Fettahism English Book

Fettahism English Book

A
Second Year Baccalaureate

Prepared by:
Prepared by:
Prof. Mohamed Fettah
Prof. Mohamed Fettah
3
Morocco

3
edition
edition

1
Morocco
Morocco

2
 Unit .1. Personal Relations

 Reading comprehension.(p5)  Simple present.(p15)

 Learning vocabulary.(p6)  Questions.(p19)

 How to introduce yourself.(p7)  There is / there are.(p23)

 Family tree.(p11)  Writing: A paragraph.(p25)

 Possessive pronouns.(p13)

Unit .2. Education

 Reading comprehension.(p27)  Possessive case.(p33)

 Learning vocabulary.(p28)  Preposition of time.(p35)

 This–that / these–those.(p29)  Writing : Describe

 Adverbs of frequency.(p31) someone.(39)

Unit .3. Food

 Reading comprehension.(p43)  Quantifiers.(p48)

 Learning vocabulary.(p44)  Preposition of place.(p51)

 Countable and  Writing a paragraph :

uncountable.(p47) Problem.(p55)

Unit .4. Shopping

 Reading comprehension.(p59)
 Making and responding to
 Learning vocabulary.(p60)
request.(p71)
 Present continuous.(p63)
 Writing a paragraph : Positive
 Comparative and
topic.(p73)
superlative.(p67)

Unit .5. Recreation

 Reading comprehension.(p75)
 Expressing like / dislike.(p81)
 Learning vocabulary.(p76)
 Writing a paragraph :
 Expressing opinion and
controversial topic.(p83)
belief.(p77)

 Will / be going to.(p79)

3
 Unit .6. Health and Welfare

 Reading comprehension.(p 85)

 Responding and asking for
 Learning vocabulary.(p86)
permission.(p93)
 Ask about health and
 Writing : An email.(p95)
expressing feelings.(p87)

 Modals and conjunctions (p91

Unit .7. The Arts

 Reading comprehension.(p97)  Punctuation and

 Learning vocabulary.(p98) capitalization.(p105)

 Simple past.(p99)  Writing : Story telling.(p109)

 Used to expressions.(p103)

Unit .8. Science and Technology

 Reading comprehension.(p111)  Plural fom.(119)

 Learning vocabulary.(p112)  Writing : A letter.(p123)

 Reflexive pronouns.(p113)

 Past continuous.(p115)

Unit .9. Environment and Ecology

 Reading comprehension.(p127)  Expressing agreement and

 Learning vocabulary.(p128) disagreement.(p137)

 Apologizing.(p139)
 Present perfect.(p129)
 Complaining.(p140)
 Conditional types 0-1-2. (p133)  Passive voice.(p141)
 Rlative clause.(p135)  Writing : A report.(p143)

Unit .10. Economy

 Reading comprehension.(p145)  Reported speech.(p153)

 Learning vocabulary.(p146)  Expressing wishes.(157)
 Too / enough.(p147)
 Writing : your wishes.(p159)
 Articles a – an – the (p149)
 Expressing and seeking
advice.(p151)

4
 Unit 1
Personal Relations

William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died on April 23, 1616. He has a
reputation as the greatest of all writers in English. His ability to capture and convey
the most profound aspects of human nature is regarded by many as unequalled and
the English Renaissance has often been called "the age of Shakespeare".

He was among the few playwrights who have excelled in both tragedy
and comedy and several of his plays contain songs that are among the finest lyric
poems in English. He also wrote 154 sonnets, two narrative poems, and a handful
of shorter poems. Shakespeare wrote his works between 1588 and 1613, although
the exact dates and chronology of the plays attributed to him are often uncertain.

Shakespeare's influence on the English-speaking world shows in the widespread use of

quotations from Shakespearean plays, the titles of works based on Shakespearean phrases, and the many
adaptations of his plays.

Other signs of his continuing influence include his appearance in the top ten of the "100 Greatest
Britons" poll sponsored by the BBC, the frequent productions based on his work, such as the BBC
Television Shakespeare, and the success of the fictional account of his life in the 1998 film Shakespeare in
Love.

Some of his famous plays are "Romeo and Juliet", "Macbeth", "Hamlet", "Othello", "Antony and
Cleopatra", "The Comedy of Errors", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", among others.

Comprehension
I. Are these sentences true or false? Justify?
II.
1. William Shakespeare was a great writer of both tragedy and comedy.
………………………………………………………………………………………….………...…………….…..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………

2. How many sonnets did he write?

………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..………….…..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………

3. The film "Shakespeare in Love" is based on his life

………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..……….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………

4. Many of his books contain songs.

………………………………………………………………………………………….………………...…….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………

5. "100 Greatest Britons" is one of his famous masterpieces.

………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..……….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
5
 A. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Relationship 7 Salutation 1
a Nice g Issue
……. 7 …….
2 Help 8 Mobile phone 2 ……. 8 ……. b Learn h See
3 Problem 9 Photo 3 ……. 9 ……. c Individual i Explanation
4 Beautiful 10 Look 4 ……. 10 ……. d Friendship j Greeting
5 Speak 11 Clarification 5 ……. 11 ……. e Picture k Talk
6 Study 12 Personal 6 ……. 12 ……. f Cell phone l Aid

B. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Morning 7 Written a Close g False
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Friend 8 Famous 2 ……. 8 ……. b Bad h Single
3 Open 9 Everybody 3 ……. 9 ……. c Erase i Laugh
4 True 10 Write 4 ……. 10 ……. d Nothing j Afternoon
5 Married 11 Cry 5 ……. 11 ……. e Unknown k Anybody
6 Good 12 Everything 6 ……. 12 ……. f Enemy l Oral

C. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

singer – intelligent – email – visit – paint – live - study

1. I sent an …………………………………to my friend to invite him to my birthday party.

2. I want to ………………………………..English in Britain.
3. Kadem Saher is my favourite …………………………………
4. I ……………………………..my grandparents every weekend.
5. She prefers to …………………………………her room in pink colour.
6. Kamal ……………………………..in Taza with his family.
7. She finished the exam quickly because she is very ……………………………….
D. Put these words in the right place.

Chair – pen – pencil – desk – folder – laptop – book – chalk – table – door – blackboard – whiteboard
– sharpener – ruler – triangle – eraser – rubber – window – clock – bell - scissors

6
 Introduce Yourself

1- My name 13- My 12- My

dream interest

2- My age 11- My
hobby

3- My job 10- My
Myself religion

4- My family 9- My class

5- My country
8- my
of origin
7- My school
6- My
address
nationality

Question Answer

 My full name is________________. My first name is __________

1. What is your name ? (Mohamed Barakat) (Mohamed)
and my family name is __________
(Barakat)
 I am______________
2. How old are you ? (fourteen)
 I am______________years
(fourteen)
old.
3. What do you do ?
 I am______________
What is your job? (a student)

 I have _________brother(s) and __________ Sister(s). My

4. How about your family? (one) (two)
father is ______________
(a teacher)
and my mother is ______________
(a housewife)
5. Where are you from?
 I am from______________
(Morocco)
What is your country of origin?

6. What is your nationality?  I am______________

(Moroccan)

7. Where do you live?  I live in ______________neighborhood,

(Kods) ______________city
(Taza) in
What is your address? Morocco.
8. Where do you study?  I study in __________________high
(Ibn Al-Yasmine) school.
9. What class are you in?  I am in ______________
(common core)

 I am______________
(Muslim)
10. What is your religion?
 My religion is ______________
(Islam)

11. What is your favourite hobby?  My favourite hobby is______________________

(Playing football)

12. What are you interested in?  I am interested in_____________________

(Watching action movies)

13. What is your dream?  My dream is__________________

(to be a doctor)

7
 A. Introduce yourself

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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B. Complete the following dialogue.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 You : Hello. I’m ………………………………………………… What …………………………………….……………………?
 Your friend: Hi. My name is Jamal.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 You: Nice ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Your friend: Nice …………………………………………………………………
 You: How …………………………………………………….………………….?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Your friend: I am fifteen, and you?
 You: ………………………………………………………………………………………
 Your friend: What do you do in your free time?
 You: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
 Your friend: For me, I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8
C. Fill in the blanks with the right information about yourself and your family.

last name = First name =

Occupation or
Surname = forename = Age Favourite hobby
job
family name name
………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
You
………………………... ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
Your ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
mother ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
Your father
………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
Your sister
………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
Your ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
brother ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
Your best ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..
friend ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….…………….. ………….……………..

D. On the phone. Put the sentences in the correct order.

Answer
a. Hicham : Yes, it was great.
1. …………..
b. Imane: It wasn’t great.
2. …………..
c. Hicham: Hello.
3. …………..
d. Hicham: I met some friends on Saturday night and we had a meal out. What
4. …………..
about you? How was your weekend?
5. …………..
e. Imane: Fine thanks, did you have a good weekend?
6. …………..
f. Imane: I fell off a chair. And I couldn’t go jogging, because I hurt my ankle.
7. …………..
g. Hicham: Why was that?
8. …………..
h. Hicham: Fine, and you?
9. …………..
i. Hicham: Oh, dear! Poor you!
10. …………..
j. Imane: Hi Hicham. This is Imane. How are you?
11. …………..
k. Imane: What did you do?

E. Describe these kinds of greetings?

1 2 1
3

10

4 5 6

11

7 8 9

9
 F. Read the biography and then find out the information below.

Muhammad Ibn 'Abd el-Karim El-Khattabi is the hero and icon of the Riif. He was born in1982
in Ajdir, Morocco, and he was one of the most powerful leaders of the Moroccan resistance against the French
and Spanish colonizers. He was considered a Riffian political and military leader of the Rif tribes.

He started his education at home and was taught the Quran by his father. Then he moved to Essaffarin
and Cherratin Madrasas in Fez to continue his studies to graduate later from the university of Al-Qarawiyyin in
1906. After his graduation and settlement in Melilla, he held several occupations and worked first as a teacher,
then as a judge and finally as a journalist for the Spanish newspaper el Telegrama del Rif.

He managed to unite the conflicting tribes of the Rif (Beni Ouryaghel, Temsaman, Beni Touzine, Bquiwa,
and other tribes) for the purpose of resisting and fighting colonialism.

One of the historic battles in the history of colonial resistance in the world is the battle of Anwal in July
1921 where about 13363 Spanish soldiers were killed and injured. The Spanish troops were under the command
of General Manuel Fernandez Silvestre. Before the battle of Anwal, General Manuel Fernandez Silvestre had
promised his king and his troops to crush the Rifian resistance in a matter of hours and to drink tea in the house
of Mohammed Ben Abdelkrim but the wind blew counter to his expectations.

Mohammed Ben Abdelkrim El Khattabi is said to be the first who aspired to unite people of North Africa
(Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya) and he was the first to use the Maghreb as a designation for all these
people. He also supported the liberation movements in these countries and founded The Committee for the
Liberation of the Maghreb in 1947. The main purpose of this committee was to reunite all the forces and the
national parties struggling for the independence of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and to prepare the foundations
of a Maghrebian unity. Mohammed Ben Abdlkrim El Khattanbi died on February 6th, 1963 in Cairo.

1. Full name : ………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Age : ……………………………………………………………….………..………..……………….
3. Date of birth : …………………………………………………………..…………….…………….
4. Place of birth: …………………………………………………………….………..……………….
5. Time of graduation: ………………………………………………………..…………………….
6. Name of the university: ……………………………………………………….…………………
7. His famous battle and its time: ………………………………………………….…………………………………………………
8. His occupations: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. What was his objective in North Africa?...........................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. What was the first word he used to unite people in the North?.......................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Date of death:………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Place of Death:………………………………………………………………………………………….

10
 Family tree

Ahmed Sara Imran Amina Farid Ahlam

Adam Leila Jamal Kamal Salma Anwar Salwa Driss Aicha

Halim Karima Aya Samir Anas Saida

Fahd Safae

1. Ahmad is Sara’s husband. 16. Sara is Salma’s mother-in-law.

2. Sara is Ahmed’s wife. 17. Salma is Sara and Ahmed’s daughter-in-law.
3. Ahmed and Sara are Leila, Jamal and Kamal’s 18. Kamal is Imran and Amina’s son-in-law.
perents. 19. Salma is Jamal’s sister-in-law.
4. Leila, Jamal and Kamal are Ahmed and Sara’s 20. Jamal is Salma’s brother-in-law.
children. 21. Leila is Halim, Karima and Aya’s aunt.
5. Ahmed is Leila’s father. 22. Salwa is Halim, Karima and Aya’s aunt.
6. Sara is Leila’s mother. 23. Jamal is Halim, Karima and Aya’s uncle.
7. Leila is Sara and Ahmed’s daughter. 24. Anwar is Halim, Karima and Aya’s uncle.
8. Kamal is Sara and Ahmed’s son. 25. Halim is Leila and Jamal’s nephew.
9. Ahmed and Sara are Halim, Karima and Aya’s 26. Aya is Leila and Jamal’s niece.
grandparents. 27. Fahd is Aya’s cousin.
10. Halim, Karima and Aya are Ahmed and Sara’s 28. Samir is Halim’s cousin.
grandchildren. 29. Aya is Anas’s cousin.
11. Aya is Sara and Ahmed’s grand-daughter. 30. Karima is Safae’s cousin.
12. Halim is Sara and Ahmed’s grandson.
13. Ahmed is Karima’s grandfather.
14. Sara is Karima’s grandmother.
15. Ahmed is Salma’s father-in-law.

11
Excercise .1.

Fill in the blanks with the right term:

1. Hlima is Bouchta’s wife.

2. Hlima is …………………………………….……..grandmother.
3. Hlima is ………………………...….…….……..mother.
4. Bouchta is ………………………….….…..…………husband.
5. Bouchta is …………………………….……..…………father.
6. Bouchta is ………………………….……….…………..grandfather.
7. Hassan is …………………………….……………………….son.
8. Ahmed is ………………………………..……………..uncle.
9. Dawya is ……………………………..………..…………aunt.
10. Dawya is ……………..……………………………….wife.
11. Dawya is………….………………………..………….daughter.
12. Imran is …………………….……….….…………brother.
13. Farida is ……………………………………………sister.
14. Diyae is …………………………………….……..cousin.
15. Imran is ………………………………….……………..nephew.
16. Khadija is …………………………………………………..niece.
17. Imran and Diyae are …………………………………………..grandchildren.
18. Bouchta and Hlima are ……………………………………….grandparents.
19. Fayza is ……………………………………..………sister-in-law.
20. Hassan is ……………………………………………….brother-in-law.
21. Bouchta is ……………………………..……………..father-in-law.
22. Hlima is …………………………..………………….mother-in-law.

Excercise .2.

Karim Fadwa Sawsan Hassan

Said Hanane Kamal Sihame Fatima

Me Najwa Ahmed Samia

1. Karim is my ………………………………..……. 10. Hassan is Hanane’s ………………………………

2. Najwa is my ……………………………………. 11. Said is Kamal’s …………………………………..
3. Ahmed is my …………………………………… 12. Karim is Sihame’s………………………………….
4. Kamal is my………………………………………. 13. Fatima is Ahmed’s…………………………………
5. Fadwa is my………………………………………. 14. Hanane is Ahmed’s…………………………………
6. Samia is my………………………………………. 15. Najwa is Fadwa’s…………………………………
7. Hanane is my………………………………………. 16. Karim is Ahmed’s……………………………………
8. Sihame is my………………………………………. 17. Samia is Najwa’s……………………………………
9. Said is my ………………………………………. 18. Samia is Sihame’s……………………………………

12
 Possessive Pronouns

Personal pronouns Adjective pronouns Possessive pronouns

I My This is my book. Mine This book is mine.
You Your This is your pen. Yours This pen is yours.
singular

He His This is his pencil. His This pencil is his.

She Her This is her rubber. Hers This rubber is hers.
It Its This is its folder. Its This folder is its.
We Our This is our home. Ours This home is ours.
plural

You Your This is your food. Yours This food is yours.

They Their This is their ball. Theirs This ball is theirs.

 It is used before a noun  It is used after a noun or

pronoun.

Excercise .1.

 Complete the sentences with : my / your / her / his / its / our / their
1. El-Bachiir is doing ………………..homework.
2. Do you live with ……………parents?
3. We love ………………..new house.
4. He is in …………………office.
5. The children are with ……………….grandmother.
6. I like ……………..new job.
7. Are you and your sister enjoying ………………….English classes?
8. Amsterdam is famous for ……………….canals.
9. She is with ………………..boyfriend.
10. They haven’t got …………………….umbrellas.
11. She is in ………………..bedroom.
12. He is looking for ………………shoes.
13. Don’t count ………….chickens before they are hatched.
14. I sent …………….a letter, but she didn’t reply to me.
15. …………....house is very small but he feels comfortable in it.
16. ………….sister and ………….brother are in Britain. This is why I speak English.
17. She loves ………………..son.
18. Ali and …………friend don’t like …………new job.
19. Susan went with ………….mother to the supermarket.
20. Students organized a trip with …………..teacher.

13
 Excercise .2.
 Fill in the blanks with adjective pronouns or possessive pronouns:
my/mine – your/yours – his/his – her/hers – its/its – our/ours – their/theirs

2 3

This is Karim and this dog is…….. This is Mary and this is ………….lamb. This is Ahmed and Somiya and this
is ……………… cat.
5 6
4

This is me and this bike is …………. This is you and this is …….……parrot. We are Fouad and Farid and this
snake is …………….
9
8

I have got a scarf. It is …………scarf. He has got a jacket. It is ……..jacket. She has got a video camera. It is
……………video camera

12
11
10

They have got sunglasses. These You have got a computer. It is We have got shorts. These
sunglasses are ……………… ………….computer. shorts are …………...

14 15
13

It has got a tail. It is …..………..tail. They have got T-shirts. They are ……… She has got a school bag. It is …..…
T-shirts. School bag.
18
17
16

This is a robot and this is ……….head This is me and this kite is ….…….. This is Souad and Kamal and this
rabbit is …………...

14
 Simple present

Verb To be Other verbs

 I am  I am not  I speak  I do not speak

 You are  You are not  You speak  You do not speak
 He is  He is not  He speaks  He does not speak
 She is  She is not  She speaks  She does not speak
 It is  It is not  It speaks  It does not speak
 We are  We are not  We speak  We do not speak
 You are  You are not  You speak  You do not speak
 They are  They are not  They speak  They do not speak

Short form Exceptions

He / She / It
 I am = I’m  I am not = I’m not

 You are = you’re  You are not = You aren’t

 He is = He’s  He is not = He isn’t  vowel-Y +s (play / he plays)

 She is = She’s  She is not = She isn’t  consonant-Y +ies (study / he studies)
 It is = It’s  It is not = It isn’t
 ---O +es (go / he goes)
 We are = We’re  We are not = We aren’t
 ---sh +es (wash / he washes)
 You are = You’re  You are not = You aren’t
 ---ch +es (watch / he watches)
 They are = They’re  They are not = They aren’t
 ---x +es (mix / he mixes)

Exercise .1.
Exercise .2.
 Fill in the blanks with: am / is / are
 Write the short forms.

1. They …………….. twins.

1. …………..……… hungry. (He)
2. I …………….. hungry.
2. …………..……… boring. (It / not)
3. Julia ………………. my friend.
3. ………..………… my friend. (You)
4. You ……………... a teacher.
4. …………..……… a pupil. (I / not)
5. This …………... nice.
5. ………..………… at school. (We)
6. He …………... a good boy.
6. ………..………… children. (not / they)
7. We ………….... friends.
a. ………….... it a machine? 7. ………..………… clever. (She / not)
b. ………….... she your friend? 8. …………..………from England. (He)
c. ………….... we happy? 9. …………..………a nice flower. (It)
d. …….. he English? 10. ………..…………from Morocco. (I / not)
e. ………….... you from Morocco? 11. ………..…………my friend. (he / not)
f. …….……... I hungry? 12. ………..…………….good at Physics. (they)
g. …….. they on a school trip? 13. ……..……..…………very beautiful. (Isabella)
14. ……..………..……a good person. (Sara / not)
15
 Exercise .3.

 Correct the mistakes.

1. They not at school. ………………………………… …………………………………
2. She isn’t not my friend. ………………………………………………………………………
3. Your Greek or French. ………………………………………………………………………
4. Its a dog! ………………………………………………………………………
5. We isn’t hungry. ………………………………………………………………………
6. He a teacher ………………………………………………………………………
7. They’re are boys. ………………………………………………………………………

Exercise .4. Exercise .5.

 Fill in the blanks with: am / is / are  Complete the sentences with :

1. Our house ………. over there. talk or talks

2. I………… older than my sister. 1. You ………………. Too much.

3. Their dog………….. dead. 2. Hassan ………….. to himself all the time.
4. I think the shop …………. quite 3. Some domesticated parrots …………
expensive. 4. You have got to hear this bird. It ……..
5. Where …………….. Messi and Figo today? 5. My little sister ……………. Constantly.
6. Elvis Presley …………… a famous singer. 6. My mother and I ……………. Every day.
7. Where………………. he now? 7. My parents never …………… about
8. Where …………….they going? money in front of me.
9. ……..……you ready, Peter? 8. My family always ……… a lot at dinner.
10. ………...…we nearly there? 9. Ronaldo …………….. too fast.

Exercise .6. Exercise .7.

 Make negative sentences using don’t or  Circle the correct answer.

doesn’t.
1. I (like / likes) English.
1. The boys ………….......... like French. 2. Said (play / plays) football.
2. I …….............. walk to school.
3. The boys (live / lives) in Agadir.
3. My cat ……………........ eat fish!
4. The dog (eat / eats) a lot.
4. Jim ……................ live here. 5. Toufik (trys / tries) hard.
5. The television …………......... work. 6. Jihane (washes / washs) her hair.
6. My friend ……............. eat pizza and I
7. Samir (dos / does) English with me.
……........ eat hamburgers. 8. Mum (go / goes) to work by bus.
Exercise .8.

 Complete the sentences with :

do / does don’t / doesn’t

1. …………………………you like coke? “Yes, I …………………….”

2. ……………………….she play the piano? “No, she …………………..”
3. ………………………the students have good marks? “Yes, they …………………..”
4. ………………….they speak English? “No, they………………………”
5. …………………he like couscous? “Yes, he……………………..”
16
 Exercise .9.
A. Complete this conversation with the correct words.
 Taha : what …………………..……..(do/does) your husband…………………………..(do/does) exactly?
 Layla : he ………………………….……..(work/works) for a department store. He is a store manager.
 Taha : how ……………….…………….. (do/does) he ……………..…………..(like/likes) it?
 Layla : it’s an interesting job. He ………………………(like/likes) it very much. But he ………..…………….(work/works)
long hours. And what ……………….………(do/does) you …………………..(do/does)?
 Taha : I’m a student, I ………………..……………..(study/studies) architecture.
 Layla : Oh, really? Where ……..…………………… (do/does) you …………………….……..(go/goes) to study?
 Taha : I …………………..………(go/goes) to Fez university. My friend Jalal …………….…………(go/goes) there, too.
 Layla : Really! And what …………………..……….(do/does) He …………………………. (study/studies) ?
 Taha : He ………………………….… (study/studies) hotel management.
 Layla : …………………….……….. (do/does) your friend ……………………..……….. (have/has) a part time job?
 Taha : yeah. He …………………………(work/works) at the weekends ……………(at/from) 7:00 …………….(in/to) 10:00
………..…… (in/on) the evening.
 Layla : that sounds interesting.

B. Write questions and short answers.

1. the students / play 5. she / live / with her sister
 Do the students play?  ………………………………..………………………..…………….. ?
 Yes, they do.  No, …………………
2. you and your friends / run 6. you / enjoy / English lessons
 ………………………..…………………………………………….…. ?  …………………..………………………………………………….. ?
 No, …………………  Yes, …………………
3. you / sleep early 7. they / usually / eat meat
 ………………………..………………………………………………. ?  ……………………..………………………………..……………….. ?
 No, …………………………  No, …………………
4. the dog / swim 8. you / know / the answer
 ………………………….…………………………………………..…. ?  ……………………..………………………………..……………….. ?
 Yes, …………………………  Yes, …………………
C. Make sentences by using is or are and D. Put the words in the correct order.
an adjective from the following list.
1. a book / is / it
Beautiful - hot - sour - cold - It is a book.
important - square - dry - big - sweet
2. not / I / hungry / am
- flat - round - wet - funny - small
…………………………………..………………………………………………
1. Fire is hot 3. 10 / am / I / years old
2. Ice and snow …………..……..……………. ………………………………………………………………………..…………
3. A box ………………….……...… 4. Sue / my / name / is
4. Balls and oranges ……………..……………….. ………………………………………………………………………………..…
5. Sugar…………………….……...…. 5. twins / they / aren’t
6. An elephant ………………………….. but a mouse ……………………………..…………………………………………..………
…………..……………..….. 6. a girl / she / is
7. A rain forest …………..……………..…….but a ……………………………………………………………………………… ?
desert ………………………….…..… 7. we / not / teachers / are
8. A lemon ……………………..…….…. …………………………………………………………………………………
9. A joke …………………………...…… 8. isn’t / happy / she
10. Good health …………………..…………….. …………………………………………………………………………………
11. Flowers …………….…………..……… 9. Ibn Yassmine / school / a student / am / in / I / high
12. A coin ……….…….… small, round, and…………….. …………………………………………………………………………………

17
 Exercise .12.
 Complete the sentences with simple present :

1. Mary (watch) ……………………..……… TV in the afternoon.

2. She (hurry) ……………………..……… home after school.
3. The baby (not go) ……………………..……… to bed late.
4. She (not like) ……………………..………coke.
5. My father …………………….… (read) the newspaper every day.
6. He (not/live)…………………………………… in London.
7. I (not/like)……………………….……… travelling.
8. Taha (speak)……………………..…………. six languages.
9. I (speak)……………………….……. three languages.
10. She (live)……………………..……… in Birmingham.
11. She (play) ……………………..………sport with her friends.
12. Asmae (go) ……………………..……… to the library every weekend.
13. Salma (have) ……………………..……… a cat at home.
14. Imran and Hind (not / know) …………………………..the village.
15. Fatima (be) ……………………..………a good cook.
16. Swimming (not / be) ……………………..………my favourite hobby.
17. Me and my friend (not / have) ………………………………driving card.
18. My wife (not / use) …………………………the internet.
19. Sheriin (be) ………………………..a famous Arab singer.
20. Hamza (watch) ……………………..Indian films.
Exercise .13.

 Fill in the blanks with the right answer :

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
He is in the cinema.
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
Farid does not play football.
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
Does she help her child?
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. They do not read very well. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
I am in the classrrom. …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. She does not listen to the teacher. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………….. Do Kamal and Said speak French?

…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
They are proud of their son. …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..

18
 Wh-Questions

What Why Whose Who Which When Where

Ask about Ask about Ask about Ask about Ask about Ask about Ask about
something the cause the owner someone choice time place

Question Word Function Example

What…… ? asking for information about something What is your name?

What…..for ? asking for a reason or asking why What did you do that for?

When……. ? asking about time When did he leave?

Where……..? asking in or at what place or position Where do they live?

Which……….? asking about choice Which colour do you want?

Who……….. ? asking about a person or people (subject) Who opened the door?

Whom……..? asking about a person or people (object) Whom did you see?

Whose are these keys?

Whose….…. ? asking about ownership
Whose turn is it?

Why………? asking about reason or cause Why do you say that?

Why don't…… ? making a suggestion Why don't I help you?

asking about manner How does this work?

How……. ?
asking about condition or quality How was your exam?

How + adj/adv…? asking about extent or degree How big is your city from this village?

How far…….. ? distance How far is Pattaya from Bangkok?

How long…….? length (time or space) How long will it take?

How many…….? quantity (countable) How many cars are there?

How much….. ? quantity (uncountable) How much money do you have?

How old…….? age How old are you?

19
 Yes/No-Questions

Used with Used with Used with Used with

Do / Does am/ is /are have / has can

Question Affirmative Negative

We We We
 Do + You + know him?  Yes, + You + do.  No, + You + don’t.
They They They

I I I
 Do + = + know him?  Yes, + = + do.  No, + = + don’t.
You You You

He He He
 Does + She + know him?  Yes, + She + does.  No,+ She + doesn’t.
It It It

We We We
 Are + You + at home ?  Yes, + You + are.  No, + You + aren’t
They They They

He He He
 Is + She + at home?  Yes, + She + is.  No, + She + isn’t.
It It It

 Am + II + at home?  Yes, + I + am.  No, + I + am not.

I I I
You You You
 Have + We + read the book? We We
 Yes, + + have.  No, + + haven’t.
You You You
They They They

He He He
She  Yes, + She + has.  No, + She + hasn’t.
 Has + + read the book?
It It It

I I I
You You You
He He He
She She  No, + She + can’t.
 Can + + see the film?  Yes, + + can.
It It It
We We We
You You You
They They They

20
Exercise .1.
A. Choose the correct alternative: What - When - Where - Why - Who - How….

1) ................. are my keys? 11) ................ is your graduation?

2) ................ is the problem? - Next week.
3) ................ is your favourite singer? 12) ................ is she crying?
4) ................ is your birthday? - Because she is sad.
5) ................ old are you? 13) ................ is your last name?
- I'm ten years old. - Gonzalez.
6) ................ is your telephone number? 14) ................ is your favourite actor?
7) ................ are you from? - Anthony Hopkins.
8) ................ is your best friend? 15) ................ old is your cat?
9) ................ is your e-mail? - Two years old.
10) ................ are you?
- I'm fine, thanks.

B. Choose the right option.

1. ................. are you so happy?  When – how – what – why

 I'm getting married!
2. ................. is your brother?  Why – how – where – what
 He is still sick.
3. ................. are you late?  Where – when – why – how
 Because of the traffic.
4. ................. is Cristiano Ronaldo from?  How – when – where – why
 He ……………………………..
5. ................. is Hassan tower?  What – who – why – when
 It ………………………..

C. Put the words between brackets in the right order :

1. ( When / invented / the computer / was )

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ( When / was / built / this house )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ( How / cheese / is / made )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ( Why / Sanae / working / isn’t / today )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ( What / time / coming / your friends / are )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ( Why / was / cancelled / the concert )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ( Where / your mother / was / born )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ( Why / you / to the party / didn’t / come )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ( How / the accident / did / happen )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ( What / this machine / make / doesn’t / work )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21
Exercise .2.

A. Find the right answers for the questions. Answers

1. Where is the camera? a. He is from Mernissa. 1. G

2. Is your car blue ? b. No. I’m not. 2. ……..

3. Is Karima from Fez? c. Yes, you are. 3. ……..

4. Am I late, teacher? d. My sister. 4. .……..

5. Where is Bouchaib from? e. Black. 5. ….…..

6. What colour is your bag? f. No, it is black. 6. ….…..

7. Are you hungry? g. In your bag. 7. ….…..

8. How is your family? h. No, she is from Taza. 8. ………

9. Who is that woman? i. Very well. 9. ………

B. Complete the questions using What / Where / How / When ….:

Questions Answers

1. How are your parents? a. They are very well.

2. …………….……………the bus stop? b. At the end of the street.

3. ………………………………..your children? c. Five, six and ten.

4. ………………………………these oranges? d. 3 dhs a kilo.

5. ……………..…………your favourite sport? e. Skiing.

6. …………...……the man in this photograph? f. That’s my father.

7. ………………….…………your new shoes? g. Black.

C. Give your own answers.

1. Are you going to visit your uncle tomorrow? ………………………….…….………

2. Does your mother speak Chinese? ………………………….…….………
3. Is your sister a teacher of English? ………………………….…….………
4. Do we need a passport to go to Europe? ………………………….…….………
5. Has your sister got a computer? ………………………….…….………
6. Do you have a mobile phone? ………………………….…….………
7. Do students go to school on Sunday? ………………………….…….………
8. Can you write with the left hand? ………………………….…….………
9. Have you visited Marrakesh? ………………………….…….………
10. Is Messy a singer? ………………………….…….………
11. Is Hicham Garouj an athlete? ………………………….…….………
12. Can you live without the internet? ………………………….…….………

22
 There is / there are

1. We say There is when there is only one thing,

 Example:
 There is a desk in the classroom.
2. We say There are when there is more than one thing,

 Example:
 There are two desks in the room.
 Negative:
 There is not / There isn’t a desk in the room.
 There are not / There aren’t two desks in the room.
 Question:
 Is there a desk in the classroom?
 Are there two desks in the classroom?
 Short answer:
 Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
 Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

Excercise .1. Excercise .2.

 Fill in the blanks with:  Make negative sentences with:

There isn’t or There aren’t.
There is or There are.

1. ………………….a book. 1. …………………. a cinema in my town.

2. ………………….two chairs 2. ………………….three boys. There are four.

3. ………………….two doors. 3. ………………….a tramway in Taza.

4. ………………….a boy in the room? 4. ………………….any TV in my room.

5. ………………….two windows in your room? 5. ………………….five elephants in the zoo.

6. ………………….a cinema in your town?’ 6. , …………………. .good books in the library.

Excercise .3.

 Make questions.

1. there / a zoo / in your town / is ……………………………………………………

2. two boys / there / are / in your class ……………………………………………………

3. a clock / is / in this room / there …………………………….………………………

4. monkeys / there / in the forest / are …………………………….………………………

5. doctor / your family / in / is / there a …………………………….………………………

6. there / in / are / the classroom / trouble-makers …………………………….………………………

7. teachers / in your / there / school / are …………………………….………………………

23
Excercise .4.

A. Write short answers.

1. Is there a pen on your desk? …………………………….…...

2. Are there two books in your bag? …………………………….…...
3. Is there a teacher in the room? ………………...………….…...
4. Is there a teacher in the room? …………………………….…...

B. Correct the mistakes.

1. There is red buses in London. ……………………………………………………..…

2. There aren’t a swimming pool in my town. ……………………………………………………..…
3. There isn’t not a test today. ……………………………………………………..…
4. There are a lion in the zoo. ……………………………………………………..…
5. Are there a television in your room? ……………………………………………………..…
6. Is there two chairs? ……………………………………………………..…
7. There is hardworking students in class nine. ……………………………………………………..…
8. How much money are there in the box? ……………………………………………………..…
9. There is Ayoub and Saad in the front place. ……………………………………………………..…
10. Is there two armchairs in the living-room? ……………………………………………………..…
11. Are there a cook in the kitchen? ……………………………………………………..…

C. Write your own suggestions..

 There is or there are  There isn’t or there aren’t
1. There is a kitchen. 1. There aren’t animals.
2. …………………………………………… 2. ……………………………………………
3. …………………………………………… 3. ……………………………………………
4. …………………………………………… 4. ……………………………………………
5. …………………………………………… 5. ……………………………………………
6. …………………………………………… 6. ……………………………………………
7. …………………………………………… 7. …………………………………………….

24
 Writing a paragraph

A. Write a paragraph about your everyday activities. Base your writing on the following questions.
 What do you do at night when you go back home from school?
 When do you wake up in the morning?
 What do you do when you get up?
 What do you do when you go outside on your way to school?
 How much time does it take to arrive to school?
 What do you do in the break at 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. at school?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Write a paragraph about your study at school. Base your writing on the following questions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Where do you study?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
 Where does your school exist?
 How many students in your class?
 How many school subjects do you have at school?
 What do you like or dislike in your class?
 What is special about your school?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
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25
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
C. Write a paragraph about the city where you were born. Base your writing on the following questions.

 What is its name?

 What is its location?
 How about its weather?
 What is special about your hometown?
 What do you like or dislike in your hometown?
 What are the best places and historical monuments in your hometown?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
D. Write a paragraph about your favourite hobby. Base your writing on the following questions.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
What is your favorite hobby?
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
Why do you like it?
 How much time do you spend for you hobby?
 What do your parents say about your hobby?
 How much do you enjoy it?
 Does it have an influence on your studies?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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26
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 Unit 2
Education

English is a West Germanic language originating in England, and the first

language for most people in Australia, Canada, the Commonwealth Caribbean,
Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America
(also commonly known as the Anglo sphere). It is used extensively as a second
language and as an official language throughout the world, especially in
Commonwealth countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and South Africa,
and in many international organizations.

Modern English is sometimes described as the global lingua franca. English is the dominant
international language in communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomacy.
The influence of the British Empire is the primary reason for the initial spread of the language far beyond
the British Isles. Following World War II, the growing economic and cultural influence of the United States
has significantly accelerated the spread of the language. On an average school day approximately one
billion people are learning English in one form or another.

A working knowledge of English is required in certain fields, professions, and occupations. As a

result over a billion people speak English at least at a basic level. English is one of six official languages of
the United Nations.

Comprehension
 Are these sentences true or false? Justify?
1. English is spoken in Canada.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Modern English is sometimes described as the global lingua franca.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. It has become the international language in many areas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Over a billion people speak English at least at a basic level.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

27
A. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Bike 7 Excited 1
a Realm g Kid
……. 7 …….
2 Explain 8 Holiday 2 ……. 8 ……. b Improve h Amuse
3 Child 9 Develop 3 ……. 9 ……. c Prepared i Pioneer
4 Kingdom 10 Enjoy 4 ……. 10 ……. d Bicycle j Road
5 Founder 11 Street 5 ……. 11 ……. e Motivated k Dissimilar
6 Ready 12 Different 6 ……. 12 ……. f Vacation l Clarify

B. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Shut 7 Yesterday a Ugly g Poor
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Old 8 Specific 2 ……. 8 ……. b Negative h Extraordinary
3 Rich 9 Positive 3 ……. 9 ……. c Come i Far
4 Handsome 10 Take 4 ……. 10 ……. d Death j Give
5 Birth 11 Go 5 ……. 11 ……. e General k Open
6 Ordinary 12 Near 6 ……. 12 ……. f Young l Today

C. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

police – ring – news – know – listen – have – home

1. I don’t ………………………………how to answer the exercise.

2. There is fine in my neighbor’s house. I will call ………………………………….
3. ……………………………….is the best place where I feel happy.
4. They …………………………………….to music together in the garden.
5. She left home and we don’t have any ……………………………….about her.
6. The bell ………………………………at school by the end of every hour.
7. I ……………………………….some friends from America.
D. Put these words in the right place.
Stand up – sit down – raise your hand – open the door – sleeping in the classroom - close the door – shut the window –
open the window – keep silent – write on the blackboard – switch on the light – put away – get in – go out – listen -
erase the blackboard – work in pairs – work in group – shouting - do homework – take notes

28
 Demonstratives
This - these / that - those

Demonstrative pronoun Demonstrative adjective

It is used It is used
to replace another noun to modify a noun

*  Examples:  Examples:
1. This is good. 1. This apple is good.
2. That is Aya’s house over there. 2. That student is in my class.
3. These are my friends. 3. These ideas are important.
4. I like those. 4. I like those houses.

The noun can be

something or someone

Near Far

singular plural singular plural

This These That Those

 This is good.  These are my friends,  That apple is good.  I like those houses.

Exercise .1.
a

b
2

 Put in : This - these  Put in : That - those

3 c a. ………… car is very nice.
1. ………… is a car.
2. ………… are eggs b. ………… eggs are big.
3. …..…… is Hicham Garouj’s image. c. ………… image belongs to Hicham
Garouj.

Demonstrative ……………………..………. Demonstrative ……………………..……….

29
 Exercise .2. Exercise .3.

 Put in: This or These  Type That or Those.

1. ………………pencil is no good. 1. ………………desk is mine.

2. ………………is Michelle's pen. 2. ………………is a good answer.
3. ………………computer is expensive. 3. ………………questions are too difficult.
4. ………………girls are from my college. 4. ………………isn't a nice thing to say.
5. ………………bikes are mountain bikes. 5. ………………dogs bark all day.
6. ………………is my newspaper. 6. ………………dress is short.
7. ………………shoes are too big. 7. ………………birds are very nice.
8. ………………book is very interesting. 8. ………………letter is for Jill.
9. ………………house is the biggest in the street. 9. ………………windows are open.
10. ………………potatoes aren't cooked. 10. ………………computer is old.
11. ………………student writes well. 11. ………………lesson is very difficult.
12. ………………house is near the beach. 12. ………………person sings badly.
13. ………………book belongs to George. 13. ………………exercise is easy.
14. ………………dog barks all night. 14. ………………man works at my shop.

Exercise .3. Exercise .3.

 Put in: this - that - these - those  Put the words into the correct order.

1. Look at………………newspaper here. 1. are / new / jeans / those / my /

2. ………………building over there is the Chrysler ………………………………………………………………………………

Building. 2. that / digital camera / is / Peter's /
3. ……………… bicycles there are expensive. ……………………………………………………………………………
4. Look here, ……………… dolls on the table are 3. red scarf / is / this / a /
very old. ……………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………bottle over there is empty. 4. my / these / books / are /
6. Could you bring me ……………… chair over ……………………………………………………………………………
there?
5. buildings / stairs / take these / to get to those
7. ………………are my grandparents, and
……………………………………………………………………………
……………… people over there are my friend's
grandparents. 6. the administration / of the / this is / school

8. ……………… is my mobile phone ……………………………………………………………………………

and………………is your mobile phone on the 7. colours / are / favourite / my / those
shelf over there. ……………………………………………………………………………

9. Can you see ……………… building next to the 8. this shop / the best / that / picture / is / in
bank over there? ……………………………………………………………………………

10. I would like some of ……………… cookies on

that shelf.

30
 Adverbs in English

Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of

manner place time degree frequency

Show how Show where Show when Show the Show how
something something something intensity of many times
happens happens happens something something
happens happens

Adverbs of frequency:

 The use of adverbs in a sentence:

100% Always

1. After “verb to be”.

85% Usually  Examples:
 They are never pleased to see me.
70% Often  She is usually nervous.

2. Before “the other verbs”.

45% Sometimes
 Examples:
 I always remember to do my
4% Rarely homework.
 He sometimes gets good marks in
exams.
0% Never

Exercise .1.

 Answer the following questions.

Make questions

He You
How often does + She + ……? How often do + We + ….…?
It They

How often does your mother prepare How often do you help your mother in
couscous? the kitchen?

 My mother………………………  I……………………………………
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

31
 Exercise .2.
 Re-write the sentences in the correct order:
1. To the mountains / never / go/ we. We never go to the mountains.
2. Usually / arrives late / the bus .………………………………………………………………
3. Go to bed before 11 / often / I .……………………………………….………………………
4. Often / she / write to me / doesn’t. ……………………………….………………………………
5. Play football / the boys / always. …………………………………….…………………………
6. Never / drinks coffee in the evening / she .……………………………………….………………………
7. It / rain in the summer / often / doesn’t .………………………………………………………………
8. Read books slowly / I / always ………………………….…………….……………………...
9. Usually / my father / goes to work by bus .………………………………………………………………
10. Always / go to the beach at the weekend / we .……………….…………………………………….………..
Exercise .3.

 Write questions with the following words :

1. You / on Saturdays / go swimming How often do you go swimming on Saturdays?

2. They / visit / London / in August .....................................................................................................

3. He / forget / his homework .......................................................................................................
4. She / listen to / before school / the radio ........................................................................................................
5. You / become / nervous .......................................................................................................
6. He / come / late to school ... ....................................................................................................
7. Kamal / movies / on the weekends / watch ......................................................................................................
8. They / in the house / on Sundays / help .......................................................................................................
9. Your parents / on holidays / bored .......................................................................................................
10. Your brother / go to / by car / school ………...........................................................................................

Exercise .4.
Ask your friend Give your answer
................................................... ...................................................
(drink coffee 4%) ................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
(take the bus to school 0%) ................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
(wear black cloths 70%) ................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
(watch films on TV 85%)
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
(read the newspaper 45%)
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
(Use the internet 70%)
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
(speak in English 100%) ................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................

32
 Possessive case

To show ownership or association.

‘s of-phrase ‘s / of-phrase

1. Belongs to people: 1. Belongs to something: 1. Belongs to

 The girl’s name.
organisations:
 The woman’s hat.  The door of the house.
 The company’s success.
2. Belongs to animals:
o The success of the
 The horse’s tail.
 The name of the book. company.
 The cat’s eyes.
3. Belongs to places: 2. Belongs to a group of
 The city’s new theater.  The back of the car.
people:
 The world’s population.
 The government’s decision.
4. Belongs to time:  The owner of the restaurant.
o The decision of the
 Yesterday’s newspaper.
government.
 Next week’s meeting.

‘s
Used with singular Used with plural
nouns nouns

not ending in -s ending in -s not ending in -s ending in -s

 My friend’s house  Lamis’s car.  children’s toys  My sisters’ room

 Lamis’ car.

Exercise .1.

1. This pen belongs to Asmae. 11. The uncle / Bill

 This is Asmae's pen.  …………………………………………………
2. That bicycle belongs to Rebecca. 12. The public hospital of Taza.
 That is …………….……….…bicycle.  …………………………………………………
3. This watch belongs to my father. 13. The book of my sister.
 This is……………………….watch.  …………………………………………………
4. This camera belongs to our friends. 14. The camera / Ahlam
 This is …………………..………camera.  ………………………………..………………
5. That car belongs to the plumber. 15. The daughter / Mr Smith
 That is ……………………..car.  …………………………………………………
6. Those glasses belongs to students. 16. The names / your friends
 Those are…………………………glasses.  …………………………………………………
7. The books belong to the teacher. 17. The man / name
 These are ……………….………books.  …………………………………………………
8. These gloves belong to the gardener. 18. The car / Houssam
 These are ………………….………gloves.  …………………………………………………
9. That calculator belongs to Driss. 19. The car / my friends
 That is ………………….…….calculator.  …………………………………………………
10. The ring of Khawla. 20. The birthday / my father
 …………………………………………………  …………………………………………………
33
 B. Choose the right answer.
Exercise .2.
1. - The toys of the children are in the cupboard.
A. Use the Genitive Case: ‘s
- The children's toys are in the cupboard.
1. The skirts of the women are white. 2. - Mary is a friend of my mother's.
2. ………………………………………………….……… - Mary is a friend of my mother.
3. - The dog of my neighbour barks all night long.
3. The tail of the horse is not short.
- The neighbour's dog barks all night long
4. …………………………………………………………… 4. - Most people agree with the proposal of the new
5. The offices of the doctors are beautiful government.
6. ………………………………………………….……… - Most people agree with the new government's proposal.
5. - The workmen are here to repair the roof of the house.
7. The toys of the babies are funny.
- The workmen are here to repair the house's roof.
8. ………………………………………………………….
6. - Peter's car is the same colour as mine.
9. The hat of Mrs. Sally is red. - The car of Peter is the same colour as mine.
10. ………………………………………………………..… 7. - Dad spent the week painting our grandparents' house.
- Dad spent the week painting the house of our grandparents.
Exercise .3.
 Use the Genitive Case: 4. the top / the page 8. the story / the meaning
of-phrase  ……………………………………….……  …………………….………………………
1. The door belongs to the house. 5. The news / this day. 9. Name / the book
 This is the door of my house.  ……………………………..………………  ……………………………………….……
2. The price belongs to the PC. 6. the rays / sun 10. window / the room
 This is…………………………….……  ………………………………………….…  …………………………………….………
3. These walls belong to my room. 7. The papers belong to the books. 11. leg / is broken. / the chair
 These are…………………………………  These are…………….……………………  ……………………………………………

Exercise .4.

 Join the nouns with: ‘s / of-phrase

1. The owner / that car 11. The result / the football match.
 The owner of that car.  ……………………………………………
2. The mother / Imane 12. The garden / our neighbours.
 Imane’s mother.  ……………………………………………
3. The daughter / Charles. 13. The ground floor / our building.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
4. The cause / the problem. 14. The children / Hicham and Aya.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
5. The newspaper / yesterday. 15. The economic policy / the government.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
6. The birthday / my father. 16. The husband / Mery.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
7. The name / this street. 17. The jacket / that man.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
8. The ball / children. 18. The husband / the woman talking to you.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
9. The new manager / the company. 19. The car / the parents / Ilyas.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
10. The top / the page. 20. The wedding / the friend / Ismail.
 ……………………………………………  ……………………………………………
34
 Prepositions of time

Preposition Use Example

1. at 6 .p.m – at 8 o’clock… 1. I wake up at 7 .a.m.
2. The stars shine at night.
2. at night – at midday – at midnight – at
At 3. I stay with my family at Christmas.
noon. 4. I don't usually work at the
weekend.
3. At Christmas – at Easter – at Eid EL Fitr…
5. I like to drink milk at breakfast.
4. at the weekend (British) 6. I often visit my friend at the end of
the holiday.
5. at breakfast – at lunch – at dinner.
6. at the end – at the beginning.
1. On Monday – on Tuesday … 1. We're having a party on Monday.
2. On my birthday – on Christmas Day – on 2. There are a lot of parties on New
New year’s Eve… year’s Eve.
On 3. On Monday morning/afternoon/evening 3. I study English on Tuesday morning.
4. On 20 September - on the 20th of September. 4. Her birthday is on 20 November.
5. On the weekend (American) 5. I have a lot of work to do on the
weekend.
1. In 2015 – in the 1980s… 1. I got my baccalaureate degree in
2000.
2. In September/October…
2. In England, it often snows in
In 3. In summer. December.
3. It's too hot to work in summer.
4. In the 19th century/20th century…
4. Some great inventions appeared in
5. In the morning/afternoon/evening. the 19th century.
5. I wake up early in the morning.
6. In two hours – in a few minutes – in two
6. The train will leave in a few
weeks… minutes.
Before Earlier than something.  I don’t go to school before having
my breakfast.
After Later than something.  I always brush my teeth after
eating.
Until/till  Let's wait until it stops raining.
From----to Marking a period of time  Last evening we watched TV from 5
to 8 o' clock.
for  I've lived in this house for six years.
Since from a particular time in the past until a later time,  They've known each other since
or until now they were at school.
By Not later than a special time.  She had promised to be
back by five o'clock.
During Through the whole of a period of time.  We met a lot of interesting people
during our holiday.
Ago How far something happened.  I was in Agadir two years ago.
Up to Not more than a special time.  I can work up to 7 hours a day.
Within During a period of time.  I was assigned to finish my research
within a month.
… … …

35
 Exercises.
C. Fill in the blanks with:
A. Fill in the blanks with: at / on / in for – during – in – since –
before - ago - after
1. Mozart was born…………..1756.
2. The price of electricity is going up ……………….summer. 1. Zineb left Midelt ………….. 1996 and
3. My birthday party is …………………November. hasn't returned ……………. that time.
2. I had already eaten dinner …………… my
4. Jane is arriving ……. January 26 ………….2 o'clock …………. the
family arrived.
afternoon. 3. No one was allowed to use any written
5. It snows here every year ……… December. We always go outside materials …………….. the exam.
4. I become familiar with the city because
and play in the snow …….. Christmas Day.
I arrived here three years …………………
6. Michael is leaving ……… Friday…………… noon. 5. ………………… graduating from high
7. Frankie started working for her law firm …..1995. school, I would like to attend Wisdom
University.
8. Normally,…….. New Year's Eve, it's tradition to kiss the one you
6. My grandparents lived in that village
love ……. midnight. ……………….. a long time.
9. Don't be ridiculous; there were no telephones ……… the D. Fill in the blanks with the right
seventeenth century! The telephone was invented …….. the 1870s.
preposition of time :
10. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived ………….5 o’clock
Before / after / until / from-to.
……………the morning.
1. Hassan plays tennis every weekend
11. The plane leaves ……….. tomorrow morning ……….8:00 AM. …….. 7 .a.m …………7:45 .a.m.
12. The hills here are covered with wildflowers ………… early spring. 2. I don’t sleep ………..I finish my
13. We met at the restaurant ………..6:30 and stayed ……....10:30. homework.
3. I waited for her call…….…. .before going
14. Paul and Sheila always walk their dog …….…. going to bed
to Spain, but she didn't call.
15. I always brush my teeth …….… meals
4. I thank Alllah …….…….I finish eating food.
16. I never go shopping ………….. Saturdays because it's always
crowded E. Put in: ago / before.
17. …………. June the weather is always lovely here 1. This film looks familiar. Didn't we see it
18. Please no music ……10 pm at the cinema about two years ………….?
19. I wake up …….7 o'clock, ……..the morning. 2. The road was wet when the accident
happened. It had stopped raining only
B. Put in: for / since / ago. half an hour………….
1. I got here an hour ago. What! You mean you've been waiting 3. My telephone is working now. They
…………...an hour ? repaired it a week .…………
1 The phone last rang at 4 o'clock. So you've had no calls 4. A young man threw himself off this
………………...4 o’ clock. bridge last year. His girlfriend had left
2. I haven't been to the dentist …………… ten years. him two days .………….
3. I last saw Rachel on Monday. 5. About six years ………… my grandfather
Haven't you seen her …...... ? went to Paris to study law.
4. We've had six weeks without rain. 6. She doesn’t know him because she
Yes, it hasn't rained.................last month. didn’t meet him ……………..
5. Mrs. Miles was taken ill three weeks ………………. 7. I left the cinema …………….. the film
You mean she's been ill…………………… 21 days, and nobody's ended because it was so boring.
told me! 8. Clean the carpets …………… your
mother comes home.

36
F. Put in: G. Put in: by / until.
During / for / since / by
 Mrs Lewis: You'll need to hand your project in
1. Kevin and Joe have been in the same class ………. this week. I'd like to have it (1) ................. Friday.
first grade. o Rachel: Well, I'm going on a three-day study trip
2. It has not rained at all………...…. two weeks. tomorrow. I'll be away (2)…………..…….. Thursday.
The project will probably take me (3)……………..
3. No one was allowed to use any written
the middle of next week. I can't finish it
materials………….… the exam. (4)…………..….. the end of this week.
4. He said he would be here..............… 6 o’clock but  Mrs Lewis: Well, let me have it
he hasn't come yet. (5)…………….…….Wednesday of next week, please.

H. Fill in the blanks with the suitable preposition of time.

Khalid gets up …………....6 o’clock …………….. the morning. He usually eats eggs and bacon
……………….….Mondays but he only drinks milk……………..…Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. He goes
to the gym ……………….8 o’clock …………………..the morning. Khalid eats lunch ……………Half past two
……………………...the afternoon. After that he goes to school, He studies Arabic …………….…3:00 p.m.
………………...5:00 p.m. he never has classes …………..….6:00 p.m………………Monday, Tuesdays and
Wednesdays. Khalid works every day …………….…school ……………….…7:00 p.m…………………..10:00
p.m. he doesn’t work ……………..….weekends. He always goes to bed early…......................night.

I. Fill in the blanks with prepositions of time:

1. My brother does his homework ………….…… dinner.
2. Do you go to the mosque ……………….. Friday?
3. I study English in Dream school …………..…… 6:30 ………..… 8:30 p.m. …..……… Monday and Saturday.
4. What do study ………..….. Monday ……….……. 8:00 ……….….. 10:00?
5. In my school’ classes always finish ……………. 6:00 p.m.
6. Moroccans have lunch ……………….…. 1:00 p.m.
7. Aicha does her assignment ………..….…. The weekends.
8. Ahmed always washes his hands …………………. Freak fast ………..… the morning, …………. Lunch ………..… in the
afternoon and …………..…. Dinner ……………the evening.

J. Complete the sentences using the words in the book.

After – before – finally – first of all – when

1. My mum stays very fit. …………………………….., she goes jogging every morning. Then, she often des aerobics
in the afternoons.
2. After three hours driving, we ………………………………….. arrived home.
3. ……………………………….you knocked on the door, I was in the bath. Sorry.
4. I left the house ………………………………………it started raining so I got wet.
5. My twin brother started walking two months …………………………………….me. he is always first at everything.

37
K. Put in the correct preposition or no preposition of time.

1. There was a loud noise which woke us up ………………………. midnight.

2. Do you usually eat chocolate eggs ………………………… Easter?
3. What are you doing ……………………….the weekend?
4. …………………………. last week, I worked until 9pm …………………………every night.
5. My father always reads the paper ………………………….. breakfast time.
6. The man died three hours ………………. being in a car accident.
7. Henry has been teaching in this school ………………..11 months now.
8. She plays tennis ………………………. Fridays.
9. The trees here are really beautiful ……………………………. the spring.
10. The man fell into the hands of the police, ten years ………………. committing murder.
11. I’ll see you ……………………….Tuesday afternoon, then.
12. Shakespeare died ………………………….1616.
13. She studies…………………….. every day.
14. John is going to buy the presents ……………………………today.
15. Let me introduce you to Hicham and Hafsa. I have known them ……………….. my childhood.
16. My uncle jogs …………………. twenty minutes every day.
17. In my hometown the shops open early………………………. the morning.
18. She met her husband ………………………. 1998.
19. The party is…………………………… next Saturday.
20. We are meeting …………………………Friday morning.
21. I often get sleepy ………………………….. the afternoon.
22. His daughter was born ……………………………..the 24th of August.
23. Mobile phones became popular…………………………….. the nineties.
24. The meeting will take place …………………………this afternoon.
25. Luckily the weather was perfect …………………………her wedding day.
26. The car should be repaired ………………… summer vacation arrives.
27. The water and electricity have been cut off in our tenement house ……………….. the early this morning.
28. My grandmother used to cook and my grandfather washed up ………………… dinner.

L. Write sentences using a preposition of time and the following words.

1. 1975 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. 7 a.m. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. 21st century ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Tomorrow morning ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Summer ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. 22 April ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Five minutes ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Half an hour ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. September ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A few minutes ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The next day ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. My birthday party ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

38
 Writing : Describe Someone

 How to write a descriptive article.

1. Physical description
What does he or
she look like?

Height Weight Age Face Hair

Shave Bald Receding Flattop

Long
Crew cut d head head hairline
hair

 Tall  Slim  Young  Round

 Short  Fat  Old  Oval
 Medium  Skinny  Elderly  Wrinkled
 Average-  Plump  Middle-  Sun-
Perm
Spiky Dreadlocks Bob Shouter- Curly
height  Well-built aged tanned length
Or
 Slender  Teenage  Fair-
dreads
 Thin  Adult skinned
 Stocky  Freckled
 Frail  Egg-
 Overweight shaped
Bun French
Cornrows Chignon Ponytail
 Chubby twist

 Obese
 Sturdy
 Average
weight

Pigtails
Braids Long hair
Braid French
braid
Wavy

39
2. Moral description

What is he or she like?

Intellectual abilities Personal traits Attitudes of people

 Intelligent ≠ stupid  Optimistic ≠ pessimistic  Sociable ≠ introverted
 Talented ≠ talentless  flexible ≠ stubborn  Quarrelsome ≠ friendly
 Creative ≠ dependent  Calm ≠ nervous  Trustworthy ≠ cunning
 Brilliant ≠ boring  Hardworking ≠ lazy  Serious ≠ foolish
 Witty ≠ silly  Humorous ≠ humorless  Selfish ≠ benevolent
 Smart ≠ naïve  Patient ≠ impatient  Reliable ≠ unreliable
 Brainy ≠ reckless  Adventurous ≠ timid  Honest ≠ liar
 Astute ≠ slow-witted  Careful ≠ careless  Attractive ≠ ordinary
 Wise ≠ foolish  Curious ≠ withdrawn  Polite ≠ impolite
 Tolerant ≠ intolerant  Gorgeous ≠ ugly
 Helpful ≠ unhelpful  Generous ≠ miser
 Compassionate ≠ callous  Modest ≠ boastful
 Brave ≠ coward  Bossy ≠ submissive
 Kind ≠ unkind  Trustworthy ≠ liar
 Hesitant ≠ self-confident  Gentle ≠ rude
 Charismatic
 Talkative ≠ silent
 Sympathetic ≠ callous
 Active ≠ passive
 Rebellious ≠ submissive

40
 How to describe someone

Example
o Write a descriptive article about your favorite football player.
Moral description ………………………..………………… ‫الشخصية‬ ‫وصف‬
Intellectual Personal traits Attitudes of people
abilities
1. Intelligent 4. calm 7. sociable
2. talented 5. hardworking 8. reliable
3. creative 6. patient 9. polite

Physical description ………………..………………………… ‫وصف الجسد‬

Height Weight Age Face Hair
10. tall 11. well-built 12. young 13. egg-shaped 14. black

Fill in the blanks with the information above …………..…………. ‫امأل الفراغ بالمعلومات المحددة أعاله‬
above………………………………………………...
Introduction
One of the best football players that I One of the best ………………….that I
strongly admire is Ronaldo/Messey. This is strongly admire is __________ This is thanks
thanks to a number of his special criteria which to a number of his/her special criteria which
will be taken into discussion in this article. Thus, will be taken into discussion in this article.
Thus, at the beginning of this article, I am
at the beginning of this article, I am going to
going to shed the light on his/her moral
shed the light on his moral traits. Then, I will traits. Then, I will give some of his/her
give some of his physical features. physical features.

On the one hand, Ronaldo/Messey is Body

known by certain personal characteristics that On the one hand, _________ is known
make him different to the others. Among which by certain personal characteristics that make
the most important ones are as follows. For him/her different to the others. Among
example, he seems to be intelligent, talented, which the most important ones are as
follows. For example, he/she seems to be
and creative. Likewise, he is also considered to
………(1)……, ……(2)………., and ………(3)……..
be calm, hardworking, and patient. Meantime, Likewise, he/she is also considered to be
some people say that he is sociable, reliable as ………(4)………., ………(5)………, and ……(6)……...
well as polite. Meantime, some people say that he/she is
……(7)………, ……(8)….. as well as ………(9)…….
On the other hand, physically speaking,
Ronaldo/Messey is loved for his physical On the other hand, physically
speaking, _________ is loved for his/her
appearance. He is tall. He is also well-built and physical appearance. He is ……(10)…... He is
very young. In addition, his face is egg-shaped also ……(11)……… and very ……(12)…….. In
but nice. His hair is black and his hair-cut is addition, his face is ……(13)….. but nice. His
attractive. hair is ……(14)….. and his hair-cut is
attractive.
In a nutshell, I can say to conclude that
Conclusion
Ronaldo/Messey remains one of my preferable In a nutshell, I can say to conclude that
football players with reference to all that I ________remains one of my preferable
mentioned above. ……….……. with reference to all that I
mentioned above.

41
 My gifted friend or star

 ( height) ……………………….…………………………….……………………………….
 (weight)……………..…….………………………………………………………………..
 (age)…………………………………………………………………………………………..
 (face)………………….……………………………………………………..………………
 (eyes)…………….…………………………………………………………………………..
 (hair)…………………………………………………………………………………..

What does he or she

look like?

What is he or she like?

 (Something special about him or her.) …………………………………………………………
 (His or her behavior.) …………………………………………………………
 (His or her personality traits.) …………………………………………………………
 (His or her gifts and talents.) …………………………………………………………
 (What other people say about him or her.) …………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
42
 Unit 3
Food

There is a new American way of living today… Americans care about

physical fitness and good nutrition now as never before… we eat less red meat
and more poultry and fish, more fish vegetables and fruits, more grain cereals…

Not all Americans follow this advice however. Arthur Williams,

45, whose cholesterol level is so high that his doctor has warmed him to change
his eating habits or expect a heart attack, is enjoying a big breakfast. His effort
to start the day with fruit lasted only two weeks. “I couldn’t stay with it”, he
says not very repentantly. “It’s hard to find food that’s good for you. And tastes good.

Williams’ reaction to the surprising world of food choices is a simple one: give up and hope for
the best. Millions of Americans share the same attitude. Assaulted by a blitz of nutrition advice in recent
years- lower your cholesterol, eat more fiber, throw out the salt shaker, forget red meat, get more
calcium, reduce your fat intake, use more olive oil, grill everything, avoid barbecuing, eat more fish,
choose margarine, many Americans have thrown up their hands. “Basically, I eat junk food. Healthy
food is all very good. But who has the time? “Says Sharon, a 53 year old telephone company employee
downing a hot dog at a California restaurant.

Comprehension

A. Read the statements and say whether they are true or false. Justify.

1. All Americans eat less red meat and more vegetables and fruit.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Arthur’s doctor is worried about his eating habits.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Arthur enjoys having fruit for breakfast.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Sharon can’t afford healthy food all the time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Arthur Williams doesn’t repent keeping his eating habits.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B. What do the underlined words refer to?

a. We: ………………….… b. His: ………………….… c. It: ………………………

43
A. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Smile 7 Large 1
a Big g Sound
……. 7 …….
2 Voice 8 Force 2 ……. 8 ……. b Risky h Courageous
3 Begin 9 Obese 3 ……. 9 ……. c Reject i Depressed
4 Huge 10 Sad 4 ……. 10 ……. d Wide j Attempt
5 Brave 11 Refuse 5 ……. 11 ……. e Power k Laugh
6 Dangerous 12 Try 6 ……. 12 ……. f Start l Fat

B. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 First 7 Past a Consume g Narrow
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Big 8 Hard 2 ……. 8 ……. b Modern h Disagree
3 Clean 9 Agree 3 ……. 9 ……. c After i Rude
4 Produce 10 Before 4 ……. 10 ……. d Last j Prohibit
5 Allow 11 Polite 5 ……. 11 ……. e Easy k Boring
6 Traditional 12 Interesting 6 ……. 12 ……. f Present l Dirty

C. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

amusement – funny – urge – relax – drink – mountains - sunglasses

1. My father ………………………………….me to continue my study in medicine.

2. It is sunny. This is why she puts ……………………………………..
3. Hassan enjoys climbing the ……………………………………
4. Mr. Bean has …………………………………..videos on YouTube.
5. I prefer to ……………………………..orange juice in the café.
6. I go with my friends to nature for ……………………………………
7. She has problems and she wants to go to the sea to …………………………………….
D. Put these words in the right place..

pitcher – mixer – kettle – peeler – knife – spoon – ladle – fork – casserole – frying pan – bowl – pressure cooker –
rolling pin – grater – colander – bottle opener – cake pan – glass – cup – mug - teapot

44
cucumber – cauliflower – eggplant – parsley – coriander – pepper – carrot – onion – lettuce – olives – green beans –
big beans – marrow – courgette – pumpkin – chilli – turnip – cabbage – peas - radish

45
Pear – peach – plum – apricot – nectarine – kiwi – mango – fig – coconut – avocado – melon – watermelon – grapes –
tangerine – cherries – prunes – dates – raisins – raspberries - strawberries

46
 Quantity

Uncountable Countable

How much ………………… ? How many ………………… ?

any any
a bit of little Several few
a little a few
a great deal of a number of
some some
a large amount of a large number of
Plenty of Plenty of
a large quantity of a lot of a great number of a lot of
Much many

any
any

little few

a few
a little

some some

plenty of
plenty of

a lot of a lot of

much many

47
 Quantifiers Countable Uncountable Affirmative Negative Interrogative

yes yes yes yes

Any -
yes yes
Little / a little - - -
yes yes
Few / a few - - -
Some
yes yes yes
- yes

Plenty of yes yes yes yes yes

A lot of yes yes yes yes yes
lots of
yes yes yes
Much - -
yes yes yes yes
Many -
Exercise .1.

 Classify the following nouns. Put their numbers in the right column below.

1. time 2. game 3. bicycle 4. uncle

5. book 6. cheese 7. bookshelf 8. hour
9. food 10. sheep 11. bird 12. bus
13. hat 14. honey 15. book 16. dress
17. ship 18. curtain 19. bag 20. oven
21. sweater 22. dog 23. eraser 24. beach
25. sugar 26. cat 27. woman 28. teacher
29. milk 30. tea 31. furniture 32. insect
33. hair 34. dictionary 35. children 36. wife
37. jam 38. paper 39. pillow 40. umbrella

41. Envelope 42. ball 43. player 44. window

45. taxi 46. snack 47. eye 48. teacher
49. idea 50. glasses 51. castle 52. onion
53. computer 54. pen 55. artist 56. coffee
57. chair 58. milk 59. river 60. husband
61. water 62. gasoline 63. tent 64. salt
65. fruit 66. table 67. doctor 68. policeman
69. coconut 70. cream 71. exercise 72. sand
73. bread 74. money 75. lady 76. butter
77. meat 78. oil 79. house 80. flour

Countable Uncountable
…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
48
 Exercise .2.
9. ……………….….……….kilometers does it take
 Complete these questions using how many or
how much : between Fez and Mernissa?

1. …………………….….…People coming to the party? 10. …………….….………….work can you do yourself?

2. …………….….……..…Milk do you want in your coffee? 11. ……………….….……………homework do you get?

3. ………….…….….…...Bread did you buy? 12. …………………………people are there in your class?

4. ……………….……..Players are there in a football team? 13. ………………….….…………does a cup of coffee cost?

5. ……………….….………advertisements on television? 14. ……………….….………money does your father have?

6. ……………….…eggs are needed for making an omelet? 15. ………………….….…………languages do you speak?

7. ………………..……time is needed to finish this mission? 16. ……………….……brothers and sisters do you have?

8. ………………….times you got the best mark in English? 17. ……………….….…………...coffee do you drink a day?
Exercise .3. 18. ……………….. teachers do you have in your school?
 Rewrite these statements using too many / too much :
1. A lot of cars There are too many cars
2. Very narrow streets ………………………………………………………………….……………………………………….
3. Only three cinemas ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A lot of noise and dirt ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The parks are very small …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Very few things to do after work …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A lot of tourists …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 What about your village?

1. (too) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. (too many) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. (too much) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. (enough) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise .4.

 Put the words in the correct order.

1. is / lot / of / a / food / there ………………………………………………………………..………………

2. some / money / I’ve / got ………………………………………………..……………………………
3. there / is / juice / any ……………………………………………..………..…………………… ?
4. aren’t / any / there / desks …………………………………………………..…………………………
5. how / is / there / money / much ……………………………………………………..……………………… ?
6. got / much / I / milk / haven’t …………………………………………………..…………………………
7. aren’t / many / there / people ……………………………………………………..………………………
8. how / are / there / girls / many ……………………………………………..……………………………… ?

49
 Exercise .5. B. Complete the sentences with a little or a few.
A. Complete the sentences with some or any.
1. We're planning to make ............... fun.
2. Why don't we pick ............... plums for our
1. We didn’t buy…………..….flowers.
homemade jam?
2. This evening I’m going out with ………………friends 3. I had to write .............. letters this morning.
4. It only takes ................. minutes.
of mine.
5. There was only .................... time to talk to my
3. Have you seen……………..good films recently? parents on the phone.
6. Could you give me .................... bottles of cider,
4. I must go. I have ………………….homework to do.
please?
5. She finished the test without ………………difficulty. 7. There are only ..................... people in the room
8. We've got .................... money, just enough to buy
6. I didn’t have……………….money, so I had to borrow
a small present.
…………… 9. Have you got .................... milk for me?
7. Is there ………………coffee in the kitchen? Yes, there C. Complete the sentences with much or many.
is ……………., but there isn’t ……..…… sugar. There
isn’t …………..tea, either. I need to buy ……………..for 1. I don't have ……………CD's in my collection.
2. They don't have ………….. money to buy a present.
breakfast.
3. How …………… brothers do you have?
F. Complete the sentences with the right 4. Is there ……………. milk in the fridge?
quantifier. 5. How ……….……dirhams have you got?
6. That is my favourite book. I've read it ……… times.
1. They have had………….… homework in mathematics
D. Complete the sentences with a lot of or a few.
recently.
2. How……….….. time do you need to finish the work?
3. There are too…………..… students in the library. 1. That’s bad. I’ve got …………………. work this week.
4. Have you visited………………….. foreign countries? 2. There were just ……………… people at the concert.
5. Although he's very ill, he didn't take……….... 3. I am rich. I have got …………………..…money.
medicine. 4. Leila feels loneliness. She has ………….……. friends.
6. …………... people know as much about linguistics as 5. There are ……………….. things on your table, so
John does. please take them outside.
7. They say……………. knowledge is a dangerous thing. 6. There are ……………….. women in the government.
8. He's having……….……. of trouble passing his driving Many people think there should be more
test. 7.
E. Complete the sentences with some and any
9. I spend……………………..… of my time reading novels. and a word from the box.
10. He knows……………….…. English. He knows enough
English to manage. Music food petrol stamps books people
11. There aren't………………. car parks in the centre of chairs photos
Oxford.
12. Eating out is expensive here. There aren't………..…… 1. People couldn’t sit down at the party because there
cheap restaurants weren’t ………………………………………..
13. My country has…………………... of great nightclubs of 2. I couldn’t take …………………………………….…..on
dogs . holiday because the weather was so bas.
14. Hurry up! We only have………………... time before 3. We couldn’t buy ……………………………………….in the
the coach leaves. supermarket because our money was in the car.
15. We saw………………….… beautiful scenery when we 4. I need to put ……………………..…………………..in the car.
went to Austria. It’s nearly empty.
16. There are a………………….. shops near the university. 5. Do you have ……………………………………….…....? I want
17. It's very quiet. There aren't………..……… people here to post these letters.
today. 6. I want to buy ……………………….from the library.
50
 Prepositions of Place and Direction

up down over to / towards away from past

through along around onto off across

Near / next to
between opposite at into out of
beside

behind In front of above below on In

Go upstairs Go downstairs Turn left Turn right

North

West East

Go straight on (until you Cross the street

come to …) South
51
 Exercises .1.

A. Look at the pictures and then put the following prepositions in the right place.
On – behind - in front of – above – under - next to - in

1. …………………
2. …………………
…
4. ………………… 3. ………………… …
… …

6. …………………… 5. ………………… 7. …………………

… …
B. Look at the pictures and then complete the sentences below.

1. There is a TV …………………………. the table.

2. There is a dog ………………………. the floor.
3. The dog is ……………………….. the table.
4. The cat is ………………………… the flowers.
5. The keys are ……………………………. the flowers.
6. The flowers are ………………………….. the vase.
7. There is a big book ………………………. the flowers.
8. There is a picture ………………………….. the table.
9. The cat is …………………………… the table.
10. There is a bird …………………………. a cage.

C. Look at the pictures and then complete the sentences below.

1. The girls are ………………..the house.

2. The helicopter is ……………………the coach.
3. The coach is ……………….the helicopter.
4. The helicopter is …………………..the airplane.
5. The snail is …………….………the coach.
6. The snail is …………….………the coach and the girls.
7. The girls are sitting …………………..….the ground.
8. The airplane is …………………..…the house.
9. The airplane is flying ………………..…..the west.
10. The bird is flying ………………………..the sky.

52
Exercises .2.

 Put in the preposition in, on or at.

1. We spent the whole holiday on the beach.

2. I read about the pop festival …………….a magazine.
3. My parents' flat is ................. the twenty-first floor.
4. Mery is holding a small bird .............. her hands.
5. I will meet you.................. the airport.
6. Nazha now lives .............Fez.
7. I was standing.................. the counter ………………… the baker's shop, waiting to be served.
8. London is .............. the UK.
9. There weren't many books ..................the shelves.
10. The passengers had to stand ................. a queue.
11. The woman sitting next to me left the train..............Rabat.
12. She was standing all by herself …………………the conference.
13. He was sitting…………….. the top of the stairs.
14. There is such a mess…………… the kitchen!
15. There were many beautiful flowers…………… the garden
16. We had dinner ……………… a very nice restaurant.
17. They are dancing…………. the street!
18. We used to live……………….. the third floor.
19. They live…………..France.
20. Taha will meet us …………………the corner of the street.
21. Times Square is ………………… New York.
22. There is a lot to see……………….. Marakesh.
23. Where is he? He is………… prison.
24. She put my shirts……………….. the closet.
25. Peter lives …………………Turkey.
26. There were some beautiful pictures …………………the walls of their sitting room.
27. The children are playing …………………the grass ………………… the park.
28. Does this bus stop ………………… Taza hotel?
29. I live ………………… a flat ………………… the fifth floor.
30. There is a queue of people ………………… the bus station.
31. I always keep some extra money ………………… my bag.
32. I'll read your book tonight ………………… home.
33. Do you live ………………… a house or an apartment?
34. I read about your business ………………… the newspaper.
35. He went for a swim ………………… the river.
36. The information is ………………… the top of the page.

53
 Exercises .3.

A. Choose the right preposition of place.

1. Don’t stand………………… the television. I can’t see! ( on - in front of - above )

2. Come and sit ………………… me so that I can hear you better. ( beside - under – on )

3. From the plane we could see people in the fields ………………… us. ( beside - below - above )

4. You’ll have to turn round to see it. It’s ………………… you. ( behind - in front of – over )

5. The dead man was lying………………… the ground. ( behind - in front of – on )

6. Be careful. Don’t scratch the table! Better put a cloth ………………… it. ( above - beside – over )

7. It’s dark where the road goes ………………… a railway bridge. ( on - behind – under )

8. He looked up at the ceiling ………………… him. ( above - under - below )

9. You can sit ………………… that chair. Nobody is sitting there. ( in front of - on - above )

B. Put the correct preposition of place.

1. Rachid was lying ........................ the grass reading a book.

2. It's my holiday next week. I'm going .........................Spain.
3. There was a big crowd .......................... the shop waiting for it to open.
4. That man is an idiot. He pushed me ........................the swimming-pool.
5. Otmane hurt himself. He fell ........................... his bike.
6. There's a cafe.…………….........top of the mountain. You can have a coffee there before you go down.
7. The sheep went....................... a hole........................the fence.
8. Casablanca is quite............................. Rabat. It's only a short train ride.
9. There's such a crowd. You won't find your friend ………………… all these people.

C. Give directions to the following situations. Municipality guarden

 To go from A to P.
………………………………………….……………………………….. V
the second Avenue

………………………………………….………………………………..
Green street Red street Pink street

………………………………………….………………………………..
the fourth Avenue
the third Avenue

………………………………………….………………………………..
the first Avenue

………………………………………….……………………………….. Black street

 To go from D to U.
………………………………………….………………………………..

………………………………………….……………………………….. Gray street Blue street White street

………………………………………….………………………………..
Yellow street

U
………………………………………….………………………………..

………………………………………….………………………………..

54
 Writing a paragraph : problem

Kinds of topics
Positive Negative Argumentative
Topic sentence Topic sentence Topic sentence

 One of the most beneficial  One of the biggest problems our  One of the most controversial
things that one may profit from country suffers from these days topics in the last fez years
is _____ is ______ is ________
*********** *********** ************
 ________ is considered to be a  _________ is one of the burning  __________ is considered to
very useful thing that one may issues in our country nowadays. be a very debatable topic
benefit from. these days in our country.
Supporting sentences Supporting sentences Supporting sentences

 In fact, _______is useful with  As a matter of fact, this issue  Clearly, there is too much
reference to a variety of its is because of different causes that controversy about the merits and
prominent advantages. First, it can be concluded in what follows. drawbacks of _______ From the
plays an important role in…………. First,……………….. Second, …….………. one side, some people strongly
Second, it plays a paramount Third,… ………………..…… Apart from believe that _______is very good
significant part in…………….….Third, that, this problem is harmful with because of the following reasons.
it has a significant role in……………… reference to a variety of its negative To begin with, ……..……. Besides,
A case in point,………………… In still effects. A case in point, …………………. …………..……. However, from the
another example, …………………………. Besides, ……. …………..….. In addition, other side, some other people
………..…..……. Therefore, serious claim that_______is very bad due
measures should be taken into to different causes that can be
********** practice in order to solve this concluded in what follows. For
phenomenon. For example, instance, ………………….…… Likewise,
Indeed, ________ proves to be of ………..………… …..... Likewise, …………..…. Ultimately, In
great significance thanks to its good ………………… Similarly, …………..…… comparison between these two
advantages. First, It plays an opposite standpoints, I think that
important role in…………. Second, it ********** …………………
plays a paramount significant part  As a matter of fact, this **********
in…………….. Third, it has a phenomenon is due to a number of  Obviously, there is too
significant role in ……..... For causes that can be concluded in what much argument about the
instance, ………………………… In still follows. First,……….….. Second, ….… advantages and disadvantages of
another example, …………………..…. .……. Third, ……….…… Apart from _____On the one hand, some
that, this problem is harmful with people strongly state that
reference to a variety of its negative ________ is beneficial according to
effects. Obviously, ……………..………….. what follows. At first,…. ……….
Besides, ………….. In addition,………. Similarly, ……………… However, on
………………. Consequently, effective the other hand, some people claim
solutions should be taken into that__________ is useless owing to
account so as to put an end to this various causes. A case in
issue. For instance, ………………………… point,………. ………………. In still
Likewise, ….…… Similarly,…………….…. another factor,.…… Ultimately, in
comparison between these two
opposite opinions, I think that ……

Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion

As a conclusion, in my opinion, I Ultimately, from my point of view, I In a nutshell, I can say to conclude
think that ______ is very beneficial. think that ______ is very dangerous. that to be for or against is not the
question, but the question is to
what extent you can defend your
choice.

55
 How to write about any problem or phenomenon

Example:
o Write a paragraph about the problem of addiction to smoking by students.

Causes …………………………………………….. ‫األسباب‬

1. Bad friends.
2. Absence of control by parents.
3. Family problems.
Addiction to smoking by
Consequences ……………………………………. ‫النتائج‬
students
4. School failure.
5. Health problems.
6. Wasting money.

Solutions …………………………………………….‫الحلول‬

7. To sensitize people with the danger of smoking.

8. To prohibit smoking in public places.

Fill in the blanks with the information above …………………… ‫امأل الفراغ بالمعلومات المحددة أعاله‬
above………………………………………………...
Topic sentence

One of the biggest problems our country  One of the biggest problems
our country suffers from these
suffers from these days is addiction to smoking by days is _________
students. As a matter of fact, this issue is because Supporting sentences
of different causes that can be concluded in what
 As a matter of fact, this
follows. First, bad friends. Second, absence of issue is because of different
control by parents. Third, family problems. Apart causes that can be concluded in
what follows. First,………(1)………..
from that, this trouble is harmful with reference to Second, ……(2)..…. Third,……(3)….
a variety of its negative effects. A case in point, ………………..…… .Apart from that,
this trouble is harmful with
school failure. Besides, health problems. In reference to a variety of its
addition, wasting money. Therefore, serious negative effects. A case in point,
…………(4)……. .Besides, ………(4)….
measures should be taken into practice in order to …………..….. In addition, ……(5)…..
solve this phenomenon. For example, sensitize ……………………. Therefore, serious
measures should be taken into
people with the danger of smoking. Likewise, practice in order to solve this
prohibit smoking in public places. Ultimately, from phenomenon. For example, ……
………(6)...….. Likewise, ……(7)……
my point of view, I think that addiction to smoking ……… Similarly, …………(8)……..……
by students is very dangerous.
Concluding sentence
Ultimately, from my point of
view, I think that ______ is very
dangerous.
56
 Causes

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
Topic .1.
School failure Consequences

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
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 Causes

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
Topic .2.
Divorce Consequences

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..

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58
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 Unit 4
Shopping

Fasting is part and parcel of the practices of many religions including,

Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Today many are trying to dig up the benefits
of fasting. Some people fast for spiritual reasons while others fast as a way to
physically discipline the body. Whatever reasons one might come up with,
it has been scientifically proved that fasting has tremendous health benefits.

First, fasting is said to play an important role in the detoxification of the

body. Detoxification is a normal body process of eliminating or neutralizing
toxins through the colon, liver, kidneys, lungs, lymph glands, and skin. This
process starts when fasting. Food no longer enters the body and the latter
turns to fat reserves for energy. These fat reserves were created when excess glucose and carbohydrates
were not used for energy or growth, not excreted, and therefore converted into fat. When the fat reserves
are used for energy during a fast, it releases the chemicals from the fatty acids into the system which are
then eliminated through the body organs, leading to the cleansing of the whole body.

An other known benefit of fasting is the healing process that is obvious in the body during a fast.
When fasting energy is diverted away from the digestive system due to its lack of use and towards the
metabolism and immune system. The healing process during a fast is made easy by the body's search for
energy sources. Abnormal growths within the body, tumors and the like, do not have the full support of
the body's supplies and therefore are more susceptible to disappear.

Fasting also leads to a feeling of rejuvenation and extended life expectancy. This might be due to
the detoxification effect of fasting. A study was performed on earthworms that showed the extension of
life thanks to fasting. The experiment was performed in the 1930s by isolating one worm and putting it
on a cycle of fasting and feeding. The isolated worm outlived the other worms by 19 generations, while
still maintaining its freshness and youthful physiological characteristics.

Comprehension:

A. Are these sentences true or false? justify

1. People fast for only spiritual reasons.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. One of the benefits of fasting is the disintoxication of the body.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. The body turns to the fat reserves for energy when fasting.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. The experiment on worms was undertaken to prove that fasting leads to the detoxification of
the body.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

59
 A. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Client 7 Help 1
a Area g Nation
……. 7 …….
2 Competition 8 Solidarity 2 ……. 8 ……. b Significance h Subject
3 Prevent 9 Bossy 3 ……. 9 ……. c Assist i Contest
4 Region 10 Important 4 ……. 10 ……. d Stop j Tasting
5 Country 11 Delicious 5 ……. 11 ……. e Cooperation k Humour
6 Topic 12 Comedy 6 ……. 12 ……. f Customer l Authoritative

B. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Buy 7 Awful a Illegal g Literate
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Strong 8 Singular 2 ……. 8 ……. b Slow h Complex
3 Illiterate 9 Passive 3 ……. 9 ……. c Import i Pleasant
4 Legal 10 Simple 4 ……. 10 ……. d Expensive j Weak
5 Progress 11 Cheap 5 ……. 11 ……. e Plural k Active
6 Export 12 Fast 6 ……. 12 ……. f Sell l Underdevelopment

C. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

Ideas – project – work – drive – catch – flowers – plan

1. I know how to ……………………………………… a car.

2. Salma has a lot of money. She thinks of a ………………………………………in Fez.
3. I should have a …………………………………for my future.
4. Chaymae ……………………………….in Adidas company.
5. His …………………………………makes his TV-programme very attractive.
6. He has a big hand; he can …………………………………….the ball with one hand.
7. Fadwa loves red …………………………………
D. Put these words in the right place.

Grill – roast – boil – fry – bake – cut – dice – chop – grate – melt – add - pinch – pour – scramble – stir – slice – crush –
mix – taste – serve – clean - add

60
Blouse – belt – T-shirt – trainers – shirt – shorts – skirt – shoes – gloves – suit – dress – coat – pants – pullover – socks –
tie – ring – earring - bracelet – hat – cap – scarf – cuff – dressing gown – watch – laces – heel shoes – waist coat –
cardigan – glasses - necklaces – sunglasses - slippers – sweater – jacket – pajamas – boots – sandals – purse – wallet -

61
62
 Present continuous

Now
Past Future

Uses

To talk about an To talk about longer To talk about an To talk about

action that happens action or event in Repeated actions to

actions in progress the near future,
at the time of show Irritation or
which has already
now.
speaking. been planned or disturbance.
prepared.

Look, they are More and more We are going on She is always coming
playing football. people are becoming holiday tomorrow late to the classroom.
vegetarian.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I am playing football I am not playing football Am I playing football ?

You are listening to music. You are not listening to music. Are you listening to music?
Singular

She is reading a book. She is not reading a book. Is she reading a book?

He is watching TV. He is not watching TV. Is he watching TV ?

It is moving quickly. It is not moving quickly. Is it moving quickly?

We are having dinner. We are not having dinner. Are we having dinner ?
Plural

You are doing homework. You are not doing homework. Are you doing homework ?

They are crossing the road. They are not crossing the road. Are they crossing the road?

Exercise .1.
 Re-write the following sentences in the present continuous.

1) I talk about politics with my father

2) He speaks English.
3) You read a newspaper.
Affirmative Negative Question
1) ……………………………………………… 1) …………………………………………… 1) ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… …………………………………………… ……………………………………………
……………………………………..……… ……..……………………………………… ……..………………………………………
2) …………………………………………… 2) ……………………………………………. 2)
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………. ……..………………………………………......
……………………………………..…… ……..……………………………………… ………………………………………………
……..………………………………………
3) ……………………………………………. 3) …………………………………………… 3)………………………………………………
……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ………………………………………………
……………………………………..…… ……..……………………………………… ……..………………………………………

63
 Exercise .2.
 Describe the following pictures as suggested..

4. Sing. 3. Read. 2. Walk. 1. Run.

She is singing. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

7. Swim. 6. Cook. 5. Ride. 8. Drink.

……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

10. Laugh. 9. Sleep. 12. Clean. 11. Study.

……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

15. ……………. 14. ……………. 13. ……………. 16. …………….

……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

64
 Exercise .3.
A. Look at the picture and write sentences using (she is + v–ing) or (she isn’t + v-ing):

1. (Have dinner) 1. She isn’t having dinner.

2. (Watch television) 2. …………………………………………………

3. (Sit on the floor.) 3. ……………………………………………….

4. (Read a book.) 4. ……………………………………………….

5. (Play the piano.) 5. ………………………………………………

6. (Laugh.) 6. ……………………………………………….

7. (Wear a hat.) 7. ……………………………………………….

8. (Write a letter.) 8. ………………………………………………

B. write the following sentences in the present continuous.

1. ( I / wash / my hair )……………………………………………………………………………………

2. ( it / snow )………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ( I / sit / on a chair )…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ( I / eat )…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ( it / rain )……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. ( I / learn / English )……………………………………………………………………………………
7. ( I / listen / to music )…………………………………………………………………………………..
8. ( the sun / shine )………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. ( I / wear / shoes )……………………………………………………………………………………….
10. ( I / read / newspaper )…………………………………………………………………………………

C. Complete the following sentences using one of these verbs:

Build cook stand stay go have swim work

1. Please, be quite. I am working.

2. Where is Farida? She is in the kitchen. She ………………………………………..
3. You ………………………….…………on my foot.
4. Look, somebody …………………..………………in the river.
5. We are here on holiday. We ………………….………………..at Tounate Hotel.
6. Where is Ahmed? He …………………………..…………….a shower.
7. They ………………………………..……..a swimming pool in the city center at the moment.
8. I ……………………………..……..now. Goodbye.

65
 Exercise .4.
A. Look at the pictures and complete the questions :
Cry eat go laugh look at read

B. Write questions from these words below and using is or are :

1. ( Working / Fayza / today ?)
Is Fayza working today?
2. ( what / doing / the children? )
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………
3. ( you / listening / to me? )
………………………………………………………………….………………………………
4. ( where / going / your friends? )
…………………………………………………………….……………………………..……
5. ( your parents / television / watching? )
……………………………………………………………………………………………..….
6. ( what cooking / Awisha? )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. ( why / you / looking / at me? )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…
8. ( coming / the bus? )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

66
Comparatives Comparative and Superlative Form Superlatives
A. For adjectives ending in -e, we just put -r at A. For adjectives ending in -e, we just put -st at
the end: the end:
1. nice = nicer than… 1. nice = the nicest…
2. safe = safer than… 2. safe = the safest…
3. wise = wiser than… 3. wise = the wisest…
4. gentle = gentler than… 4. gentle = the gentlest…
5. large = larger than… 5. large = the largest…
6. strange = stranger than… 6. strange = the strangest…
7. close = closer than… 7. close = the closest…
B. For adjectives ending in -consonant, we put B. For adjectives ending in -consonant, we put
-er at the end: -est at the end:
1. high = higher than… 1. high = the highest…
2. low = lower than… 2. low = the lowest…
3. old = older than… 3. old = the oldest…
4. warm = warmer than… 4. warm = the warmest …
5. slow = slower than… 5. slow = the slowest…
6. fast = faster than… 6. fast = the fastest…
7. clean = cleaner than… 7. clean = the cleanest…
8. narrow = narrower than… 8. narrow = the narrowest …
9. cold = colder than… 9. cold = the coldest …
10. great = greater than… 10. great = the greatest …
11. short = shorter than… 11. short = the shortest …
C. For adjectives ending in -y, we remove the y C. For adjectives ending in -y, we remove the y
and put -ier at the end: and put -iest at the end:
1. lazy = lazier than… 1. lazy = the laziest…
2. tasty = tastier than… 2. tasty = the tastiest…
3. easy = easier than… 3. easy = the easiest…
4. early = earlier than… 4. early = the earliest…
5. happy = happier than… 5. happy = the happiest…
6. heavy = heavier than… 6. heavy = the heaviest…
7. pretty = prettier than… 7. pretty = the prettiest…
8. busy = busier than… 8. busy = the busiest …
9. angry = angrier than… 9. angry = the angriest …
10. lucky = luckier than… 10. lucky = the luckiest …
11. shiny = shinier than… 11. shiny = the shiniest …

D. For some adjectives, we put a -double letter D. For some adjectives, we put a -double letter
before the –er: before the –est:
1. hot = hotter than… 1. hot = the hottest…
2. big = bigger than… 2. big = the biggest…
3. sad = sadder than … 3. sad = the saddest…
4. fat = fatter than … 4. fat = the fattest…
5. thin = thinner than … 5. thin = the thinnest …
E. For long adjectives, we do not change the word, E. For long adjectives, we do not change the word,
but we put -more before it: but we put -the most before it:
1. interesting = more interesting than… 1. interesting = the most interesting…
2. difficult = more difficult than… 2. difficult = the most difficult…
3. important = more important than … 3. important = the most important…
4. intelligent = more intelligent than … 4. intelligent = the most intelligent…
5. boring = more boring than … 5. boring = the most boring …
6. difficult = more difficult than … 6. difficult = the most difficult …
7. useful = more useful than … 7. useful = the most useful …
8. dangerous = more dangerous than … 8. dangerous = the most dangerous …
67
 Exceptions
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Good better than … the best…
Bad worse than … the worst …
Far farther/further than … the farthest / the furthest …
Much more than … the most …
Little less than … the least …

Exercises.

A. Make comparative sentences.

1. My dad / old / my mum ………….…my dad is older than my mum……………………..

2. Cinema / good / TV ………………………………………………………………………………………
3. My cousins / intelligent / me ………………………………………………………………………………
4. English / easy / French …………………………………………………………………….……………......
5. I / heavy / my sister ……………………………………………………………………………………….
6. My sister / fat / her friends…………………………………………………………………………………
7. Mery / lucky / her friends …………………………………………………………………………………
8. Dogs / dangerous / cats………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Her marks / bad / mine ………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Complete the sentences. Use the Comparative form of the words between brackets.

1. This chair is more comfortable than that chair. (comfortable)

2. Your apartment is …………………………………………………… mine. (Large)
3. Today is …………………………………………………… yesterday. (warm)
4. Tom's mustache is …………………………………………………… Philip's. (dark)
5. Love is…………………………………………………… money. (important)
6. I'm …………………………………………………… my roommate. (lazy )
7. My brother is …………………………………………………… I am. (tall)
8. Iron is …………………………………………………… wood. (heavy)
9. My physics course is …………………………………………………… my math course. (difficult)
10. Nadia's English is …………………………………………………… her husband's. (good)
11. The Nile River is …………………………………………………… the Mississippi. (long)
12. A dog is …………………………………………………… a chicken. (intelligent)
13. -My wife's cooking is …………………………………………………… mine. (good)
14. My cooking is …………………………………………………… my wife's. (bad)
15. My little finger is …………………………………………………… my middle finger. (short)
16. This dress is …………………………………………………… that one. (pretty)
17. Your apartment is …………………………………………………… school. (far)
18. A horse is …………………………………………………… a person. (strong)
19. ( curb) Ken's hair is mine. 68
 C. Complete the sentences by using the Superlative form of the words between brackets.

1. Who is the tallest person in your family? (tall)

2. My mum is the………………………………………cook in the world. (good)
3. December is the………………………………………month of the year in my country. (cold)
4. What's the………………………………………animal in the world? (dangerous)
5. Ethan is the……………………………………….boy that I know. (happy)
6. Where are the………………………………………beaches in your country? (nice)
7. She bought the………………………………………cake in the shop. (big)
8. Who is the………………………………………singer in your country? (famous)
9. Our house is………………………………………in the village. (big)
10. He is………………………………………of four children. (young)
11. 1. There are 10 houses on our street. Our house is the……………………………………… one. (strong)
12. This is………………………………………song I have ever heard! (interesting)
13. She is ………………………………………girl in our school. (beautiful)
14. This isn't ……………………………………… book I have ever read. (useful)
15. My dad is………………………………….dad in the world. (funny)
16. My bedroom is………………………………………room in my house. (comfortable)
17. For English people, Japanese is………………………………………language to learn. (difficult)
18. That was………………………………………film I've ever seen. (sad)
19. My sister is……………………………………. person I know. (tidy)
20. Spain is…………………………………………country in Europe. (sunny)
21. What's …………………………………………place you've ever visited? (hot)

D. Make superlative sentences according to what follows.

Compare the speed Compare the height Compare the strength
(cheap ≠ expensive) (tall ≠ short) strong ≠ weak
Dawya Bouchta
hlima Hniya Taher

Hmida
Bicycle Car

Motorcycle

5. The bicycle is ………………………… 1. Hlima is ……………………………… 3. Hmida is ………………………………

…………………………………………….. …………………………………………….. ……………………………………………..
…………………………………………….. …………………………………………….. ……………………………………………..
6. The car is …………………………….. 2. Dawya is …………………………….. 4. Bouchta is …………………………..
…………………………………………….. …………………………………………….. ……………………………………………..
……………………………………………. ……………………………………………. …………………………………………….
69
E. Complete the sentences. Use the comparative form of the words in the list
big good bright expensive intelligent cheap fast high small hot sweet

1. An elephant is bigger than a mouse.

2. A lemon is sour. An orange is ………………………………………………a lemon.
3. The weather today is ……………………………………………… it was yesterday.
4. A diamond costs a lot of money. A diamond is ………………………………………………a ruby.
5. I can buy a radio, but not a TV. A radio is ………………………………………………a TV set.
6. An airplane moves quickly. An airplane is ………………………………………………a car.
7. A river is ………………………………………………an ocean.
8. A person can think logically. A person is ………………………………………………an animal.
9. Hills are low. Mountains are ……………………………………………… hills.
10. The sun gives off a lot of light. The sun is ……………………………………………… the moon.
11. Good health is ………………………………………………money.
F. Complete with the comparative or superlative of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Janet is …………………………..………… person I know. (good)
2. Africa is ……………………...……….…… Greece. (hot)
3. I am ………………………………….…… my friends. (generous)
4. We are ……………………………..……… we were last year. (happy)
5. What was ……………………….…………… film you saw last year? (bad)
6. Tony is ………………………….………… he used to be. (serious)
7. Greece is ……………………………….…… England. (warm)
8. English lessons are …………….………………………… Italian lessons. (interesting)
9. Which was …………………….………….…… dinosaur of all? (big)
10. Your cat is ………………….………….……… my cat. (fat)
11. The food at Jim’s Restaurant is ………………………..………..………… the food here. (tasty)
12. I think History is ………………..…………….…………… subject at our school. (difficult)
13. Life is …………………………………….… for us now than it was. (easy)
14. These shoes are ……………………………….…………… than my old shoes. (comfortable)
15. What do you think is ……………………………….………… subject at school? (important)
16. I’m good at English but I’m not …………………………………………… in my class. (good)
17. Jawad is ……………………………………… than me. (good)

G. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative using your own adjectives.

1. Our house is …………………………………………..…….one in our neighborhood.

2. I am …………………………………………….………..than my brother.
3. He is ……………………………………………………………student in our school.
4. …………………………..…………….man in the world is 120 years old.
5. My English class is ………………………………… my math class.
6. Don’t go to buy anything from the city center. It …………………………………………..place in the city.
7. My teacher says that Hicham Garouj is …………………………………………………..athlete in Morocco.
8. Cats run ………………………………….………….than tortoises.
9. The Nile is …………………………………………………….river in the world.
10. Everest is ………………………………………………………….mountain in the world.
11. Today is …………………………..than yesterday.
12. Love is ……………………………………………………….money.
13. A giraffe’s neck is ………………………….…..an elephant’s neck.
14. The weather yesterday was …………………………….one this week.
15. The car is ………………………….………than a plane.
16. The story about the ghost is …………………………………….……story I have ever read.

70
 Making and responding to request

Common expressions to make a request Examples

I was wondering if it were possible to + V + ……. I was wondering if it were
possible to turn off the TV.
To ask for Can Have + noun / pronoun + ……, Can I have a cup of tea,
something Could + I / we + please? please?
Why a request?

May Verb + …………, please? May I see Mr. Jones,

Might please?
Would you mind + V-ing + …., please? Would you mind speaking
a little louder, please?
To ask someone
to do something Can
Could + You + please + V +…… ? Could you please fill in the
for you
May form?
Might

Accepting Declining
 Yes, that’s for sure. o (when you don’t know)
 Yes, why not.  No. I’m sorry. I’m not sure about it.
 Yes, you are welcome. o (when you can’t do it)
 Yeah, that’s Ok.  No. I’m afraid. I can’t.
 Yes, of course. o (in general)
 Yes, go ahead.  No. I’m so sorry.

Exercise
A. Complete the following table by making requests according to the following situations.

Situations

1. You want to ask someone about time.

2. You want to ask someone about the way to Bouadel.
3. You want to ask someone for something you didn’t understand.
4. You want to ask someone for help.

Making a request Accepting Declining

2) ……………………………………………….. 4) ……………………………………………….... 4) ………………………………………...
………………………………………………… …………………………………………..……… ……………………………..……………
……………………………………..………… ……..…………………………………………… ……..……………………………………
5) ……………………………………………….. 5) ……………………………………………….... 2) …..………………………………......
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………..……………
……………………………………..………… ……..…………………………………………… ……..…………………..………………
6) ……………………………………………….. 6) ……………………………………………….... 3)…………………………..……………....
………………………………………………… …………………………………………..……… …………………………….…………………
……………………………………..………… ……..…………………………………………… ……..………………………….………………
7) ……………………………………………….. 7) ………………………………………………….. 4)……………………………..……………..
………………………………………………… …………………………………………..……… ………………………………………..………
……………………………………..………… ………………………………………..………… …………………………………………..……

71
B. Make requests according to the following pictures.
Ask your friend to call you Ask your friend to keep silent Ask your friend to help you

………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
. . .

Ask people to give you money Ask the waiter to bring you coffee Ask your mother to explain more

………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
. . .

Ask your parents to stop fighting Ask the police for help Ask your sister to stop talking

72
 Writing a paragraph : Positive Topic

Example:
o Write a paragraph about the importance of playing sport.

Advantages…………………………………………………………………………… ‫إيجابيات‬

1. Keeping physical fitness.

Playing sport 2. Developing mental abilities and changing the routine.
3. Encouraging communication and overcoming shyness.

Examples……………………………………………………….……….. ‫أمثلة‬
1. Jogging is an effective medicine whereby a sport-lover can develop
a resistible body.
2. Playing chess with friends is a rewarding recreation.
3. Playing football is also helpful to overcome laziness and know new
friends.

Fill in the blanks with the information above …………..…………. ‫امأل الفراغ بالمعلومات المحددة أعاله‬
above………………………………………………...

Playing sport is considered to be a very Topic sentence

useful thing that one may benefit from these days. ________ is considered to be
a very useful thing that one may
Indeed, playing sport proves to be of great
benefit from these days.
significance thanks to its good advantages. First, it
plays an important role in keeping physical fitness. Supporting sentences
Second, it plays a paramount significant part in
Indeed, ________ proves to
developing mental abilities and changing the be of great significance thanks to its
routine. Third, it has a significant role in good advantages. First, It plays an
important role in………(1)…….….
encouraging communication and overcoming ………………….Second, it plays a
shyness. For instance, jogging is an effective paramount significant part in ……….
……………(2)……..….. Third, it has a
medicine whereby a sport-lover can develop a significant role in ……………(3)…....
resistible body. In still another example, playing …………….. For instance, …………(1)…
…………….… In still another example,
chess with friends is a rewarding recreation. ………(2)………Likewise,……….…(3)….
Likewise, playing football is also helpful to
Conclusion
overcome laziness and know new friends. As a
As a conclusion, in my
conclusion, in my opinion, I think that playing sport opinion, I think that ____________
is very beneficial. is very beneficial.

73
 Advantages

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
Learning foreign  ………………………………………………………………………………..
languages  ………………………………………………………………………………..

Examples

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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74
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 Unit 5
Reacreation Activities

My wife and I go to the beach in the summertime. When it is hot, it is

good to cool off by going to the beach. We like going to the beach during the
daytime and at night. We enjoy going to the beach because we like the smell
of the ocean air and the sound of the waves. Walking along the beach is good
exercise and it is very relaxing. After we walk for a while, we like to sit on
the rocks and relax. Some beaches have rocks you can sit on them, but not all
beaches. If there are not any rocks, we just sit on the sand.

Sometimes we go to the beach that is close by, and other times we drive for an hour or two. The
local beaches are all right, but there are better ones farther away. Even though it takes some time to drive
to another beach, we do not mind. Sometimes we bring cold drinks and something to eat with us. If we
don’t bring something to eat and drink, we buy something on our way there. At some beaches there are
places to buy food and cold drinks.

Once in a while we go away for a weekend. Someday we want to take a boat ride. We want to go on
a whale watch someday. We have never gone on a whale watch before. If we go on a whale-watch, though, it
will be a good idea to take something like a sweatshirt or a jacket because it can get cold out on the ocean.

Comprehension.
A. Answer the questions. Use complete sentences.

1. When do they like going to the beach and why?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

2. Which beaches do they often go to?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

3. What do they bring with them?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

B. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

We: ……………………………. Them: …………………………. Ones:…………………………..

75
 A. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Picnic 7 Spread 1
a Garbage g Save
……. 7 …….
2 Nowadays 8 Keep 2 ……. 8 ……. b Put on h Provide
3 Situation 9 Afford 3 ……. 9 ……. c Trouble i These days
4 Issue 10 Understand 4 ……. 10 ……. d Prevail j Achieve
5 Trash 11 Reach 5 ……. 11 ……. e Comprehend k Hesitant
6 Wear 12 Ambivalent 6 ……. 12 ……. f Outing l Circumstances

B. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 New 7 Like 1
a Introverted g Bottom
……. 7 …….
2 Present 8 Earn 2 ……. 8 ……. b Flexible h Hardworking
3 Top 9 Employed 3 ……. 9 ……. c Unemployed i Noise
4 Lazy 10 Careful 4 ……. 10 ……. d Absent j Lose
5 Sociable 11 Silence 5 ……. 11 ……. e Irresponsible k Careless
6 Obstinate 12 Responsible 6 ……. 12 ……. f Dislike l Old-fashioned

C. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

Swim – ride – prepare – dream – spend – meet – invite

1. I ………………………………..all my friends to my birthday party.

2. Fouad should …………………………………...a lot to pass the exam.
3. Fayza likes to …………………………………..in the sea.
4. Amine ……………………………………his friends every weekend in the park.
5. My ………………………………….is to be the first in my school.
6. He is still a child but he can …………………………………..a horse.
7. I ……………………………..my summer vacation in Tetouan.
D. Put these words in the right place.

Archery – bowling – motor racing – scuba diving – show-jumping – billiards – wind surfing – ice hockey – discus – high
jump – long jump – ping-pong – javelin – fencing – football – basketball – handball – volleyball – tennis – boxing - karate

76
 Expressing opinion and belief

 To express and ask for an opinion:

Questions Answers

 What is your opinion about ………?  In my opinion,……..

 From my point of view,..……
 What do you think about …………?
 I believe/think that ………..
 What are your views about ….….?  If you want my honest point of view, ……
 If you ask me about that I think that…….
 In your opinion, what / who /
 As far as I am concerned, ………..
where / when ………..….?  It seems to me that ………….
 The way I see it is that ………..
 Don’t you think that …………?
 As I see it, ………..
 I feel strongly that ………
 I would say that …………

Examples
1. What is your opinion about Morocco?
 From my point of view Morocco is a beautiful country.

2. What do you think about the problem of pollution

nowadays?
 If you want my honest point of view pollution is a threat
to human life.

Exercises.

A. Express your opinion in the following statements.

1. What is your opinion about your city?

………………………….…………………………………………........................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………
2. What is your point of view about your school?
………………………………………………………………………….....................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. In your opinion, who is the best football player in the world?
…………………………..……………………………………..............................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Don’t you think that the internet is necessary for your education?
…………………………..…………………………………................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
B. Complete the dialogue with expressions of opinion and beliefs.

1. Dina : what ………………………………………………………..………………….…………………………. this cake?

2. Hanae : ……………………………………………………………………………..it is very delicious.
3. Dina : In…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
4. Hanae: Yes, that’s a good idea.
5. Dina: Don’t……………………………………………………………………………………..………….…………………?
6. Hanae: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
77
C. Ask for an opinion and then express your own opinion in the following statements.

 Cheating on exam
Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………

 The best means of communication.

Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………

 Husband helps his wife in the kitchen.

Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………

 The best means of transport.

Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………

 The best kind of sport.

Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………

 Friendship of the present time.

Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………

 The most delicious Moroccan meal or dish?

Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………

 The most famous Moroccan athlete.

Ask for an opinion Express your opinion
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….……………………
78
 Future tense

Will Be going to

It is used 1) when we decide to do something It is used 1) when we have already decided or

at the time of speaking. The speaker has not planned to do something. The speaker
decided yet. 2) to talk about something that thought of it before. 2) to talk about
may happen or may not happen.
something that is expected to happen.

 Oh really! I didn’t know. I  Yes I know. I am going to

will go and visit him. visit him tomorrow.

You know this before.

You don’t know this.

Your uncle is in
hospital.

Exercise .1. Use “Will”

1. Will they win the match? (to win)

2. ……………………………you ……………………..me? (to help)
3. When…………………….I……………………you again? (to see)
4. It…………………………..us three hours to get there. (not / to take)
5. ……………………………………this concert……………………..money for our school club? (to raise)
6. This van …………………………………………………….with 8 people in it. (not / to break down)
7. The meeting …………………………………..…..before tomorrow morning. (not/ to close)
8. When…………………………..she…………………………….me a copy of her essay? (to send)
9. Talal …………………………………….the teacher. (not / to tell)
10. I hope I ……………………………………..…..the train to Rabat. (not / to miss)
11. He …………………………………………..….breakfast tomorrow morning. (not/to prepare)
12. Maria …………………………………..jeans at her party. (to wear)

Exercise .2. Use “be Going to”

1. Example Are they going to buy a football for Karim? (to buy)
2. Tom ………………………………………..books from the library. (not/ to collect)
3. ………………………………………………..our plane. (we/to miss)
4. I……………………………………………in this dirty bed. (not/to sleep)
5. When …………………………………the table in the restaurant? (you/reserve)
6. He ………………………………..here any longer. (not/to stay)
7. ………………………………………………the toothbrush? (the man/ to steal)
8. Why ………………………………this Sunday? (they/to work)
9. She …………………………………………………..to the stadium. (not/to walk)
10. ……………………………….you……………………………..to Rabat? (to fly)
11. What ……………………………..you………………………….tomorrow? (to do)
79
 Exercise .2.
A. Read the text and then state will and will not for the sentences below.
At the moment, I have to work very hard. I study at home every night. It's Friday today, but I'll be at
home as usual this evening. I'll be in my bedroom with my books.
But tomorrow is Saturday - no college and no work! So tomorrow morning, I'll probably be in the city
centre. I want to buy some clothes. College finishes next month, so at the end of the month I'll be on holiday in
Tangier with my friends. A few years from now, I'll probably be married. In 2030, I'll be 40 years old. My children
will probably be at school. I don't know where I'll be in 2050.

1. Youssef will be at the cinema this evening. …...........…..

2. He'll be in his bedroom. …….............
3. Tomorrow morning, he'll be at college. ...................
4. Next month, he'll be in Tangier. ……...........…
5. He'll be on holiday on his own. ...................
6. A few years from now, he'll probably be married. ...................
7. He'll be 30 in 2030. ....................
8. His children will probably be at university in 2030 ……..............
9. He'll be in Paris in 2050. …............…..

B. Say what you think is going to happen in these situations.

1. Taha is taking his exams tomorrow. He hasn't done any work for them, and he is not very intelligent.
(fail) He ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It is 8:30. Faysal is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8:45, but the trip takes 30 minutes.
(be late) Faysal………………………………………………………………………………………
3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water very quickly.
(sink) It ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Ann is driving. There is very little gas left in the tank. The nearest gas station is a long way from here.
(run out of gas) the car………………………………………………………………………………………

C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate expression going to / will:

1. A- I have got a terrible headache.
B- Do you? Wait here and I ………………………..(bring) you some aspirin.
2. A- Why are you filling that bucket with water?
B- I …………………………(wash) the car.
3. A- I have decided to re-paint this room again.
B- Oh, you have? What colour…………………………….(you / paint) it.
4. A- Look , there is smoke coming out of that house. It is on fire!
B- Oh no, I …………………………(call) the fire department right away.
5. A- The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B- No, it looks as if it …………………………………(fall) down.
6. A- Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B- Yes, I ……………………………….(buy) something for dinner.
7. A- I can’t figure out how to use this camera.
B- It’s easy, I ……………………………………..(show) you.
8. A- What would you like to have coffee or tea?
B- I ……………………………………(have) coffee, please.
9. A- Has Farida decided what to do when she finishes her study at school?
B- Oh yes, everything is settled. She …………………………………. (take) a vacation for a few weeks and then
she …………………………..(start) a computer programming course.
10. A- Did you mail that letter for me?
B- Oh, I’m so sorry, I forgot. I…………………………………….(do) it now.
80
 Expressing like and dislike

Making questions

o What kind of ……do you like/dislike?

o Which …...do you like/dislike?
o Do you like/dislike ……?
o What is your favourite ……?
o How do you feel about …….?

Expressing « Like » Expressing « Dislike »

 I like …
 I dislike …
 I adore …
 I don’t like …
 I am crazy about …
 I hate …
 I am fond of …
 I detest …
 I prefer … to …
 I abhor …
 I enjoy …
 I loathe …
 I am keen on …
 I can’t stand …
 I am mad about …
 I can’t bear …
 I am interested in …
 I despise …...

A. Complete the following dialogue with what follows.

like - likes - don’t like - doesn’t like - dislike - hates

1. My sister ………………………..playing football. She says that it is a violent game.

2. She …………………………..preparing couscous on Friday.

3. I ………………………………riding a horse.

4. My niece ……………………………reading novels because they are long.

5. Khalil and Fouad ……………………………driving too fast. They fear from having an accident.

6. Children …………………………..staying at home for a long time. They quickly feel boredom.

81
B. Expressing ‘’like’’ and ‘’dislike’’.

Colour

Food ………………………………………… School subject

…………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………

Food
Music
…………………………………………
What …………………………………………
………………………………………… What
…………………………………………
………………………………………… do you do
…………………………………………
………………………………………… like you
…………………………………………
………………………………………… dislike
? …………………………………………
?

Food
City
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………

Film Means of transport

………………………………………… …………………………………………
………………………………………… Job …………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………

82
 Writing a paragraph: Controversial Topic

Example:
o Write a paragraph about such argument between people on the advantages and
disadvantages of working women in your society.

For (Agree) ………………………………………………………………………… ‫متفق‬

1. Women provide financial helps to their families.

Working women
2. Women participate in the development of their country.
3. Women become independent and equal to men.

Against (Disagree) ……………………………………………..‫معارض‬

1. The work of women causes different family problems.

2. Working women neglect their children and marital duties.
3. The spread of girls labour because of working women.

Fill in the blanks with the information above ……..…………. ‫امأل الفراغ بالمعلومات المحددة أعاله‬
above………………………………………………...
One of the most controversial topics in the last Topic sentence

few years is working women. Clearly, there is too One of the most controversial
topics in the last few years is
much controversy about the merits and drawbacks ________
of working women. From the one side, some people Supporting sentences
strongly believe that working women is very good
Clearly, there is too much
because of the following reasons. To begin with, controversy about the merits and
women provide financial helps to their families. drawbacks of _________ From the
one side, some people strongly
Besides, women participate in the development of believe that _________is very good
their country. In addition, women become because of the following reasons.
To begin with, ……………(1)….…….
independent and equal to men. However, from the Besides, ………(2).……. In addition,
other side, some other people claim that working ………(3)…..…. However, from the
other side, some other people claim
women is very bad due to different causes that can that__________is very bad due to
be concluded in what follows. For instance, the work different causes that can be
concluded in what follows. For
of women causes different family problems. instance, ………(1)….…… Likewise,
Likewise, working women neglect their children and ………(2)..…. Similarly, ……(3).………
marital duties. Similarly, the spread of girls labour Conclusion
because of working women. In a nutshell, I can say In a nutshell, I can say to
to conclude that to be for or against is not the conclude that to be for or against is
not the question, but the question
question, but the question is to what extent you can is to what extent you can defend
defend your choice. your choice.

83
 For (agree)

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
The internet
 ………………………………………………………………………………..

Against (disagree)

 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 Unit 6
Health and Welfare

Health in general is the context in which an individual lives is of

great importance on health status and quality of life. It is increasingly
recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the
advancement and application of health science, but also through the
efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society.
According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of
health include the social and economic environment, the physical
environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.
In fact, an increasing number of studies and reports from different
organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors. Among which are
lifestyles, environments, health care organization, and health policy.

Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from different
studies suggested that people can improve their health via: exercise, enough sleep, maintaining a healthy
body weight, limiting alcohol use, and avoiding smoking.

In addition to that, the ability to adapt and to self manage has been suggested as core components of
human health.

Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of
strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental
health and even increased longevity. In contrast, prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact
health, and it has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and
expression of disease.

Comprehension
A. Are these sentences true or false? Justify?

1. Being sociable can improve health.

……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. World Health Oganisation states that health is concerned only with society and economy.
……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Self-management and adaptation are two important elements to keep healthy.
……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Prolonged stress can cause only physical health problems.
……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. The writer supports his argument in the text with different opinions.
……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

Which: …………………….. Their: ………………………….. It: ………………………….

85
 E. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Great 7 Decision 1
a Occur g Furnish
……. 7 …….
2 Small 8 Soccer 2 ……. 8 ……. b Obstinate h Preferable
3 Supply 9 Opposite 3 ……. 9 ……. c Visitor i Impact
4 Happen 10 Goods 4 ……. 10 ……. d Contradiction j Amazing
5 Tourist 11 Influence 5 ……. 11 ……. e Resolution k Commodities
6 Favourite 12 Stubborn 6 ……. 12 ……. f Narrow l Football

F. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Healthy 7 Liar a Nervous g Public
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Private 8 Condemn 2 ……. 8 ……. b Borrow h Destroy
3 Order 9 Enslave 3 ……. 9 ……. c Free i Cold
4 Calm 10 Increase 4 ……. 10 ……. d Loyal j Disorganization
5 Build 11 Hot 5 ……. 11 ……. e Unhealthy k Sorrow
6 Lend 12 Welfare 6 ……. 12 ……. f Appreciate l Decrease

G. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

become – choose – cost – cut – fall – fly - hear

1. Bids ………………………………with their wings.

2. Ardogan …………………………………….the best president in the world.
3. It …………………………………………..a lot of money to finish my study in the USA.
4. The roof is not solid. It will ……………………………………..fall down.
5. The knife is very sharp. I ………………………………………..my finger.
6. It is difficult to make a decision but I should ………………………………………one of them.
7. Don’t shout; I can …………………………………..you.

Chills – diabetes – cancer – insomnia – allergy – influenza – cough – sore throat – measles – mumps – bruise – blister –
swollen – backache – stomachache – a broken leg – earache – obesity – stress – injury – alzheimer

86
 Ask about health and expressing feelings

Asking about health Expressing feelings

Positive Negative
 What is wrong with you?
 What seems to be the problem?  I feel Ok.  I am feeling quite down
actually.
 How are things with you?  Things are looking up today.
 I am feeling ill. I have got a
 How do you feel?  It is OK. Don’t worry. bad ….
 I am not well at all. I have
 I am feeling better now.
 What is the matter with you? severe pain in my …
 I am doing well.  I am in the depths of
 Are you feeling better?
despair.
 I don’t feel well.

 How serious is my health

problem and how will it affect
my home and work life?
 What tests will be involved in
diagnosing my health problem?
 What symptoms should I watch
for?
 How long will the treatment
take?
 Is there anything I should avoid
during treatment
 How long will it take me to
recover?
 Do I need to be on a special
diet?

 How long have you been ill?

 During what part of the day do you feel
like this?
 For how long have you been feeling this
pain?
 Does your sickness stop you from
practicing in everyday work, school…?
 What did you take when you felt sick? How
often? How much?
 Have ever had any operations?
 Are you allergic to anything?
 Do you have health insurance?

87
 A. Put the following words in the right picture.

Toothache – laugh – cold – crying – fear – headache – vomit – frowning – nervous -

fever / temperature – eyeache – dizziness – tired – diarrhea – runny nose / flu - disappointed

4
2

…………....……. 3 …………....…….
1
…………….……. …………….…….
…………....……. …………....…….
…………….……. …………….…….

6 8
5

…………....……. …………....……. …………....…….

7
…………….……. …………….……. …………….…….
…………....…….
…………….…….

9
12
…………....……. 10 11
…………….……. …………....…….
…………....……. …………....……. …………….…….
…………….……. …………….…….

15 16

13 14 …………....……. …………....…….
…………….……. …………….…….
…………....……. …………....…….
…………….……. …………….…….

B. Put the following words in the right picture.

Ointment – drop – herbs – shot/syringe – tablet – cream – pill – inhaler – capsule - syrup

1. …………………………. 4. …………………………. 3. …………………………. 2. …………………………. 5. ………………………….

… … … … …

10. …………………………. 6. …………………………. 7. …………………………. 8. …………………………. 9. ………………………….

… … … … …
88
C. Put the following words in the right place.

ear – cheek – face – eyebrow – eye – hair – nose – forehead – mouth – chin - ear

 Body part : ………………………...………

THE HEAD 2. ………………………...………

1. ………………………...………

3. ………………………...………
4. ………………………...………

5. ………………………...………
6. ………………………...………

8. ………………………...………
7. ………………………...………

9. ………………………...………
10.………………………...………

D. Put the following words in the right place.

Elbow – knee – arm – shoulder – breast – finger – thumb – hand – elbow – navel – back –
THE– toe
lower leg – foot – bottom – ankle BODY– thigh – wrist – neck – calf – chest - abdomen

2
3 1. ……………………………………………………..
1 2. ……………………………………………………..
4
3. ……………………………………………………..
4. ……………………………………………………..
21 5
6 5. ……………………………………………………..
22
6. ……………………………………………………..
7. ……………………………………………………..
20 7 8 8. ……………………………………………………..
9. ……………………………………………………..
9 10 10. ……………………………………………………..
19
11. ……………………………………………………..
18 12. ……………………………………………………..
13. ……………………………………………………..
11
14. ……………………………………………………..
15. ……………………………………………………..
12 16. ……………………………………………………..
17
16 17. ……………………………………………………..
15 13 18. ……………………………………………………..
19. ……………………………………………………..
14 20. ……………………………………………………..

89
E. Match the disease with their symptoms.
Answers
1. Flu a. Swollen glands in front of ear, earache or pain on eating.
1. ……..
2. Mumps b. Burning pain in abdomen, pain or nausea after eating.
2. …….
3. Ulcer c. Rash starting on body, slightly raised temperature.
3. …….
4. Chickenpox 4. ….… d. Dry cough, high fever, chest pain, rapid breathing.
5. Pneumonia 5. ……. e. Headache, aching muscles, fever, cough, sneezing.
6. Rheumatism 6. ……. f. Swollen, painful joints, stiffness, limited movement.

F. For what does the doctor or nurse use these things?

Answers
1. Thermometer a. For doing operations.
2. Scales 1. …….. b. For weighing people.
3. Tape measure 2. ……. c. For injection.
4. Scalpel 3. ……. d. For measuring temperature.
5. Stethoscope 4. ….… e. For measuring people.
5. …….
6. Syringe f. For listening to heart rhythm or air moving through the lungs.
6. …….
G. What medical problems might you have if …..?
1. You wear shoes that rub. …………………………………………………………
2. You eat too fast. …………………………………………………………
3. You smoke a lot. …………………………………………………………
4. You don’t play sport. …………………………………………………………
5. You stay too long in the sun. …………………………………………………………
6. You eat food you are allergic to it. …………………………………………………………
7. You eat food that is bad. …………………………………………………………
8. A mosquito bites you. …………………………………………………………
9. You get wet on a cold day. …………………………………………………………
10. You go skiing in a dangerous place. …………………………………………………………
H. What can the doctor do during your visit to hospital?
examine eyes – draw blood – check blood pressure – listen to heat – take temperature – examine throat

……………….……… ………………………. ……………………… ………………………. ………………………….. ………………………....

…………….………… ………………………. ……………………… ………………………. ………………………….. ………………………....
I. Write a dialogue between the patient and doctor.
Doctor Patient
.1…………………………………………………….…. .2…………………………………………………….….
.3…………………………………………………….…. .4…………………………………………………….….
.5…………………………………………………….…. .6…………………………………………………….….
.7…………………………………………………….…. .8…………………………………………………….….
.9…………………………………………………….…. .10…………………………………………………….….
.11………………………………………………….…. .12…………………………………………………….….
.13………………………………………………….…. .14…………………………………………………….….
.15………………………………………………….…. .16…………………………………………………….….
………………………………………….…. .………………………………………………….….
90
  It is possible …
 It is allowed …
 I will be late to the party, for I am
working until seven.

For
Can

purpose
Explains
 I am able to …

reason or
 I am capable of …

 Tom likes to read and write.

 It is impossible …

And

thing to
Can’t

Adds one

another one.
 Sally does not like the
 It is prohibited …
mountains, nor does she

Nor
 It is forbidden …
like the ocean.

alternative
Mustn’t

Presents an

to a previous
negative one.
negative idea
Possibility Ability Impossibility Prohibition

 I wanted to help her, but she refused.  It is obligatory …

/

91
 I am obliged …

But

Shows
Must

contrast
Have to
Have to

Fan boys
Obligation
Modals

 He wants peas or carrots for supper.  It is possible …

Coordinate Conjuctions
/

Or
 It is expected …
May

Might
Might

or a choice
alternative
Modals and Conjunctions

Presents an
Possibility

 I love chocolate, yet I do not eat  It is necessary …

chocolate ice cream.

Yet
 It is required …

“but”
Need to
Need to

Similar to
Necessity

 She was late to work, so her

 It is advisable …
/

So
boss made her stay after five.
 It is preferable …

result or
Should

Advice

Ought to
Ought to

Expressing

consequence
 Exercises.
A. Rewrite the sentences using modal verbs.

1. It is possible that it rains this afternoon. The sky is dark.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. I am obliged to work late this night.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I am capable of swimming in the sea.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. There are many people at home. A lot of food is required to be cooked.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It is obligatory to have a visa if you want to travel to Europe.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
6. He doesn’t understand the text. He is not expected to answer the questions.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..
7. If I were you, I would get up early.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………..
8. I am not sure she is at home.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
9. The doctor says it is impossible that the man has a heart disease.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….

B. Give the opposite meaning of the modals in the following sentences.

1. He must be Hamid. ………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I can speak English. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
3. You mustn’t smoke in public places. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. You needn’t come early. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She can’t do it. …………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..
6. She may use a dictionary. …………………………………………………………..………………………………………….
7. We must invite them. …………………………………………………………………….………………………………..
8. He has to justify his answer. ……………………………………………………………………………….……………………...
9. He ought to visit a doctor. ………………………………………………………………………………………..………………

C. Fill in the blanks with the right coordinate conjunctions.

1. Would you rather have cheese ……………..butter on your sandwich?

2. His two favorite sports are football ………………tennis.
3. I wanted to go to the beach, ………………. Mary refused.
4. I am a vegetarian, ………………. I don’t eat any meat.
5. I am allergic to cats, ………………. I have three of them at home.
6. Desert is harsh and dry, ……………….many plants grow there.
7. Badr looked at the antique teapot, ………………. he couldn’t afford to buy it.
8. Chaymae might go to the library, ………………. she might stay home.
9. Kalil didn’t like to eat the salad served with the meal, ………..……. would he touch any green vegetable
put on his plate.
10. Sanae play spot every day, ………………. she wants to stay in shape.
11. Jalal is a lawyer, ………………. he can tell you whether it is legal or illegal.
12. Aya couldn’t go, ……………….she was tired.
13. Your niece and I went out to lunch, ………………. we both ordered fish.
14. I don’t go for the fresh air …………………. really for the ducks. Honestly, I just like the soccer.
15. Bill refuses to eat peas, ………………… will he touch carrots.
92
 Permission

Asking for permission

 May/could/can + I + V + …………………?
 Do you mind if I ………………..?
 Would you mind if I ……………………?
 Is it Ok if I ………………………….?
 Do you think I can ……………………….?
 Is it alright if I ………………….?
 Would it bother you if I ………………………..?

Giving permission Refusing to give permission

 Yes, please do.  No problem.  No, please don’t.

 Sure, go ahead.  Please feel free.  I’m sorry, but that’s not possible.
 Yes, sure.  Yeah, that’s Ok.  I'm afraid, but you can't.

Exercises.1.
B. Ask for permission in the following
A. Fill in the blanks with the right expressions situations.
of permission.
1. ……………………………………………..if I use your phone? 1. Ask your friend for permission to watch TV?
…………………………………………………..…………………………
2. …………………………………………..……….………if I smoke?
……………………………………………………………………………….
3. ………………………………………..…I go to the rest room? 2. Ask your parent for permission to go on a picnic
4. ……………………………………….………I drive you home? with your friends.
5. ……………………..……………………….. stay here tonight? ……………………………………………………………………………….
6. …………………….……………….………if I use your laptop? ……………………………….………………………………………………
7. …………….……….I have a look at your photo album? 3. Ask your brother for permission to use his
bicycle.
8. ……………….……….…………if I invited them to dinner?
……………………………..………………………………………………
9. …………………….…………I make a call on your mobile?
…………………………….…………………………………………………

C. Imagine yourself in the classroom. What kind of permissions you may ask the teacher for?

 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
93
1. ……………………………………………………….………
……………………………………………………….………
.

Your friend has a problem and she

is in need of help

2. ……………………………………………………….………
……………………………………………………….………
.

An old woman is hesitant to cross

the street.

3. ……………………………………………………….………
……………………………………………………….………
.

Your friend is in need of

explanation

4. ……………………………………………………….………
……………………………………………………….………
.

You are driving and you find a man

whose car is broken down

94
 Writing: email

 The form of an email:

From: ………… (Write e-mail of sender) ……………

To: ………..(Write e-mail of receiver)……………..

Subject: …………….(Write the topic)……………………

I am writing this e-mail in order to ……………. .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Complain about….
Apologize for …..
Invite you to…….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ask about/for ……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully.

Name of sender

 Sending an e-mail ( changing the time of a meeting)

To: Bob@hotmail.com
From: Joucee@hotmail.com
Subject: meeting change

Date: March 20, 2012

Bob,
I am writing this email in order to tell you that tomorrow’s meeting has been changed from 9:00
to 12:30. Sorry, but that’s the only time everyone can meet. It will last about one hour. Since it is
lunchtime meeting, the office will provide sandwiches and coffee for everyone. We’ll meet in the
training room. Please bring 10 copies of your budget report.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Thanks. See you tomorrow.

Joyce

95
Exercises .1.

For further details about

the post including job
description and the official
Vacancy Announcement
application form, you have
to write an email in which
British Council Exams Unit is recruiting for the
you apply for the job you following positions:

choose and give

information about you and
your study or certificates.
All applications must be emailed to
Good luck
recruitment@britishcouncil.org.np no later than
Monday, August 22, 2016.

Exercises .2.

 You are interested in studying English in the United Kingdom. You have seen the advertisement
below in an international magazine and you want to send an email to Jane Black for further details.
You want to get more information including the remarks written in red colour.

96
 Unit 7
The arts

When I was flying to Canada last month I met two people from France,
Joelle and Henri. They were going on holiday for a month. I was very surprised
because they only had one small bag each. ‘We each have only one change of
clothes’, Joelle said. She was wearing jeans, a T-shirt, a light jacket and running
shoes. ‘When you have travelled around for forty years, like us, ‘she said, ‘you
learn something. Take two sets of clothes and when one is dirty, wash it, and wear
the other’. ‘You never have to wait for your bags,’ Henri said. We carry them on the plane as hand
luggage, and carry them off’.

What else did they take? Oh! The usual things, ‘Joelle told us. Pajamas, underwear a toothbrush.
I take a radio, alarm, and Henri takes an electric razor. That’s all we need’.

When we landed in Vancouver they said goodbye and walked through customs, straight out of
the door. I waited for half an hour for my luggage and when it arrived, one of my bags was lost.

Comprehension
A. Are these statements True or False? Justify your answer:

1. The writer flew to France last month.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Joelle and Henri had two pieces of luggage.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Joelle and Henri have travelled a lot.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. The French couple had to wait for their luggage in Vancouver.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. One bag from the luggage of the French couple was missed.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

B. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

One: ………………………….. Them: ……………………….. We: ……..………………………

97
H. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Fantastic 7 Needs 1
a Salary g Strive
……. 7 …….
2 Charming 8 Tired 2 ……. 8 ……. b Connection h Requirements
3 Design 9 Mercy 3 ……. 9 ……. c Charismatic i Quantity
4 Duty 10 Unable 4 ……. 10 ……. d Exhausted j Gigantic
5 Wage 11 Link 5 ……. 11 ……. e Incapable k Forgiveness
6 Struggle 12 Amount 6 ……. 12 ……. f Responsibility l Plan

I. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Urban 7 Simplify a Stupidity g Ignorance
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Show 8 Advantages 2 ……. 8 ……. b Obesity h Embarrass
3 Knowledge 9 Always 3 ……. 9 ……. c Impoverish i Paradise
4 Wisdom 10 Motivate 4 ……. 10 ……. d Rural j Damage
5 Save 11 Enhance 5 ……. 11 ……. e Never k Disadvantages
6 Fitness 12 Hell 6 ……. 12 ……. f Complicate l Hide

J. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

Internet – classroom – homework – feel – catch – tall - provide

8. I am sick; I …………………………………………..pain in my head.

9. Students should participate in the ………………………………………
10. I called the police to ……………………………………..the criminal.
11. Hassan Tower is very ……………………………………
12. Aljazeera TV-Channel …………………………………….people with the latest news.
13. I must do my ………………………………….to succeed in my study.
14. ……………………………..is one of the biggest inventions.
K. Put these words in the right place.

calligraphy – wood carving – the art of performing – the art of drawing

98
 Simple past

Past Now
Future

Verb To be Other verbs

 I was  I was not  I spoke (speak)  I did not speak

 You were  You were not  You talked (talk)  You did not talk
 He was  He was not  He wrote (write)  He did not write
 She was  She was not  She went (go)  She did not go
 It was  It was not  It had (have)  It did not have
 We were  We were not  We saw (see)  We did not see
 You were  You were not  You studied (study)  You did not study
 They were  They were not  They knew (know)  They did not know

Short form Verbs

 I was not = I wasn’t

Regular verbs Irregular verbs
 You were not = You weren’t

 He was not = He wasn’t

 She was not = She wasn’t Examples Examples

 It was not = It wasn’t Explain ___ explained Become ___ became
 We were not = We weren’t Work ___ worked Know ___ knew
 You were not = You weren’t Demand ___ demanded Win ___ won
 They were not = They weren’t Change ___ changed Buy ___ bought

1. Most regular verbs form the simple 2. If the base form ends in a consonant + Y,
past tense by adding –ed to the base form: change the y to i before adding –ed:
Base form Past tense
Follow Followed Base form Past tense
Check out Checked out Try Tried
Start Started Study Studied
Reply Replied
Carry out Carried out
2. If the base form of the verb ends
3. Don’t double the consonant if it is w, x, or y:
in –e, add –d for the past tense:
Base form Past tense Base form Past tense
Die off Died off Flow Flowed
Notice Noticed Relax Relaxed
Arrive Arrived Play Played
1. Don’t double the consonant if the verb has
1. Don’t double the consonant if there are more than one syllable and the last syllable is
two vowels before it: not stressed:

Base form Past tense Base form Past tense

Remain Remained Open Opened
Regulate Regulated
99
 Present Past
 Today  Yesterday
 This morning  Yesterday morning
 This afternoon  Yesterday afternoon
 Tonight  Last night
 This week  Last week

Exercise .1.

 Change the sentences to the past.

Present Past
1. I am in class today. I was in class yesterday.
………………………………………………………….........................
2. Mary is at the library today.
………………………………………………………….........................
………………………………………………………….........................
3. We're in class this morning.
………………………………………………………….........................
………………………………………………………….........................
4. Aya and Taha are in their offices tonight.
………………………………………………………….........................
………………………………………………………….........................
5. You are busy this afternoon.
………………………………………………………….........................
………………………………………………………….........................
6. I am happy this morning.
………………………………………………………….........................
………………………………………………………….........................
7. Asmae is in her office today.
………………………………………………………….........................
………………………………………………………….........................
8. Fouad is busy today.
………………………………………………………….........................
………………………………………………………….........................
9. Imran and Soumaya are in Fez this week.
………………………………………………………….........................
Exercise .2.
 Complete the story adding: was / were

It ………………(1) a beautiful day. The sun …………….(2) hot and the sky
………………(3) blue. James and Wendy ……………… (4) on the beach. They
……………… (5) with their three children. The children …………….. (6) in the sea.
The sea ………………… (7) a bit cold but the children ………………. (8) very
happy. There ……………… (9) lots of other children in the sea too. Some of them
…………….. (10) in the water with their parents. Wendy and James
………………… (11) on the sand and James ……………… (12) asleep with a book
on his face. But suddenly there ……………………(13) grey clouds all over the sky
and the sun………………… (14) not hot any more. The beautiful weather
…………… (15) finished and there …………(16) Wet picnics and wet people
everywhere. A British summer holiday!

100
 Exercise .3.
A. Write the questions in the correct order.

 night? / meet / Did / you / them / last / Did you meet them last night?

1. film? / like / you / Did / the / ………………………………………………..…………………..……………

2. you / many / did / ask? / How / people / ……………………………………………………………..………….…..…
3. a / have / time? / they / Did / good / …………………………………………………………..……….……..… …
4. did / weekend? / the / What / do / we / at / ……………………………………………………………..……………..…
5. she / DVD? / Where / that / did / buy / …………………………………………………………..………….……..…
6. party / on / your / go / Saturday? / he / Did / to / ……………………………………………………….……………………..…
7. did / yesterday? / Who / you / see / ……………………………………………………….……..…………..…..….
8. do / what / your / the money? / father / with / did ……………………………………………………….……..…………..…..….
9. go / when / family? / to visit / your / did / you ……………………………………………………….……..…………..…..….
10.Hasna / like to / did / school? / not / change / the ……………………………………………………….……..…………..…..….
B. Complete the sentences with the past simple.
be – got up – meet – have – go – run – drink – sleep – swim – eat

1. Yesterday I got up early, at about seven o´clock.

2. I ……………………a shower and some fruit for breakfast.
3. Then I …………………… to the sports centre.
4. I …………………… 500 meters in the swimming pool and then
5. I …………………… 5 kilometers.
6. At lunchtime I …………………… my friends in a café.
7. We …………………… some pasta and ……………………some juice.
8. After lunch I …………………… for a few hours, I……………………tired!

C. Complete the sentences with the past simple forms of the following verbs.

catch – take – throw – steal – freeze – meet – make – have – bleed – cut – go - sell

1. Ali……………………a course in English last year.

2. Mr and Mrs Smith needed some money,so they ……………………ther car.
3. George……………………his hand with a knife.It…………………… alot.
4. He…………………… the ball to Jane,and she caught it.
5. It was so cold yesterday, so the lake…………………….
6. I……………………my keys a minute age ,and now I can`’t find them.
7. She knocked on the door and…………………… in.
8. Someone …………………… my wallet, but fortunately the police…………………… him at once.
9. The exam was very diffucul, so I…………………… a lot of mistakes.
10. They…………………… in 1994 and got married in the same year.

101
 Exercise .4.
 Put the verbs between brackets in the past tense.

1. He (not/come) …………………………to the meeting on Wednesday because he was on holiday.

2. Where (you/go) …………………………for your holidays?
3. How long (it/take) ………………………… you to drive from London to Edinburgh?
4. (you/enjoy) …………………………your holiday?
5. I (see) …………………………a fantastic film at the cinema last week.
6. He (be) …………………………20 years old when he started work.
7. How old (he/be) …………………………when he started school?
8. How old (you/be) …………………………when you started school?
9. Last year I (go) ………………………… to England on holiday.
10. It (be) …………………………fantastic
11. I (visit) ……………………… lots of interesting places. I (be) …………………with two friends of mine .
12. In the mornings we (walk) ………………………… in the streets of London
13. In the evenings we (go) ………………………… to pubs
14. The weather (be) …………………………strangely fine
15. It (not / rain) ………………………… a lot
16. But we (see) ………………………… some beautiful rainbows
17. Where (spend / you) ………………………… your last holiday?
18. The window was open and a bird (fly) ………………………… into the room.
19. The hotel wasn't very expensive. It (cost) ………………………… very much
20. I was in a hurry, so I (have) ………………………… time to phone you

Exercise .5.
 Fill in the blanks with the right answer :

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
I did my homework.
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
Faysal and Layla were not at home.
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
Did we watch TV?
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. She did not catch the bird. ……………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
Salwa was with her friends. …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. They did not sing in the concert. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………….. Was she a teacher?

…………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..
I tried to know the secret. …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..

102
 Used to
Used to

It is used to say something that happened It is used to say something that was true
regularly in the past but no longer happens in the past but no longer is now.

 I used to drive my car but I take the bus  There used to be a cinema in the town but
these days. now there isn’t.
Used to ≠ didn’t use to / Did you use to …?

A. The use of “used to” or “didn’t use to” to link between these statements:
In the past Now / these days / nowadays
1. I travel a lot. 1. I don’t go to any place.
2. I don’t play the piano. 2. I play the piano very well.
3. I play tennis. 3. I don’t play tennis.
4. She doesn’t like cheese. 4. She likes cheese very much.
5. I never read newspapers. 5. I read newspapers from time to time.
6. I don’t drink coffee. 6. I drink coffee a lot.

1. I used to travel a lot but I don’t go to any place these days.

2. She didn’t use to play tennis but she plays the piano very well now.
3. ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………..………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
6. ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…………………………

B. Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form:

1. I rarely eat ice cream now but I (used to / to eat) ………………………………………...……………..it when I was a child.
2. Karima (used to / to be) …………………………………………..……..my best friend but we are not friends any longer.
3. He gave up smoking two years ago. He (used to / to smoke) ……………………………..………….40 cigarettes a day.
4. This building is now a mosque. It (used to / to be) …………………………………………………………………………a cinema.
5. I (used to/not/to write) ……………………………………..……..short stories but I am interested in writing them now.

C. Compare what Amina said five years ago and what she says today:

Example: She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
103
 Exercise .2.
A. Put the following words in order by using used to or didn't use to.

1. I/be/but now I don’t smoke. /heavy smoker

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. he/such a shy child /be.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. do/at college/ she /lots of physical exercise.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. they/eat/but now they are really healthy /lots of junk food.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. but not anymore /go to bed very late / I.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. help her at home /not / he /but now they help each other.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. they/but now they love it /like this town/not.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. but now eat meat /be/vegetarian /she.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Write questions by using used to or didn't use to.

1. What/enjoy most/you/at primary school?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Which/TV programme/you /watch most/when you were little?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Be ever/naughty? What/do you do? __
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Which/sport/she/play most at school?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What/like doing/in your free time?/you
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Be there anything / at school/ that / you / not / enjoy?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

C. Complete the sentence using the correct form of used to and one of the following verbs.
do sit play speak smoke buy have

1. He lived in Brazil until he was seven. He ……………………………… Portuguese, but he has forgotten a lot of it now.
2. We………………………………smart phones, or even internet in our houses. To go online you had to go to an
internet café or cyberspace.
3. She ……………………………… but she has given up now. She is really healthy these days.
4. We………………………………together when we were children, but I don't see them much anymore.
5. You used to live on the same road as me! I……………………………… sweets in that shop in the corner.
6. She ……………………………… any sport at all, but now she's in the basketball team and she loves it.
7. We always ……………………………… on the bridge with our legs hanging down, and throw sticks into the river.
8. I didn't recognize him because of his new beard. He ……………………………… a beard! He looks completely
different now.
104
 Punctuation

. ; , ’ ! () [] - -- : / ?
-

Question mark
Exclamation mark
Apostrophe

Parentheses

Hyphen
Semi-colon
Full stop

Brackets

Slash
Dash

Colon
Comma

Ponctuation Uses

Full stop At the end of a sentence.

To separate sentences that are grammatically independent but that have closely connected
Semi-colon meaning.

To separate three or more items; to separate adjectives that modify the same noun; between
main clauses with a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so); after
Comma introductory words or interjections; with words (However, I think, After all, etc) that
interrupt a sentence’s basic idea; at the end of a direct quotation; and after the independent
clause of a complex sentence.
To show possession; to take the place of missing letters in contractions and to form the
Apostrophe plurals of letters and numerals.

Exclamation
To show emotion, emphasis, or surprise.
mark

Parentheses To enclose information that clarifies or is used as an extra details.

Brackets are far less common than parentheses, and they are only used in special cases. They
Brackets are used exclusively within quoted material. They are used to explain or comment on the
quotation.
To join words to show that their meaning is linked in some way. With some prefixes and
Hyphen suffixes

Dash To show a pause or break in meaning in the middle of a sentence or to show an afterthought.

To introduce a list; between numbers in time; to introduce a direct speech, a quotation or

Colon an explanation; to set of information that deserves emphasis.

A slash can show a line break in poem, song, or play, usually if several short lines are being
Slash written together on one long line.

Question mark After questions.

Before and after a direct quotation or to set off words or phrases used in a special way. And
Quotation marks also before and after the names of book chapters, essays, short stories, poems, and magazines.

105
 Exercises.
A. Use appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences.

1. We had a great time in France the kids really enjoyed it

2. Some people work best in the mornings however others do better in the evenings

3. What are you doing next weekend

4. Mother had to go into hospital she had heart problems

5. Did you understand why I was upset

6. It is a fine idea let us hope that it is going to work

7. We will be arriving on Monday morning but I am not sure about it.

8. A text book can be a wall between teacher and class

9. The girl s father sat in a corner

10. In the words of Murphy s Law Anything that can go wrong will go wrong

B. Punctuate the following texts:

Answers
 Text
1. We.1. had a great time in France – the kids really enjoyed it.
2. Some people work best in the mornings; others do better in the evenings.
My heart
3. What areleaps up when
you doing nextIweekend?
behold a rainbow wrote William Wordsworth the famous poet In
4. Mother
fact most of us sharehad to gosame
the into hospital:
feelingsshe
when hadwe
heartareproblems.
lucky enough to see a rainbow
5. Did you understand why I was upset?
6. It is aisfine
There idea;saying
an old let us that
hopeathat
potitofis gold
goingistoburied
work. at the end of the rainbow but have you ever
7. We will be arriving on Monday morning – at least, I think so.
tried to8.reach a rainbows
A textbook can beend Of course
a ‘wall’ betweenit steacher
impossible because a rainbow is really just the result of
and class.
9. The
raindrops girl’s father
refracting andsat in a corner.
reflecting light from our Sun
10. In the words of Murphy’s Law: ‘Anything that can go wrong will go wrong.’
There are seven colours in the rainbow red orange yellow green blue indigo and violet.
Please share this with others if you feel it's helpful.
 Text .2.

Hi and welcome

I m Susane Susi for those who want it short I ve been living in America for about 15 months It is quite
nice to live here I m 24 and I m studying English Spanish and Didactics I also studied Geography for 3
years but I changed it as I found out that I m not the one that wants to work with numbers and
tables all the time On the contrary I prefer to work with people therefore I hope I made the right
decision Actually I am a private teacher teaching English and Maths in New York Other things I like
are sport listening to English and Spanish music meeting friends computer games fast food 
travelling and so on I m writing a book on Shakespeare and some other things And I hope to get
them all done in the near future

106
 Capitalization

Rules Examples
1. Capitalize the first word in a sentence
Another dog ran by the boy. The boy escaped quickly.
and the first word after a full stop.
2. Capitalize proper nouns and adjectives the Golden Gate Bridge.
derived from them. Oussama…
The Mediterranean Sea.
3. Capitalize geographic names.
The Atlantic Ocean…
4. Capitalize the pronoun I He asked if I wanted to go with him.
5. Capitalize the names of days and
My birthday is in September. It is next Monday.
months.
6. Capitalize the names of national, The Throne Day.
religious and local holidays. The Independence Day…
7. Capitalize proper adjectives. I chat with some English friends.
Harry Potter.
8. Capitalize words used as names.
National Anthem…
Prophet Mohamed.
9. Capitalize titles used with names.
Captain John…
10. Capitalize words in the title of a film,
“Great Expectations” is a nice novel written by Charles
book, song, magazine, newspaper, or
Dickens.
television show.
11. Capitalize the names of associations, American Red Cross.
organizations or teams. Adidas, Nike…
12. Capitalize historical events, documents The Green March.
or periods of time. Independence Day…
Amazigh.
13. For races and ethnic groups:
Arab…
14. For the first word of a complete
She was nearly hit in the head. (Of course, she never knew.)
sentence in parentheses:
15. For sacred names: The sacred book in Islam is the Holy Qur’an.
16. For directions when they are used as
Have you ever visited the Northeast?
specific geographic places.

Exercises.
A. Re-write the following sentences correctly.

1. i met john at the post office.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. susan is an old friend of mine in taza.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. chinese is a difficult language to learn.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. miss sophia is my teacher of english.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. who was the first woman to win the nobel prize for literature.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. he rules his family with a rod of iron.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. the flowers were like a carpet of gold.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
107
 8. neither jalal nor fayza was at home.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. the film “ linaroza of cries” was neither well-made nor well-acted.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. i didn’t sing because chaimae was there.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. my birthday is in june.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. i would like a book by charles dickens.
……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………….
13. does your train leave before eight o'clock?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. i like dogs, cats, horses and elephants in hill zoo.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. how do i get to the library in washington?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. my uncle drives a silver bmw.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. did she say her name was lucy or jane?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. i like to cook i like to make cake bread and pie
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. in london i meet muslims, christians and jewish people.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. my sister is called susan; she was born in may.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
21. friday is my favourite day of the week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
22. when is fouad going to play baseball.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
23. we went to new york to do some shopping.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
24. i live in john street in the north.
……………………………………………………………………

B. Capitalize the following paragraph:

my name is karima. i am from morocco and i live in fes. i live in a flat with my family. my father
is an amazigh and my mother is an arab. we have two bedrooms and a living room. also, we have a
garden and we have some flowers there. in weekdays I arrive home at five o'clock and I have lunch.
then I do my homework and go to bed. i had a computer but now it doesn't work. I have a brother
and a sister and I think I am very lucky to live with them. Sometimes our relatives visit us.
therefore, our flat becomes very crowded sometimes but I like it. my favourite hobby is travelling. i
visited different countries such as britain, america, and canada; in addition, i am interested in
computer programming.

108
 Writing : story telling and past events

Place Sequence of
events

People
involved

Expressions
Time
used to link

The main elements of the story

Common expressions to Common expressions to Commong expressons to

start the story introduce the plot of the story finish the story

 It was the worst day of

 I still remember the time  In brief, this wonderful
frustration in my life. I was
when I… experience, filled with many
frustrated by …
 I will never forget the time discoveries, changed my
 It was the most enjoyable day opinion about…
when I…
in my life. I was excited by …
 It is quite a few years ago  Finally, I can say to conclude
 This was the first opportunity
when I… that this event makes me …
to… know / experience /
 Once upon a time, I…  Ultimately, by the end of
understand that …
 One day, when I was a these events, I strongly
 Gradually, I began to feel… started to believe that …
child, I…
happy / sad/nervous …
 All of a sudden, something
strange happened. I…
 For a moment, … I couldn’t
even breathe / I was feeling
quite down / I become
nervous …

109
 Story-telling
 Choose one of the following topics and write your own story depending on
your imagination.
1

There is a forsaken house in your

neighborhood. Nobody lives in this house
but every night you hear strange sounds
coming out of this house. People say that it
is haunted by ghosts.

 You narrate what happened when

you went to discover what was going
on in this house.

Your teacher gave you homework but you

didn’t prepare it. The teacher will call your
parents if you don’t show him your
homework. You set a bird free in the
classroom to make your teacher busy.

 You narrate what happened before

and after you set the bird free in the
classroom.

3
Your father treats his father cruelly. He took
him to the elderly house. You are sad for your
grandfather and you want to make your
father realizes his mistake. You make him feel
as if you start building a shelter in the garden
next to the doghouse where you are going to
put him when he becomes old and weak as
his father.

 You narrate how this took place and

the way your father changed after he
was shocked by your behavior.

110
 Unit 8
Science and Technology

We live in a truly remarkable time. On the one hand, everywhere we are

confronted with evidence suggesting that an age of scientific miracles has arrived.
Man has walked upon the moon and returned, he has deciphered the genetic
Code, organ transplants and complex surgery of every description are routinely
Performed, the energy of the atom has been controlled, radio telescopes sound
the dark secret regions of the universe, the nature of the Earth’s interior and of
distant stars are known to a degree that was undreamed of only a few years ago.
The magnitude of these and other scientific accomplishment is immense, but this
does not mean that no unknowns remain, or that there exist no frontiers of knowledge yet to be crossed. It is
quite clear; however, that science has progressed sufficiently far to permit discrimination between the true
and the untrue, the possible and the impossible, and the unknown and the obviously improbable. On the
other hand, the most remarkable aspect of our age is the parallel coexistence of supremely complex scientific
knowledge and widespread beliefs of this sort. The ancient belief in witches and sorcerers persists and
flourishes today even in our modern cities. Astrological columns in newspapers and magazines are avidly
consulted daily by millions of otherwise rational persons who wish to know “what the stars have ordained”.
In spite of the enormous advance in medical knowledge, there is still common belief in the ability of
numerous “healers” to effective miraculous cures. Innumerable books of “science fantasy” are published and
become bestsellers. Countless films of this kind are produced. Magicians, mediums, people endowed with
extraordinary powers…abound and their performances are readily accepted by many people. Ultimately,
this situation certainly gives serious cause for worry. For even the more advanced society must depend finally
on the ability of its members to make rational choices between conflicting alternatives. The survival of our
society would be a bit more certain if the division between scientists and their non-professional colleagues
were bridged.

Comprehension:

A. Are these sentences true or false? Justify.

1. Nothing is left to discover in our age.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
2. Believing in the power of magic and witches is something new.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
3. People of the present time don’t trust witches or sorcerers in their ability to cure their ailments.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
4. The increasing number of people who believe in the power of witches and magic is alarming.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
5. The writer is biased because he prefers superstition to science in cures.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….

B. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

Who: ....................................... Their: .......................................... Its: ..........................................

111
 L. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Fear 7 Survey 1
a Empower g Freedom
……. 7 …….
2 Leisure 8 Spread 2 ……. 8 ……. b Pray h Surroundings
3 Cautious 9 Dilemma 3 ……. 9 ……. c Illness i Free time
4 Disease 10 Suburbs 4 ……. 10 ……. d Phenomenon j Risky
5 Reinforce 11 Worship 5 ……. 11 ……. e Research k Dissemination
6 Liberty 12 Hazardous 6 ……. 12 ……. f Attentive l Phobia

M. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Suspicious 7 Bent a Random g Uncountable
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Dependent 8 Inside 2 ……. 8 ……. b Light h Outside
3 Countable 9 Negotiate 3 ……. 9 ……. c Trustworthy i Look after
4 Reasonable 10 Neglect 4 ……. 10 ……. d Sincere j Straight
5 Attach 11 Cunning 5 ……. 11 ……. e Fight k Stumble
6 Darkness 12 Boost 6 ……. 12 ……. f Decompose l Independent

N. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

Fabulous – find – drum – pollution – dinner – vegetables - opinion

1. ………………………………………is a dangerous trouble which threatens life these days.

2. I like the sound of ……………………………………….
3. Salma frequently …………………………………….her mobile phone blocked.
4. I like to have ………………………………….early at night.
5. She did …………………………………………work in her company.
6. Eating ………………………………………..is good for health.
7. In my ……………………………………….smoking is slow death.
O. Put these words in the right place.

Television – washing machine – microwave oven – printer – CD – mobile phone – camera – car – plane – helicopter –
van – minivan – microphone – computer - calculator – bicycle – motorcycle – robot – USB device - ship

112
 Reflexive pronouns

Personal pronouns Reflexive pronouns

I Myself When I look in my mirror, I see myself.
You Yourself You see yourself when you look in your mirror
singular

He Himself Hamid was sitting by himself.

She Herself She bought a present for herself
It Itself The machine will turn off by itself.
We Ourselves We painted our house by ourselves.
plural

You Yourselves You should push yourselves to work harder.

They Themselves They injured themselves during the rugby match

Uses

Direct object Indirect object Object of preposition Emphasis

 I see myself in the  She sent herself a  They had to cook for  I myself saw the king
mirror. copy of the test. themselves. in Fez.

Exercises.
A. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the correct reflexive
pronoun.

Look! I draw a We are cold so The monkey is Watch out! Taha fell down Salma teaches
picture of we warm looking at You will hurt and hurt …………………how
……………………… …………………………
B. Look at the ………………………
pictures and complete ……………………
the sentences with the ……………………… topronoun.
correct reflexive ride a bike.

He lift the Fouad thinks of Mery………………… The king She takes Students study
box by the exercise …… feeds the …………………… care of at school for
……………………… ………………………… baby. inaugurates ……………………… …………………………
the project.
113
D. Fill each gap with the correct reflexive
B. Complete the sentences with by and a
pronoun.
reflexive pronoun.

1. Laila is making …………………… a new dress. (Remember that by with a reflexive pronoun shows
2. Did you enjoy …………………… at the party? that someone did something without anyone’s help.)
3. I like to look at …………………… in the mirror when I
try new clothes.
1. Lamiae learned how to ride a bike ………………………
4. The cat locked …………………… in the closet.
2. Samia carried all the books …………………………
5. Kamal was drying …………………… with a towel.
6. Can you all see ………………… in the picture. 3. My parents let me go on a trip ………………………
7. Don’t bother ……………………… I’ll help …………………… 4. Jihan! You have to clean all this mess …………………
to the door.
5. My little sister can’t dress up ……………………………….
8. Be careful when holding the knife or you’ll hurt
………………………. She needs help.
9. We were enjoying ……………………… in the trip to the 6. Jamal and Jawad fixed their bike …………………………
mountains.
7. She prepared everything for the party all …………
10.People should always behave ……………………
especially when in public places. ………………………

11.Fayza always asks …………………… why English is so

C. Complete these sentences using reflexive
active.
pronouns:
12.I consider …………………… to be an intelligent
person. teach cut lock take care of
13.The computer will reboot …………………… after the burn talk to blame kick

program installation.
14.Jalal and Badr drive …………………… to work every 1. Chakib ………………………………………while he was
day. They don't take the bus. shaving this morning.
15.Mounia cleans her room by ……………………. She
2. Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don't ……………
never asks for help.
…………………………….
16.We are going to repair our house by ……………….
17.You and your co-worker must finish on this project 3. They couldn't get back into the house. They had
……………………. ………………………………………out.
18.It is exciting for one to see ………………..……… on 4. It isn't her fault. She really shouldn't………………… .
television.
5. What a stupid fool I am! I could …………………………
19.I can’t believe it! The Prime Minister ……………………
answered the phone. 6. I'm trying to …………………………………..Spanish but
20.We enjoyed …………………… at the seaside. I'm not making much progress.
21.I will finish these questions by ……………………. 7. He spends most of his time alone, so it's not
22.Samir saw a reflection of ………………… in the mirror. surprising that he………………………………………….. .
23.Rita thought about killing ……………………, but she 8. Don't worry about us. We can……………………………
realized it was wrong.
24.I …………………… will fax the report.
25.The man on the news accidentally shot ………………
in the foot.
26.He drove …………………… to the airport yesterday.
27.She lives in that big, old house by …………………….

114
 Past continuous

Now
Past Future

Uses

To describe a series To talk about the

To talk about an To talk about of paralleled repetition of an
Interrupted Action Specific Time as an action or event
actions or the
in the Past Interruption which causes
atmosphere irritation

 I was watching TV  Last night at 6 PM,  I was studying while he was  She was always
when she called. I was eating dinner. making dinner. coming late to the
 When I entered, several classroom.
people were typing, some were
talking on the phones, the
boss was yelling directions….

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I was playing football I was not playing football Was I playing football ?

You were listening to music. You were not listening to music. Were you listening to music?
Singular

She was reading a book. She was not reading a book. Was she reading a book?

He was watching TV. He was not watching TV. Was he watching TV ?

It was moving quickly. It was not moving quickly. Was it moving quickly?

We were having dinner. We were not having dinner. Were we having dinner ?
Plural

You were doing homework. You were not doing homework. Were you doing homework ?

They were crossing the road. They were not crossing the road. Were they crossing the road?

Exercise .1.
 Put the verbs in the past progressive.

1. When I phoned Jalal, he ………………..…………………..…………(play) football.

2. Yesterday at eight I ……………………………….……..…………(prepare) dinner with my mother.
3. They …………………………………..…….(sit) in the garden when the sky started to rain.
4. I …………………………….…….…..(play) the guitar when my father came home.
5. We ………………….……………….……..(not / sleep) all day.
6. While Aya………………………………. (work) in her room, I ………….………………………..……(swim) in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the reality but they ……………………………………………….(not / listen ).
8. What …………………………..….………(you / do) yesterday?
9. I ……………………………..…....(listen) to the radio while my sister …………….……………..…………(watch) TV.
10. When I arrived, The kids …………………………………..…………….…(play) cards.
11. We ……………………….…………....…(study) English yesterday at 7 p.m.

115
 Exercise .2.
 Describe the following pictures as suggested..

20. Surf. 19. Play. 18. Tease. 17. Blame.

She is surfing the net. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

23. Fight. 22. Think. 21. Feed. 24. Eat.

……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

26. Plant. 25. Cycle. 28. Dance. 27. Drive.

……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

31. Interview. 30. Shake hands. 29. Warn. 32. Sew.

……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………….. …………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………..

116
 Exercise .3.
A. Look at the picture and write sentences in the past continuous.

1. (Have dinner) 1. She wasn’t having dinner.

2. (Read a book.) 2. …………………………………………………

3. (Watch TV) 3. ……………………………………………….

4. (Sit on the chair.) 4. ……………………………………………….

5. (Sit alone.) 5. ………………………………………………

6. (Drink coffee.) 6. ……………………………………………….

7. (Wear a hat.) 7. ……………………………………………….

8. (Read at home.) 8. ………………………………………………

B. Write the following sentences in the present continuous.

1. ( I / sleep / at 3 p.m. )…………………….…………………………………………………………………

2. ( it / snow )………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ( study / you / last night )…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ( He / tennis / play )……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ( My mother / lunch / cook )…………………………………………………………………………………….
6. ( I / coffee / not drink / when she came )………………………………………………………………………
7. ( bark / The dogs / outside )…………………………………………………………………………………..
8. ( the sun / shine )………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. ( I / not wear / shoes )……………………………………………………………………………………….
10. ( Zineb / read / newspapers )…………………………………………………………………………………

C. Re-write the following sentences in the past continuous.

1. Yesterday / Hicham and Farid play football / At 5 p.m.

2. I got home/ the children do their homework/when
3. Last night / they sing / she dance / while

Affirmative Negative Question

1)……………………………………………… ………………………………………….……… …………………………………………….……
…………………………………….…………… ………………………………………….……… …………………………………………….……
………………………………………....……… ……..…………………………………………… ……..…………………………………..………
2)…………………………………….………… …………………………………………………. …….………………………………………......
…………………………………………….…… …………………………………………………. ……………………………………………..……
…………………………………………...…… ……..…………………………………..……… ……..……………………………………..……
3)………………………………………………. …………………………………………..……… …………………………………….……………
……………………………………………..…… …………………………………………..……… ……………………………………….…………
…………………………………………….…… ……..…………………………………………… ……..…………………………………..………
117
 Exercise .4.
A. Write questions from these words below and using was or were :
1. ( Work / Fayza / today / ?)
 Was Fayza working today?

2. ( what / doing / the children / ? )

……………………………………………………………….…………………………………
3. ( you / listen / to me / ? )
………………………………………………………………….………………………………
4. ( where / go / your friends / ? )
…………………………………………………………….……………………………..……
5. ( your parents / television / watch / ? )
……………………………………………………………………………………………..….
6. ( what / cook / Awisha / for dinner / ? )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. ( why / you / look / at me / ? )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…
8. ( go / the bus / where /? )
………………………… ………………………………………………………………………..

B. Put the verb between brackets in the simple past or past continuous.

1. At 7 o'clock yesterday morning, I ………………………………………..(have) breakfast.

2. Mohsine ………………………………..……(phone) while we were watching a football match.
3. He ……………………………………(want) to tell me that he would better go to the cinema.
4. When we were all watching television, he ………………………….………….(do) his homework.
5. I …………………………………….…..(explain) the exercise to him when Liverpool scored a splendid goal.
6. I …………………………………………..(not see) the accident because I was at home.
7. 'What …………………………………………..(you / do) when they scored ? ‘ My father asked.
8. Why ………………….………………….(you / not / watch) TV?
9. What …………………………………….…….(you / do) when I …………………………….…………(call) yesterday?
10. We …………………………………………(play) basketball when Samir ……………………..……………….(hurt) his leg.
11. He ……………………………………….(live) in Zagora when the resistant ………………………………………….(start).
12. She ……………………..….(be) very disturbing. She ……………………..……………(always leave) her things everywhere.
13. I ……………………………………..(have) dinner when I suddenly …………………………………………(hear) a loud bang.
14. When I……………..……………..……. (work) in the garden, Khalid ……………..………………….……..(pass) by to see me.
15. She …………………………………..(go) to school, (take) out her textbook and ………………..………………(begin) to learn.
16. When it ……………………………………….(start) to rain, our dog ………………………………………(want) to come inside.
17. When Aya ……………………………….(do) a language course in Fez, she ……………….…..………(visit) Najjarin museum.
18. When I ……………………………………(be) on my way home, I ………………..………………………(see) an accident.
19. I ……………………………………….(not / understand) what they …………………..……………………(talk) about.
20. I ……………………………………(call) you last night after dinner, but you ………………………………….(be, not) there.
Where ……………………………………………(you / be ) ?
118
 Singular and Plural form

us --> i ix --> ices

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
focus foci / focuses appendix appendices
fungus fungi / funguses index indeces/indexes
nucleus nuclei matrix matrices/matrixes
radius radii
f / fe --> ves
stimulus stimuli
SINGULAR PLURAL
wife wives
is --> es thief thieves
SINGULAR PLURAL
scarf scarves
axis axes
analysis analyses Y --> ies / s

basis bases -y SINGULAR PLURAL

crisis crises story stories

consonant-Y
diagnosis diagnoses spy spies
hypothesis hypotheses day days
vowel-Y
oasis oases toy toys
paralysis paralyses
parenthesis parentheses S / sh / ch / ss --> +es
synopsis synopses SINGULAR PLURAL

thesis theses class classes

wish wishes
watch watches
um / on --> a
bus buses
SINGULAR PLURAL
bacterium bacteria Change the form
corpus corpora SINGULAR PLURAL
criterion criteria woman women
curriculum curricula child children
datum data man men
medium media louse lice
phenomenon phenomena
mouse mice

NO change
homework advice music shears
deer species water work
Fish (food) lettuce headquarters furniture
means cattle statistics rain
offspring traffic news air
series snow clothes equipment
sheep money wind jewelry

119
 Exercises .1.

 Make the plural form.

3. One hat Two………….. 2. One witch Two………… 1. One fly Two…………

4. One tomato Two……….… 5. One brush Two…..……… 6. One bird Two…..………

7. One glass Two…..……… 8. One spy Two…..……… 9. One rabbit Two…..………

10. One fox Two…..……… 11. One ostrich Two……...… 12. One toy Two…..………

14. One tomato Two…....…… 13. One brush Two…..……… 15. One bag Two…..………

16. One peach Two…..……… 17. One dish Two…..……… 18. One tree Two…..………

21. One boy Two…..……… 20. One girl Two…..……… 19. One child Two…..………

23. One foot Two…..……… 24. One tooth Two…..……… 22. One goose Two…..………

25. One mouse Two…..……… 27. One fish Two…..……… 26. One sheep Two…..………

120
Exercises .2.

A. Complete the list by using these nouns and pictures.

2 3 4
1

5
8
6 7

9 12
10 11

7. Three bananas. 1. …………………………………………………….

8. ……………………………………………………… 2. ………………………………………………………
9. …………………………………..………………… 3. …………………………………..…………………
10. ……………………………………………………… 4. ………………………………………………………
11. ……………………………………………………… 5. ………………………………………………………
12. ……………………………………………………… 6. ………………………………………………………

B. Fill in the blanks as suggested.

The noun Singular Plural Invariable The required counterpart

picture pictures Add (s)

doors
wolves
donkey
church
juries
blackboards
video
butterfly
lettuce
bonus
students
music

121
Exercises .3.

 Put a circle on the right answer.

1. The glass / glasses is full. 7. I see two box / boxes.

2. His tooth / teeth are yellow. 8. I have three dictionary / dictionaries at home.

3. My brother / brothers is short. 9. She is my friend / friends at school.

4. He is a child / children. 10. Where are my key / keys?

5. Four woman / women are in the shop. 11. Morocco has beautiful city / cities.

6. I have one apple / apples. 12. Don’t ask a lot of question / questions.

Exercises .4.

 Complete the sentences. Use the plural form of the words in the lists.

Cowboy dictionary party country baby boy city key tray lady

1. Mr. and Mrs. Parker have one daughter and two sons. They have one girl and two boys.
2. The students in my class come from many …………………………………………..
3. Women give birth to ………………………………………..
4. My money and my…………………………………………… are in my pocket.
5. I know the names of many …………………………………….in the United States and Canada.
6. I like to go to ………………………………………………..because I like to meet and talk to people.
7. People carry their food on ………………………………………………at a cafeteria.
8. We always use our ……………………………………………….when we write compositions
9. Good evening, ……………………………………….and gentlemen.
10. ……………………………………….. ride horses.

Exercises .5.

Bush dish glass class match potato sandwich sex tax tomato zoo

1. Bob drinks eight …………………………………………… of water every day.

2. There are two ……………………………..: male and female.
3. Please put the ……………………………………………and the silverware on the table.
4. All citizens pay money to the government every year. They pay their …………………………
5. I can see trees and ………………………………………..outside the window.
6. I want to light the candles. I need some…………………………………………
7. When I make a salad, I use lettuce and ……………………………………….
8. Sometimes Sue has a hamburger and French-fried……………………………………... for dinner.
9. Some animals live all of their lives in …………………………………………
10. Mehmet is a student. He likes his …………………………………….
11. We often eat ………………………………………..for lunch.

122
 Writing: Letter

 The form of a letter:

Personal letter Formal letter

Write your Write your

address address
Date Date

Write address of receiver

Express your greeting,

Express your greeting,

introduce the introduce the

topic and give topic and give
details details

Express your wish Express your wish

Signature
Your name
Your name

123
  street address (house/building
number + street name)
 city/town/locality+ postal code.
 country name.

Month day, year.

 Title / post office / Company

 Street address
 city/town/locality+ postal code.
 country name.

 Dear …
 Soulaymane, Houda…
 sir or madam…president or director…..
Mr - for a male
Mrs - for a married female
Miss - for an unmarried female
Ms - for a female whose status is unknown
or would prefer to remain anonymous

I am writing this letter in order to ………………………………………………………………………

Apply for a job….
Complain about….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Apologize for …..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Invite you to…….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ask for ……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ask about ……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

All the best.

Yours sincerely.
Yours faithfully.
My best wishes.
So long.

Signature

Name of writer

124
 A. Write a letter to a given company in your city to apply for a job.

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
125
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
B. Write a letter to your friend asking for his advice about your problem.

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………….

126
 Unit 9
Environment and Ecology

Prosperity has created a huge waste disposal problem. To make our life
easier, we buy. We buy books and magazines to read about the world. We buy
food to satisfy our appetite. But, buy doing so; we create a huge problem of waste.
Where does all this garbage go?

People all over the world have acquired harmful buying habits. For instance,
to save labour they buy domestic gadgets: refrigerators, microwaves, vacuum
cleaners, washing machines and others, and to save time, they eat both instant and
fast food. The popularity of disposable products is increasing, sooner or later,
most things that we bring into our homes end up as garbage. The result is an
extraordinary amount of waste.

In general, developed countries produce more waste than developing ones, according to various
surveys, the amount of waste in a particular country is mostly influenced buy its standard of living. In
other words, the more we buy, the more we throw away; the surveys also revealed that in developing
countries, the waste level in large cities is significantly higher than in rural areas.

The increase in rubbish harms the environment in many ways. Forests are cut down to make
throwaway cardboard and furniture which end up spoiling the countryside and rivers. Burning plastic
gives off toxic gases which spoil the air.

Clearly, we must soon change our buying habits and way of thinking. If we don’t, the expanding
problems of waste disposal and environment degradation will do it for us and by then it may be too late.

Comprehension

A. Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. Why do we buy books?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How do developed countries cope with waste?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How do we create waste?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Does the increase of trash harm the environment?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. How do we save time?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What does the author suggest we should do?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

They: ……………………….. Its: …………………………… Which: …………………………

127
 P. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Boredom 7 Taboo 1
a Lost g Famine
……. 7 …….
2 Selfishness 8 Farmer 2 ……. 8 ……. b Shy h Purity
3 Drought 9 Timid 3 ……. 9 ……. c Diagnose i Participation
4 Missing 10 Contribution 4 ……. 10 ……. d Dishonesty j Monotony
5 Suitable 11 Chastity 5 ……. 11 ……. e Peasant k Prohibition
6 Prescription 12 Corruption 6 ……. 12 ……. f Egoism l Pertinent

Q. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Useful 7 Revenge a Success g Hatred
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Hopeless 8 Appropriate 2 ……. 8 ……. b Injustice h Misunderstanding
3 Failure 9 Understanding 3 ……. 9 ……. c Cheerful i Tolerance
4 Vulnerable 10 Peace 4 ……. 10 ……. d Useless j Secured
5 Justice 11 Disgusting 5 ……. 11 ……. e Submission k Inappropriate
6 Love 12 Resistance 6 ……. 12 ……. f War l Hopeful

R. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

Checkup – company – insurance – recommend – team – weather - recycle

1. There are still many people in need of health …………………………………..

2. We should ………………………………….garbage to stop pollution.
3. Nike is an international ………………………………………
4. I need a ……………………………….. to know my illness.
5. Rajae is an international football ………………………………..
6. We will go to Rabat if the …………………………………..is good.
S. Put these words in the right place.
Pollution – sewage – waterfall – river – sea – cutting trees – plantation – drought – forest – well – recycling – wastes –
burning forests – earth – moon – buildings – flood – earthquake – volcano – sun – plough

128
 Present Perfect

Now
Past Future
Uses

The Present Perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past.
It puts emphasis on the result.

To talk about an To talk about an

To put emphasis To talk about an To talk about
action that action that has
on the result of action that finished action
stopped or taken place once,
an action started started in the that has an
finished at the never or several
in the past past and it is still influence on the
time of speaking times before the
going on present
or recently moment of speaking

 She has written  School has not  I have just  I have lost my key. I  I have never
five letters. started yet. finished my can’t open the door. been to America.
homework

Exercise .1.
A. Put the verbs between brackets in the present perfect.

1. We………………….……………(to wait) for you. 7. They ………………………………(to run) a race.

2. They …………………………..(to plan) a trip. 8. I …………………….……..….(to set a table)

3. She ……………..…………..…(to speak) to everyone. 9. She………………………….(to demand) a pizza.

4. He …………………..…….…(to explain) the problem. 10. He …………………..……..…….(not read) a book.

5. You …………….………..…….(to apply) for the job. 11. You …………………...…………(not write) a letter.

6. It ……………………….……(to clean) the room. 12. You ………………………………(not buy) presents

13.
B. Re-write the following sentences in the present perfect.

1. (I / study / English) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. (She / eat / couscous) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. (go / my classmates / to Dakhla) ………………………………………………….………………………………………
4. (We / this short story / read) ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. (have / breakfast with my parents / I ) ……………………………………………………………………………………
6. (We / not / go / to Meknes) ……………………………………………………………...…………………………………
7. (Kamal / not / meet / his friend) …………………………………………………..………………………………………
8. (not / leave / Aya / her phone in a taxi) ……………………………………..……………………………………………
9. (make / my sister / not / lunch) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. (They / go / to Ifran / ? )………………………………………………………………………………..……………………
11. (Loubna / be / late for a meeting / ? )……………………………………………………..…………………………………
12. (go / you / to Midelt / ? )………………………………………………………………………………...……………………
13. (They / take / ? / the exam) …………………………………………………………………………..………………………
14. (How long / live in London / ? / she )………………………………………………………...………………………………
15. (How much coffee / ? / you / drink today)………………………………………………..…………………………………

129
 C. Fill in the blanks as suggested.

Simple past Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous

I / speak I spoke I have spoken I have been speaking

You / write …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

He / do …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

She / swim …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

It / live …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

We / talk …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

You / sell …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

They / change …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

Kamal / study …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

Children /play …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

Souad / chat …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

The cat / eat …………………………………… ……………………………………..………… ……………………………………..…………

D. Give the right answer in the present perfect as suggested.

1. She is in hospital, isn’t she ? Yes, she has been in hospital since Tuesday.
2. Do you see Amine very often? No, I haven’t seen him for long.
3. Is Mina married? Yes, She ………………………….…..…………married for ten years.
4. Are you waiting for me ? Yes, I ………………………………..………….for the last half hour.
5. You know Laila, don’t you? Yes, we ……………………….……………..each other for a long time.
6. D you still play handball? No, I ………………………………….………handball for years.
7. Is Jalal watching TV? Yes, he …………………………………………..…..….TV all evening.
8. Do you watch TV a lot? No, I …………………………………………………TV for ages.
9. Have you got a headache? Yes, I ……………………………….………..a headache all morning.
10. He is never ill, is he? No, he ……………………………….………..ill since I have known him.
11. Are you feeling tired? Yes, I …………………………………..…………….ill all day.
12. She lives in Taza, doesn’t she? Yes, she ………………….…………….in London for the last few years.
13. Do you go shopping a lot? No, I …………………………………………………to the cinema for ages.
14. Did you visit New York? No, I ……………………………….………………… there.
15. Have you finished your work? No, I ………………………………………………………yet.
16. It is raining, isn’t it? Yes, it ……………………………………………….since lunchtime.
17. Do you often have breakfast in the cafe? No, I ………………………….………..breakfast in the café for months.
18. Did you eat something? No, I ……………………………….……………anything today.
19. Did you finish your homework? No, I ………………….…………………………..yet.

130
 Exercise .2.

A. Are the underlined parts of these sentences true or false? Correct the mistakes.

1. It has stopped raining for a while, but now it is raining again. False: stopped……………………
2. The town is very different now. It has changed a lot. True…………………….…………
3. Do you know about Faysal? He has given up his job. …………….………………………
4. My mother has grown up in Fez. ……………………………………
5. Ow! I have cut my finger. It is bleeding. ……………………………………
6. Taking drugs has become a big problem everywhere. ……………………………………
7. The Chinese have invented paper. ……………………………………
8. Where have you been born? ……………………………………
9. Mary is not at home; she has gone shopping. ……………………………………
10. Albert Einstein has been the scientist who has developed ……………………………………
the theory of relativity

B. Put the verbs between brackets in the present perfect using: just – already - yet
1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says “would you like something to eat?”
You say: No thanks…………………………..………………………(have/lunch)
2. Jamal goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says “can I speak to Jamal?”
You say: I’m afraid………………………………………………(go out)
3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thought that you have finished and starts to take your plate away.
You say: wait a minute! .............................................................................. (not/finish)
4. You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says: “shall I phone to
reserve a table?”
You say: No, ………………………………………………. (do) this.
5. You know that a friend of you is looking for a job. And now you know that there is a job opportunity somewhere.
Ask her if she found a job:………………………..……………………… ……………(find).

C. Complete these sentences with the verb given. Choose the present perfect or past simple.
1. According to yesterday's newspapers, an astronomers in Australia………………………………… (discover) a planet
in a galaxy close to our own.
2. To help today's customers make a choice, a company in New York …………………………….(develop) a video screen
to display advertisements and price information.
3. Since the eruption , all the villages on the slopes of the volcano ………………….…………..(be) evacuated.
4. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I ………………………………….(see, never) that movie.
5. Sihame …………………………(arrive) in Agadir a week ago.
6. He is a fantastic writer. He ………………………….….(write) very creative short stories in the last years.
7. I ………………………..….….(have, not) this much fun since I ………………..……….……(be) a kid.
8. I ……………………………..(tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he…………………… (wander) off
into the forest and ………………………………(be) bitten by a snake.
9. Listen Donya, I don't care if you………………………….…. (miss) the bus this morning. You ……………………….
(always be) late to work too many times. You are fired!
10. Sanae is from Oujda, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he …………………………. (see, never) the ocean.

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11. The children………………………………. (drink) all the orange juice! We'll need to get some more.
12. Junko …………………………………(never eat) bacon in her life! She's a true vegetarian.
13. I …………………………………… (wear) these boots to go hiking yesterday.
14. We ………………………………….. (own) this TV set since 1968, and it still works!
15. He ………………………………… (cry) when his girlfriend left him, but he's OK now.
16. Last week I ………………………..…..(be) very busy and I ……………………….(have not) the time to do the household.
17. I ……………………………..(work) three hours overtime yesterday and ………………………….…(come) home very late.
18. From Tuesday to Thursday I ………………….……………. (be) on a business trip.
19. On Friday I …………………………….…. (go) to a friend's birthday party and at the weekend I …………………..…….….
(visit) my parents.
20. Tomorrow some friends are coming over. I ………………………………….. (see / not) them for ages and they
…………………………………….…. (be / never) at my place before.
21. In the last hundred years, traveling ……………………………..(become) much easier and very comfortable. In the
19th century, it ………………………(take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The
trip ……………………………(be) very rough and often dangerous. Things ……………………………. (change) a
great deal in the last few years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

D. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive).

a. You ……………………………………. (eat / not) up yet.

b. He …………………………………….……(speak / not) on the phone for half an hour.
c. They…………………………………………. (work / not) since 5 o'clock. They …………………..…………
(just start) an hour ago.
d. We …………………………………..……(know / not) them for a long time.
e. She……………………………………………… (hang / not) up all the pictures yet.
f. _____________________________________Dialogue:__________________________________________

1. A:……………………………………..(you / find) a box with old photos there?

B: I ……………………………..(look) for it for ages.
2. A: I ………………………………………….(discover / not) it yet, but I …………………………………….(work / not)
for a long time yet. I…………………………………. (come / just) in to eat something.
B: I ………………………………………..(cook / not) anything yet because I …………………………………(talk) to
our neighbour.
3. A:………………………………………. (you / take) the dog for a walk yet?
B: I …………………………………………(work) all day. I ……………………………………….(come / just) home
from work and I ………………………………………(have / not) the time yet to walk the dog.
4. A: How long ……………………………………(the dog / be) home alone?
B: For about 6 hours.
5. A: You ………………………….(walk / not) the dog for a long time. Don't you want to go?
B: Well, I ………………………………(laze / not) about all day either, you know. I have a very important meeting
tomorrow and I still ………………………………….(finish / not) my presentation.
6. A: Okay, I will go then.

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 Conditional sentence

If-clause Then-clause
If I work hard, I will succeed
Condition Result

If-then sentence

Type 0 Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

 It is used for real situations  It is used for possible  It is used for imaginary  It is used for imaginary
in every time. It is also used situations in the future. situations in the present or situations in the past.
to give instructions. the future.

 The condition is a common  The condition is expected to  The condition is unexpected  The condition is impossible
fact or habit. be fulfilled. to be fulfilled. to be fulfilled.

If you heat ice, it melts. If I need you, I will call If I were a bird, I would If I had known her, I
you. fly. would have talked to
her.

If + S + V(past perfect) +..., S + would + have + V(past participle) +…

If + S + V(s.present) + … , S + V(s.present) + …

If + S + V(s.past) + ..., S + would + V(infinitive) + ...

If + S + V(s.present) +…, S + V(s.future) + ...

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Exercise .1.
 Complete the conditional sentences by using Type 1.

1. The table will break if you (sit) ……………..…………on it.

2. If he (eat) ……………..…………all that, he will be ill.
3. If I find your passport, I (telephone) ……………..………………… you.
4. The police (arrest) ……………..………… him, if they catch him.
5. If he (read) ……………..………… in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.
6. Someone (steal) ……………..………… your car if you leave it unlocked.
7. What will happen if my parachute (not /open) ………………………...…………?
8. If he (wash) ……………..…………my car, I'll give him $10.
9. If she (need) ……………..…………a radio, she can borrow mine.
10. If he (be) ……………..…………late, we'll go without him.
11. If you (not go) ……………..………… away, I'll call the police.
12. I'll be very angry if he (make) ……………..………… any more mistakes.
13. If you (wash) ……………..…………the dishes, I (cook) ……………..…………dinner tonight
14. If my dad (have) ……………..………… time next week, we (paint) ……………..………… my room.
15. You (learn) ……………..………… a lot about American history if you (visit) ……………..………… the exhibition.
16. If the weather (be / not) ……………..………… too bad tomorrow, we (play) ……………..………… golf.
17. We (get / not) ……………..…………there on time if we (catch / not) ……………..………… the bus.
18. If John (have) ……………..………… the money, he (buy) ……………..………… a Ferrari.
19. If I (find) ……………..………… her address, I (send) ……………..………… her an invitation.
20. If I (see / not) ……………..…………him this afternoon, I (phone) ……………..…………him in the evening.

Exercise .2.
 Complete the conditional sentences by using Type 0 or Type 1.

1. She (be) ……………..………… absolutely furious if she (hear) ……………..………… about this.
2. If you (put on) ……………..………… the kettle, I (make) ……………..………… some tea.
3. If you (give) ……………..………… my dog a bone, he (bury) ……………..………… it.
4. If it (rain) ……………..…………, the grass (get) ……………..…………wet.
5. Plants (die) ……………..………… if they (not / get) ……………..………… enough water.
6. If we (leave) ……………..…………the car here, it (not / be) ……………..………… in anybody's way.
7. If you (mix) ……………..…………red and blue, you (get) ……………..…………purple.
8. He (be) ……………..………… late for the train if he (not / go) ………………..…………now.
9. If you( come) ……………..………… late, they (not / let) ……………..…………you in.
10. If my husband (have) ……………..…………a cold, I usually (catch) ……………..………… it.
11. If he (go) ……………..………… on telling lies, nobody (believe) ……………..………… a word he says.
12. If you (heat) ……………..………… ice, it (melt) ……………..………….
13. If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
14. If public transport (be) ……………..…………efficient, people (stop) ……………..…………using their cars.
134
 Relative Clause

The woman who lives next door is a doctor

Relative clause

Who Which That Whom Whose When Where

Someone something Someone Someone Possession Time Place

(it plays the or (it plays the
something role of object
role of subject
pronouns me,
pronouns I, he,
him, her…)
she, ...)

A. Explain what these words mean. Then, choose the right meaning from the list and write a
sentence with who.
- he/she steals from a store - he/she doesn't eat meat
- he/she designs Buildings - he/she breaks into a house and steals things
- he/she fills prescriptions for medicine - he/she buys something from a store
1) (an architect) ……an architect is someone who designs buildings.…………………..
2) (a burglar) ………………………………………...……………………………………….
3) (a vegetarian) ………………………………………………………………………………….
4) (a customer) ………………………………………………………………………………….
5) (a shoplifter) ………………………………………………………………………………….
6) (a pharmacist) ………………………………………………………………………………….
B. Complete these sentences with the suitable relative clause.
1. The man ……………………….……robbed the bank had two pistols.
2. This is the bank ………………………….. I was robbed yesterday.
3. A boy, …………………………..sister is in my class, was in the bank at that time.
4. He wore a mask ……………………..……made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. This is the school ………………………I study English: its name is “DREAM SCHOOL”.
6. He came with a friend ………………………….waited outside in the car.
7. The woman………………………..…… gave him the money was young.
8. The bag………………………..… contained the money was yellow.
9. This is the hotel ………………………...we stayed last holiday.
10. The people ……………………..……were in the bank were very frightened.
11. A man ………………………………...mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
12. A woman …………………….……..daughter was crying tried to calm her.
13. The car …………………..……….the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
14. The robber ………………..………..mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
15. The man……………………..….. drove the car was nervous.
16.He didn't wait at the traffic lights……………………..…… were red.
17. That is the man……………………..helped me when I fell down in the street.
18. Is that your car? No, mine is the one……………………. is parked just opposite the bank.
19. That is the woman………………..……..complained about the room service.
20. This is the park…………………………we first met. Do you remember?
21. So, James is the man………………….……son came on the school trip with us? I din't know.
22. If you have any question, ask the girl………………….. is standing at the desk. She'll help you.
23. They had to put away the dog…………………………. bit the boy. It was too dangerous.
24. I'm looking for a person………………….……surname begins with a "k".
25. Do you still go to that pub……………………….. we used to go as students?
26. The heating is not working. Do you know anyone…………………... can fix it?
27. Did I tell you about the woman …………………….lives next door?
28. This is the bank ……………………..my money is in.
29. That’s the boy …………….…….father knows my father.
30. The man …………….….is standing there in my teacher.
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 33. Love, …………………………is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life.
34. The king ……………………..life has been devoted to his country, deserves his popularity. The
restaurant …………we ate last night was quite expensive.
35. Whisky, ………………………….is very expensive, is the national drink of Scotland.
36. This is the room …………………………..I first met my wife in.
37. The man ……………………………name I always forget is coming to tea.
38. The place, …………………………..I was spending my Summer holiday, was very cold.
39. We will stay at a hotel …………………………….is not far from the beach.
40. Salim Khalil, …………………………left his country earlier, is a famous biologist today.
41. The book, ………………………I was reading yesterday, was a detective story.
42. The man …………………………you spoke to in the street is my English teacher.
43. This is the lady ……………………………...purse has been stolen.
44. The people ………………………….you were living with in London are coming to see you.
45. The picture …………………………..you were talking about has been sold.
46. People ……………………………live in glass houses should not throw stones.
47. Buy it back from the man …………………………you sold it to.
48. What is the name of that man …………………………wife has run away and left him?
49. Where is there a shop …………………………sells picture-postcards?
50. Where is the man ………………………..sold me these sun-glasses?
51. I don’t like the house …………………………..he lives in.
52. The girl, ……………………..I am hiding from, is coming.
53. The people …………………………are looking at that house are my parents.
54. The house, ………………………..they are looking at, is mine.
55. The girl ……………………….you see at the door is my sister.
C. Link between the following sentences by using relative clauses:
1. I met a man. He had just lost his job.
………………………..…………..…………………………………………….……………….………………...……
2. You need something. I will give you that.
…………….……..………………………………………………………….……………….………………….………
3. We got into a train. It was crowded.
……………………..……..………………………………………………………….……….………….………………
4. Taha is my friend. His brother is in my class.
……………..……..………………………………………………………….……………….…………………………
5. The officer has informed the police. The officer is living in our neighborhood.
…………………………….……………………………………………………….……………….……………………
6. The man betrayed me. I trusted him.
…………………..………..……………………………………………………….…………….………………….……
7. The boy was very happy. He won a prize.
………………………..……………………………………………………….………………….……………..………
8. Give me the book. The book is on the table.
……………………..……………………………………………………….……………….……………………….…
9. We praised Simo. His performance was remarkable.
….……..……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….…
10. The boys came late. They were punished.
……………….……..…………………………………………………………………………………..………………
11. You bought a book. Show me the book.
…………………………..……………………………………………………….………………………..……………
12. They caught the man. He was a thief.
……………………..……..……………………………………………………….……………………………..……
13. Charges leveled against him. Bribery is one of them.
……..……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………
14. The girl was injured in the hospital. She is now in hospital.
……..……………………………………………………….………………………………………………………….
15. A building was destroyed in the fire. I has now been rebuilt.
……..……………………………………………………….………………………………………………………….
16. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.
……..……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….……
17. The bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
……..……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..……
18. A waitress served us. She was impolite and impatient.
……..……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….…
136
 Expressing agreement and disagreement

Agreement Disagreement

absolutely
I disagree
 I + entirely + agree with you.  I’m afraid + I don’t agree + with you, because…...
quite
totally  I’m sorry. I don’t think so, because………
 I’m sorry. I’m not sure about that, because…….
 That’s exactly my own opinion.
 That’s not always true, because……..
 That’s exactly what I think.  That’s not always the case, because…..

Partially agreeing

 I see your point, but I think that…….….

 I see what you mean, but I think that……..
 That’s one way of looking at it, but I think that………
 I agree with you, but I think that………..

Examples:

 Karim: “the rich must help the poor”

(Agreement): I absolutely agree with this idea.

 Fouad: “Time management is not very important to succeed in my life”

(Disagreement): I am afraid, I disagree with you, because time management is beneficial to organize your work.

 Saida: “The internet is necessary for students to succeed in their studying.”

(Partially agreeing): I see your point, but I think that addiction to internet by students is so harmful.

Exercise .1.

 State your agreement or disagreement in the following statements. Justify your answer

1. Smoking is good for health.

…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. English is an international language.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Water is not important for life.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Playing sport is necessary to live longer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Couscous is an American meal.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. There isn’t any true friendship these days.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
137
 Exercise .2.

 Your friend says: “English is the language of science”

Express your agreement and explain why
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..…………..

 Your friend says: “violence by parents against their children is good”

Express your disagreement and justify
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..…………..

Exercise .3.
 Express your agreement or disagreement in the following statements. Then justify.
1. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
2. High school students should wear uniforms.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
3. Swimming in the sea is better than swimming in a public swimming pool.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..…
4. Females are better students than males.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
5. The government should free students who live in the campus from school fees and taxes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
138
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……
 Expressing apology

Expressing apology
Accepting apology
 Sorry.
 I am sorry. o That’s OK.
o All right.
so
o No problem.
really
 I am + very + sorry. o Don’t worry about it.
terribly o It is all good.
deeply o Never mind.
extremely o It doesn’t matter.
o That’s quite all right.
 I am sorry about + ……..(noun)……..
o No harm done.
 I am sorry for + ……..(V-ing)….….. o No need to apologize.
 My apologies for……..(V-ing)…....
 I apologize for ………(V-ing)……….

Exercise .1. Exercise .2.

 Fill in the blanks with the right words to  Complete the following dialogue with the
make correct expressions of apology. appropriate expressions of apology.
1. Would you like to go for a ride ? o Imran: Hi Diyae.
I’d love to, but I ……………………………….I can’t.  Diyae: Hi. What’s this! I am waiting for you more
2. I am sorry …………………………………. being late. than an hour.
3. I am sorry ………………………………..…… the mess; I o Imran: I ……………………..……………………………………
will clear it up. ………………………………………………………………
4. I ……………………………, I forgot to bring you the  Diyae: You have to justify this first.
books. o Imran: Ok. In brief, I went to hospital with my
Never …………………..It doesn’t ……………………. sister to make a check up. She is so sick.
5. I must …………………….for breaking that beautiful  Diyae: Oh! I………………………..…………………………..……
vase. I beg your pardon. I thought you forgot the meeting.
Don’t …………………………….That’s ………………….. o Imran: ………………………………………………………..

Exercise .3.

 You forgot your friend’s birthday party and she is very sad. Express your apologies.
 I am……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 You didn’t do your homework and your teacher is angry about that. Apologize to your teacher.
 I apologize…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 You have a meeting with your friend but you can’t come. Apologize to him by phone.
 My apologies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
 Your friend asks you for some money but you can’t help her. What would you tell her?
 I…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Your parents did their best to help you succeed at school but you failed.
 I am sorry about…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 You cheated your wife and she knows that you are a liar.
 I am sorry for…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
139
 Making and responding to complaint

Responding to complaints
Making complaints
Positive response Negative response
 I have a complaint to make…  I am so sorry, but this will  Sorry, there is nothing I can
 I am sorry to say this but… never happen again. do about it.
 I am afraid; I have got a complaint  I am so sorry, but this will  I am afraid; there isn’t much
about… never occur next time. I can do about it.
 I am afraid; there is a slight  I am sorry, I promise never  I am sorry, but this is not
problem with… to do the same mistake. accepted.
 Excuse me but there is a problem  I am sorry, I will do my best
about… not to do the same mistake
 I want to complain about… again.
 I am angry about…

Examples

 The son of your neighbor is making noise and you can’t sleep.
 I am afraid; I have got a complaint about your child. He is too noisy.
 Whatever you ask for in the hotel is not available.
 I am afraid; there is a slight problem with the service in this hotel.
 Your friend does not respect you.
 I am angry about the way you treat me.
 There is too much salt in your food.
 I am sorry to say this but this food is inedible; it is too salty.

Exercises

 Make a complaint and respond to it in the following situations.

1. Your friend stepped on your foot for the second time.

 (Make a complaint) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 (Respond to it)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Your friend damaged your laptop.
 (Make a complaint) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 (Respond to it)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Your friend forgot to bring you the book which he borrowed from you.
 (Make a complaint) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 (Respond to it)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Your friend didn’t come to visit you in hospital.
 (Make a complaint) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 (Respond to it)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
140
 Passive Voice

Tense Subject Verb Object

Active Mohamed writes a letter
Simple present
Passive A letter is written by Mohammed
Active Mohamed wrote a letter
Simple past
Passive A letter was written by Mohamed
Active Mohamed will write a letter
Simple future
Passive A letter will be written by Mohamed
Active Mohamed is writing a letter
Present continuous
Passive A letter is being written by Mohammed
Active Mohamed was writing a letter
Past continuous
Passive A letter was being written by Mohamed
Active Mohamed Has written a letter
Present perfect
Passive A letter Has been written By Mohamed
Active Mohamed Had written a letter
Past perfect
Passive A letter Had been written By Mohamed
Active Mohamed will have written a letter
Future perfect
Passive A letter will have been written by Mohamed
Active Mohamed would write a letter
Conditional type .2.
Passive A letter would be written by Mohamed
Active Mohamed would have written a letter
Conditional type .3.
Passive A letter would have been written by Mohamed
can
Active Mohamed should + write a letter
might
Modals
can
Passive A letter should + be written by Mohamed
might

 Exception: (Passive sentences with two objects):

Sentence Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2
Active Mohamed wrote a letter to me
Passive (suggestion 1) A letter was written to me by Mohamed
Passive (suggestion 2) I was written a letter by Mohamed

Summary
Active voice Passive voice Changes
Writes / write Is / are written …To be(simple present) + V(past participle)…
Wrote Was / were written ….To be(simple past) + V(past participle)…
Will write Will be written …To be(simple future) + V(past participle)…
Is writing Was / were being written …To be(present continuous) + V(past participle)…
Was writing Was / were being written …To be(past continuous) + V(past participle)…
Has written Has / have been written …To be(present perfect) + V(past participle)…
Had written Had been written …To be(past perfect) + V(past participle)…
Will have written Will have been written …To be(future perfect) + V(past participle)…
Would write Would be written …To be(conditional 2) + V(past participle)…
Would have written Would have been written …To be(conditional 3) + V(past participle)…
Should write Should be written …modal + To be(infinitive) + V(past participle)…
Used to write Used to be written …used to + To be(infinitive) + V(past participle)…
141
 Exercise.
 Rewrite these sentences using the passive form:

1. Sofia was watching a film. ………….……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………..

2. They were not eating dinner. ………………………….……………………………………………………………………….…………………..
3. They don’t speak English in this area. ………..…………….……………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Hassan will buy a new computer. ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. A customer has made a complaint ……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….
6. We should support the libraries. …..………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
7. The government should prohibit smoking in public places. ….…………………..……………………………………………………..
8. I ate a piece of chocolate cake…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………….
9. The librarian read the book to the students……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. They pay them on Fridays……………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………….………
11. Somebody stole the money………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..………………..
12. I washed my car three weeks ago…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
13. They are making the movie in Hollywood……………………………………………………………………………………….………………..
14. The teacher asked the student a question. ……..………………………………………………..……………….…………………………….
15. I will introduce you to my boss this week………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
16. They would have fixed it by the end of this weekend………………………………………………………………..……….……………..
17. Jalal was singing the national anthem ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. They have closed the door………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
19. We must write to him soon. ………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………….
20. My mother has made the bed………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
21. My father has booked a room in a hotel…………………………………………………………………..…………………...………………...
22. She would carry the box……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………...…………….
23. It is said that she works 16 hours a day. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
24. We may play cards…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
25. He couldn’t read the sentence…………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………
26. You should open the window……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….
27. He was playing the guitar…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
28. They were not eating dinner…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….………………..
29. Somebody paid the men 200 dollars. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. It is reported that two people were injured. ………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
31. Rachel will have given you some advice by next week……………………………………………………..…………..………………….
32. I sent him a letter……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...………..
33. He hates people keeping him waiting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
34. Kerry will make you a cup of tea……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
35. Joe had cleaned the tables……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….………….
36. I had not closed the window……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………...………..
37. Water covers most of the Earth’s surface…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………...
38. It is expected that the strike will take place soon. ……………………………………………………………………………..…………….
39. Dangerous drivers cause many accidents…………………………………………………………….…………………….………..…………..
40. I don’t like people telling me what to do………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
41. They make cheese from milk…………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………..………..
42. The teacher is not going to open the window…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
43. We gave the police the information………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
44. It is believed that she is creative. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
45. I remember Susan giving me a toy drum in my birthday………………………….…………………………………………………………
46. They offered me the job…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
47. We will give you plenty of time………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
48. It is said that Obama is a good public speaker. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
142
 Writing : A report

A Community service project

A Community by the
service English
project department
by the of ENS of
English department
Mekness
ENS Mekness
The creation
Theof a green
creation of space
a green space

On April 16, 2011 teacher trainees of ENS Meknes,

including myself, organized a green day in a specific area in
the region of Toulal, in Meknes. In fact, this wonderful
community service was prepared and organized in a very
skilful way. In details, after we had decided to carry out our
project in such specific space and during such specific time,
Title
we arrived at the practical side of our project. Thus, as a
preparatory step in such community service, we divided our It should be short and
group work into different teams. Each team was responsible
precise. It should give the
for a given task and every task had a specific role that
contributed to the achievement of such project as a whole. reader a general idea about
the content of the report.
1. The first team was responsible for getting permission
from the local public authorities not only for having It sets the
their agreement on what would be done in the place scene for
but also for involving them in such project. There was
your report
a permission taken from the administration of ENS
Meknes, permission from the municipality of Toulal, Introduction by giving the
and another one from the Academy of Meknes so as to (date, place,
involve students in such community service. participants...)
2. The second team was responsible for collecting all the as well
materials needed for putting our project into practice.
While most of the materials were brought from the
It is the main
municipality of Toulal, some materials were brought part of your
from INSAM institution. These materials included all report. It
that is needed for planting, irrigating and cleaning the
should include
green space.
Body the main
3. The third team was asked to collect the donations
given by the stick-holders of such community service.
ideas. It is
These donations included plants, money, and food and usually limited
so on. to one
4. The team number four was to advertise for the green paragraph.
day. The members of this team contacted different
In the
types of media ranging from TV, radio to newspapers.
They made posters and banners for the green space conclusion you
day. The team also was in charge to film and take evaluate the
pictures on the day of the event. success of
5. As far as the job for the fifth team is concerned, they the events or
had to get the community involved in the activity. Conclusion
the reactions
They tried to get all different categories of people to
take part in the event.
of the
different
6. The sixth team was to make action plan for the
activity. They put on paper the different step and components
kind of management the place needed as well as the you included.
amount of the material and time that was needed for
each step.

As a conclusion, through this experience in such

community service, I have learnt to what extent learning can
be taught via doing. Learning by doing is the key to success
in both inside the classroom and the outside world.

143
 Write a report about an activity or an event that you participated in.

Title of the report: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 Date: …………………………………………………………………
Introduction  Place: ……………………………………………………………………
 Objective: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Principle ideas or activities:
 ………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………
Body
 ………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

 ………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

 Your recommendation.
Conclusion ………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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144
 Unit 10
Economy

Brain drain, which is the action of having highly skilled and educated
people leaving their country to work abroad, has become one of the
developing countries concern. Brain drain is also referred to as human
capital flight. More and more third world science and technology educated
people are heading for more prosperous countries seeking higher wages
and better working conditions. This has of course serious consequences on
the sending countries.

While many people believe that immigration is a personal choice that must be understood and respected,
others look at the phenomenon from a different perspective. What makes those educated people leave their
countries should be seriously considered and a distinction between push and pull factors must be made. The
push factors include low wages and lack of satisfactory working and living conditions. Social unrest, political
conflicts and wars may also be determining causes. The pull factors, however, include intellectual freedom
and substantial funds for research.

Brain drain has negative impact on the sending countries economic prospects and competitiveness. It
reduces the number of dynamic and creative people who can contribute to the development of their country.
Likewise, with more entrepreneurs taking their investments abroad, developing countries are missing an
opportunity of wealth creation. This has also negative consequences on tax revenue and employment.

Most of the measures taken so far have not had any success in alleviating the effects of brain drain. A more
global view must take into consideration the provision of adequate working and living conditions in the
sending countries. An other option should involve encouraging the expatriates to contribute their skill to the
development of their countries without necessarily physically relocating.

Comprehension

A. Circle the right answer.

1. Another term for brain drain is:

 Capital fligh.
 Human capital flight.

2. To address the problem of brain drain we should understand:

 The causes.
 The effects.

3. Brain drain has terrible consequences on the economic development of:

 Sending countries.
 Receiving countries.

4. To limit the negative impact of brain drain, expatriates should:

 Come back to their home countries for good.
 Try to help their home countries while staying there.

145
 T. Match the following synonyms:
Answers
1 Environment 7 Criteria a Sanctified g Unimportant
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Terrible 8 Rare 2 ……. 8 ……. b Event h Motivated
3 Crucial 9 Competence 3 ……. 9 ……. c Annoyance i Horrible
4 Dignified 10 Coordination 4 ……. 10 ……. d Scarce j Harmonization
5 Disturbance 11 Ambitious 5 ……. 11 ……. e Surroundings k Aim
6 Incident 12 Purpose 6 ……. 12 ……. f Capability l Features

U. Match the following antonyms:

Answers
1 Famous 7 Satisfied a Minority g Pertinent
1 ……. 7 …….
2 Irrelevant 8 Harmful 2 ……. 8 ……. b Stagnation h Pessimistic
3 Majority 9 Ability 3 ……. 9 ……. c Unimportant i Large
4 Changeable 10 Compulsory 4 ……. 10 ……. d Slavery j Weak
5 Narrow 11 Optimistic 5 ……. 11 ……. e Inability k Dissatisfied
6 Freedom 12 Powerful 6 ……. 12 ……. f Useful l Anonymous

V. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

divided – expand – hamburger – guess – wedding – bread - breakfast

1. I prefer to have …………………………..in the early morning.

2. We hope to……………………………our business this year.
3. I invited my friends to my ………………….…….ceremony.
4. ……………….………..is necessary during meals in Morocco.
5. The house was ……………………………..into flats.
6. Nisrine likes to eat ……………………………
7. I ……………………..…..that he is 45.
W. Put these words in the right place.
Money – bankruptcy – retailer – company – pottery – supermarket – harvest – handicraft – payment – open air market –
wheel – wholesaler – accountant – panel – gas station - brands – advertisement board -

146
 Too and Enough

To describe the degree or

level of something
meaning

More than what is What is needed or

needed sufficient

Too Enough
uses uses

Too + adjective Too + adverb Too many / Too adjective +enough adverb + enough enough + noun
+ infinitive + infinitive much + noun + infinitive

 I was driving  He reacted  There is too  he isn’t old  we are not  I have enough
too fast. too slowly to much salt in enough to walking quickly money.
the problem. this food. watch this film. enough.
 There are too
many chairs.

A. Complete the sentences using: too - enough

1. Samir is strong ....................................to carry these heavy bags.
2. I can’t go to the park because I’m ....................................busy today.
3. Faysal isn’t ...................................brave to kill a chicken.
4. Basma is ......................................careless to remember about everything.
5. I have got ......................................time to finish this exercise.
6. Didn’t you prepare .......................................many sandwiches?
7. This soup is .......................................salty.
8. Nabil drinks ......................................much coffee.
9. My meal is warm ...................................
10. Bilal has got ....................................money to buy a car.
11. She has ...................................many flowers in the garden.
12. His horse is ................................slow to win the race.
13. My boyfriend is intelligent .......................................to pass all the tests.
14. We have done ......................................work today. Now we can take a rest.
15. He is .....................................young to play this computer game.
16. Dawdi is tall .......................................to reach that shelf.
B. Complete the sentences with: ( too + one of these words )

big - busy - sunny - loud - expensive - low - far

1. Please, turn the radio down. It is too loud

2. Can you turn up the radio, please? It is ................................
3. I don’t want to walk home. It is ………………………......
4. Don’t buy anything in that shop. It is ....................................
5. You can’t put all your things in that bag. It isn’t.......................................
6. We didn’t go outside. It is....................................
7. I can’t talk to you now. I am .....................................
147
 C. Complete the sentences with: ( enough + one of these words )

big - chairs - cups - fit - milk - money

qualifications - time - room - well - warm

1. I can’t run very far. I am not fit enough.

2. Some of us had to sit on the floor because there weren’t ………………………………………..
3. I would like to buy a car but I have not got …………………………………….
4. Have you got ………………………………….in your coffee or would you like some more?
5. Are you ………………………………? Or shall I switch on the heating?
6. It is only a small car. There isn’t ………………………………..for all of us.
7. Sihame didn’t feel …………………………………to go to work this morning.
8. I enjoyed my trip to the Moroccan Sahara, but there wasn’t ……………………………………..to visit all places.
9. Do you think I have got …………………………………….to apply for the job?
10. Try this jacket on and see if it is ………………………………….for you.
11. There weren’t ……………………………………for everybody to have coffee at the same time.

D. Fill in the blanks with: ( too – enough – too much – too many )
1. The weather isn’t hot ...................................today.
2. They aren’t ....................................responsible to look after small babies.
3. My mother can't sleep because she drinks ……………………………………….. coffee.
4. I left the coffee for a minute to cool because it was…………………………….….hot to drink.
5. He wasn't strong ………………………….………..to lift that heavy box.
6. He feels pain in his stomach because he ate …………….……………..food.
7. The situation of the street is ……………………………….bad. This causes …………………...……….road accidents.
8. Try to be careful in your writing. You make ………………………..………..mistake.
9. Do you have ……………………………….……..information to help me with this problem?
10. It is ……………………………..……..difficult to do for a little child.
11. I don’t have ………………………….…..……..time to prepare dinner.
12. I didn't buy the car because it was ……………………….…..……….expensive.
13. He didn't work hard ……………………………………………to pass the exam.
14. She isn't old …………………………………………to start driving.
15. There is ……………………………….…..rain. This may cause flood in some regions.
16. She was ………………………………………… tired to walk.
17. The boy was clever ………………………………………… to solve the problem.
18. There are ……………………………….………policemen. You find them in every street.
19. She has become ………………………………………… fat to wear her old pair of jeans.
E. Join these pairs of sentences by using: ( too - enough )
1. We couldn’t carry the boxes. They were heavy.
2. I can’t drink this coffee. It is hot. 1. The boxes were too heavy to carry.
3. Nobody could move the piano. It was heavy. 2. This coffee is …………………………………………………..
4. I can’t explain the situation. It is complicated. 3. The piano was …………………………………………………
5. This desk is very small. I can’t work on it 4. The situation is………………………………………….……..
6. That house is very expensive. We can’t buy it. 5. The desk…………………………………………………………..
7. The teacher’s voice was low. Students couldn’t hear her. 6. That…………………………………………………………………
8. He walked slowly. He didn’t get to the concert on time. 7. ………………………………………………………………..………
9. This chair is old. It can’t be repaired. 8. ………………………………………………………………………..
10. The soup is very hot. It can’t be eaten. 9. …………………………………………………………..……………
11. This game is difficult. It can’t be understood. 10. ……………………………………………………….……………….
12. He is young. He can’t travel alone. 11. ……………………………………………………….……………….
13. He is driving slowly. He isn’t going to win the race. 12. ………………………………………………………..……………….
14. My grandmother is old. She can’t drive a car. 13. …………………………………………………..……………………
15. My car is very fast. My daughter can’t drive it. 14. ………………………………………………….…………………….
16. The wind is very strong today. We can’t play tennis. 15. …………………………………………………..……………………
17. 148
 Articles : a / an / the / Ø

Definite article Indefinite article Zero article

a = an the Ø

A An 1. Before specific singular 1. Before names of meals.

countable nouns.  We take Ø lunch at
(consonant-noun) (vowel-noun)  The man who is there is midday.
my uncle. 2. Before school subjects.
A book. An apple. 2. Before specific plural nouns.  I love to study Ø English.
A teacher. An engineer.  The dogs in the farm are 3. Before names of sports.
very dangerous.  I like Ø football.
1. Before names of jobs. 3. Befor superlatives. 4. Before (title + noun).
 I am a student.  The richest are not  The messenger of Islam is
2. Before singular countable always the happiest. Ø Prophet Mohamed.
nouns. 4. Before ordinal numbers. 5. Before names of holidays,
 I have an animal.  I am the first student in days and months.
3. Before (adjective + singular my class.  Ø My birthday is in Ø
countable noun). 5. Before names of musical November.
 I have a good friend. instruments. 6. Before names of streets,
4. Before general singular  I know how to play the parks, squares…
countable nouns. guitar.  I visit Ø El-Fna square
 A boy is sitting in my 6. Before specific places or every year.
place. there is only one (moon, sun.) 7. Before names of cities,
5. Before names of meals  I go to the administration countries and continents.
preceded by an adjective. when I am late.  I live in Ø Taza.
 It is a delicious dinner. 7. Before directions (the west, 8. Before general plural nouns,
the south-east…) or uncountable nouns.
 It is very cold in the north.  Ø dogs are so intelligent.
Exercise .1.

Fill in the blanks with: a / an

a ..…... owl

d ..…... eagle
b ..…... monkey

c ..…... tiger

i ..…... elephant
h ..…... giraffe
f ..…... girl

e g ..…... ostrich

..…... zebra m ..….. kangaroo

l ..…... lion

k ..……. mouse

j 0 ..…... crocodile
p ..…... frog
o
0
..…... flower
n ..…... bee

149
 Exercise .2.

 Complete the following sentences using: a / an /

1. Let’s sing ………….song. 10. I have …………..good mood for work today.
2. Oussama wants ……………..desk in his room. 11. He drives very fast. He caused ………..accident.
3. My sister has ……………bicycle. 12. This is .......... orange
4. I have ……………uncle in France. 13. This is .......... hospital.
5. I live in ………….apartment. 14. That is .......... egg.
6. Thay are in …………..nice hotel. 15. This is .......... umbrella.
7. I read …………amazing story. 16. ........... horse is ........... animal.
8. I would like ……………glass of orange juice, please. 17. I'll be away for ........... hour.
9. Souad’s father works as ……………electrician. 18. Hicham Garouj is …………great athlete.

Exercise .3. Exercise .4.

 Fill in the blanks with: a / an / Ø / the

 Fill in the blanks : a / an / Ø
1. Where did you have ……..…..lunch?
o We went to …………… restaurant.
1. It is ………….. new book.
2. Did you have ……….…. nice holiday?
2. She is ……………. English teacher. o Yes, it was …….. most interesting holiday I have ever had.
3. Are you ……………. student? 3. Where is ………… nearest pharmacy shop here?
4. She wants to buy …….… yellow hat. o It is in ………………Ibn Yassmine neighbourhood.
4. Who is ………….. best student in your class?
5. There are …….. dogs in the garden.
o She is ………….Fayza .
6. She is …………. American journalist. 5. Would you like to travel to ……….. Britain?
7. The meeting is in …………… July. o Yes, I would like to go to ………….England.
8. I don’t like …………… tea. 6. It was ………… nice day yesterday, isn’t it?
o Yes, it was beautiful. We went for a walk by ………… sea.
9. He studies …………. English.
7. What did you have for …….. breakfast this morning?
10. It is ……………… ugly house. o Nothing important. I drank …………. .coffee with milk.
11. Robots will probably replace 8. Can you tell me where……… Room 17 is, please?
…………. people by 2050. o I don’t know but you can ask about it in……….post office.
9. Do you often listen to ………… radio?
12. I am not very fond of ……… fish.
o No. in fact I have not got ………… radio.
13. He is …………….. good worker. 10. Do you go to …………. cinema very often?
14. It is not …………… easy language. o No, not very often. But I watch a lot of films on …….. .TV.
11. Is there any call shop in this area?
15. ………. .tea is my favourite drink.
o there is one at ……..…… end of this street.
16. He wants to be ……………actor.
12. Where is your office?
17. I had ……… breakfast with my o It is on …………. second floor?
nephew. 13. Mernissa is ………...small nice village. It is in…………….north
east of Morocco. Olive oil and figs are ………………most
18. She is …………….good public speaker.
famous products of the area. It is ……………...exciting place to
19. ………Morocco is my country. visit because of its high mountains, fresh clean air and nice
20. I live in …………. Kods neighborhood. people.

150
 Giving and Seeking Advice

Asking for advice Expressing advice

 What can I do?  I advise you to…….….

 What do you think I should do?  If I were you, I would……...
 What do you suggest?  If I were in your position, I would……..
 What would I do in this situation?  I don't think you should…….…
 What shall I do?
 Why don’t you…….….?
 What do you advise me to do?
 How about…..……?

 Modals to express your advice :

Should ≠ should not

I / you / they Verb ………………….……
He / she / it
+ Ought to ≠ ought not to + (bare infinitive)
+ (what follows)
Had better ≠ had better not

You + should + do + your homework.

( Subject) + (modal) + ( verb) + ( …….)

Examples
 I should do my homework.  You ought to manage your  You had better play sport to
 She should not make noise time. keep fitness.
in the classroom.  He ought not to smoke  He had better not eat too
inside the house. much food at night.

A. Express your advice in the following situations

1. Hassna does not do her homework. ………………………………………………………..…………………….

2. Faysal does not listen to his parent. ………………………………………………………………………………
3. Karima wants to know what to do with her money. ………………………………………………………………………………
4. Sawsan watches TV too much and neglect her study. …………………………………………………………………………………

B. Fill in the table with the right answer:

1. Awisha is fat and she wants to lose weight.

2. Fouad has a headache.
3. Somebody is addicted to cigarettes.

Asking for advice Expressing your advice

1. ……………………………….……………………………….… 1. ……………………………….……………………………….…
………………….………………………………………………. ………………….……………………………………………….
2. …………………………………………………………………… 2. ……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………… 3. ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………….

151
1. …………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………..…….

2. …………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………..…….

3. …………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………..…….

4. …………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………..…….

5. …………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………..…….

6. …………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

……………..…….

152
 Reported Speech

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Tenses
Simple Present  Simple Past
she said, “I study English” she said that she studied English.
Simple Past  Past Perfect
she said, “I studied English.” she said that she had studied English.
Present Perfect  Past Perfect
she said, “I have studied English.” she said that she had studied English.
Past Perfect / Past perfect Progressive  No change
she said, “I had studied English.” she said that she had studied English.
she said, “I had been studying English.” she said that she had been studying English.
Present Progressive  Past Progressive
she said, “I am studying English.” she said that she was studying English.
Past Progressive  Past Perfect Progressive
she said, “I was studying English.” she said that she had been studying English.
Future (will)  Would + Verb(bare infinitive)
she said, “I will study English.” she said that she would study English.
Future (going to)  Present Progressive
she said that she is going to study English.
she said, “I am going to study English.”
 Past Progressive
she said that she was going to study English.
t

Commands, requests and advice

Imperative / request / advice  Infinitive
1.The teacher said,“Go to study English.” 1. The teacher ordered me to go to study English.
2. He said, "Please, revise for the test," 2. He urged me to revise for the test.
3. I said, "Put on your coat," 3. I advised him to put on his coat.
t

Modals

Can  Could
she said, “I can study English.” she said that she could study English.
May  Might
she said, “I may study English.” She said that she might study English.
Must / Have to / Has to  Had to
she said, “I must study English.” She said that she had to study English.
Should  Should
she said, “I should study English.” she said that she should study English.
Ought to  Ought to
she said, “I ought to study English.” she said that she ought to study English.

Needn’t  Didn’t need to / didn’t have to

153
 The reporting verb is in the simple present, present perfect or future
 she says , “I study English”  she says that she studies English.

 she has said , “I study English”  she has said that she studies English.

 she will say , “I study English.”  she will say that she studies English.

 she is going to say, “I study English”  she is going to study English.

Questions

 she said to me , “where did you go last  she asked me where I had gone the previous
weekend?” weekend.
 she said , “who lives next door?”  she asked who lived next door.

 she said , “what happened?.”  she asked what had happened.

 she said , “why are you studying English?.”  she asked me why I was studying English.

 I said , “who is that girl in the red dress?”  I wondered who is that girl in the red dress.

 I said , “is anyone here?”  I asked whether (or if) anyone was there.
t

Changes

now then
ago before

today that day

Two weeks ago Two weeks before

here There
tonight That night

Last saturday the previous Saturday

this That the Saturday before

Next saturday the following Saturday

this week that week the Saturday after

Last week the previous week

the following day
tomorrow the week before
the next day

next week the following week

the previous day

yesterday
the day before

154
 Exercise .1.

1) 9)

10)
2)
11)
3)

12)

4)
13)
5)

6
14)
)
7)

15)
8)

A. Report what Susan said.

1. Susan said that she was thinking of going to live in France.
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Re-write the following sentences as suggested.

1. John: "Mandy is at home." John said that …………………………………………………………………. .

2. Max: "Frank often reads a book." Max told me that…………………………………………………….... .
3. Susan: "I'm watching TV now." Susan said to me that………………..…………………………….…… .
4. Simon: "David was ill yesterday." Simon said that …………………………….…………………………..
5. Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework." Charles remarked that……………………………… .
6. Jean: "The boss must sign the letter." Jean said that ……………………………………………………. .
7. Emily: "Our teacher will go to Ifrane this week." Emily said that ………………………………………..
8. Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year." Robert told me that ………………………………………..
9. Andrew: "We didn't eat fish two days ago." Andrew remarked that……………………………………. .
10. I’m having a birthday party tomorrow” Halima said to Linda that……………………………………….
11. Ahmed: “don’t make noise.” He asked us ……………………………………………………………….
12. He says: “I’m coming” He says……………………………………………………………………………….
13. He said: “I saw her the day before yesterday” He said that……………………………………………….
14. She said: “I’ll be very busy today.” She said that…………………………………………………………
15. She informed us: “I will not come tomorrow.” She informed us that…………………………………….
16. I wonder: “where is she?” …………………………………………………………………………………..
17. He wondered: “How can I possibly solve the problem?” He wondered……………………………….
155
 Exercise .3.
 Change into indirect speech the following sentences.

1. Karima said: “I am writing a new letter” ………………………………………………………………...

2. My father said: “Jane is coming this week.” ………………………………………………………………
3. Noufel realized: “I’ve taken the wrong way” ………………………………………………………………
4. Kawtar told us: “don’t play football in the garden.” ……………………………………………………….
5. Teacher told me: “don’t forget your homework” ………………………………………………………..
6. Mike: “don’t shout at Peter.” ………………………………………………………………………………..
7. He said: “I never get up early” ……………………………………………………………………………..
8. He told his father: “I was listening to the radio.” …………………………………………………………
9. He said: “you mustn’t smoke here. …………………………………………………………………………
10. She said: “the guests will arrive next week” ……………………………………………………………….
11. He said: “you shouldn’t underestimate voluntary work.” ………………………………………………..
12. He reported: “a lot of people participated in the campaign.” ……………………………………………..
13. My friend said: “I’ve been reading a novel this week” …………………………………………………….
14. 'How much will they pay you?' She asked me…………………………………………………..…………
15. 'Will you be coming back later?' She asked me..........................................................................................
16. 'When do you expect to finish the book?' She asked me.............................................................................
17. 'When are you leaving?' She asked me.......................................................................................................
18. 'Where did you get the computer from?' She asked me............................................................................
19. 'Why didn't you tell me earlier?' She asked me..........................................................................................
20. She says: “I didn’t like the food.” …………………………………………………………………………..
21. Mary says: “I’m trying to get a taxi” ………………………………………………………………………..
22. Mary to me: “would you like to spend the weekend with us?” ………………………………………………..
23. He ordered them: “don’t make such noise, children.” ……………………………………………………..
24. She wondered: “how long have you been waiting.” ………………………………………………………...
25. He said: “I must do what I can, I know.” …………………………………………………………………..
26. He suggested: “just contact me in case you need any help.” ……………………………………………….
27. He said to her: “stop laughing.” ……………………………………………………………………………..
28. She said: “I don’t live in Rabat” …………………………………………………………………………...
29. Ali told us: “I didn’t buy a car” …………………………………………………………………………….
30. He asked:”Do you live in the country Peter?”………………………………………………………………
31. They inquired:” Did you see Charles yesterday morning”?........................................................................
32. She wanted to know:”Will we get there on time, John?”……………………………………………………...
33. The policeman wondered:”Don’t you know the traffic regulations?”………………………………………
34. The commander asked:”Do our soldiers have enough weapons?”………………………………………….
35. The coach wanted to know:” Can you do your best boys?”………………………………………………….
36. He asked:”Are we going to start work tomorrow?”…………………………………………………………
37. They inquired:”Have they ever been to America?”…………………………………………………………..
38. She wanted to know:” Is he staying with his family now?”…………………………………………………
39. The residents asked:”Are you going to have our roads repaired, mayor?”……………………………….
40. The watchmaker asked:”Did you buy this Swiss watch at my place”?.....................................................
41. The instructor asked me:” have you ever worked with groups from abroad?”……………………………
42. She wanted to know:”Were you informed about the meeting yesterday?”…………………………………
43. The assistant asked:”Are you looking for something?”………………………………………………………
44. The pilot asked:” Have you prepared the runway for our flight?”………………………………………….
45. He asked:”Where have you been Tom?”………………………………………………………………………
46. The teacher wanted to know:”Who discovered America?”………………………………………………….
47. “Would you like to spend the weekend with us” they invited her. ………………………………………….
48. “Could you open the window, please?” She asked him. ………………………………………………….
49. “Go to bed now” she told him. ……………………………………………………………………
50. “Don’t forget to post the letter” he said. ……………………………………………………………………
51. “Don’t play with matches; they are dangerous” she warned me. ……………………………………………
52. “I will give you some money” he offered. ……………………………………………………………………
53. “I will not lend you money.” He refused. ……………………………………………………………………
54. “why haven’t you got a car?” he asked. ……………………………………………………………………
55. “I don’t care whether you come or not.” He said. ………………………………………………………………
56. “Do you know when we are meeting tomorrow?”. He said. …………………………………………………
156
 Expressing “if only” and “I wish”

“if only” and “I wish”

Context
of use

Imaginary wish Complaining Regret

 To express wish about  To express your  To express regret about

present actions. complaint about future past actions.
actions.

I wish I wish I wish

+ S + S.past + … + S + would + V +… + S + past perfect +…
If only If only If only

 I don’t know how to use a  I'm annoyed because you  I didn't wake up early in
computer and I would like always come late and I the morning and I missed
to learn how to use it. want you to come on time. my bus.

 If only I knew how to  If only you would come  If only I had woken up
use a computer on time. early.

Exercise .1.
 Write sentences beginning with “I wish” or “if only”:

1. I don’t know many people and I’m lonely. I wish I knew more people.
2. I don’t have a key and I need one. …………………………………..………………………………………………
3. Souraya isn’t here and I need her. …………………………………………….…………...………………………
4. It is cold and I hate cold weather. ……………………………………….…………………………………………
5. He lives in a big city and he doesn’t like it. …..…..……………………………..…………………………………………
6. I can’t go to the party and I’d like to. …………………………………………….…………………..…………………
7. She has to work tomorrow, but she’d like to stay in bed.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
8. I don’t know anything about cars and my car has just broken down.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
9. I’m not lying on a beautiful sunny beach and that’s a pity.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
Exercise .2.
 Write your own sentences using “I wish” or “if only”.

1. Somewhere you would like to go to in the future.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Something you would like to have now.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Something you would like to be able to do.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Something you didn’t do and you regret it now.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………
5. Someone disturbs you with something.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
157
 Exercise .3.
 Write wishes according to the following situations by using “I wish” or “if only”.

1. I am not ready for the test.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
2. She is not at home.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
3. He didn't call me yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
4. They are coming with us.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
5. Kamal is working now.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
6. It was snowing.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
7. I do not know her phone number.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
8. Mery tells lies all the time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
9. He did not trust me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
10. It rains a lot here.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
11. He hates me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
12. Sam has to stay home tonight.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
13. I can't speak English.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
14. It has been raining for 5 days.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
15. The baby was crying.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
16. Tom and Larry were at home.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
17. She was sleeping when I came.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
18. I didn't check my homework.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
19. I couldn't get up early yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
20. He never answers my letters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
21. They lost all their money.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
22. He wasn't at the meeting.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
23. She failed the test.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
24. You are not coming with us.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

158
 Writing : Hopes and Wishes for the future

For travelling
For having a
to a given
given job
country
In the future

For having
adventure
in a specific
place

……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
………………………..
………………………..

……………………………
……………………………
…………………………… For your
Learning ………………………..
parents
something

……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
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………………………..
………………………..

159
 For your
health For your
county

For pepole
in the world

……………………………
…………………………… ……………………………
…………………………… ……………………………
……………………….. ……………………………
………………………..

……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………….. For
For your marriage
best friend

……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
……………………………
………………………..
………………………..

160
 Learn English Online
 E-mail : mohamed-fettah@hotmail.fr

 Web-blog : www.fettahism.blogspot.com

161
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162