lml!
ort1nt R~•1ents
SI
Reagent /Conditions Reaction Remark
No
Strong Oxidation
KMnO,. I H+ - CH20H ➔ - COOH
1 1° ale ➔ Acid
K2Cr2Cn/H+ - CH-OH ~-c =o
I I 2° ale ➔ ketone
AgNO.vN~OH
2. -CHO ➔ -COOH Aldehyde➔ Acid
Tollen' s reagent
Felhing's solution Aldehyde➔ Acid
3. Alkaline CuSO◄ -CHO ➔ -COOH
Na-K Tartarate Only aliphatic aldehydcs
- COOH ➔ - CH20H
Acid ➔ 1° alcohol
- c=o _. -CH-O H
I I Ketone ➔ 2° alcohol
LiAlH,.
4. Strong Reduction - CHO ➔ - CH20H Aldehyde ➔ 1° alcohol
-COCl ➔ -CH20H Alkyl halide ➔ 1° alcohol
-CONH2 ➔ -CH2NH2 Amide ➔ 1° alcohol
-NC ➔ -NHCH 3 Isocyanide ➔ l O alcohol
- CN ➔ - CH2NH2 Cyanide ➔ Primary amine
NaBH,.
s. - CHO ➔ - CH20H Aldehyde ➔ 1° Alcohol
Only for Aldehydes
-CH20H ➔-CHO
Cu / S73 K or Cr01 or
6. Dehydrogenation
PCC -CH-O H ~ -c=o
I I
7. PCls or PCl3 or SOCh -OH➔ -Cl Substitution
8. AqNaOH / KOH -X➔ -OH Nucleopbilic substitution
9. KCN -X ➔ -CN Nucleophilic substitution
10 AgCN -X ➔ -NC Nucleophilic substitution
11 Alcoholic KOH Alkyl lmlide ➔ Alkene Dehydrohalogenation
H Br
Markonikov addition
12 HBr -r=,- _. -r-r- I I
Alkene ➔ alkyl halide
13 H2/ Pd-BaSO• -COCI ➔ -CHO
Rosenmund Reduction
14 Zn-Hg/HCI >C=O ➔ -CH2- Clemmenson Reduction
15 NH3 / A -COOH ➔ - CONl-h -COOH + NH3➔ -
COONff.
16 Br2/ NaOH -CONH2 ➔ - NH2 Step Down ( Hoffmann)
17 HN02 or NaN02/HCl -NH2 ➔ -OH HONO
18 CHCh I ale KOH -NH2 ➔ -NC Carbyl amine
19 P20s -CONH2 ➔ -CN Dehydration
20 H10-r -CN ➔ -COOH Acidic Hydrolysis
21 Olf -CN ➔ -CONH2 Alkaline hydrolysis
22 RcdP / Ch a-Hof acid -Cl HVZ Reaction
In benzene ring
Condition from to Electrophilic substitution
23 Fe/X2/dark -H -X Halogenation
24 CH1Cl / AICh(anhyd) -H -CH1 Friedel Craft alkylation
25 CH1COCI I AlCh(anhyd) -H -COCH3 Friedel Craft acylation
26 Conc.HN03'con.H2SO. -H -N02 Nitration
27 ConcH2SO• -H -S038 Sulphonation
28 KMnO. I H+ -R -COOH Oxidation
29 Cr02Ch / H+ Mild oxidation(Etard
-CH3 -CHO
Reaction)
30 Sn / HCI or Fe/HCI -NOi -NH2 Reduction
31 NaOH / 623K / 300 atm -Cl -OH
32 Zn dust / A -OH -H
NaNO2/ dil HCl / 273- -NH2 -N2+cr
33 Diazo reaction
278K
34 CuCl/HCI orCu/HCl -N2tcr -Cl Sandmeyer or Gattennann
35 CuBr / HBr or Cu/HBr -N2+cr -Br Sandmeyer or Gattermann
36 CuCN / KCN -Nt cr -CN Sandmeyer
37 Kl -N2·cr -l
38 HBF,. / A -N/ Cr -F
39 H3PC>i or CH3CH2OH -N2+cr -H
40 H2O I 283 K -N/ Cr -OH
41 HBFJ NaN().z, Cu / A -N2+cr -NO2
-N=N-C6Rs-
42 C6"s-OH -Ntcr Coupling ( p-hydroxy)
OH
-N=N-CJls-
43 C6"s-NH2 -Nt cr Coupling ( p-amino)
NH2
Alcohols and Phenol
S.No Test CH3~0H H3C-CH-CH3 CH 3 OH
Primary alcohol
' I
6
I OH H3c-c-cu
I 3
Secondary alcohol OH
Tertiary Alcohol
Phenol
I. Lucas test No turbidity at Turbidity after 5 Immediate No
'b/concHCl room temperature minutes turbidity characteristic
re.action
2. lodofonn test Yellow ppt of Yellow ppt of No reaction No
12'NaOH lodofonn (CHl3) lodoform (Cl03)
characteristic
reaction
3. Victor Blood red Blue colouration No colouration No
Meyer's Test colouration
characteristic
Ph/AgN02' reaction
HONO/NaOH
4. Neutral FeCl3 No characteristic No characteristic No characteristic Violet
reaction reaction reaction Colouration
5. Bromine No characteristic No characteristic No characteristic Whiteppt
water reaction reaction reaction
Aldeh ides and Ketones
S.No Rea,:tent HCHO CH3CHO CH1COCH3 CJisCHO
l. ToUen's reagent Silver-mirror Silver mirror No characteristic Silver mirror
AgNO:JNH,.OH reaction
2. Felhing's Red ppt of Cu20 Red ppt of Cu20 No characteristic No
solution reaction characteristic
Alkaline reaction
CuSOJNa-K
tartarate
3. Iodofonn test No characteristic Yellow ppt of Yellow ppt of No
l2/NaOH reaction Iodoform Io~ofonn (CHh) characteristic
(CHl3) reaction
Carboxylic acids and ohenol
S.No Reagent HCOOH CH3COOH C6"sCOOH OH
1. Totlen's reagent Silver mirror No No characteristic
6
Phenol
No
AgNOINH.OH characteristic reaction characteristic
reaction reaction
2. Neutral FcC'3 No characteristic Wine red Buffppt Violet
reaction colouration Colouration
3. NaHC03 Brisk Brisk Brisk No
Solution effervescences effervescences effervescences effervescences
Amines (R)2NH (R)3N NH2
S.N Reagent RNH2
Primary Amine Secondary amine Tertiary amine
0
I ~I
~
Abnoxious smell of No cbanctcristic No No characteristic
l Carbylamine
isocyanides reaction characteristic reaction
test reaction
CHC'3 + ale.
KOH
Am dye test Dye formed is No characteristic No Orange red dye
2 reaction characteristic
NaN02'ffCV unstable aod not is formed
phenol isolated reaction
Evolution of nitrogen Yellow oily liquid A water Smell ofpbcnol
3 HN02 test
gas which is formed due to soluble salt
colourless and formation of N- formed
odourless ni.troso
dialkvlamine
Hmsberg Compound formed is Compound Compo1,111d Compound
4
test soluble in KOH and formed is formed is formed is soluble
Benz.enc insoluble in HCI insoluble in KOH insoluble in inKOHand
sulphonyl and insoluble in KOH and insoluble in HCI
chloride HCl soluble in HCI
5. Br2 water No characteristic No characteristic No White pptof
reaction reaction characteristic Tribromoaniline
reaction is formed
