GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
AHMEDABAD
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Micro Project
NAME:- Samarth D Ruparelia
Shah Jainil H
Shah Japan
ENROLLMENT :- 236170306114
236170306116
236170306117
Division:- B -2
SUBJECT:- CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
AND TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC:- Acoustic Material
GUIDED BY:- HIMANK GHULYANI SIR
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Historical Overview of Construction Technology
• Current Technologies in Construction o Building
Information Modeling (BIM) o Modular Construction o
Drones in Construction o 3D Printing
• Sustainable Construction Technologies
• Safety Technologies
• Future Trends in Construction Technology
• Conclusion
• References
Overview of the
Construction
Industry
The construction industry
encompasses the planning,
design, building, and
maintenance of
infrastructure, residential,
commercial, and industrial structures. It includes a diverse
range of activities, from large-scale public works projects
like bridges and highways to residential housing
developments and commercial buildings.
• Key Components of the Construction Industry
• Residential Construction: Involves the building of
homes, apartments, and condominiums.
• Commercial Construction: Covers office buildings,
shopping centers, and other commercial spaces.
• Industrial Construction: Focuses on factories,
warehouses, and industrial facilities.
• Infrastructure Construction: Encompasses public works
such as roads, bridges, railways, and utilities.
Historical Overview of Construction
Technology
Ancient Times
• Prehistoric Era: Early humans used natural materials like
stone, mud, and wood to create simple shelters.
• Ancient Civilizations: Egyptians utilized limestone and
granite for monumental structures like the pyramids. The
use of bricks (sun-dried and fired) became common in
Mesopotamia. Middle Ages
• Gothic Architecture: Characterized by pointed arches,
ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, this period saw the
construction of cathedrals like Notre-Dame, employing
advanced masonry techniques.
• Timber Framing: In Northern Europe, timber
construction became popular, using a post-and-beam
method.
Late 20th to 21st Century
• Sustainable Construction: Growing awareness of
environmental impacts led to the adoption of green
building practices, energy-efficient designs, and
sustainable materials.
• Digital Revolution: The introduction of Building
Information Modeling (BIM), drones, and advanced
construction software transformed project planning and
execution.
Current Technologies in Construction
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
• What it is: A digital representation of a building’s
physical and functional characteristics.
• Key Features:
o Collaborative platform for architects, engineers,
and contractors. o Enables 3D modeling and
simulation. o Supports project lifecycle management.
• Benefits: Enhances coordination, reduces errors, and
improves project delivery times.
Modular Construction
Modular construction is a building process where
structures are prefabricated in sections or "modules" in a
factory setting, then transported to the construction site
for assembly. Here are some key points about modular
construction:
Advantages:
1. Speed: Construction time is significantly reduced
because site preparation and module fabrication can
occur simultaneously.
2. Cost Efficiency: Lower labor costs and reduced waste
often lead to overall cost savings.
Process:
1. Design: The structure is designed, often using Building
Information Modeling (BIM) to visualize and optimize.
2. Fabrication: Modules are manufactured in a factory,
where conditions can be controlled for better quality.
3. Transportation: Finished modules are transported to the
site.
Drones in Construction
Here are some key aspects of drone use in construction:
Applications:
1. Site Surveying:
o Drones can quickly and accurately survey large
areas, creating detailed topographic maps and 3D
models. o They reduce the time and cost associated
with traditional surveying methods.
2. Monitoring Progress:
o Drones provide real-time aerial imagery and video
to track construction progress against timelines. o
They help identify potential delays or issues early on.
Advantages:
• Efficiency: Drones can cover large areas quickly,
providing data that would take much longer to gather
manually.
• Cost Savings: Reducing the need for physical
inspections and manual surveying can lower project
costs.
3D Printing
Here are some key aspects of 3D printing in
construction: Applications:
1. Building Components:
o 3D printing can produce various components, such
as walls, columns, and facades, using materials like
concrete, plastic, and metal.
2. Entire Structures:
o Some companies are developing 3D printing
technologies that can construct entire homes or
buildings in a fraction of the time required by
traditional methods.
Advantages:
• Speed: 3D printing can significantly reduce construction
time, often completing projects in days rather than weeks
or months.
• Cost-Effectiveness: Reducing material waste and labor
costs can lead to overall savings.
Sustainable Construction: Methods
Introduction
o Sustainability is fundamental for different reasons,
including bettering one's personal satisfaction and
securing the climate. o Clean air, regular assets, and
a non-poisonous
climate are needed for lively and sound networks.
The development area can lead the way in greener
drives. The procedure of building a sound climate
dependent on biological standards is known as
maintainable development.
o The six standards of the reasonable structure are
"monitor, reuse, reuse/restore, protect nature, and
foster non-poisonous and excellent materials." The
goal is to diminish the business' ecological impact
by utilizing feasible improvement strategies and
conveying green advancements.
o
Sustainable Tools and Technologies utilized in Sustainable
Construction
o The following technologies are often adopted to
construct property and eco-friendly buildings: o
1. Solar Power
o Solar energy is being additional wide used as a
property building technique. It’s going to be
utilized in two strategies in Sustainable building,
one for active solar energy and passive solar energy.
o Active solar energy makes use of star panels that
absorb the sun's light weight and convert it into
heat and electricity. Passive solar energy, on the
opposite hand, makes use of the sun's rays to heat
dwellings by rigorously putting windows and
endoergic materials. o The windows permit energy
to flow in, and therefore the heat absorbed
minimizes the necessity for electricity to heat the
house throughout colder months. o 2. Biodegradable
Materials
o Custom development materials add to the
development of waste products and perilous
synthetic compounds that require numerous years
to corrupt, so abusing short-lived materials is
ecologically responsible on account of assembling
development property. o Bamboo, lumber, plant
structure (a style of
parasite), antiquated lino, and natural paints region
unit are all immediately short-lived and don't have
to end up in an exceptional marsh. They need an
incidental ecological effect since they separate
rapidly while not creating pollutants.
o 3. Green Insulation
o At the point when it includes the advancement of
structures and houses, one in everything about
preeminent major problems is protection.
Encasing’s region unit divider channels that needn't
bother with the usage of pricey or finely completed
materials. o Because it lessens the need for very
good quality completions result of non-sustainable
materials, unpractised protection has demonstrated
to be a property development goal. It also gives a
reply by using past and utilized materials like
denim and paper.
o 4. Cool Roofs
o The Cool Roofs Regional Unit is a sort of
Sustainable style that means to repeat heat and
sunlight eliminated from the structure. By limiting
heat assimilation and warm emittance, it helps with
keeping up with customary space temperatures in
homes and structures. o Cool rooftops utilize
intelligent coatings and explicit tiles that retain less
heat and recreate the heft of elective energy,
bringing summer temperatures by up down to fifty
degrees Celsius. Cool rooftops moreover downsize
dependence on air-con and, subsequently, energy
utilization, prompting lower added substance gas
discharges from power plants.
o 5. Sustainable Resource Sourcing
o Manageable asset obtaining could be a
fundamental component of property development
innovation because it guarantees the usage of
harmless to the ecosystem development materials
that region unit planned and made from reused
materials. o Farming squanders and side-effects
regional units
regularly acclimate to assemble development
materials. The material region unit is
remanufactured, reused, recyclable, and obtained
from harmless ecosystem sources. o 6. Water
Efficiency Technologies
o With a few water-saving arrangements regional
units utilized, all of that space unit a piece of the
property development innovation. The advances
fundamentally control the re-use and use of
practical water frameworks, similar to twin pipes,
greywater re-use, downpour gather home, and
protection installations. o Downpour collection
homes, for instance, produce water that will be
utilized for a long time and put something aside for
some time in the future. These methods ensure that
water is accurately overseen, reused, and utilized
for non-compact capacities like auto clothing and
washroom flushing.
Safety Technologies
New safety technologies can play a significant role
in helping reduce industry accidents. Nothing will
ever outpace human diligence and a commitment to
ethical practices, but these innovations are certainly
pushing construction into a new era.
1. Wearable Technology
One of the most prominent advancements in construction
safety is wearable technology. Workers can don smart
helmets, vests, and glasses that are equipped with sensors and
communication devices. These wearable devices can help in
the following ways:
• Monitor vital signs of construction workers
• Detect hazardous conditions
• Provide real-time information to both the wearer and
supervisors
In case of an accident or unsafe conditions, these tools can
alert authorities and even administer first aid, potentially
saving lives in the process.
2. Drones & Aerial Surveys
Drone technology has advanced at lightning speed, and these
machines have quickly become an indispensable tool in
construction safety. Consider some of the most common uses:
Provide aerial surveys
Monitor work progress
Assess site safety from a bird’s eye view
Help identify potential hazards
Support jobs that require heavy lifting
Inspect hard-to-reach areas
Ensure compliance with safety protocols
Overall, drone technology can help reduce the risk of
accidents while simultaneously streamlining project
management.
3. Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the construction
industry. It does so by connecting various devices and
equipment to a central network so that each element can
function as part of a collaborative whole.
IoT sensors can monitor the condition of machinery, the
structural integrity of buildings, and even environmental
factors in real-time. This data allows for predictive
maintenance and early detection of potential safety concerns
throughout the project’s lifecycle, which reduces downtime
and the likelihood of accidents.
4. Building Information Modeling (BIM)
BIM technology enables the creation of digital 3D models for
use on construction projects. These models provide a
comprehensive view of the entire construction process, which
allows for better planning and risk assessment.
By simulating the construction process in a virtual
environment, potential safety hazards can be identified and
addressed before they become real-life incidents. Planning
ahead is the key to reducing costly or dangerous situations.
5. Autonomous & Remote-Controlled Machinery
Similar to the role drones have taken within the industry, the
introduction of autonomous and remote-controlled
construction machinery can greatly reduce the risk to human
workers. These machines can handle tasks in hazardous
environments or high-risk areas where it’s dangerous for
people to work.
This form of artificial intelligence (AI) technology may help
decrease the likelihood of accidents associated with manual
operations that were considered unavoidable in the past.
Operators can control equipment from a safe distance while
ensuring their safety and getting the job done efficiently and
effectively.
• Future Trends in Construction Technology
• LiDAR: Laser-based technology for precise distance
measurements and 3D imaging, enhancing worker safety
and site analysis.
• Connected Hardhats: Wearable tech that monitors
location, motion, and temperature, improving worker
safety and reducing incidents.
• Smart Infrastructure: Structural monitoring systems that
predict and prevent potential issues, ensuring site safety
and reducing risks.
• Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: VR offers
training and simulations, while AR provides real-time
information overlays, reducing errors and improving
collaboration.
• Artificial Intelligence: AI speeds up planning, optimises
operations, and reduces costs, with AI assistants like
ALICE transforming project management.
• BIM Software: IoT and AR-driven tools that create
intelligent 3D models, streamlining workflows and
enhancing the entire construction process.
• 3D Printing Houses: Advanced technology that enables
faster and more affordable construction, revolutionising
the housing industry.
• Exoskeletons: Wearable devices that reduce strain,
increase productivity, and enhance worker safety by
providing physical support.
• Humanoid Labourers: Robotics and automation
technologies like HRP-5P, TyBot and ATL that perform
physical tasks and mitigate labor shortages.
• Robot Swarms: Coordinated groups of small robots that
collaborate to perform repetitive tasks, improving
efficiency and safety.
