evsjv fvlv

 fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb Kx? Dt aŸwb  evsjv m‡bi cÖeZ©K †K?

 k‡ãi g~j Dcv`vb Kx? Dt eY© Dt m¤ªvU AvKei|
 ev‡K¨i g~j Dcv`vb Kx?Dt kã  fvlvi w`K w`‡q evsjv fvlvi wØZxq
 eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z KZwU fvlv MÖš’ †KvbwU?
cÖPwjZ Av‡Q? Dt kÖxK…òKxZ©b|
Dt cÖvq lv‡i wZb nvRv‡ii Dc‡i e¨vKiY
 fvlv fvlx RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q evsjvi e¨vKiY k‡ãi ey¨rcwËMZ A_©
¯’vb KZ? we‡klfv‡e we‡kœlY (we + Av +
Dt c„w_exi PZy_© e„nr gvZ…fvlv K…/Ki + Ab)
 c„w_exi Avw` fvlvi bvg wK? me©cÖ_g e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib cvwYYx|
Dt B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv Zvui e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Aó¨va¨vqx| GwU
 fvlvi cv_©K¨ I cwieZ©b N‡U wK‡m? AvbygvwbK wLª. c~. mßg kZ‡K iPbv
Dt ‡`k, Kvj I cwi‡ek‡f‡` Kiv nq| GB e¨vKi‡Yi fvl¨Kvi n‡”Qb
 fv‡ei Drm wK?Dt fvlv cZÄwj|
 eZ©gv‡b cÖvq KZ †jvK evsjv fvlvq me©cÖ_g 1734 mv‡j evsjv e¨vKiY
K_v e‡j? iPbv K‡ib g¨vbyqvj `¨v
Dt cÖvq PweŸk †KvwU †jvK evsjv Avm&my¤úmuvI| 1734 mv‡j ‡ivgvb
fvlvq K_v e‡j| evsjv‡`k QvovI cwðg ni‡d GwU gyw`ªZ nq|
e½, wÎcyiv, wenvi, Dwol¨v I Avmvg Gici e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib b¨v_vwb‡qj
cÖ‡`‡ki gvbyl evsjvq K_v e‡j| eªvwm n¨vj‡nW| 1778 mv‡j GwU
 evsjv fvlvq †gvU kã msL¨v KZ? cÖKvwkZ nq
Dt cÖvq GK jÿ cuwPk nvRvi| Gici e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib DBwjqvg †Kwi,
 evsjv eY© KLb ¯’vqx iƒc jvf K‡i? 1801 mv‡j GwU cÖKvwkZ nq|
Dt Ewbk kZ‡K gy`ªY hš¿ Avwe®‹vi evOvwj‡`i g‡a¨ me© cÖ_g e¨vKiY
ci| iPbv K‡ib ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq 1826
 evsjv eY©gvjv D™¢e N‡U †Kvb mv‡j| KjKvZvi ¯‹zj eyK Ae
wjwc ‡_‡K? †mvmvBwU KZ…©K GwU cÖKvwkZ
Dt eªvþxwjwc †_‡K| nq| Zvui G e¨vKi‡Yi bvg †MŠoxq
 evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ KLb? Dt wLªw÷q e¨vKiY|
mßg kZ‡K|
 gynv¤§` knx`yjøvi g‡Z evsjv fvlvi  evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welqt
Rb¥ †Kvb fvlv †_‡K? 4wU
Dt †MŠoxq cÖvK…Z n‡Z| K) aŸwbZË¡
 fvlvi †gŠwjK iƒc KqwU? L) kãZË¡ ev c`µg
Dt `ywU K) ˆjwLK L) †gŠwLK M) evK¨ZË¡ ev c`µg
 c„w_exi KZ †KvwU †jv‡Ki gy‡Li fvlv N) A_©ZË¡
evsjv?
Dt PweŸk †KvwU  aŸwbZ‡Ë¡i Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~nt
 ‰gw_wj I evsjv fvlvi wgkÖ‡Y †Kvb aŸwbZË¡t aŸwb, aŸwb cÖKiY, aŸwbi
fvlvi m„wó nq? D”PviY, aŸwbi web¨vm, aŸwbi
Dt eªReywj fvlv| cwieZ©b, eY©, mwÜ, l-Z¡ weavb, Y-
 eªReywj Kx ai‡bi fvlv? Z¡ weavb cÖf„wZ aŸwb m¤^Üxq
Dt eªReywj fvlvwU Kwe‡`i m„wó K… e¨vKi‡Yi welq¸wj aŸwbZ‡Ë¡ Av‡jvwPZ
wÎg| nq|
 iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvui Ôfvbywmsn  kã ev iƒcZ‡Ë¡i Av‡jvP¨
VvKz‡ii c`vejxÕ Kve¨wU iPbv K‡ib welqmg~nt
eªReywj fvlvq|
kã ev iƒcZË¡ kã, k‡ãi cÖKvi, c` cÖKiY, kã
 evOvwj bv n‡qI evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
MVb, DcmM©, cÖZ¨q, wefw³, wj½, ePb,
¯^Zš¿ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q †K?
avZz, kãiƒc, KviK, mgvm, wµqv-cÖKiY,
Dt we`¨vcwZ|
wµqvi Kvj, wµqvi fve, k‡ãi ey¨rcwË R) gvÎvnxb eY©- G, H, I, J, O, T, r, s, t|
BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv kã ev 10 wU|
iƒcZ‡Ë¡ _v‡K| S) c~Y© gvÎvi ¯^i eY©- A, Av, B, C, D,
E, | †gvU 06 wU|
 evK¨ZË¡ ev c`µ‡gi Av‡jvP¨
T) AagvÎvhy³ ¯^ieY©- F| 1 wU|
welqmg~nt U) gvÎvnxb ¯^ieY©- G, H, I, J| †gvU 04
evK¨ZË¡ ev c`µgt evK¨, ev‡K¨i Ask, wU|
ev‡K¨i cÖKvi, evK¨ we‡kølY, evK¨ V) nmšÍ wPýt ¯^ieY© hy³ bv n‡j e¨Äb
cwieZ©b, c`µg, evM&aviv, evK¨ e‡Y©i wb‡¤œ GKwU we‡kl wPý
ms‡KvPb, evK¨ ms‡hvRb, evK¨ †`Iqv nq| H wP‡ýi bvg nmšÍ wPý|
we‡qvRb, hwZ‡”Q` ev weivgwPý cÖf… h_vt- K&, `&, evK¨|
wZ welq evK¨Z‡Ë¡ Av‡jvwPZ nq| W) eY© ms‡hvMt e‡Y© e‡Y© †hvM
 A_©Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~nt Kiv‡K eY© ms‡hvM e‡j| wewfbœ
A_©ZË¡t k‡ãi A_©wePvi, ev‡K¨i A_© eY© ms‡hv‡M kã m„wó nq| †hgb-
wePvi, A‡_©i wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f`| †hgb- K& + A + e& + B = Kwe|
gyL¨v_©, †MŠYv_©, wecixZv_©K kã X) eY© we‡kølYt kãw¯’Z eY©¸wj c„_K
BZ¨vw` A_©Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jvP¨ welq| K‡i †`Lv‡bv bvg eY© we‡kølY| h_v-
K. Q›`cÖKiY L. AjsKvi| weòz = e& + B + l& + Y& + D

aŸwb I eY© cÖKiY  D”PviY ¯’vb Abyhvqx ¯^iaŸwbi

 aŸwbt †Kvb fvlvi D”PvwiZ kã‡K 7wU Ae¯’vbt
we‡kølY Ki‡j Zvi †h cigvYy ev m¤§yL
AwefvR¨ ÿz`ªZg Ask cvIqv hvq ZvB ga¨¯’ cðvr
aŸwb| †hgb- A, Av, K, L| D”P B/C D/E
 eY©t aŸwbi Pÿz MÖvn¨ wjwLZ iƒc D”P G I
ev aŸwb wb‡`©kK cÖZxK ev ga¨
wPý‡KB eY© e‡j| †hgb- A, Av, K, L| wb¤œ G¨v Av A
 Aÿit wbtk¦v‡mi ¯^íZg cÖqv‡m GKB ga¨
eÿ ¯ú›`‡bi d‡j †h aŸwb ev aŸwb¸”Q
 D”PviY ¯’vb Abyhvqx e¨ÄbaŸwb¸‡jv‡K cvuPfv‡M
GKevi GK‡Î D”PwiZ nq Zv‡K Aÿi e‡j|
†hgb- ÔAvgivÕ kãwU‡Z ÔAvgÕ fvM Kiv hvq| †m¸‡jv wb¤œiƒct
ÒivÓ GB `yBwU Aÿi| bvg eY D”PviY
K) evsjv fvlvq e¨eüZ eY©¸wji mgwó‡K ¯’vb
eY©gvjv e‡j| Kɨ K, L, M, N, O wRnŸvg~j
L) eY© `yÕcÖKvi | h_v-¯^ieY© I e¨Äb Zvj P, Q, R, S, T, k, q, AMÖZvjy
eY©| e¨ h
M) ¯^ieY©t †h mKj eY© Ab¨ aŸwbi gya U, V, W, X, Y, i, o, cðvr
mvnvh¨ Qvov D”PwiZ nq Zv‡K ©b p, l `šÍg~j
¯^ieY© e‡j| ¯^ieY© 11wU| ¨
N) e¨Äb eY©t †h mKj eY© ¯^‡ii `šÍ¨ Z, _, `, a, b, j, m AMÖ
mvnv‡h¨ e¨³ ev D”PvwiZ nq Zv‡K `šÍg~j
e¨Äb eY© e‡j| e¨Äb eY© 39 wU| Iô¨ c, d, e, f, g Iô¨
O) gvÎvt evsjv eY©gvjvi †Kvb †Kvb
 D”PviYixwZ Abyhvqx e¨ÄbaŸwbi
e‡Y©i Dc‡i Ô‡iLvÕ ev ÔKwlÕ †`Iqv
nq| G‡K ejv nq gvÎv| †kÖwYwefvMt
P) c~Y© gvÎvi eY©-A, Av, B, C, D, E, ¯úk©aŸwb ev eMx©q aŸwb¸‡jv
K, N, P, Q, R, S, U, V, W, X, Z, `, b, D”PviY ¯’v‡bi w`K †_‡K cvuPwU eM©
d, e, f, g, h, i, j, l, m, n, o, p, q| †gvU
ev ¸‡”Q gnvcÖvY| AícÖvY I gnvcÖvY
32 wU|
Q) Aa© gvÎvhy³ eY©-F, L, M, Y, _, a, c, aŸwb Avevi `yfv‡M wef³; h_v- A‡Nvl I
k| †gvU 08 wU|
 †Nvl| D”PviY ixwZ Abyhvqx ¯úk© nq A‡Nvl aŸwb| h_v- K L P Q U V Z _
e¨ÄbaŸwb¸‡jvi aŸwbZvwË¡K we‡kølY| cdklm|
P) ‡Nvl aŸwbt aŸwbi D”Pvi‡Yi mgq
 e¨Äb aŸwbi D”PviYt ¯^iZš¿x AbycÖvwYZ n‡j †Nvl aŸwb
A‡N nq| h_vt cÖwZ e‡M©i †kl wZbwU
‡Nvl
vl eY© Ges n|
Zvo Q) cÖwZ e‡M©i cÖ_g, Z…Zxq I cÂg

civkÖqx
gnvcÖvY

gnvcÖvY

cvwk¦©
bvwmK¨
b aŸwbi D”PviYKv‡j k¦vm evq~ Aí
AícÖvY

AícÖvY

AšÍ¯’
RvZ

D¯§
wbM©Z nq e‡j G¸‡jv‡K AícÖvY
op aŸwb e‡j|
Kɨ K L M N O
R) e‡M©i wØZxq I PZz_© eY© Ges
Zvj K¤ú
P Q R S T D®§ e‡Y© D”PviYKv‡j k¦vm evqy
e¨ b
AwaK wbM©Z nq e‡j G¸‡jv‡K

mlk
g~ RvZ

stu
ejh
j gnvcÖvY aŸwb e‡j|
a© U V W X Y aŸw
S) Ôh,Õ ÔiÕ, ÔjÕ, ÔeÕ G‡`i weï×
v b
D”PviY ¯^i I e¨Äb aŸwbi ga¨eZ©x|
`šÍ¨ Z _ ` a b Giv LuvwU e¨Äb eY© bq Ges LuvwU
i
Iô¨ c d e f g ¯^ieY©I bq| GRb¨ h I e †K Aa© ¯^i
Ges i I j-‡K Zij¯^i ev Aa©e¨Äb e‡j|
K) K-g ch©šÍ 25wU aŸwb‡K
T) ÔiÕ wRnŸviAMÖfvM Kw¤úZ K‡i G
¯ú„ó/¯úk©/eMx©q aŸwb e‡j|
aŸwb D”PviY nq e‡j GK K¤úbRvZ
L) h, i, j, e AšÍt¯’ aŸwb|
aŸwb e‡j|
M) n-‡Nvl gnvcÖvY aŸwb|
U) ÔjÕ Gi D”PviYKv‡j wRnŸvi `yÕcvk
N) k, l, D®§ aŸwb|
w`‡q evqy †ei nq e‡j G‡K cvwk¦©K
O) s, t, u, civkÖqx eY©|
aŸwb e‡j|
P) evsjv fvlvi †hŠwMK ¯^iaŸwbi msL¨v
V) k, l, m-wZbwU ï× D®§ eY©
cuwPk| evsjv eY©gvjvq †hŠwMK
D”PviYKv‡j wkk †`Iqvi gZ kã nq e‡j
¯^iÁvcK `y‡Uv eY© i‡q‡Q| H Ges J|
G¸‡jv‡K wkkaŸwb ejv nq|
 D”PviY ¯’vb (e¨Äb aŸwb)t W) ÔoÕ ÔpÕ- wRnŸvi wb¤œfvM w`‡q
e¨vÄbeY© cÖavbZ wZb fv‡M wef³| `šÍg~‡j Zvovb K‡i G‡`i D”PviY Ki‡Z
h_vÑ nq e‡j G‡`i‡K ZvobRvZ aŸwb e‡j|
K) ¯úk© eY©t D”PviY ¯’v‡b A_©vr KÉ, X) Aby¯^vi I wemM©‡K A‡hvMevn
Zvjy cÖf…wZi mv‡_ wRnŸvi †Kv‡bv eY© e‡j|
bv †Kv‡bv As‡ki m¤ú~Y© ¯úk© ev Y) P›`ªwe›`y (u) wPý ev cÖZxKwU
‡hvM nq e‡j G¸‡jv ¯úk© eY©| h_v-K cieZx© ¯^ie‡Y©i AbybvwmKZvi
†_‡K g ch©šÍ| †`¨vZbv K‡i| GRb¨ GwU‡K
L) AšÍt¯’ eY©t ¯úk© eY© I D®§ AbybvwmK eY© e‡j|
e‡Y©i g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z e‡j G‡`i‡K AšÍt¯’
eY© ejv nq| h_vt h, i, j, e| weMZ mv‡ji
M) D®§eY©t D”PviY D®§v A_©vr
evqy cÖavbfv‡e _v‡K e‡j G¸‡jv‡K
cÖkœvewj
D®§eY© e‡j| †hgb-k, l, m, n| XvKv wek^we`¨vjq
N) D”PviY ¯’vb Abymv‡i ¯úk© cvuPwU 1. evsjv eb©gvjvfz³ H Ges J n‡”Q
e‡Y©i wefvM Av‡Q| †m¸‡jv‡K eM© [ L BDwbU-2018-19]
e‡j| †hgb- K-eM©, P-eM©, U-eM©, K) †gŠwjK aŸwb L) †hŠwMK aŸwb
Z-eM© I c-eM©| M) †hŠwMK eY© N) w؇jL
O) A‡Nvl aŸwbt †Kvb †Kvb aŸwb 2. evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK ¯^iaŸwb KqwU?
D”Pvi‡Yi mgq ¯^iZš¿x AbywiZ nq [ N BDwbU-2018-
bv| ZLb aŸwbwUi D”PviY Mv¤ 19]
¢xh©nxb g„`y nq| G iƒc aŸwb‡K ejv
 K) 5wU L) 7wU K. A`& avcK L A`„av‡cvK
M. 9wU N. 11wU M. I`& †av‡cvK N. Ia&av‡cvK
3. evsjv fvlvq ¯^ieY© I ¯^iaŸwbi 12. †KvbwU mwVK D”PviY bq?
AbycvZ KZ? [ N BDwbU- 2017-
[ N BDwbU-2018- 18]
19] K. Zxeª wZe& †eªv L. k~b¨ ïb& b
K. 11t9 L. 11t7 M. `ytmvnm `yk&kv‡nvk N. jÿ¨
M. 11t10 N. 11t6 †jvK‡Lv
4. my›`i k‡ãi cÖwªgZ D”PviY †KvbwU? 13. †h Aÿ‡ii †k‡l ¯^iaŸwb D”PvwZ nq
[ N BDwbU-2018- Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
19] [ M BDwbU-2017-
K. ïb‡`vi L. ïb`i 18]
M. myb`i N. †kvb‡`vi K. gy³vÿi L. e×vÿi
5. †Kvb aŸwbi Dci P›`ªwe›`y em‡j M. ¯^iZš¿x N. `xN©¯^i
D”PviY mvbybvwmK nq? 14. evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK ¯^iaŸwb msL¨v
[ N BDwbU 2018- KZ?
19] [ M BDwbU-2016-
K. ¯^iaŸwb L. e¨ÄbaŸwb 17]
M. wemM©aŸwb A aŸwb N. `šÍ¨ b K. 7wU L. 9wU
6. G aŸwbi wee„Z D”PviY cvIqv hvq M. 11wU N. 13wU
‡Kvb kã? N. 16wU
[ N BDwbU-2018- 15. Awfav‡b ÿ eY© †Kv_vq _v‡K?
19] [ K BDwbU-2016-
K. †n_v L. ‡nb 17]
M. †kl N. †ejyb K. L e‡Y©i m‡½ L. n e‡Y©i m‡½
7. my`„wó k‡ãi cÖwgZ D”PviY †KvbwU? M. le‡Y©i m‡½ N. K e‡Y©i m‡½
[ N BDwbU 2018- DËigvjv
19] 1 M 2 L 3 K 4 L 5 L
K. my`„kwU L. ï`„m„wU 6 L 7 N 8 N 9 N 10 L
M. †kv`„kBU N. ï`„kwU 11 M 12 L 13 K 14 K 15 N
8. mvay I PwjZ fvlvi cÖv_©K¨ †Kvb c‡`
†ewk cwijwÿZ nq?
[ M BDwbU -2017- Ab¨vb¨ wek^we`¨vjq
18] 1.fvlvi †Kvb iæc e¨vKiY AbymiY K‡i P‡j?
K. we‡klY I wµqv L. we‡kl¨ I we‡klY [ iv we BDwbU-K -
M. we‡kl¨ I me©bvg N. wµqv I 2018-19]
me©bvg K. mvay L. AvÂwjK
9. Awfav‡b ÿ eY© †Kv_vq _v‡K? M. PwjZ N, cÖvK…Z
[ N BDwbU-2017- 2. ZË¡‡evweabx cwÎKvi m¤úv`K †K
18] wQ‡jb?
K. L e‡Y©i c‡i [ iv we BDwbU K-
L. n e‡Y©i c‡i 2018-19]
M. l e‡Y©i AšÍM©Z fzw³ wnmv‡e K. Ck^P›`ª we`¨vmvMi L.
N. K e‡Y©i AšÍM©Z fzw³ wnmv‡e Ck^P›`ª ¸ß
10. evn¨ k‡ãi D”PviY †KvbwU? M. Aÿq Kzgvi `Ë N. ivRv ivg‡gvnb
[ K BDwbU-2017- ivq
18] 3. mvwnZ¨ cvV eB‡qi KweZv As‡k cÖ_g
K. evR& †Rv L evR& †Sv KweZvwU Kvi?
M. evR& S N. evBS& †Sv [ P, we, N BDwbU-
11. Aa¨vcK k‡ãi cÖwgZ D”PviY 2018-19]
[ L BDwbU-2017-18] K. Ck^iP›`ª ¸‡ßi L. AvjvI‡ji
 M. Kvq‡Kvev‡`i N. gyKy›`ivg K. jyBcv L. Kvncv
PµeZx©i M. ivgvBcwÛZ N. †`ŠjZ DwRi
4. †Kvb m¤ú©KwU mwVK? evnivg Lvb
K. ew•gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq : mxZvi 8. kZvãxjvwÂZ Av‡Z©i Kvbœv QÎwU‡Z
ebevm AvZ© k‡ãi A_© Kx?
L. nvmvb AvwRRyj nKt Av¸bcvwL [ Ly. we L &BDwbU-
M. Avj gvngy` : civ‡Yi Mnxb wfZi 2018-19]
N. Ck^P›`ª we`¨vmvMi : mxZvivg K. AZ¨vPvwiZ L. jvwÂZ
5. nvq‡i fRbvjq M. ivgvBMwÛZ N. †`ŠjZ DwRi
‡Zvgvi wgbv‡i Pwoqv fÛ Mv‡n evnivg Lvb
¯^v‡_©i Rq| 9. Pzwbqv Avgvi Av‡K©wWqv KweZvq
GLv‡b e¨w³i †Kvb g‡bvfve cÖKvk cvq? Pzwbqv Kx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q?
[ Ly.we L BDwbU- [ Ly.we &L BDwbU-
2018-19] 2018-19]
K. we‡`ªvn L. dwiqv` K. myeR I kvwšÍ L. wns¯ª
M. KvZi N. AeÁv M. wPrKvi N. Kzi‡ÿÎ
6. ˆggbwmsn MxZKvi gûqv cvjvi iPwqZv 10. gvbm ms¯‹…wZi m‡½ †KvbwU
†K? m¤úK©hy³ bq?
[ Ly, we L BDwbU- K. mvwnZ¨ L. m½xZ
2018-19] M. wkí N. wb›`ªv
K. wØR gvae L. wØR KvbvB DËigvjv
M. P›`ªveZx© N. gbmyi eqvwZ 1 K 2 M 3 N 4 L 5 N
7. k~b¨cyivY Kve¨ Kvi iPbv? 6 L 7 M 8 N 9 K 10 N
[ Ly, we. L BDwbU-
2018-19]