mrs) A.O. Olajide (RN, RM, RPHN, Ph.D, FWAPCNM) ____________________

(Supervisor’s Name/Qualifications) Signature & Date

Dr. (Mrs) A.O. Olajide (RN, RM, RPHN, Ph.D, FWAPCNM) ____________________

(Programme Coordinator’s Name/Qualifications) Signature & Date

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 ABSTRACT
In Nigeria, female breast cancer is recognized as major cause of morbidity and mortality with
incidence rate ranging from 36.3 to 50.2/100,000 live birth). This research study is focused on
assessing the uptake of breast cancer screening and its associated factors among mothers of the
babies attending Infant Welfare Clinic of UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital.
A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to determine the uptake of breast cancer
screening and its associated factors among mothers of the babies attending Infant Welfare
Clinic of UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital. An adapted questionnaire was the instrument for data
collection. 124 questionnaires were administered to mothers of the babies attending Infant
Welfare Clinic of UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital and same were retrieved and analyzed.
The study reveals that 115(92.7%) of the respondents have a high knowledge of breast cancer
screening, while 105 (84.7%) have a low uptake of breast cancer screening. The factors
influencing the uptake of breast cancer screening includes the availability of accessible and
affordable screening facilities 104 (83.9%), fear of a positive diagnosis 105(84.7%), cultural
and religious beliefs 94(75.8%) impact screening uptake, Limited access to healthcare services
104(83.9%), family history of breast cancer 103(83.1%), perception that breast cancer only
affects older women 115(92.7%), and inadequate education and knowledge 105(84.7%).
There was a significant relationship between fear of a positive diagnosis (p-value = 0.000),
perception of breast cancer in older women (p-value = 0.000) and uptake of breast cancer
screening among mothers at UNIOSUN teaching hospital. However, there is no significant
relationship between social stigma associated with breast cancer (p=0.925), availability of
facilities (p=0.116) and the uptake of breast cancer screening among mothers at UNIOSUN
teaching hospital's infant welfare clinic.
Based on the study's findings, recommendations for various stakeholders include: Governments
should implement culturally sensitive public health campaigns, enhance healthcare
infrastructure, and invest in community education. Nurses should adopt patient-centered
strategies, utilize technology for outreach, and collaborate with community leaders.
Communities and individuals should actively destigmatize discussions, encourage health-seeking
behaviors, and leverage support groups. By collectively addressing barriers and promoting
proactive health behaviors, these recommendations aim to enhance breast cancer screening
rates and contribute to overall community well-being. (Total words=300)
Keywords: Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer, Factors, Knowledge, Mothers and Uptake.

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 DEDICATION

This research project is dedicated to Almighty Allah for His mercy and care over my life.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

All praises and thanks are due to Almighty Allah, the giver of bountiful blessings and gifts for
His grace and mercy upon me through the years. I give glory, honor with praises for fulfilling
His promises in my life and for making this study a successful one.
My profound gratitude goes to my supervisor who is also the program coordinator, a woman of
honour and integrity, Dr. (Mrs) A.O Olajide for her guidance, correction, and time that facilitated
the success of this research project. I also appreciate the discipline, care and leadership skills she
passed as the coordinator to see to the upbringing of the students and welfare of the school. God
will continue to bless you ma.
My gratitude extends to the Dean of faculty Prof. F.O Adeyemo and the HOD nursing
department, Mrs Oyebamiji and to the entire staff of the institution for their academic and moral
impacts.
My sincere appreciation goes to my dear parents, Mr. & Mrs. ALABI who have wonderfully
contributed financially and spiritually and for the words of encouragement towards my success
in this citadel of learning, may you live long in good health to reap the fruits of your labour. Also
to my lovely siblings, I love you all.
My appreciation also goes to Dr. & Mrs. Oyediran for their unwavering support.
My gratitude also goes to my wonderful colleagues, and everyone that has contributed to the
completion of this study. May God continue to elevate you all in your academic pursuits, Amin!

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLES PAGES

Title page ………………………………………………………………………….............. i

Certification ………………………………………………………………………….......... ii

Abstract………………………………………………………………………….................. iii

Dedication …………………………………………………………………………............. iv

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………. v

Table of content…………………………………………………………………………..... vi

1.0 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION……………………………...........................1

1.1 Background to the study………………………………………………………………1

1.2 Statement of the problem …………………………………………………………….4

1.3 Objectives of the study………………………………………………………………. 5

1.4 Research questions ……………………………………………………………………5

1.5 Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………….6

1.6 Significance of the study ……………………………………………………………...6

1.7 Scope of the study …………………………………………………………….……...7

1.8 Operational definition of terms………………………………………………………. 7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………................. 9

2.0 Introduction…………………………………................................................................9

2.1 Conceptual Review……………………………………………………………………9

2.1.1 The Global Burden of Breast Cancer ………………………………………………...9

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2.1.2 Screening for Early Detection of Breast Cancer ……………………………………. 11

2.1.3 Prevalence of breast cancer among women in the society…………………………….12

2.2 Knowledge of Breast Cancer Screening…………………………………...................15

2.3 Uptake of Breast Cancer Screening Among Mothers………………….......................17

2.4 Factors Affecting the Practice of Breast Cancer Screening among Mothers…………20

2.6 Empirical Review……………………….......................................................................22

2.7 Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………..28

2.7.1 Core Assumptions and Statement…………………………………………………...28

2.7.2 Conceptual Model……………………………………………………………………31

2.7.3 Application of Health Belief Model……………………………………………….....32

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………...................... 34

3.0 Introduction ………………………………………………...........................................34

3.1 Research Design…………………………………………............................................. 34

3.2 Research Setting……………………………………………......................................... 34

3.3 Target Population……………………………………………………………................ 34

3.4 Sampling Size…………………………………………………………………...…..…. 35

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3.5 Sampling Technique……………………………………………………………..………36

3.6 Instrument for Data Collection………………………………………………………… 36

3.7 Psychometric property of the instrument……………………………………………...36

3.7.1 Validity of the instrument……………………………………………………….. 36

3.7.2 Reliability of the instrument…………………………………………………….. 37

3.8 Method of data collection…………………………………………………………….. 37

3.9 Method of data analysis……………………………………………………………... 38

3.10 Ethical consideration…………………………………………………………………38

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS………………….............................................................. 39

4.0 Data Analysis…………………………………………............................................ 39

4.1 Presentation of result………………………………………………………………. 39

4.2 Answering of research questions …………………………………………………. 43

4.3 Hypothesis testing…………………………………………………………………. 44

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS…… 48

5.1 Discussion of findings ……………………………............................................……..48

5.2 Implication to Nursing ……………………………………............................................ 52

5.3 Limitation of the Study…………………………...........................................................53

5.4 Summary of the Study……………………………..........................................................53
5.5 Conclusion…………………………................................................................................54

5.6 Recommendations……………………………………………......................................54
5.7 Suggestions for further studies…………………………………………………………56

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………....57

APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………….....

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Appendix I: Questionnaire……………………………………………………………......... 62

Appendix II: Reliability output………………………………………………………......... 65

Appendix III: Ethical approval…………………………………………………………….. 72

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Demographic Information ………….............................................. 39

Table 4.2: Knowledge of Mothers on Breast Cancer Screening......................... 40

Table 4.3: Uptake of Breast Cancer Screening among Mothers............................ 41

Table 4.4: Factors Affecting the Uptake of Breast Cancer Screening …………... 42

Table 4.5: Relationship between the Socio-demographic factors and uptake of breast cancer

screening among mothers………………………………………………………...… 44

Table 4.6: Relationship between the knowledge of breast cancer screening and uptake of breast

cancer screening among mothers…………………………………………………… 45

Table 4.7: Relationship between the associated factors and uptake of breast cancer screening

among mothers……………………………………………………………………… 46

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