UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

LAHORE, FAISALABAD CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

BSc. Textile Engineering

Submitted by:
Anisa Shad (2023-TXE-02)
Talha Nadeem (2023-TXE-19)
Alishah Younas (2023-TXE-20)
Haris Riaz (2023-TXE-25)

Submitted To:
Eng. Dr. Haris Ameer
Semester:

3rd
Subject Title:

Weaving Preparatory Process

Subject Code:

TEX-203(Lab)

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Table of Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................3
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Wrapping Reel............................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Packages......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.1 Cone package.......................................................................................................................................3
1.2.2 Cheese package....................................................................................................................................4
1.2.3 Pirn winding package...........................................................................................................................4
1.2.4 Cop winding package...........................................................................................................................4
2. Experimental.....................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Material.......................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Procedure....................................................................................................................................................5
3. Observations & calcualtions.............................................................................................................................5
3.1 Ne count......................................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Length of yarn.............................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Volume of yarn...........................................................................................................................................6
3.4 Density of cone............................................................................................................................................7

4. Results and conclusions....................................................................................................................................7

5. Precautions........................................................................................................................................................7
6. References.........................................................................................................................................................7
7. Yarn lee sample.................................................................................................................................................8

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 Lab Report # 2
To determine the package, type its count length and package density.
Abstract
In this lab we will discuss about the types of yarn packages, yarn count, yarn length and the yarn density by
using wrapping reel. Package type was classified depending upon the package shape. Lee warping machine
was used to determine the count. Length and package density were calculated by measuring the inner and
outer diameter of the package.

1. Introduction:
Yarn count is linear density of yarn. It is quantification of yarn fineness. It can be direct or indirect. Package
length is determined by weight of the cone used and yarn count. For calculating density volume of the cone is
calculated and then its density is determined using basic formula of density.

In spinning mills, yarn production must align with the intended application or specific customer
requirements. This is crucial since product costs are directly influenced by yarn quality. Yarn count—a
numerical measurement—indicates the thickness or fineness of the yarn. One commonly used system is the
English Cotton Count (Ne), an indirect measurement that expresses the length of yarn per unit mass.

Accurately determining the package size is essential in industrial settings, as it affects storage, transport, and
processing. Yarn packages come in various forms, such as cone, cheese, pirn, and cop winding packages, each
designed for specific handling and logistical purposes. Additionally, the shape and volume of these packages
influence transportation efficiency and ease of handling [1].

1.1 Wrapping Reel:

Wrapping reel is an auto device which is used to make the yarn lee. It has a diameter of 1.5 yds. According to
IS)-2060 standard its standard length is 120yds and 80 cycles.

Figure 1. Wrapping Reel

1.2 Packages:
Packages refer to the way yarns are wound and stored for ease of handling, processing, and
transportation. They come in different forms based on the machinery used and the weaving process
requirements. The key types of yarn packages in weaving include:

1.2.1 Cone package:

These are cone-shaped spools, typically made of plastic or paper, used for continuous yarn feeding. Cones
are widely used because they facilitate high-speed unwinding during processes like warping and weaving.

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 Figure 2. Cone packages

1.2.2 Cheese package:

This is a cylindrical spool, usually without flanges, offering uniform winding. Cheese packages are common
for fine yarns, as they allow precise tension control during unwinding.

Figure 3. Cheese Winding Packages

1.2.3 Pirn winding

package:
These small, cylindrical packages are used specifically in shuttle looms, where they are inserted into shuttles
to carry the weft yarn.

Figure 4. Pirn Winding Package

1.2.4 Cop winding

package:
Cops are compact and tightly wound packages, usually shaped like small cylinders with tapered ends. These
are used in ring spinning and some traditional looms.

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Figure 5. Cop Winding Packages

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The selection of a yarn package impacts productivity, tension control, and ease of handling during weaving
operations. The size and shape also influence transportation and storage efficiency [2].

2. Experimental
2.1 Material:
 Wrapping reel, Measuring scale, Weigh balance
 Cheese winding package , empty paper cone

2.2 Procedure:
 Name the package type.
 ON the wrapping reel machine.
 Take the package to make the yarn lee, pass the yarn through yarn path and start the machine.
 Circumference of the reel is 54’’ (137.16cm).
 After lee formation, take it. Find its length and weight.
 Apply the formula to calculate the Ne count of the yarn.
i.e. count = 0.0059 X (length in cm / weight in grams)
 Then measure the inner and outer diameter and the length of the package to find its volume,
density and the yarn length.
 Repeat the procedure for the readings of paper cone.

3. Specification of Lee wrapping machine:

Lee wrapping machine is ideal for co-packers and its specifications are:

 production flexibility
 high speeds
 high efficiencies

3. Observations & calculations:

D1 = Dia. of package at base:

Cone package = 7.5 cm Cheese package = 7.3

cm D2 = Dia. of paper at base:

Cone package = 9.6 cm Cheese package = 8

cm d1 = Dia. of cone package at tip = 3.6 cm

d2 = Dia. of paper at tip = 6.4 cm

h = Height of package:

Cone package = 16.9 cm Cheese package = 22

cm Height of yarn:

Cone yarn = 16 cm Cheese yarn = 19.8

cm W1 = Weight of paper cone = 60.8 g

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W2= Weight of package:

Cone package = 208 g Cheese package = 225.7 g

W = Weight of yarn on cone package = W2 – W1 = 208 – 60.8 = 147.2

W’ = Weight of yarn on cheese package = W2 – W1 = 225.7 – 60.8 = 164.9 g

3.1 Ne count
Length of yarn lee = L = 120yds = 10972.8 cm
Weight of yarn lee = W = 2 g

English Cotton Count (Ne count) = length

0.0059 × 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

By putting the values in the above formula

𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟐.𝟖
Ne count = 0.0059 × = 32.3

𝟐
NeC

Ne count = 32.3 NeC

Hence, the count of yarn on cone package is 32.3 NeC.
Similarly the count on cheese package is 34.07 NeC

3.2 Length of yarn

Length of cone Package (m) = Yarn weight (lbs.) X 768.1 X count

l = 147.2 X 768.1 X 32.3

= 36594.2 m
Hence, the length of the yarn on cone package is 36594.2 m.

Similarly length of yarn on cheese package is 43152.9 m

3.3 Volume of yarn

Volume of yarn on cone package = 𝜋ℎ [(D12 + D1d1 + d12 ) – (D22 + D2d2 + d22)]
12

3.14 X
16.9 [(92.1 + 61.4 + 40.9) − (56.2 + 27 + 12.9)]
12
=

= (4.4) (194.4 – 96.1)

= 432.5 cm3

Volume of yarn on cheese package = 𝜋ℎ

4 (D12 + D22)

(3.14)(22)
= 4 (64 – 53.2)
= (17.2) (10.8)
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= 185.76 cm3

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 3.4 Density of cone
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑣𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒
Density =
147.2
= 0.34 g/ cm 3 = 432.5

3.5 Density of cone

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑣𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒
Density =
164.9
3 = 185.76
= 0.88 g /cm

Observation and Calculation table

Sr. Package type Paper cone Lee length Lee weight Count
no color (cm) (gm)
1. Cone Brown 10972.8 2.0 32.3
2. Cheese Brown 10972.8 1.9 34.07

Sr. Package Package Package H D1 d1 D2 D2 Vol. Density

no. type weight length (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
(gm) (m)
1 Cone 208 g 36594.2 16.9 9.6 6.4 7.5 3.6 432.5 0.34
2 Cheese 164.9 43152.9 22 8 8 7.3 7.3 185.7 0.88

4. Results and conclusions

From above observations and calculations we find that the given packages are cone, cheese and the pirn
packages. While the count of yarn is approximately 24NeC, total length of the yarn on the package is
20824.6yds and the density of the cheese package is 0.453g/ cm3.

5. Precautions
 Listen to the instructor carefully.
 Take the precise measurements.
 Follow the lab safety measures.

6. References

1. Jewel, R. (n.d.). Textile testing. [PDF document].

2. Textile Glossary. (n.d.). Retrieved October 20, 2024, from https://www.textileglossary.com
3. Assignment on determination of yarn count. (2021). Scribd. Retrieved October 20, 2024, from
https://www.scribd.com/document/462483062/Assignment-on-determination-of-Yarn-count-doc
4. Innovative Wrap Tech. (n.d.). Simple reel stretch wrapping machine. Retrieved October 20, 2024,
from https://www.innovativewraptech.com/product/simple-reel-stretch-wrapping-machine/
5. Penguin Stretch Pack. (n.d.). Reel stretch wrapper. Retrieved October 20, 2024,
from https://www.penguin.in/stretch-pack/reel-stretch-wrapper.html
6. Eopac. (n.d.). Reel wrapper. Retrieved October 20, 2024, from https://www.eopac.cn/product/stretch-
wrapping-machine/reel-wrapper/

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7. Yarn lee sample

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