DISTINCTION BETWEEN PAIR OF COMPOUNDS (2 Marks)

1 Alkyl Halides Silver Nitrate Test:-

R-X + AgNO3 → AgX(ppt.)
AgCl white ppt soluble in Aqueous Ammonia
AgBr Pale yellow ppt partially soluble in Aqueous Ammonia
Agl Yellow ppt insoluble in Aqueous Ammonia
2 Alcohol (i) Ester test:- In the presence of acid alcohols form esters which have fruity smell.
ROH + RCOOH → RCOOR + H2O
(ii) Lucas test:- Treating with dil. HCl with Anhy. ZnCl2 (Lucus Reagent)
R-OH + HCl → R-Cl + H2O
Turbidity is formed due to formation of immiscible chloride with Lucas reagent.
(a) 3o -Immidiately (b) 2o - within 5 minutes (C) 1o - only on heating
3 Phenol (i) Neutral FeCl3 test:- Blue/Green or Violet colouration due to formation of ferric complex
C6H5OH + FeCl3 →(C6H5O)3Fe + 3HCl
(ii) Dye Test:- Orange azo dye on treatment with benzene diazonium chloride in alkaline medium at ice
cold temp.

(iii) Br2 water test:- White ppt of 2,4,6- tribromophenol

4 Carbonyl 2,4-DNP test:- Bright orange/yellow crystalline solid formed on treatment with 2,4-DNP (Brady’s reagent)
Compds.
5 Aldehydes (i) Tollen’s test:- Silver mirror/ black ppt on boiling in water bath with ammonical silver nitrate (Tollen’s
reagent)
RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]++ 3OH- → RCOO- + 2Ag(Silver Mirror) + 4NH3 + 2H2O
(ii) Fehling,s/ Benedict’s Test:- Brick red ppt of cuprous oxide on boiling in water bath with Fehling,s/
Benedict’s reagent.
RCHO + 2Cu2++ 5OH- → RCOO- + Cu2O(Red ppt.) + 3H2O

6 Iodoform Given by methyl ketones & aldehydes, and alcohols which can generate methyl ketones.
Test CH3COR + NaOH/I2 → CHI3(Yellow ppt) + RCOONa

7 Carboxylic (i) Sodium Bicarbonate Test:- Gives Brisk effervescence of CO2 on treatment with NaHCO3.
Acids
RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + H2O + CO2(Effervescence)
(ii) Ester Test :- Carboxylic acids reacts with alcohols in the presence of conc H2SO4 to form esters.
ROH + RCOOH → RCOOR + H2O
8 AMINE (i) Carbylamine Reaction:- Primary Amine reacts with chloroform and Alc. KOH to give a foul smell of
isocyanide whereas secondary and tertiary Amine do not respond this test
Ar/R-NH2 + CHCl3 + KOH(alc.) → Ar/R-N=C(Foul Smell) + 3KCl + 3H2O
(ii) Dye test:- Orange azo dye on treatment with benzene diazonium chloride in alkaline medium at ice
cold temp.

(iii) Hinsberg’s Test:- Hinsberg’s reagent is benzenesulphonyl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl).

(a) 10 amines react with Hinsberg’s reagent to yield N-ethylbenzenesulphonylamide soluble in alkali.
(b) 20 amines react with Hinsberg’s reagent to yield N,N-diethylbenzenesulphonamide insoluble in alkali.
(c) 30 amines do not react with Hinsberg’s reagent.
 ASSIGNMENT
Q-1. Distinguish between:
(i) methanol and ethanol
(ii) methyl amine and dimethyl amine
(iii) formic acid and acetic acid

Q-2. Out of aldehydes and ketones which would reduce Tollen's reagent ? Why

Q-3. How will you distinguish between

(i) Primary & secondary amines
(ii) Alcohols & carboxylic groups

Q-4. Give a chemical test to distinguish between the following:

(i) Ethyl amine and Diethyl amine
(ii) Acetaldehyde and Benzaldehyde

Q-5.Distinguish between the following pairs :

(i) Propanal and propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid.

Q-6. Give the chemical test to distinguish between:

(i) phenol and benzyl alcohol.
(ii) Butan-2-ol and 2-methyl propan-2-ol.

Q-7. Give one chemical test to each to distinguish between the compounds in the following pairs
(i) Anilne and Benzylamine
(ii) Ethylamine and aniline

Q-8. Give one chemical test to each to distinguish between the compounds in the following pairs
(i) Aniline and Benzylamine
(ii) Ethanal and propanone

Q-9. Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(ii) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate

Q-10. Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
(ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(iii) Ethanal and Propanal
Q-11 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Secondary and tertiary amines
(ii) Aniline and N-methylaniline.
 IUPAC NAMES OF SOME ACYCLIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

S.N. COMPOUND IUPAC NAME

1 1-Ethoxypropan-2-ol

2 2-Methylpentan-2-ol

3 3-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-4-ene-1-nitrile

4 2-Carbamoylpropanoic acid

5 Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

6 5-Amino-3-methylpentan-2-one

7 3-Carboxy-3-formylpentane-1,5-dioic acid

8 2-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-(N-methylamino)butanal

9 3-Hydroxy-4-methylhex-5-yn-1-amide

10 Pent-1-ene

11 2-Oxopropanal

12 Methyl-3-bromo-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutan-1-oate

13 4-Methylhept-5-en-2-one
14 3-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-4-en-1-al

15 5-Chloro-3-ethylpentan-2-one

16 2-(2-bromophenyl)ethanol

17 3-Ethyl-4-methylhept-5-en-2-one

18 2-Ethyl-3-methylpent-2-en-1-al

19 3,3,5-Trimethylhex-1-en-2-ol

20 2,3-Dimethyl-6-(2-methylpropyl)decane
Note :- If substituent is complex then named as substituted alkyl group by
numbering the carbon atom of this group attached to the parent chain as 1.

21 5-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)nonane
Note :- If two complex substituents are of equal length, then the complex
substituent with greater no. of alkyl groups forms a part of longest chain.

22 5-(2-Ethylbutyl)-3,3-dimethyldecane

23 ‘ 5-(1,2-Dimethylpropyl)-6-ethyldecane
Note :- While deciding the alphabetical order of various substituents, the
name of the complex substituents is considered to begin with the first letter
of complete name.
24 2-Methyl-3,3-bis(1-methylethyl)hexane

25 5,5-Bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-2-methyldecane

26 3-Methylenepenta-1,4-diene

27 4-Ethenylhept-1-en-5-yne

28 5-Ethynylhepta-1,3,6-triene
Note:- Double bonds are given preference over the triple bond and set of
locants is assigned to three double bonds

29 3-(Prop-2-ynyl)hex-4-en-2-one

30 3-(Prop-2-enyl)hex-4-yn-2-one

31 Ethane-1,2-dioic acid

32 But-2-ene-1,4-dinitrile

33 But-2-ene-1,4-dioic acid

34 But-2-ene-1,4-dial

35 Diethylbutane-1,4-dioate

36 Pentane-1,4-dione

37 3-Chloro-N-ethyl-3-methylpentan-1-amide
38 Propane-1,2,3-tricarbonitrile
Note:-According to latest conventions ,if an unbranched carbon chain is
directly liked to more than two functional groups, the organic comound is
named as a derivative of the parent alkane which does not include the
carbon atoms of the functional groups.
39 Pentane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid

40 Butane-1,2,4-tricarbaldehyde

41 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

42 3-(Cyanomethyl)hexane-1,6-dinitrile
Note:- If all the three like groups are not directly linked to the unbranched
carbon chain ,the two like groups are included in the parent chain while the
third which forms the side chain is considered as a substituent group

43 3-(Formylmethyl)hexane-1,6-dial

44 1,3-Dichloro-2-(chloromethyl)propane

45 3-(Carboxymethyl)heptane-1,7-dioic acid

46 N,N,3-Trimethylpentan-3-amine
Note:- Alphabets are given preference over numerals

47 Methyl-3-chlorobut-2-en-1-oate

48 2,3-Dimethylpentanoyl chloride

49 3-ethyl-5-methylheptane

50 2,5,6-Trimethyloctane
 NOMENCLATURE OF ACYCLIC COMPOUNDS

Cyclopropane

Cyclobutane

Cyclopentane

Cyclohexane

Chlorocyclopentane

1-methylethylcyclohexane

cyclohexene

1-methyl-3-propylcyclohexane

1,1-dimethyl-3- propylcyclohexane

IUPAC NAMES OF SOME AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

S.N. COMPOUND IUPAC NAME

1 Benzene

2 Toluene

3 1,2-Dimethylbenzene
(o-Xylene)
4 1,3-Dimethylbenzene
(m-Xylene)

5 1,4-Dimethylbenzene
(p-Xylene)

6 Ethylbenzene

7 2-Propylbenzene
(Isopropylbenzene or Cumene)

8 Ethenylbenzene
(Styrene)

9 Ethynylbezene
(Phenylacetylene)

10 Chlorobenzene

11 1,2-Dichiorobenzene

12

13

14

15

16

17