Russia:

1) What justification does Russia offer for recruiting and enlisting young adult male refugees
from Central Asian nations, especially considering its current military activities and the moral
consequences of specifically targeting such populations? This has even caused many
battlefield casualties in Ukraine. These migrants often live in poor conditions, face
discrimination, and have limited access to social services.

2) Obtaining official refugee status or temporary asylum in Russia presents severe

bureaucratic challenges for refugees and asylum seekers. The procedure can be lengthy and
complicated, frequently leaving people in a situation where they are unable to obtain the right
paperwork, healthcare, or work.
Few applicants in Russia's complex asylum procedure are given refugee status. Instead, a
large number are granted temporary asylum, which is reversible but does not confer the same
rights as permanent status as refugees.
What is Russia's position on the difficulties encountered by those seeking formal refugee
status or temporary asylum in the country? In light of the lengthy procedures and complex
documentation needs, Reversibility of Temporary Asylum: Many people in Russia are uneasy
about their futures because of this unstable scenario.
3) Russia remains silent while migrants from Central Asia face backlash, including the
burning down of migrant-owned businesses and attacks on hostels. Numerous more incidents
of prejudice and violent attacks against refugees and migrants have occurred in Russia,
posing challenges to their successful integration along with linguistic, cultural, and
xenophobic barriers. Comment.
4) Repatriation has been emphasized heavily in Russia's approach to refugee policy. This
approach stems from the idea that rather than permanently blending into Russian society,
refugees should return to their native countries as soon as circumstances permit. This leads to
issues with human rights, difficulties with integration, and a lack of long-term support. What
is the response from Russia to this?

Afghanistan:
1) Many people have been displaced due to decades of conflict, which began with the Soviet
invasion in 1979 and continued with the Taliban insurgency and their recent takeover in 2021.
Due to violence, insecurity, and persecution, millions of Afghans have been compelled to
leave their homes. However, Afghanistan is primarily concerned with delivering aid to the
needy, guaranteeing access to necessities, and enabling safe returns for those who want to
return home. Is that not contradictory? You want to make sure that refugees entering your
country have all they need, but the Taliban forces your inhabitants to flee and become
refugees. Why not prioritize assisting your folks in receiving humanitarian aid?
2) There have been instances where Afghan refugees have been pressured or forced to return
to Afghanistan from countries like Pakistan and Iran, despite ongoing insecurity and lack of
support systems in their home areas, which can lead to further displacement. So how is
Afghanistan ensuring "safe" returns? While in reality, the refugees are just roaming around
without proper facilities. So also are Pakistan and Iran just playing with the refugees?
Because the refugees are just being thrown around by these countries.
3) Many Afghans who have been relocated experience extreme food poverty and have little
access to a healthy diet. Drought, the COVID-19 pandemic, and problems with aid delivery
have made things worse.
Healthcare access is restricted, particularly for people who have been evacuated. Disease
outbreak risk is also increased by overcrowding in IDP settlements and refugee camps. How
is this matter being handled by the Afghan government?
4) Landmines and explosive weapons still pose a serious threat to refugees and internally
displaced people (IDPs) in Afghanistan, especially in rural regions. In what ways is
Afghanistan defending refugees against this danger?
USA:
1) There is a huge backlog of thousands of cases in the US asylum system. As a result,
asylum applicants now face lengthy wait periods; they might even be in legal limbo for years
before their claims are heard. Due to the backlog, it is challenging to handle cases in an
equitable and timely manner in immigration courts, legal aid programs, and detention
facilities. What steps is the US taking to address this issue? How will resources be distributed
fairly and the backlog be cleared?
2) Many children cross the border unaccompanied by their parents or guardians. When will
the US government start creating social services, housing, and unique legal protections?
3) Asylum seekers now find it more difficult to enter or stay in the United States as a result of
certain policies, such as the "Remain in Mexico" program and a reduction of refugee
admissions. While they wait for processing, migrants who stay in Mexico are vulnerable to
attacks. Regular changes in policy make it more difficult for refugees and asylum seekers to
navigate the immigration system by causing legal uncertainty. What are the defenseless
refugees in Mexico expected to do? endure constant fear of harm till their immigration court
date comes around? Is this one of those things where you just impose stuff without any
regulation? Like you came to our country and then didn’t find any “weapons of mass
destruction” and then went on the take control of our oil reserves?

4) If they arrive without proper documentation, many refugees face immediate detention; the
increase in detention has led to conditions of confinement that are frequently awful, including
severely inadequate health care, physical and sexual abuse, overcrowding, discrimination,
and racism. Therefore, are you welcoming refugees only to place them in detention where
they suffer horrible treatment?
5) The media usually presents refugees as scared people, highlighting the crime rates or
health issues related to immigrant communities instead of highlighting their contributions to
society and tales of resiliency. According to surveys, a large number of Americans have
unfavorable opinions of refugees and associate them with terrorism or financial hardships.
Social exclusion and prejudice in the workplace, housing market, and community inclusion
can result from this stigma. What does the government want to achieve by doing this?

6) The delegates here are stating that US supports refugees or whatever. But in reality we
have Trump stating things like, "Why are we having all these people from shithole countries
come here?"
"Mexico is sending rapists and drug dealers"
"Syrian refugees could be 'ISIS-affiliated"
"Haitians immigrants 'all have AIDS"
"Nigerians will 'never go back to their huts"
If reputed politicians of the US are saying such things, then of course the citizens have a
sense of social stigma towards the refugees. What would the delegates of the US like to
comment on these?

Hungary:

1) Hungary built a border fence to keep out migrants and refugees along its southern borders
with Serbia and Croatia. In addition to more border police, this physical barrier prevents
refugees from entering and seeking assistance. Are refugees to be stopped by a border fence
like goats? Is that how they see them in Hungary? Now that is a violation of Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) that asserts that everyone has the right to seek
asylum from persecution.
2) Hungary's policy of holding asylum seekers in border transit zones has drawn criticism.
These areas have been compared as prisons, with little access to essential amenities and legal
counsel. Furthermore, it has been alleged that Hungarian officials have engaged in pushbacks,
removing asylum applicants' claims and sending them back to Serbia. That, in fact, is against
UN Charter Article 55. What is Hungary's opinion on this matter? (Article 55: Calls for
universal respect for human rights without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.)

3) Hungary has implemented laws that criminalize illegal entry into the country, with
penalties that include imprisonment. This policy has been part of the government’s broader
effort to deter refugees and migrants from attempting to cross the border.
The Hungarian government has also passed legislation that targets non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) assisting refugees and migrants. Laws have been introduced to restrict
the activities of NGOs, labeling their work as "facilitating illegal immigration." This has
hindered the ability of civil society to provide aid and legal support to refugees. If they are
criminalizing refugees, why should Europe, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Israel,
and Latin America host their refugees? Refugees are not criminals! They are helpless people
who have been displaced due to uncertain reasons.

4) Under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, the Hungarian government has launched extensive
anti-immigration campaigns, depicting migrants and refugees as a danger to identity, culture,
and national security. These efforts have included derogatory images of refugees in media
messaging, billboards, and posters. As a result, there is now more animosity against migrants
and refugees, which makes it harder for those who do manage to stay in the nation to
integrate into society. In Hungary's refugee system, vulnerable groups—such as
unaccompanied minors, expectant mothers, and those with disabilities—face especially
difficult circumstances. Now at this point, let me name all the articles your country is
violating:
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Article 1: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights."
Article 2: "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status."
Article 3: "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person."
Article 14: "Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution."
2. 1951 Refugee Convention
Article 3 (Non-Discrimination): "The Contracting States shall apply the provisions of this
Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin."
Article 31 (Refugees Unlawfully in the Country of Refuge): Refugees should not be
penalized for their illegal entry or presence if they present themselves to the authorities
without delay and show good cause for their illegal entry.
Article 33 (Prohibition of Expulsion or Return 'Non-refoulement'): No Contracting State shall
expel or return ('refouler') a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories
where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality,
membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
3. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
Article 2 (Non-Discrimination): States must respect and ensure the rights set forth in the
Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind.
Article 22 (Refugee Children): Special protection is required for children seeking refugee
status, whether accompanied or unaccompanied, and states are obliged to cooperate with
competent organizations to protect and assist these children.
4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Article 7: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment."
Article 9: "Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected
to arbitrary arrest or detention."
Article 26: "All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination
to the equal protection of the law."
5. UN Charter (General Principles)
Preamble: The Charter emphasizes the dignity and worth of the human person and the equal
rights of men and women and of nations large and small.
Article 1(3): The UN Charter aims to achieve international cooperation in solving
international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in
promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all
without distinction.

What does Hungary have to say for this?

Ukraine:
1) Since males of fighting age are frequently forced to remain in Ukraine, women and
children make up a sizable component of the country's refugee population. These populations
are especially susceptible to abuse, trafficking, and other forms of exploitation. They also
encounter difficulties with childcare, schooling, and mental health services. Because they
require specialized care, have mobility limitations, and health concerns, elderly and disabled
refugees confront significant challenges. Getting proper medical care and assistance in the
host country might be challenging. What steps is Ukraine taking to safeguard these weaker
populations?

Israel:
1) Israel has a very low recognition rate for asylum claims, many Africans seeking asylum are
granted temporary visas that need to be renewed regularly. They continue to have an unstable
legal situation and are denied many basic rights and services. Does the government intend to
do something about this?
2) Offering financial rewards for leaving voluntarily constitutes a threat, particularly
because many asylum seekers have no other options. Financially strapped individuals or
families may find the proposition alluring, but there may be long-term repercussions. Despite
the fact that the government may present these offers as voluntary, people may feel under
pressure to accept them because of their difficult circumstances. Given the numerous
drawbacks of offering financial incentives, why would one still want to do so?
3) Another big issue for asylum seekers is housing, particularly in places like Tel Aviv where
a large number of them have made their home. Common problems include high rent, cramped
living quarters, and discrimination in the housing market. This population is more vulnerable
due to a lack of secure housing. Will you not give them a suitable place to live? Why are you
putting them at risk?
4) Israel is opposing the right to return giving several reasons. Think from the human
perspective. Why don’t you want to send a man and his family back to his native where he
truly belongs?
China:
1) China has classified North Korean refugees as "illegal economic migrants." Because of
this designation, China is able to send them back to North Korea, where they frequently
suffer harsh penalties like detention, forced labor, and even execution. Is China not a human
rights advocate? Do they wish to return vulnerable families to the harsh regime of North
Korea?
2) The concept of non-refoulement, which forbids returning people to a nation where they
would face persecution, is broken by the repatriation. China continues this policy in spite of
these critiques to prevent putting its relations with North Korea under stress. So just to
manage your relationship with DPRK, you want to put refugees' lives at risk by sending them
back?

3) Human rights violations against Uyghurs, including extensive detention in "re-education

camps," are a result of China's policies in Xinjiang. It is illegal for Uyghurs to openly practice
their language, religion, or other essential aspects of their identity. Limitations encompass all
facets of existence, such as attire, speech, nutrition, and learning. Chinese authorities keep a
careful eye on Uyghur religious establishments. This also holds true for refugees from Tibet.
Mass arbitrary arrests and detentions, sexual violence, mass surveillance, persecution of
certain cultures and religions, family division, forced labor, mass surveillance, and torture
have all been reported. Why is China allowing the Uyghur refugees to suffer like this?
4) We would like to remind China that they are a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention
because they have violated almost the entire convention. 1. Article 1: Definition of the Term
"Refugee"
Alleged Violation: China's refusal to recognize North Korean escapees as refugees, labeling
them instead as "illegal economic migrants," is seen as a violation of the Convention's
definition of refugees, which includes individuals fleeing persecution.
Article 31: Refugees Unlawfully in the Country of Refuge
Alleged Violation: Article 31 prohibits penalizing refugees for illegal entry or presence if they
come directly from a territory where their life or freedom was threatened. China's detention
and punishment of North Korean refugees who enter the country without authorization may
violate this article.
Article 32: Expulsion
Alleged Violation: Article 32 restricts the expulsion of refugees lawfully in the country,
requiring due process and allowing them to present their case. China's practice of forcibly
repatriating North Korean refugees without proper legal procedures or consideration of their
refugee status potentially violates this article.
Article 33: Prohibition of Expulsion or Return ("Non-Refoulement")
Alleged Violation: Article 33 is a core principle of the Convention, prohibiting the return of
refugees to a country where they may face persecution. China's forced repatriation of North
Korean refugees, who face severe punishment upon return, is widely seen as a breach of this
non-refoulement principle.
Article 26: Freedom of Movement
Alleged Violation: Article 26 ensures that refugees lawfully in a country have the right to
move freely within its territory. Refugees in China, particularly North Korean refugees, often
face restrictions on their movement and are subject to detention.
DRC:
1) When it comes to natural resources, especially minerals like cobalt, copper, diamonds, and
gold, the Democratic Republic of the Congo stands among the world's wealthiest nations. But
is the UNHCR aware of its adverse features? In the DRC, most mining is unlicensed and
illegal. Additionally, children who are refugees or internally displaced people are exploited by
the DRC. Children who are refugees are forced to labor in illicit mines or are trafficked.
These mines have very risky circumstances that expose kids to harmful equipment, poisonous
chemicals, and physical abuse. Is this how Congo ensures the safety of its refugees?
2) In the DRC, refugees and internally displaced people—especially women and children—
are frequently vulnerable to abuse, exploitation, and violence. In places affected by conflict,
sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a widespread problem that is made worse by a
lack of accountability and legal protection. When will the security of women and children
who are refugees be guaranteed?
Bangladesh:

1) In Bangladesh, there have been instances of violence and prejudice against Hindus. More
refugees are fleeing to India as a result of this problem. What measures does Bangladesh
intend to take in this regard?
2) The Rohingya camps are extremely poor places to live. In addition to being congested, the
camps lack proper access to healthcare, potable water, and sanitary facilities. The temporary
homes that refugees reside in are susceptible to landslides and floods. Will this be fixed by
the Bangladeshi government? If so, how?
Nigeria:

1) Millions have been forced to escape their homes as a result of the Boko Haram insurgency
in northeastern Nigeria. When it comes to violence, kidnapping, and sexual slavery at the
hands of rebels, women and girls are frequently the most impacted. Sexual assault and rape of
women and girls are commonplace in Nigerian camps for internally displaced people (IDPs)
and refugees. Security personnel, armed organizations, and even charity workers are among
the perpetrators. Some women and girls are forced into "survival sex"—exchanging sex for
food, shelter, or other necessities—due to the dire circumstances in many camps. Those in
positions of authority, such as camp administrators and security guards, frequently engage in
this kind of exploitation. Given this, how can women be guaranteed to feel secure in Nigeria?
The government isnt doing anything about it as cases like thee increase day by day.
Australia:
1) Australia has enforced a rigorous strategy of stopping ships that are transporting asylum
seekers and sending them to offshore processing facilities in Papua New Guinea's Manus
Island and Nauru. Even if it is determined that boat arrival asylum seekers are refugees, they
are not permitted to settle in Australia. Because of their extended prison time, detainees deal
with overcrowding, poor healthcare, and mental health problems. There have also been
reports of both sexual and physical abuse. If the conditions for the refugees in custody will be
so terrible, why is the offshore program even necessary?

Poland and Venezuela (Not very controversial)