DATE SPACE

BLACK TRIMAX PEN SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE GIVEN SIMPLE SALT - 3

Aim: To identify the anion and cation present in the given simple salt by performing suitable tests.
BLACK TRIMAX PEN BLACK TRIMAX PEN
BLACK TRIMAX
PEN

Step – I Preliminary tests for cations and anions

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Colour White May be Ammonium (NH4+),
The colour of the given salt is noted. Lead (Pb2+),
Aluminium (Al3+),
Zinc (Zn2+),
Calcium (Ca2+),
BLUE TRIMAX PEN Strontium (Sr2+),
BLUE TRIMAX PEN
Barium (Ba2+) or
Magnesium (Mg2+).

BLUE TRIMAX PEN

1
2.Solubility test Soluble May be chloride (Cl-),
A Pinch of salt is made into solution bromide (Br-),
with Water iodide (I-),
sulphate (SO42-) ,
(*water means distilled water only) nitrate (NO3-),
phosphate (PO43-),
oxalate (C2O42-) or
acetate (CH3COO-) or
May be Ammonium Carbonate
(NH4)2CO3.
3. Action of heat White sublimate formed on cooling May be Ammonium.
A pinch of salt (dry) is strongly heated in a the walls of the test tube.
dry boiling test tube.

(*No water/wetness in the salt and test tube)

4. Flame test No characteristic flame. Absence of

A pinch of salt is made into a paste with few Cu2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+.
drops of Conc. HCI acid in a watch glass and
introduced into the non-luminous part of
Bunsen flame using loop holder.

2
5. Ash test No characteristic coloured ash. Absence of
A small piece of filter paper is soaked into a Al3+, Zn2+ and Mg2+.
mixture of given salt solution and Cobalt
Nitrate solution and introduced into Bunsen
flame and ignited.

(*put off the fire completely & dispose in trash bin)

6. Action of Sodium Hydroxide A colourless pungent smelling gas is Presence of Ammonium.

To 1 ml of salt solution NaOH is added and evolved which turns red litmus
heated. paper blue and gives dense
white fumes with a rod dipped in
conc. HCl.

3
Step – II. Identification of Anions (Acid Radical)
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Action of dilute Sulphuric acid No characteristic changes. Absence of carbonate and
To 1 or 2 ml of dilute H2SO4, a small amount sulphide.
of salt is added.

(*Do not use large quantity of dilute acid, *Do not heat the salt
with dilute acid, * dil.HCl can also be used)
2. Action of Conc. sulphuric acid Colourless gas with pungent smell Presence of chloride.
To 1 or 2 ml of Conc. H2SO4, a small amount that gives white fumes with a glass
of salt is added. rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide.

3. Action of Manganese dioxide. Greenish yellow vapours with an Presence of chloride.

To 0.1 g of salt, a pinch of manganese dioxide irritating smell which turns starch
and conc. Sulphuric acid are added and iodine paper blue.
heated.
4. Copper turnings test: No reddish brown vapours Absence of Nitrate.
A small quantity of the salt is heated with
Copper turnings and conc. Sulphuric acid.

4
5. Chromyl Chloride test Evolution of reddish brown vapours Presence of Chloride.
To pinch of salt, Potassium
Dichromate salt and conc. Sulphuric acid are
added and heated.

6. Barium Chloride Test No White Precipitate Absence of sulphate.

To a few drops of the salt solution or extract,
dil. HCl and Barium Chloride soluble are
added.

CONFIMATORY TEST FOR ANION

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Chloride – Silver Nitrate Test
To a few drops of the salt solution, dil. HNO3 A White Precipitate soluble in Presence of Chloride (Cl-) is
followed by silver nitrate solution were ammonium hydroxide was formed. confirmed.
added.

5
 TEST FOR CATIONS
Cation Group analysis ( Group Separation)
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Zero Group:
To 1ml of the salt solution, few drops
of Nessler's reagent and excess of sodium A Reddish brown precipitate was Presence of Ammonium (NH4+)
hydroxide are added and heated slightly. obtained.
{* Nessler’s Reagent is K2[HgI4] - Potassium
tetraiodomercurate(II)}

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CATION

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Ammonium
To 1ml of the salt solution, few drops A Reddish brown precipitate was
Presence of Ammonium (NH4+)
of Nessler's reagent and excess of sodium obtained.
Is confirmed.
hydroxide are added and heated slightly.

RESULT
The given salt contains
Basic Radical is Ammonium (NH4+).
Acid Radical is Chloride (Cl-).
Therefore, the given salt is Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)