ODISHA ADARSHA VIDYALAYA , KHANDAHATA
2024-25
IMPACT OF
AGROCHEMICAL ON
ECOSYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO -
Mrs. STUTI PRADHAN
PGT(Biology)
BIOLOGY
INVESTGATORY
PROJECT
SUBMITTED BY - SAMARJIT SAHOO
ROLL NO - 14
CLASS XII
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Pp CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Samarjit Sahoo of class XII 'science' has prepared the
investigatory Biology project entitled "IMPACT OF AGROCHEMICAL ON
ECOSYSTEM " during the academic year 2024-25 under the guidance of Mrs.
Stuti Pradhan
It is to certify that this project is up to the expectation and as per guidelines
assigned by CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education).
_____________________
Teacher in-charge.
__________________________
Examiner's Sign
________________________
Principal's Sign
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project which has been completed under the
guidance of our Biology teacher, Mrs. Stuti pradhan and help from my
parents
My sincere thanks go to our principal sir for his coordination in extending
every possible support for the completion of this project.
I am duly thankful to them to help me arrange the required materials and
provide me with the knowledge.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank those who had helped directly
or indirectly towards the completion of this project.
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INTRODUCTION
The Double-Edged Sword of Agrochemicals
Agrochemicals, a collective term encompassing pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, have
revolutionized modern agriculture. They have significantly boosted crop yields and protected
against pests and diseases, ensuring food security for a growing global population. However,
the indiscriminate and excessive use of these chemicals has cast a long shadow over our
ecosystems.
While agrochemicals offer immediate benefits, their long-term implications are far-reaching and
often detrimental. These chemicals can seep into soil, water bodies, and the atmosphere,
disrupting delicate ecological balances. They can harm non-target organisms, reduce
biodiversity, and contaminate food chains. Furthermore, their residues can persist in the
environment for years, posing risks to human health and wildlife.
This project delves into the complex interplay between agrochemicals and ecosystems. It aims
to explore the multifaceted impacts of these chemicals, from their effects on soil health and
water quality to their influence on biodiversity and human well-being. By understanding the
consequences of agrochemical use, we can work towards more sustainable and
environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
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Key impacts
Soil Degradation
Water Pollution
Biodiversity Loss
Human Health Risks
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The Impact on Soil Health
Soil Degradation: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil degradation altering
soil structure, reducing organic matter content, and killing beneficial soilmicroorganisms.
Nutrient Imbalance: Overreliance on synthetic fertilizers can disrupt the natural
nutrientbalance in the soil, leading to nutrient deficiencies or excesses.
Loss of Soil Biodiversity: Agrochemicals can kill a wide range of organisms, including
beneficial soil microbes that play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and soil structure.
The Impact on Water Bodies
Water Pollution: Run off from agricultural fields can contaminate water bodies with
pesticides and fertilizers, leading to eutrophication, algal blooms, and harm to aquatic life.
Groundwater Contamination: Agrochemicals can seep into groundwater, contaminating
drinking water sources and posing health risks.
Aquatic Ecosystem Disruption:Pesticides can kill fish, amphibians, and other aquatic
organisms, affecting food chains and disrupting entire ecosystems.
The Impact on Biodiversity
Loss of Biodiversity: Agrochemicals can kill non-target organisms, including pollinators,
beneficial insects, and other wildlife, leading to biodiversity loss.
Disruption of Food Chains: The decline of pollinators and other beneficial insects can
disrupt pollination and seed dispersal, affecting plant reproduction and ecosystem
function.
Resistance Development: The overuse of pesticides can lead to the development of
pesticide-resistant pests, requiring the use of more potent and harmful chemicals.
The Impact on Human Health
Direct Exposure: Farmers and agricultural workers are at risk of direct exposure to
agrochemicals, leading to acute and chronic health problems, including respiratory
illnesses, skin diseases, and cancer.
Indirect Exposure: Consumers can be exposed to pesticide residues in food, which may
have long-term health consequences.
Endocrine Disruption: Some agrochemicals can interfere with the endocrine
system,leading to reproductive problems and developmental disorders. 6
Mitigating the Impact
To minimize the negative impacts of agrochemicals, several strategies can be adopted:
Integrated Pest Management (IPM): This approach combines various pest control methods,
including biological, cultural, and chemical controls, to reduce reliance on pesticides.
Precision Agriculture: Using technology to apply agrochemicals precisely where and when needed
can reduce environmental impact.
Organic Farming: Organic farming practices avoid the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers,
promoting sustainable agriculture.
Crop Rotation and Cover Cropping: These practices can improve soil health and reduce the need
for chemical inputs.
Education and Awareness: Educating farmers and consumers about the risks of agrochemical use
and promoting sustainable practices can help reduce their impact.By adopting sustainable
agricultural practices and reducing reliance on agrochemicals, we can protect our environment and
ensure a healthier future for generations to come.
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CONCLUSION
The Complex Impact of Agrochemicals on Ecosystems Agrochemicals,
while essential for modern agriculture, have far-reaching consequences
for ecosystems. While they increase crop yields and control pests, their
indiscriminate use can lead to significant environmental degradation and
health risks.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://gemini.google.com/?hl=en-IN
https://www.google.com/
