SDF-1 Health, Safety & Environment

What is HSE?
 It is a system of socio-economic, organizational, technical, sanitary-hygienic, and treatment-prophylactic
measures and tools operating based on the relevant legislative acts and other normative acts, which
ensures the safety, health, and working capacity of a person in the process of labor activity.
 Ensures the safety of workers, and industrial materials that can cause harm if not properly cared for.
Based on these, the security measures of the commercial unit, and how to plan and execute work in
critical situations.
 Maintain safety measures and manage dangerous situations.
 The goal of HSE is to create a safe and healthy work environment and establish a proper management
system!
 Occupational safety refers to the management of all operations and events within an industry to
protect its employees and assets by minimizing hazards, risks, accidents, and near misses.
 Industrial safety is overseen by federal, state, and local laws and regulations.
Fields

 General Safety: General safety means keeping people safe from risks and dangers in different places.
 Occupational Safety and Health: This focuses on preventing injuries and illnesses at work to keep
employees safe.
 Process and Production Safety: This ensures that manufacturing and production processes are safe to
avoid accidents.
 Material Safety: Material safety is about handling and storing materials safely, especially dangerous
ones, to prevent harm.
 Workplace Safety: Workplace safety includes rules and practices to make sure the work environment is
safe for everyone.
 Fire Safety: Fire safety involves steps to prevent and deal with fires, protecting people and property.
 Electrical Safety: This is about using electricity safely to avoid shocks and fires.
 Building and Structural Safety: This ensures that buildings are strong and safe for people to use.
 Environmental Safety: Environmental safety protects the environment and health from pollution and
harmful practices.

Key Terms in İndustrial Safety

 Health - The absence of disease or ill health. For example, asbestos creates a health risk because if you
inhale asbestos dust you may contract lung cancer at some stage later in life (perhaps 20 or 30 years
after you inhaled the dust).
 Safety - The absence of risk of serious personal injury. For example, walking under a load suspended
from a crane during a lifting operation is not safe because if the load falls, serious personal injury or
death could result. Staying out of the danger area results in safety.
 Welfare - Access to basic facilities such as toilet facilities, hand-wash stations, changing rooms,
restrooms, places where food can be prepared and eaten in relatively hygienic conditions, drinking
water, and basic first-aid provision.
 Environmental protection - the prevention of damage to the air, land, water, and living creatures in the
wider environment
 Accident - an unplanned, unwanted event that leads to injury, damage, or loss.
 Near miss - an unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage, or loss (but
did not do so).
 Dangerous occurrence - a specified event that has to be reported to the relevant authority by legislative
act.
 Hazard - something with the potential to cause harm.
 Risk - the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm in combination with the severity of injury, damage, or
loss that might occur. = hazard + exposure
Welfare facilities
-Provide comfort to worker
 Toilets
 Washing facilities – Safety shower, hand face
washer, eye washing station
 Provision for disabled
 Drinking water
 Facilities to eat meals
 Storage of clothing
 Changing facilities

Unsafe Act
Performance of a task or other activity that is conducted in a manner that may threaten the health and
safety of workers.
 Operating equipment without qualification or authorization
 Using defective equipment
 Operation equipment at unsafe speeds
 Lack of/or improper use of PPE
 Bypass or removal of safety devices
 Failure to warn
Accidents may occur as a result of unsafe act when safety is not managed in the workplace
As a consequence :
 healthcare cost – direct
 short/long-term disability cost - direct
 increased paperwork
 legal issues
 const to replace injured staff
 loss of staff morale
 loss of productivity
Unsafe Condition
A condition in the workplace that is likely to cause property damage or injury.
 Defective tools, equipment, or supplies
 Inadequate supports or guards
 Congestion in the workplace
 Inadequate warning systems
 Fire and explosion hazards
 Poor housekeeping
 Hazardous atmospheric conditions
Costs of accidents
The occurrence of any accident will cause both direct and indirect costs. All of these costs must be taken
into account when the full cost of an accident is calculated. Different studies have shown that indirect costs
or hidden costs could be more than 30 times greater than the direct costs of an accident. In other words,
the direct costs of an accident or disease represent the tip of the iceberg when compared to the overall
costs.

Direct cost
measurable cost arising directly from the accident
  Fines in the criminal courts.
 Workers compensation
 First aid treatment.
 Medical fees.
 Repairs to equipment
 Replacement of damaged equipment and
buildings.
 Lost or damaged product
 Lost production time whilst dealing with the
injury.
 Overtime to make up for lost time.
 Costs associated with the rehabilitation of the injured worker and their return to work.
Indirect cost
those which arise indirectly as a consequence of the event. Indirect cost is usually very difficult to quantify
precisely and identify. In certain circumstances, it may be extremely high.
 Reduced or lost productivity
 Loss of staff morale
 Lost in performance
 Lost contracts
 Lost time
 Increase in hiring and replacement cost
 Loss of goodwill of customers
 Negative public image
 Damage to customer relationships
 Damage to industrial relations
 Cost of remedial action following an investigation
Insured Costs and Uninsured Costs

Work Injuries by Type of Accident

 Overexertion
  Impact accidents
 Falls
 Bodily reaction (to chemicals)
 Compression
 Motor vehicle accidents
 Exposure to radiation
 Rubbing or abrasions
 Exposure to extreme temperatures
Death Rates by Industry
1. Fishing
2. Logging
3. Mining/quarrying
4. Agriculture
5. Construction
6. Transportation and warehousing
7. Manufacturing
8. Aircraft pilots, flight engineers, and maintenance
9. Refuse and recycling collectors
10. Law enforcement
11. Professional and business services
12. Retail
13. Public administration/government
Parts of the Body Injured at the workplace
 Back
 Legs and fingers
 Arms and multiple parts of the body
 Trunk
 Hands
 Eyes, head, and feet
 Neck, toes, and body system

Employers' Responsibilities
Article 16 of C155 identifies some basic obligations placed on employers(give job):
 to ensure that the workplaces, machinery, equipment, and processes under their control are safe and
without health risks.
 to ensure that the chemical, physical, and biological substances and agents under their control are
without risk to health
 to provide adequate protective clothing and protective equipment to prevent the risk of accidents or
adverse effects on health.
 To provide workplaces and work equipment, and use safe work methods and no risk to health.
 To provide appropriate instructions and training.
 To provide necessary supervision.
 To put in place health and safety arrangements adapted to suit the size and nature of the undertaking.
 To provide any necessary personal protective clothing and equipment free of charge.
 To ensure that the hours of work do not adversely affect employees' safety and health.
 To remove any extreme physical and mental fatigue.
 To stay up-to-date with knowledge to comply with the above.
Workers' responsibilities
 Take reasonable care of their safety and that of other people who might be affected by the things that
they do and the things that they fail to do.
 Comply with safety instructions and procedures.
 Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it.
 Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot themselves correct.
 Report any work-related accident or ill-health.
Workers' rights
 The right to be provided with adequate information on actions the employer has taken to ensure
occupational safety and health.
 The right to the necessary training in occupational safety and health.
 The right to be consulted by the employer on all matters of occupational safety and health relating to
their work.
 The right to leave a workplace that he has reason to think presents an imminent and serious danger to
his life or health and not be compelled to return until it is safe.
Training, Supervision, and Competency of Staff
Workers must be able to carry out the necessary procedures. Employers must provide appropriate training
so that workers are aware of the hazards and risks underlying their work, the safe systems of work, and the
emergency procedures. This training might be strengthened by the providing of information and
instruction.
Employers should supervise workers to ensure that they are carrying out their work with minimal risk to
themselves and others. This does not mean that supervisors have to stand and watch every worker at all
times, but it does require the provision of adequate levels of supervision.
Finally, an employer should ensure that all workers, supervisors, and
managers are competent.
Safe Systems of Work
There should be recognized procedures for the safe behavior of all
work activities. These procedures should cover all predictable
possibilities, e.g. the operation of drilling equipment in different types
of weather, rather than just a set of rules which ensure safety when
the weather is good. Procedures should cover the routine day-to-day
activities of the organization and the non-routine, occasional, or one-
off activities, as well as any expected emergencies that might arise.

Competent
Competency means that each person has sufficient training, knowledge, experience, and other abilities or
skills to be able to carry out their work safely and without health risks.
 Consequences of Non-Compliance
A breach of health and safety legislation is usually a criminal offense - wherever you are in the world.
Failure to meet legal standards might lead to:
 Formal enforcement action: an enforcement agency might force an employer either to make an
improvement within the workplace within a given time period or to stop carrying out high-risk activities
altogether until improvements are made. Failure to comply with formal enforcement action is usually
considered to be a crime in itself.
 Prosecution of the organization in the criminal courts: successful prosecution might result in
punishment in the form of a fine.
 Prosecution of individuals, such as directors, managers, and workers: successful prosecution might
result in punishment in the form of a fine and/ or imprisonment.
Safety and Health Management
System
A systematic approach to management
is often linked to the "PDCA cycle":
 Plan.
 Do.
 Check.
 Act.

Key Elements of a Health and Safety

Management System
 Policy - A clear statement has to be made to establish health and safety as a prime commitment of
management at all levels of the organization, particularly at the top.
 Organising - A system of roles and responsibilities for health and safety must be created within the
organization, from senior management down to the shop floor, including the appointment of specialist
staff.
 Planning and Implementing - Detailed
arrangements must be made for the
management of health and safety. Central to
this idea is the concept of risk assessment
and the identification and implementation of
safe systems of work and protective
measures.
 Evaluation - Methods must be designed to
monitor and review the effectiveness of the
 arrangements put into place. This might be done reactively, e.g. by reviewing accident and ill-health
statistics, or actively, e.g. by reviewing inspection reports.
 Action for Improvement - Any failure identified by the review process must be corrected as soon as
possible by making whatever adjustments are necessary to the policy, organization, and arrangements
for implementation.
 Audit - Arrangements must be made for the independent, systematic, and critical examination of the
safety management system to ensure that all parts are working acceptably well.
 Continual Improvement - The intention is that the safety management system will not remain static but
will develop over time to become increasingly appropriate and useful to the organization that it exists
to serve.
General health and safety management arrangements:
 Carrying out risk assessments (planning and organizing for health and safety).
 Identifying and supplying health and safety information, instruction, and training.
 Accident and near-miss reporting, recording, and investigation.
 Consultation with workers on health and safety matters.
 Developing safe systems of work and permit-to-work systems to control hazards.
 Details of specific hazards to the organization, e.g. hazardous substances or lone working.
 Carrying out specialist risk assessments such as those on hazardous substances.
 Control of contractors and visitors.
 Provision of safety-related training.
 Welfare and first-aid provision.
 Emergency procedures.
 Health surveillance.
 Communication of health and safety matters including hazards and control measures.
Specific risks
 Lone working.
 Housekeeping.
 Noise exposure control.
 Vibration exposure control.
 Control of exposure to toxic materials.
 Fire safety and prevention.
 Control of contractors.
 Control of transport risks.
Not all organizations will have all of these risks - these are "specific" to the organization and its function.