dinleme ve seletio
PHONETIC5
tek heceli szciklerde vurgu olmad inin kesme
elmaz .
ama onun disnda 2 /ash) ile vurgu gasterilir .
: uzunluk
gasteriyor
Vowels
short
-
I D long
e z I : > :
ask &
23
:
U
ai
schwa 3:
[7
diphthongs ed triphthongs
27 217
el 317
al ze 257
3 E zerf
pit/pit/ pool/puil/
pat/poet/ loyal /"I al
about 1 G'baert
Linguistics : Scientific study of language (phenetics)
study of human sound general
-
>
speech in
Grammar :
linguistic study of a particular language of
the sounds
system of a particula language
ayruntl , phonetic transcription > gives any sound
quality
a yrntisize phonemic transcription > gives only the
-
that of
& sound charges the meaning phonemes
a word in a giving language
Consonants
Human speech sounds produced by some obstruction or
in the vocal tract
narrowing
P b t d l f z m p
, , , ,
g,
, , v ,
s
, ,
,
& (th) ,
5 (th)
,
/(sh) , 5 (su) , S (ch) , dz1g
(ng) h 1
y , ,
,
r , j, w
egressive ingressive
-
Human produced
egressive
speech by
:
sounds
the
pushing air on
Human Speech sounds produced by
ingressive
:
sucking the air in
pulmonic -
nonpulmanic
Human speech sounds the airstream
produced by
pulmonic
:
related to the
lungs
nonpulmonic
:
not related to the lungs but oral/nosal cavity
voiced-voiceless
> timli/otumsy
-
: tim
voicing
vibration of the vocal cards.
Positions of the Vocal cords .
breathin
breathe aspiratinot
~
holding the
&
=
open (wide) closed narrow
glottis glottis glottis
whispering
↑ T
x JC
-C
& 4000 times/sec
for female
sounds produced by the vibration of the
rocal cords are voiced /other are
voiceless.
oral-nasal :
oral : human speech sounds produced by the
airflow getting out / into the mouth oral
cavity
nasal : human speech sounds produced into
the nostrils/nose/nasal cavity
place / manner of articulation
n↑
bogumlama
eklem
in the vocal tract
between the vocal
cords and the lips
·j
ribs
> lungs
=
-
not placed in articulation
because they are not articulated
-
-
primary
diaphragm speech organ
NOLIN ADJECTIVE
lips labial
both of the lips bilabial
teeth dental
tooth ridge /
gum alveolar
Card) palate palatal
soft palate velar
(velnm)
threat glottal
3 Oct Manner of articulation
1) plosives (patlamallar 4) Lateral (yans)
2) fricatives (sizmalilar) 5) Nazals
(genizsiler)
3) (patlamal -sizmali) 6) Semi-vowals unluler)
affricates ,
(ya
1) plosives (stops
-
2 articulators get closer to one another or
1 articulator closer to
gets the other
-
They obstruct the air
passage completely
-
Air compressed behind the obstruction
Air suddenly released
-
maybe accompanied by a
hissing sound ( /h)
=
(not always
bilabial alveolar velar
voiced b & 9
voiceless P t K
2) Fricatives
-
2 articulators get closer to one another or
1 articulator closer to
-
gets the other
They do not completely obstruct the air
passage
but form
they a narrowing.
-
Air is let out with some friction
( we can produce them have air
as
long as we
in our lungs ) .
cden aledar I labdental
pre
2 V 3 L
I
3) Affricates
They start
plosives but end
-
as as
fricatives
/
show
&
you can
s
-
4) Lateral
by airflow
running through the
-
Produced the
sides of the
Longne
r
variants /11
of
,
which
are not phonemes :
found in word-final position
1 :
or before a C
Clear I : found before a V
in phonetic transcription
bill/bal/ ,
milk/malk/ -
[metR]
blue/blu / : =
[bXu ] :
5) Nasals
-
Produced by the air flow through the nasal cavity/
nostrils .
bilabil alveolar velor
voiced m n
↑
voiceless
6) Semi-vowels
-
Produced like vowels but function as consonants .
·
With little/no obstruction in the vocal tract .
· can not be found in the centre of a
syllable .
labiovelar palatal past-alvedar glottal
voiced w I r N
voiceless
WH : jii rj :
boot/buit/ meet /miit/ meat/mi :+/
*
/bwt/ *
(my + /
*
(mp + /
VOWELS
Human speech sounds ;
obstruction the vocal tract
-
produced by little/no in
I
found in the of syllable
-
that are centre a
vowel quadrilateral
produced by the four
Y
maximum production points
in the mouth .
close
i :
4 :
zo
p
Ee in :
,
② :
open
Criteria for
Categorizing vowels
1) shape of the tongue (front-back)
2) position of the tongue (close-open)
3) shape of the lips (round-unround
classification of vowels in Standard BrE
vowels-pure-short a
I / bet
bit
& D God / gnd/
long I : meat/miit/
Liy)
/63 /
-i bought :
log)
Diphthongs
The vowels that are produced by tongue starting
from the position of a vowel and gliding toward
the position of vast not reaching the
completely
another
S wait closing
here
he
[2
ea air
centering
e en
tour
wo x
boy
-
reading with /11 ,
I 2/
Triphthongs
closing diphthongs +
/a /
1) eG layer 3) 257 employer
2) &E7 fire ,
liar 4) aI2 lower
5) aza power/tower
Stress =) 1 .
Pitch bababa be
loudness be bo ba
.
2 ba
-------------
prominence baa ba ba ba
.
3 length
ba ba
ba be
4 .
difference
&
Su : kamvent
&
pire
loudness
Mean both high pitch
length only loudness and loudness
but no high
pitch ~
difference PRIMARY Stress
tenic strong stress
Secondary stress
= lek treen'sefolegram
affix -
prefixes don't affect the stress of
L the
Suffix
original sound
#
stem/root
und a un du
irregular Er
'regjerla
In 'I ZF
easy
:
un
disrespectful dis ris'pekt fal
unbelievable un be'le rabal :
S
affix prefixes
I effect
no
Suffix -
take primary
I
stress
onto themselves
take primary stress
before them
into the syllable
comfortable/'kimfotabal/
wonderly/wundafal/
1G 'mezzly/
amazing
Cigarette St'ga >
siga' ret
refuge us'fruidz >
refjedz :
reflexive /"ri fleks /n
reflect
photographic /factar/faztagsefak
Tegra
/fastae/
photography I
advantageous
2d'va +
: n
idziz
dis
,
sed von'tedget
a
S
