USES

Heavy water Moderators in Nuclear reactor, tracer element to study the mechanisms of organic reactions and coolant in nuclear reactors to absorb
the heat.
Deuterium Tracer element to study the mechanisms of organic reactions, High speed deuterium is used in Artificial radio activity
and in the preparation of heavy water which used as Moderators in Nuclear reactor.
Hydrogen Liquid hydrogen is used as Rocket Fuel, preparing Fertilizer and explosives and catalyst for the preparation of Vanaspathi
Hydrogen peroxide It is used as Antiseptic, to bleach paper and textile and in treatment to oxidize pollutant in water.
Plaster of Paris Plasters in building industry, treatment of Bone fracture and Sprains, making Statues and in Dentistry.
Gypsum Making Plaster Boards, Sculptures,surgical and ortho pedic casts, soil conditioner and fertilizer in agriculture and making tooth
paste, Shampoos and hair products.
Lithium Li-Al alloy making Aircraft parts,Lithium carbonate is used in medicines and making electro chemical cells.
Washing soda In Laundry, Volumetric analysis, treatment to convert hard water to soft water and to prepare Glass, Paper and Paints.
Sodium chloride common salt and to prepare NaOH and Sodium Carbonate.
Sodium hydroxide Laboratory reagent, in refining Petroleum, to prepare soap and paper and in textile industry
Backing soda Fire Extinguisher, Antiseptic for skin infections and in Baking.
Beryllium Radiation windows in X-ray tubes and X-ray detector, sample holders in X-Ray emission studies, to built Beam pipes in accelerators
and in Detectors.
Magnesium To remove sulphur from Iron and steel, Refining of Titanium in Kroll Process, in Printing Industry , Aero plane construction and
synthesis of Grignard reagent .
Calcium Reducing agent in the metallurgy of Uranium, making cement and Fertilizers, dehydrating oils and to prepare Plaster.
Strontium Sr-90 is used in Cancer Treatment, Dating Rocks, radioactive tracer in determining the source of ancient archaeological
materials such as timbers and coins.
Barium Metallurgy and Radiology, De-Oxidizer in refining Copper and to remove Oxygen in Television and Electronic tubes.
Radium Self luminous paint in watches, clocks, Dials and Aircraft switches.
Calcium oxide Manufacture cement, mortar and glass, sodium carbonate and slaked lime,purification of sugar.and drying agent .
Calcium hydroxide Preparation of mortar, a building material, in white wash due to its disinfectant nature,making glass, tanning industry, preparation of
bleaching powder and for the purification of sugar.
Bomb calorimeter Determine the amount of heat released in combustion reaction, the calorific value of food and in many industries such as metabolic
study, food processing, explosive testing etc.
Equilibrium To find the direction of the reaction taking place, the extend of the reaction and the equilibrium concentration of the reactant and the
constant product.
Alkanes Fuels for domestic cooking purpose, GASOLINE is a complex mixture of many hydrocarbons used as a fuel for internal-
 combustion engines and Carbon black is used in the manufacture of ink, printer ink and black pigments.
PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) Soft drinks bottles, jars, vegetable oil bottle.
HDPE (High-density polyethylene) Milk, water and juice containers.
LDPE (Low density polyethylene ) Sandwich bags, grocery bags
PVC (Polyvinyl chloride ) Shampoo bottles, plastic pipes.
PP (Polypropylene) Straws, diaper, toys .
PS (Polystyrene) Disposable utensil, foam cups
Alkynes Oxy acetylene torch used for welding and cutting metals and manufacture of PVC, polyvinyl acetate,
polyvinyl ether, orlon and Neoprene rubbers.
Benzene Preparation of Phenols, Toluene, Nitrobenzene and BHC.
Chloroform Anesthetic, insecticide and soil sterilising agent and solvent.
Iodoform Antiseptic, due to the liberation of free iodine.
Carbon Cleaning Purpose, Solvent and in fire Extinguishers .
tetrachloride
Grignard Reagent Preparation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, carboxylic acids, Alkyl cyanides and higher ethers.
Chloro benzene Manufacture of pesticides like DDT , high boiling solvent in organic synthesis and fibre - swelling agent in textile processing.
Freons Refrigerants in refrigerators and air conditioners , propellant for aerosols and foams and propellant for foams to spray out
deodorants, shaving creams, and insecticides.
DDT Control certain insects which carries diseases like malaria and yellow fever, in farms to control some agricultural pestsand
to kill various insects like housefly and mosquitoes due to its high and specific toxicity.

V.SURESHKANNA, GHSS, THIRUMANJOLAI.SIVAGANGAI – DT.