Organization to the Human Body
Anatomy-the study of the structure of the body
Physiology-the study of how the body functions
pathophysiology-the study of the improper functioning of the body Body's levels of
Organization
Homesotasis-state of balance of body
temp
Negative feedback-gets the body back correct Body
Intracellular Fluid-internal barriers that protect
Extracellular Fluid-external barriers that protect
Anatomical position-posture the subject is standing upright
with face front arms at sides with palms forward and feet
parallel.
Organization from
simple to complex
Integumentary-Primary functions: Protection Lymphatic- Primary functions: Filters
against external damage and infection, out lymph fluid to maintain proper fluid
regulation of body temperature, and sensory balance and helps maintain the body's
reception. immune function.
Key organs: Skin, hair, nails, sebaceous and Key organs: Spleen, thymus, tonsils,
sweat glands lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and
bone marrow.
Skeletal-Primary functions: Physically supports
and protects the body and enables movement. Respiratory-Primary functions: Absorbs
oxygen from the air and removes carbon
Key organs: Bones, cartilage, and ligaments. dioxide from the body.
Key organs: Mouth, nose, sinuses,
Muscular-Primary functions: Provides pharynx, cilia, trachea, larynx,
voluntary and involuntary movement diaphragm, lungs, bronchi, alveoli.
of body parts and organs.
Digestive-Primary functions: Breaks
Key organs: Skeletal muscle and down food into usable components for
tendons, smooth muscle, and cardiac the body’s cells and eliminates toxic
muscle. waste from the body.
Nervous-Primary functions: Controls and Key organs: Mouth, teeth, tongue,
regulates conscious and unconscious esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver,
functioning of the body. Sends and receives gallbladder, small intestine, and
signals throughout the body to allow sensing large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum,
of and interaction with the environment. and anal canal).
Key organs: Brain, spinal cord, ganglia, Urinary-Primary functions: Filters
nerves, and sensory organs. waste products from the blood and
forms urine, which can then be
excreted by the body.
Endocrine-Primary functions: Produces and
secretes hormones that regulate various metabolic Key organs: Kidneys, ureters,
functions. bladder, and urethra.
Key organs: Pituitary gland, pineal gland,
thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal Reproductive-Primary functions: The
glands, pancreas, testes, and ovaries. reproductive system is responsible for sexual
functioning and reproduction. It produces and
Cardiovascular/Circulatory-Primary transports gametes and develops offspring. It
functions: Supplies oxygen-rich blood to the also produces sex hormones, such as estrogen
body and removes carbon dioxide waste from and testosterone.
the bloodstream to prevent toxic
accumulation. Transports nutrients and Key organs: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus,
hormones throughout the body. vagina, testes, ductus (vas) deferens, urethra,
penis, and prostate.
Key organs: Heart, blood vessels (arteries,
veins, and capillaries), and blood.
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