Zimbabwe

Civil Aviation Act

Chapter 13:16

Legislation as at 20 July 2018

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The legislation in this collection has been reproduced as it was originally printed in the Government Gazette, with
improved formatting and with minor typographical errors corrected. All amendments have been applied directly to
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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16)
Contents
Part I – Preliminary ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

1. Short title and date of commencement .......................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Interpretation ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

3. Application of Act and Chicago Convention .................................................................................................................................. 3

Part II – Establishment, objects and functions of Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe ......................................................... 4

4. Establishment of Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe ............................................................................................................ 4

5. Objects of Authority ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

6. Functions of Authority ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4

7. Policy directions as to exercise of Authority’s functions ........................................................................................................... 5

8. Execution of contracts and instruments by Authority ................................................................................................................ 5

9. Reports, plans and programmes of Authority ............................................................................................................................... 5

Part III – Board of Authority ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7

10. Board of Authority ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

11. Disqualifications for appointment to Board ................................................................................................................................ 7

12. Terms and conditions of office of members ................................................................................................................................ 8

13. Vacation of office by members ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

14. Minister may require member to vacate his office or may suspend him .......................................................................... 8

15. Dismissal of Board ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

16. Filling of vacancies on Board ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

17. Chairman and vice-chairman of Board .......................................................................................................................................... 9

18. Meetings and procedure of Board ................................................................................................................................................ 10

19. Committees of Board ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11

20. Members of Board and committees to disclose connection with companies and firms dealing with Authority
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

21. Remuneration and allowances of members of Board and committees ........................................................................... 12

22. Minutes of proceedings of Board and committees ................................................................................................................. 12

23. Validity of decisions and acts of Board and committees ..................................................................................................... 12

Part IV – Staff of Authority ........................................................................................................................................................................... 12

24. Director-General of Authority ......................................................................................................................................................... 12

24A. Duties of Director-General ............................................................................................................................................................ 13

24B. Powers of Director-General .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

25. Secretary of Authority ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14

26. Other staff of Authority and powers of Director-General in relation thereto ............................................................... 14

ii
Part V – Issue of shares and securities by Authority .......................................................................................................................... 15

27. Authorized share capital of Authority .......................................................................................................................................... 15

28. Allotment, issue and transfer of Authority’s shares ............................................................................................................... 15

29. Liability of shareholders ................................................................................................................................................................... 16

30. Issue of other securities by Authority ......................................................................................................................................... 16

Part VI – Financial provisions relating to Authority ............................................................................................................................ 16

31. Conduct of financial affairs of Authority .................................................................................................................................... 16

32. Funds of Authority .............................................................................................................................................................................. 16

33. Payment of dividends ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17

34. Investment of moneys not immediately required by Authority ......................................................................................... 17

35. Authority to make certain charges to revenue account ........................................................................................................ 17

36. Establishment and operation of general reserve .................................................................................................................... 18

37. Financial year of Authority .............................................................................................................................................................. 18

38. Accounts of Authority ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18

39. Audit of Authority’s accounts .......................................................................................................................................................... 18

40. Powers of auditors .............................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Part VII – Civil aviation .................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

41. Authority to observe Chicago Convention and other international treaties .................................................................. 19

42. Control of aviation in Zimbabwe vested in Authority ........................................................................................................... 19

43. Air navigation services ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20

44. Safety standards .................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

44A. Civil aviation security programmes ........................................................................................................................................... 20

44B. National Civil Aviation Security Committee ........................................................................................................................... 21

45. Aeronautical information services and publications .............................................................................................................. 22

46. Technical services ............................................................................................................................................................................... 23

47. Meteorological services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Part VIII – Air operators' certification ....................................................................................................................................................... 23

48. Interpretation in Part VIII ................................................................................................................................................................ 23

49. Air operator’s certificate required for operation of air service ........................................................................................... 23

50. Issue or refusal of air operator’s certificate .............................................................................................................................. 24

51. Form, content and duration of air operator’s certificate ...................................................................................................... 24

52. Variation of air operator’s certificate ........................................................................................................................................... 24

53. Cancellation of air operator’s certificate .................................................................................................................................... 25

54. No derogation from other laws re operation of air services .............................................................................................. 25

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Part IX – Investigation of occurrences ..................................................................................................................................................... 26

55. Appointment and functions of Chief Investigator of Accidents and accident investigators ..................................... 26

55A. Expenses of investigation of occurrences ............................................................................................................................... 27

56. Powers of entry, inspection, etc. ................................................................................................................................................... 27

57. Authority to provide assistance to inspectors .......................................................................................................................... 28

58. Boards of inquiry into occurrences and other matters ......................................................................................................... 28

59. Obstruction of inspectors ................................................................................................................................................................. 29

59A. Aviation safety surcharge .............................................................................................................................................................. 29

Part X – Aerodromes ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

60. Interpretation in Part X .................................................................................................................................................................... 29

61. Authority may establish and maintain aerodromes ............................................................................................................... 30

62. Acquisition of land for purposes of aerodromes ..................................................................................................................... 30

63. Controls over use of land and water in vicinity of aerodromes ........................................................................................ 30

64. Powers to enter land and take materials for purposes of aerodromes ........................................................................... 31

65. Reservation of aerodrome materials ............................................................................................................................................ 32

66. Customs, immigration and health facilities at aerodromes ................................................................................................ 33

67. Security at aerodromes ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33

68. Offences at aerodromes ................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Part XI – General .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 34

69. Effect of Chicago Convention ......................................................................................................................................................... 34

69A. Powers of entry, inspection, etc. by safety and security oversight inspectors ............................................................ 34

70. Liability for trespass or nuisance, and responsibility for damage .................................................................................... 35

71. Conveyance of mail by air ............................................................................................................................................................... 35

72. Patent claims against aircraft not protected under Chicago Convention ....................................................................... 36

73. Exemption from seizure of certain aircraft on patent claims ............................................................................................. 36

74. Detention of aircraft for certain offences or upon non-payment of certain dues ....................................................... 36

75. Restriction on use of “approved” in connection with flying schools ................................................................................ 37

76. Dangerous flying ................................................................................................................................................................................. 37

77. Territorial jurisdiction of courts ..................................................................................................................................................... 38

78. Appeals .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

79. Regulations ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 38

80. Exemption from regulations ........................................................................................................................................................... 41

Part XII – Formation, etc., of Airports Company of Zimbabwe (Private) Limited ...................................................................... 41

81. Interpretation in Part XII ................................................................................................................................................................. 41

82. Formation and objects of Airports Company ............................................................................................................................ 41

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 83. Board of Airports Company ............................................................................................................................................................. 42

84. Transfer of certain assets, obligations, etc., of Authority to Airports Company, and valuation thereof ................ 43

85. Employees of Airports Company ................................................................................................................................................... 43

86. Authorised share capital of Airports Company ........................................................................................................................ 44

87. Sharing of certain revenues between Airports Company and Authority, etc. ................................................................ 44

88. Issue of securities in consideration for transfer of assets ................................................................................................... 45

89. Assumption of debts; conversion of loans transferred to Airports Company ................................................................ 45

90. Minister may give directions to Authority ................................................................................................................................. 46

91. Airports Company deemed to be licensed ................................................................................................................................ 46

Schedule (Section 6) ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 46

v
Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

Civil Aviation Act

Chapter 13:16
Published in Government Gazette

Commenced on 1 January 1999

[This is the version of this document from 20 July 2018.]

[Note: This version of the Act was revised and consolidated by the Law Development
Commission of Zimbabwe. This version is up-to-date as at 31st December 2016.]

[Amended by Civil Aviation Amendment Act, 2018 (Act 10 of 2018) on 20 July 2018]

[Act 7/1998, 22/2001 (s. 4), 5/2011 (s. 7)]

AN ACT to establish the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe and to provide for its functions; to provide
for the appointment and functions of a board of the Authority; to make provision for the control,
regulation and orderly development of aviation within Zimbabwe; and to provide for matters connected
with or incidental to the foregoing.

Part I – Preliminary

1. Short title and date of commencement

This Act may be cited as the Civil Aviation Act [Chapter 13:16].

2. Interpretation
In this Act—

“accident” means any fortuitous or unexpected event by which the safety of an aircraft or any person in or
on an aircraft is threatened;

“aerodrome” means an area of land or water that is designed, equipped, set apart or commonly used for
affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft. and includes—

(a) any buildings in the area; and

(b) any area, whether on the ground, on the roof of a building or elsewhere, which is designed,
equipped or set apart for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft capable of
descending or climbing vertically;

“aircraft” includes—

(a) all flying machines, aeroplanes, sea-planes, flying boats, helicopters, gliders and other aircraft
designed to be heavier than air; and

(b) all airships, balloons and other aircraft designed to be lighter than air;

"air navigation" means the science and technology of determining the position of an aircraft with respect
to the surface of the earth and accurately maintaining a desired course;

[definition of "air navigation" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

"air navigation facility" means any facility used in, available for use in, or designed for use in aid of,
air navigation, including airports, landing areas, lights, any apparatus or equipment for disseminating
weather information, for signalling, for radio directional finding, or for radio or other electromagnetic

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

communication, and any other structure or mechanism having a similar purpose for guiding or controlling
flight in the air or the landing and take-off of aircraft;

[definition of "air navigation facility" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

"air operator" means any organisation which undertakes to engage in domestic commercial air transport
or international commercial air transport, whether directly or indirectly or by a lease or any other
arrangement;

[definition of "air operator" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

"air transport" means any aspect of civil aviation concerned with the commercial and non-commercial
transport of persons and goods by air;

[definition of "air transport" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

“Annex” means an Annex to the Chicago Convention or an amendment of such an annex, adopted in
accordance with that Convention;

“Authority” means the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe established by section four and, in relation
to any function exercisable by the Authority by or in terms of this Act, includes an employee of the
Authority or other person generally or specially authorized by the Board to exercise that function;

"authorised person" means an officer designated in terms of section 26(3)(b);

[definition of "authorised person" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

“authorized person”, in relation to any act or function, means a person authorized by the Minister, or by
a person designated by the Minister, to do the act or exercise the function;

"aviation safety surcharge" means the surcharge levied in terms of section 59A;

[definition of "aviation safety surcharge" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

“Board” means the Board of the Authority constituted in terms of section ten;

“Chicago Convention” means—

(a) the Convention on International Civil Aviation done at Chicago on the 7th December, 1944; and

(b) the Protocols amending that Convention; and

(c) the Annexes to that Convention relating to international standards and recommended practices,
adopted in accordance with that Convention;

"Chief Investigator of Accidents" means the person appointed as such in terms of section 55;

[definition of "Chief Investigator of Accidents" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

"civil aviation" means the non-military use of aircraft;

[definition of "civil aviation" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

"civil aviation industry" means all persons in Zimbabwe who are engaged in the business of commercial
air transport and associated services;

[definition of "civil aviation industry" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

“committee” means a committee of the Board;

"Director-General" means the Director-General of the Authority appointed in terms of section 24;

[definition of "Director-General" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

“General Manager” [definition of "General Manager" repealed by section 2(b) of Act 10 of 2018]

“International Civil Aviation Organization” means the International Civil Aviation Organization
formed by the Chicago Convention;

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

"investigator" means an accident investigator so designated in terms of section 55;

[definition of "investigator" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

“locally registered aircraft” means an aircraft registered in Zimbabwe;

“member” means a member of the Board, including the chairman and deputy chairman of the Board;

“Minister” means the Minister of Transport and Energy or any other Minister to whom the President may,
from time to time, assign the administration of this Act;

"National Civil Aviation Security Committee" means the Committee established in terms of section
44B;

[definition of "National Civil Aviation Security Committee" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

“occurrence” means any incident involving an aircraft as a result of which—

(a) a person is killed or injured; or

(b) any property is damaged or destroyed; or

(c) the safety of any person or property is threatened; and includes an accident;

“owner”, in relation to an aircraft or aerodrome, includes—

(a) the person in whose name the aircraft or aerodrome is registered; and

(b) any person who is acting as agent in Zimbabwe for the person in whose name the aircraft or
aerodrome is registered, where that latter person is outside Zimbabwe; and

(c) any person by whom the aircraft or aerodrome is hired for the time being;

"safety and security oversight inspector" or "inspector" means an employee of the Authority appointed
in terms of section 26;

[definition of "safety and security oversight inspector", previously "inspector" substituted by section 2(c) of Act 10
of 2018]

“security”, in relation to the Authority, includes a share, debenture, bond or other security issued by the
Authority, whether or not it constitutes a charge on the Authority’s assets.

"security programmes" means an integrated set of regulations and activities performed by the State
aimed at improving safety and efficient delivery of aviation services;

[definition of "security programmes" inserted by section 2(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

3. Application of Act and Chicago Convention

(1) Subject to any regulations made in terms of section seventy-nine, this Act and the Chicago
Convention shall apply to—

(a) all aircraft whilst in or over Zimbabwe; and

(b) all locally registered aircraft and personnel wherever they may be.

(2) For the purpose of paragraph (b) of subsection (1), the personnel of an aircraft include the
commander or other person in charge of the aircraft and all members of its crew.

(3) Such provisions of this Act as may be prescribed shall not apply to—

(a) aircraft or aerodromes belonging to, or for the time being used exclusively by, the Defence
Forces; or

(b) aircraft belonging to or in the service of any foreign government, whilst use exclusively for
military purposes.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

Part II – Establishment, objects and functions

of Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe

4. Establishment of Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe

There is hereby established an authority, to be known as the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe, which
shall be a body corporate capable of suing and being sued in its own name and, subject to this Act, of
performing all acts that bodies corporate may by law perform.

5. Objects of Authority
The objects of the Authority are—

(a) to promote and regulate civil aviation safety and security and provide related training; and

(b) to develop air transport; and

(c) to establish and maintain air navigation facilities and provide air navigation services and related
training; and

(d) to foster the development of the civil aviation industry and oversee its activities; and

(e) to ensure compliance with this Act and the Chicago Convention and discharge in accordance with
best practices and maximum efficiency the regulatory function assigned to it by this Act; and

(f) to provide advice to Government on all matters related to domestic and international civil aviation.

[section 5 substituted by section 3 of Act 10 of 2018]

6. Functions of Authority
(1) Subject to this Act, the functions of the Authority shall be—

(a) to control and regulate the operation of aircraft in and over Zimbabwe;

(b) to provide air navigation services, including air traffic control, in Zimbabwean airspace
and in any areas outside Zimbabwe for which the Authority, pursuant to international
arrangements, is responsible for providing such services;

(c) to provide aviation meteorological services in relation to Zimbabwe;

(d) to provide aeronautical information services with respect to aerodromes, air traffic control
and facilities, meteorological services, hazards to air navigation and such other matters
relating to air traffic as may be prescribed or as the Authority may consider appropriate;

(e) to ensure the maintenance of safety standards prescribed by or under this Act in relation to
personnel, aircraft and aerodromes;

(f) to provide technical services to the Government or any other person for the design,
installation, maintenance and modification of electronic, radio and other equipment used in
the provision of air navigation and communication services;

(g) to investigate the circumstances surrounding all accidents involving aircraft and, where
appropriate, to take such measures as are necessary to prevent their recurrence;

(h) subject to this Act, to establish, develop, operate and own aerodromes in Zimbabwe;

[paragraph (h) substituted by section 4 of Act 10 of 2018]

(i) to exercise the functions conferred upon it in terms of this Act in relation to—

(i) the registration of aircraft; and

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(ii) aviation security; and

(iii) search and rescue services provided in relation to aircraft and aviation; and

(iv) fire-fighting services provided at aerodromes; and

(v) the training and licensing of persons engaged in the inspection, supervision, repair,
overhaul, maintenance, operation and use of aircraft; and

(vi) the design and construction of aircraft;

(vii) the licensing of aerodromes;

(j) to exercise any other function that may be conferred or imposed on the Authority by or in
terms of this Act or any other enactment.

(2) For the better exercise of its functions the Authority shall have power, subject to this Act, to do or
cause to be done, either by itself or through its agents, all or any of the things specified in the First
Schedule, either absolutely or conditionally and either solely or jointly with others.

7. Policy directions as to exercise of Authority’s functions

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Minister may give the Board such directions of a general
character relating to the policy which the Authority is to observe in the exercise of its functions, as
the Minister considers to be requisite in the national interest.

(2) Before giving the Board a direction in terms of subsection (1), the Minister shall inform the Board,
in writing, of the proposed direction and the Board shall, within thirty days or such further period
as the Minister may allow, submit to the Minister, in writing, its views on the proposal and the
possible effects which the proposal may have on the finances and other resources of the Authority.

(3) Where the Board maintains, in views submitted to the Minister in terms of subsection (2), that a
proposed direction will have a material effect on the Authority’s finances, the Minister shall not
proceed to give the Board the direction until he has consulted the Minister responsible for finance.

(4) The Board shall, with all due expedition, comply with any direction given to it in terms of
subsection (1).

(5) When any direction has been given to the Board in terms of subsection (1), the Board shall ensure
that the direction and any views it has expressed thereon in terms of subsection (2) are set out in
the Authority’s annual report.

8. Execution of contracts and instruments by Authority

An agreement, contract or instrument approved by the Board may be entered into or executed on the
Authority’s behalf by any person generally or specially authorized by the Board for that purpose.

9. Reports, plans and programmes of Authority

(1) In addition to any annual report which the Authority may be required to submit to the Minister
in terms of the Audit and Exchequer Act [Chapter 22:03], the Board shall submit to the Minister as
soon as possible after the end of each financial year a report which shall contain—

(a) a business plan for the next five years, setting out—

(i) a description of any substantial new scheme or project for the development of any
undertaking of the Authority, and a progress report on any existing such scheme or
project; and

(ii) the fees and charges proposed to be levied in the ensuing financial year for each
separate activity carried on or service provided by the Authority; and

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(iii) the estimated costs of carrying on or operating each type of activity or service in the
ensuing financial year; and

(iv) a summary of the Authority’s operational and financial performance in the previous
financial year, indicating the extent to which the business plan for that year was
adhered to and the reasons for any significant deviation from it; and

(v) the financial results for the previous financial year; and

(vi) any circumstances that may significantly affect the performance of the Authority in
the period covered by the business plan; and

(vii) criteria by which the Authority’s performance in implementing the plan may be
assessed; and

(viii) any other information that the Minister may require to be included in the plan or that
the Board may wish to include in it; and

(b) an investment programme for the next five years, setting out—

(i) a brief technical description of the programme; and

(ii) where applicable, the current project status of each aspect of the programme; and

(iii) the manner in which each aspect of the programme is to be implemented, in

particular with regard to the resources needed for its implementation and its co-
ordination with any other project or proposal; and

(iv) the manner in which the programme affects the business plan; and

(v) an estimate of the cost of each aspect of the programme, specifying the foreign
currency, if any, needed to implement it; and

(vi) the period within which each aspect of the programme is to be completed; and

(vii) the economic and other benefits that are anticipated from the programme; and

(viii) where possible, criteria by which the Authority’s performance in implementing the
programme may be assessed; and

(ix) any other information that the Minister may require to be included in the programme
or that the Board may wish to include in it.

(2) In addition to the reports referred to in subsection (1), the Board—

(a) shall submit to the Minister any other report, and provide him with any other information,
that he may require in regard to the operations, undertakings and property of the Authority;
and

(b) may submit to the Minister any other reports that the Board considers desirable.

(3) The Minister—

(a) shall lay before Parliament every annual report submitted to him by the Board in terms of
subsection (1); and

(b) may lay before Parliament any report submitted to him by the Board in terms of subsection
(2).

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

Part III – Board of Authority

10. Board of Authority

(1) Subject to this Act, the operations of the Authority shall be controlled by a board consisting of not
fewer than five and not more than seven members appointed by the Minister after consultation with
the President and subject to such directions as the President may give him.

(2) Members shall be appointed for their knowledge of and ability and experience in aviation or finance
or for their suitability otherwise for appointment as members.

(3) At least one member shall be appointed for his knowledge of law, in particular the law relating to
aviation.

(4) In appointing the members of the Board, the Minister shall endeavour to secure that at least half
the appointed members are women.

[subsection (4) added by section 5 of Act 10 of 2018]

11. Disqualifications for appointment to Board

(1) The Minister shall not appoint a person as a member, and no person shall be qualified to hold office
as a member, if—

(a) he is neither a citizen of Zimbabwe nor ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe; or

(b) in terms of a law in force in any country—

(i) he has been adjudged or otherwise declared insolvent or bankrupt and has not been
rehabilitated or discharged;

or

(ii) he has made an assignment to, or arrangement or composition with, his creditors
which has not been rescinded or set aside; or

(c) within the period of five years immediately preceding the date of his proposed appointment,
he has been convicted—

(i) in Zimbabwe, of an offence involving dishonesty; or

(ii) outside Zimbabwe, of conduct which, if committed in Zimbabwe, would have

constituted an offence involving dishonesty.

(2) A person who is—

(a) a member of Parliament; or

(b) a member of two or more other statutory bodies;

(c) the holder of a public office;

[paragraph (c) added by section 6(a) of Act 10 of 2018]

shall not be qualified for appointment as a member, nor shall he hold office as a member.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of subsection (2)—

(a) a person who is appointed to a council, board or other authority which is a statutory body
or which is responsible for the administration of the affairs of a statutory body shall be
regarded as a member of that statutory body;

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(b) “statutory body” means—

(i) any commission established by the Constitution; or

(ii) any body corporate established directly by or under an Act for special purposes
specified in that Act, the membership of which consists wholly or mainly of persons
appointed by the President, a Vice-President, a Minister or any other statutory body
or by a Commission established by the Constitution.

(c) "public office" means—

(i) the office of a member of the Cabinet; or

(ii) a paid office in the service of the State, a statutory body or a local authority; or

(iii) the office of a judge or magistrate or other person presiding over a court or tribunal.

[paragraph (c) added by section 6(b) of Act 10 of 2018]

12. Terms and conditions of office of members

(1) Subject to this Part, a member shall hold office for such period, not exceeding five years, as the
Minister may fix on his appointment, and upon the expiry of his term of office he shall be eligible
for re-appointment as a member.

(2) On the expiry of the period for which a member has been appointed, he shall continue to hold office
until he has been re-appointed or his successor has been appointed:

Provided that a member shall not continue to hold office under this subsection for more than six
months.

(3) Subject to this Part, a member shall hold office on such terms and conditions as the Minister may
fix for members generally.

13. Vacation of office by members

A member shall vacate his office and his office shall become vacant—

(a) one month after the date on which he gives notice to the Minister of his intention to resign, or after
the expiry of such other period of notice as he and the Minister may agree; or

(b) if he ceases to be a citizen of Zimbabwe or ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe; or

(c) on the date he begins to serve a sentence of imprisonment imposed in Zimbabwe or in any other
country; or

(d) if he becomes disqualified in terms of paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (2) of section eleven to hold
office as a member; or

(e) if he is required in terms of section fourteen to vacate his office.

14. Minister may require member to vacate his office or may suspend him
(1) The Minister may require a member to vacate his office if the member—

(a) has been guilty of improper conduct as a member or guilty of conduct that is prejudicial to
the interests or reputation of the Authority; or

(b) has failed to comply with any condition of his office fixed by the Minister in terms of
subsection (3) of section twelve; or

(c) is mentally or physically incapable of efficiently exercising his functions as a member.

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(2) The Minister, on the recommendation of the Board, may require a member to vacate his office if
the Minister is satisfied that the member has been absent without the permission of the Board from
three consecutive meetings of the Board, of which the member was given not less than seven days’
notice, and that there was no just cause for the member’s absence.

(3) The Minister may—

(a) suspend from office a member against whom criminal proceedings have been instituted in
respect of an offence for which a sentence of imprisonment without the option of a fine may
be imposed; and

(b) shall suspend from office a member who has been sentenced by a court to imprisonment
without the option of a fine, whether or not any portion has been suspended, pending
determination of the question whether the member is to vacate his office;

and while the member is so suspended he shall not exercise any functions or be entitled to any
remuneration as a member.

15. Dismissal of Board

(1) Subject to subsection (2), if the Minister considers that—

(a) the Board has contravened this Act or any other law and has failed to rectify the
contravention within a reasonable time after being required to do so by the Minister; or

(b) the Board has failed to comply with a direction in terms of section seven; or

(c) whether through disagreements amongst its members or otherwise, the Board is unable to
control the operations of the Authority;

and that it is in the national interest to do so, the Minister may, by written notice to the Chairman
of the Board and the General Manager, dismiss all the members of the Board, and their offices shall
become vacant as soon as the General Manager receives the notice.

(2) Before dismissing all the members of the Board in terms of subsection (1), the Minister shall consult
the President and act in accordance with any directions the President may give him.

(3) A member who has been dismissed in terms of subsection (1) shall be eligible for re-appointment.

16. Filling of vacancies on Board

(1) On the death of, or the vacation of office by, a member, the Minister may, subject to this Part,
appoint a person to fill the vacancy:

Provided that, if as a result of the vacancy the number of members is fewer than the minimum
specified in subsection (1) of section ten, the Minister shall appoint a person to fill the vacancy
within one month after being notified of it by the chairman of the Board.

[subsection (1) amended by section 7 of Act 10 of 2018]

(2) Within one month after dismissing all the members of the Board in terms of section fifteen, the
Minister shall, subject to this Part, appoint a new Board.

17. Chairman and vice-chairman of Board

(1) Subject to subsection (3), the Minister shall appoint one of the members to be chairman of the
Board.

(2) Within one month after the office of chairman of the Board falls vacant, the Minister shall, subject
to subsection (3), appoint a member to fill the vacancy.

[subsection (2) amended by section 8 of Act 10 of 2018]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(3) The Minister shall appoint a chairman in terms of subsection (1) or (2) after consultation with the
President and in accordance with any directions the President may give him.

(4) At its first meeting the Board shall elect from amongst its members a vice-chairman, who shall hold
office at the pleasure of the Board.

(5) Whenever the office of vice-chairman of the Board falls vacant, the Board shall as soon as possible
elect one of its members to fill the vacancy.

(6) The vice-chairman of the Board shall perform the functions of the chairman whenever the chairman
is unable to do so.

18. Meetings and procedure of Board

(1) The Board shall hold its first meeting on a date and place fixed by the Minister, and thereafter
shall meet for the dispatch of business and adjourn, close and otherwise regulate its meetings and
procedure as it thinks fit:

Provided that the Board shall meet at least six times in each financial year.

(2) The chairman of the Board—

(a) may convene a special meeting of the Board at any time; and

(b) shall convene a special meeting of the Board on the written request of the Minister or not
fewer than two members, which meeting shall he convened for a date not sooner than seven
days and not later than thirty days after the chairman’s receipt of the request.

(3) Written notice of a special meeting convened in terms of subsection (2) shall be sent to each
member not later than forty-eight hours before the meeting and shall specify the business for which
the meeting has been convened.

(4) No business shall be discussed at a special meeting convened in terms of subsection (2) other than
—

(a) such business as may be determined by the chairman of the Board, where he convened the
meeting in terms of paragraph (a) of subsection (2); or

(b) the business specified in the request for the meeting, where the chairman of the Board
convened the meeting in terms of paragraph (b) of subsection (2).

(5) The chairman of the Board or, in his absence, the vice-chairman shall preside at all meetings of the
Board:

Provided that, if the chairman and vice-chairman are both absent from any meeting of the Board,
the members present may elect one of their number to preside at that meeting as chairman.

(6) Three members shall form a quorum at any meeting of the Board.

(7) Subject to subsection (11), anything authorized or required to be done by the Board may be decided
by a majority vote at any meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present.

(8) With the Board’s approval, the chairman of the Board may invite any person to attend a meeting of
the Board or of a committee, where the chairman considers that the person has special knowledge
or experience in any matter to be considered by the Board or the committee, as the case may be, at
that meeting.

(9) A person invited to attend a meeting of the Board or of a committee in terms of subsection (8) may
take part in the proceedings of the Board or the committee as if he were a member thereof, but shall
not have a vote on any question before the Board or committee, as the case may be.

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(10) Subject to section twenty, at all meetings of the Board each member present shall have one vote on
any question before the Board and, in the event of an equality of votes, the person presiding at the
meeting shall have a casting vote in addition to a deliberative vote.

(11) Any proposal circulated among all members and agreed to in writing by a majority of them shall
have the same effect as a resolution passed by a duly constituted meeting of the Board and shall be
incorporated into the minutes of the next succeeding meeting of the Board:

Provided that, if a member requires that such a proposal be placed before a meeting of the Board,
this subsection shall not apply to the proposal.

19. Committees of Board

(1) For the better exercise of its functions, the Board may establish one or more committees in which
the Board may vest such of its functions as it considers appropriate:

Provided that the vesting of any function in a committee shall not divest the Board of that function,
and the Board may amend or rescind any decision of the committee in the exercise of that function.

(2) On the establishment of a committee in terms of subsection (1), the Board—

(a) shall appoint at least one member of the Board as a member of the committee, and that
member or one of those members, as the case may be, shall be chairman of the committee;
and

(b) may appoint as members of the committee, on such terms and conditions as the Board may
fix, persons who are not members of the Board.

(3) Meetings of a committee may be convened at any time and at any place by the chairman of the
Board or the chairman of the committee.

(4) Subject to subsection (3) and to sections twenty and twenty-two, the procedure to be followed at
any meeting of a committee and the quorum at any such meeting, shall be as fixed by the Board.

20. Members of Board and committees to disclose connection with companies and firms
dealing with Authority
(1) If a member of the Board or of a committee, or a spouse of such a member—

(a) tenders for or acquires or holds a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a contract with the
Authority; or

(b) knowingly acquires or holds a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a company or

association of persons applying or negotiating for a contract with the Authority; or

(c) owns immovable property or a right in immovable property or a direct or indirect pecuniary
interest in a company or association of persons which results in his private interests coming
or appearing to come into conflict with his functions as a member of the Board or of the
committee, as the case may be;

the member shall forthwith disclose the fact to the Board or the committee, as the case may be.

(2) A member referred to in subsection (1) shall take no part in the consideration or discussion of, or
vote on, any question before the Board or the committee, as the case may be, which relates to any
contract, right, immovable property or interest referred to in that subsection.

(3) A member or the Board or a committee who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an
offence and liable—

(a) if he or she obtained a consideration, advantage or benefit as a result of the contravention,

to a fine not exceeding level fourteen or twice the value of the consideration, advantage or

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

benefit, whichever is the grater amount, or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding ten
years or to both such fine and such imprisonment; or

(b) to a fine not exceeding level fourteen or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding five
years or to both such fine and such imprisonment, if he or she did not or it is not established
that he or she obtained a consideration, advantage or benefit as a result or a contravention.

[subsection (3) amended by Act 22 of 2001 and substituted by section 9 of Act 10 of 2018]

21. Remuneration and allowances of members of Board and committees

Every member of the Board or of a committee shall be paid from the funds of the Authority—

(a) such remuneration, if any, as the Minister may fix for members of the Board or of committees, as
the case may be, generally; and

(b) such allowances as the Minister may fix to meet any reasonable expenses incurred by the member in
connection with the business of the Authority or the committee, as the case may be.

22. Minutes of proceedings of Board and committees

(1) The Board shall cause minutes of all proceedings of and decisions taken at every meeting of the
Board and of every committee to be entered in books kept for the purpose.

(2) Any minutes referred to in subsection (1) which purport to be signed by one person presiding at the
meeting to which the minutes relate or by the person presiding at the next following meeting of the
Board or the committee concerned, as the case may be, shall be accepted for all purposes as prima
facie evidence of the proceedings and decisions taken at the meeting concerned.

23. Validity of decisions and acts of Board and committees

No decision or act of the Board or a committee or act that is authorized by the Board or a committee shall
be invalid solely because there was a vacancy in the membership of the Board or the committee or because
a disqualified person purported to act as a member of the Board or the committee, as the case may be, at
the time the decision was taken or the act was done or authorized.

Part IV – Staff of Authority

24. Director-General of Authority

(1) Subject to this Act, the Board, after consultation with the Minister, shall appoint, on such terms and
conditions as the Board may fix, a person to be the Director-General of the Authority.

(2) When appointing the Director-General the Board—

(a) must appoint someone who is—

(i) a citizen of Zimbabwe who is ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe; and

(ii) of good moral character and proved integrity; and

(iii) in its opinion, suitable and competent to undertake the efficient discharge of the
Director-General's functions under this Act;

and

(b) shall take into consideration the following factors (which factors must not, however, override
the suitability and competence criterion referred to in paragraph (a)(iii)—

(i) the person's professional and technical qualifications and experience in the field of
civil aviation;

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(ii) the person's management qualifications and experience, preferably in the field of civil
aviation;

and

(c) shall not appoint someone who is employed or retained by, or receives any form of
allowance, benefit or remuneration from, any aviation or aeronautical enterprise, unless
such person discloses this fact to the Board and satisfies the Board that he or she will
cease to be employed or retained by, or cease to receive any form of allowance, benefit or
remuneration from, the enterprise on or before appointment as Director-General; and

(d) shall not appoint someone who owns, owns securities in or has any material interest in any
aviation or aeronautical enterprise, unless such person discloses this fact to the Board and
explains to the satisfaction of Board how—

(i) he or she proposes to dispose of such ownership interest, securities or other interest
on, before or as soon as reasonably possible after appointment as Director-General; or

(ii) he or she will so arrange his or her affairs so as to ensure that the holding of the
securities or interest in question will not cause any conflict with his or her duties as
the Director-General.

(3) The appointment of the Director-General shall terminate if—

(a) he or she would be required in terms of section 13(1)(c), (d) or (e) to vacate his or her office
had that section, and section 11(2)(a) or (b) applied to him or her; or

(b) without the prior written approval of the Board, given after consultation with the Minister—

(i) he or she acquires any securities or other material interest in any aviation or
aeronautical enterprise; or

(ii) he or she breaches any arrangement referred to in subsection (2)(d)(ii) that was made
to avoid the conflict of interest there referred to;

or

(c) he or she acquires ownership of, or becomes employed in any capacity or is retained by, or
receives any form of allowance, benefit or remuneration from, any aviation or aeronautical
enterprise.

(4) Subject to any other law governing the terms of office of heads of public entities, the term of office
of the Director-General shall be five years, which may be renewed for one more term only.

[section 24 substituted by section 10 of Act 10 of 2018]

24A. Duties of Director-General

(1) Subject to this Act, the Director-General shall—

(a) on behalf of the Board, ensure that the functions of the Authority referred to in section 6 are
performed or exercised; and

(b) be the head of the Authority's administration and manage its affairs, in which capacity he or
she is responsible for—

(i) the appointment, deployment, organisation, direction and discipline of the staff of the
Authority;

(ii) the formation and development of an efficient administration for the Authority;

(iii) the establishment and maintenance of a register of inspectors, authorised officers and
authorised p zcxcrsons;

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(iv) the implementation and enforcement of international best standards and practices in
the sphere of civil aviation;

and

(c) establish and maintain a school and other training facilities for the purpose of offering
instruction and training in skills related to the aviation industry; and

(d) submit to the Board an annual report concerning the activities of the Authority, with
particular emphasis on accident investigation and prevention; and

(e) perform such functions as the Board may assign to him or her:

Provided that such assignment of functions by the Board—

(i) may be made generally or specially and subject to such conditions, restrictions,
reservations and exceptions as the Board may determine;

(ii) may be revoked by the Board at any time;

(iii) shall not preclude the Board itself from exercising the functions.

(f) do any other thing as by or under this Act the Director-General may be required to do.

[section 24A inserted by section 10 of Act 10 of 2018]

24B. Powers of Director-General

(1) In addition to the powers vested in him or her by or under this Act, the Director-General shall have
such powers as are reasonably necessary to enable him or her to perform his or her statutory duties,
or that are incidental to the performance thereof.

(2) The Director-General issues on behalf of the Authority, and in the prescribed manner, all licences,
permits, certificates, restrictions and registrations that are required to be issued by or under this
Act.

(3) In furtherance of the objects referred to in section 5, the Director-General shall, when performing
his or her duties or exercising his or her powers, endeavour to consult interested persons engaged
in civil aviation or the civil aviation industry.

[section 24B inserted by section 10 of Act 10 of 2018]

25. Secretary of Authority

(1) Subject to this Act, the Board shall appoint, on such terms and conditions as the Board may fix, a
person to be the Secretary of the Authority.

(2) Subject to the General Manager’s directions, the Secretary shall be responsible for—

(a) taking minutes of the proceedings and decisions of the Board and its committees; and

(b) keeping the records of the Authority; and

(c) performing any other function that may be assigned to him by the Board.

26. Other staff of Authority and powers of Director-General in relation thereto

(1) Subject to any other law, the Authority shall employ, on such terms and conditions as the Board
may fix, such persons as the Board considers necessary for conducting the Authority's operations,
and may promote, suspend or discharge any such employee:

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(2) Pursuant to subsection (1) the Board shall fix, review and amend the staff establishment of the
Authority, and the Director-General shall employ the persons needed to fill posts and vacancies in
the establishment and promote persons to any post in that establishment:

Provided that—

(a) the Board shall obtain the Minister's approval before establishing any post of such class or
grade as the Minister, by written notice to the Board, may designate; and

(b) the Director-General shall obtain the Board's approval before appointing or promoting any
person to a post of such class or grade as the Board, by written directive to the Director-
General, may designate.

(3) With the approval of the Board, the Director-General may designate any—

(a) employee of the Authority as a safety and security oversight inspector or authorised officer;

(b) person who is not an employee of the Authority as a safety and security oversight inspector
or authorised officer.

(4) The qualifications and duties of persons designated under subsection (1) shall be as prescribed.

[section 26 substituted by section 11 of Act 10 of 2018]

Part V – Issue of shares and securities by Authority

27. Authorized share capital of Authority

(1) The authorized share capital of the Authority shall be such number of shares of such value as the
Board may fix by resolution with the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for
finance.

(2) With the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance, the Board may by
resolution increase the Authority’s authorized share capital.

(3) Where the Board has fixed or increased the Authority’s authorized share capital in terms of this
section, the Minister shall cause notice thereof to be published in the Gazette.

28. Allotment, issue and transfer of Authority’s shares

(1) The Board shall allot to the State such number of the Authority’s shares, subject to such terms and
conditions, as the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance may determine in consultation
with the Board.

(2) The remainder of the Authority’s shares may be issued to the State and additionally, or
alternatively, to persons other than the State in such circumstances and subject to such terms and
conditions as may be determined by the Board with the approval of the Minister and the Minister
responsible for finance.

(3) Terms and conditions under which the Authority’s shares are allotted or issued to the State may
include terms and conditions—

(a) for payment to be made out of moneys appropriated for the purpose by Act of Parliament; or

(b) for the value of all or any of the shares to be set off against loans previously granted to the
Authority by the State; or

(c) for all or any of the shares to be allotted or issued in consideration for—

(i) the transfer of any property from the State to the Authority; or

(ii) the writing off of loans previously granted to the Authority by the State; or

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(iii) capital grants previously made to the Authority by the State.

(4) The Authority’s shares may be transferred by the holders subject to such terms and conditions as
may be prescribed or as may be determined by the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance
in consultation with the Board:

Provided that no fresh restrictions shall be imposed on the transferability of any share while it is
held by a person other than the State.

29. Liability of shareholders

The liability of the holder of a share issued by the Authority shall be limited to the amount, if any, unpaid
on the share.

30. Issue of other securities by Authority

(1) The Authority may issue securities other than shares, which may be taken up in such circumstances
and under such terms and conditions as the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance may
determine.

(2) Securities issued by the Authority in terms of subsection (1) and taken up by the State shall be
paid for out of moneys appropriated for the purpose by Act of Parliament, unless the securities are
issued in consideration for a loan granted by the State to the Authority.

(3) Securities issued by the Authority in terms of subsection (1) may be transferred subject to such
terms and conditions as may be determined by the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance
in consultation with the Board:

Provided that no fresh restrictions shall be imposed on the transferability of any security while it is
held by a person other than the State.

Part VI – Financial provisions relating to Authority

31. Conduct of financial affairs of Authority

It shall be the object of the Authority so to exercise its functions and conduct its operations as to ensure
that in each financial year its income is sufficient, taking one year with another—

(a) to meet the expenditure which is properly chargeable to revenue in that year; and

(b) to enable the Authority to make provision for any taxes, duties or rates for which it is liable; and

(c) to permit the redemption on due date of the Authority’s debentures and other loan capital; and

(d) to enable the Authority to make such appropriations to its general reserve in terms of section
thirty-six as may be necessary or desirable; and

(e) to permit the payments referred to in section thirty-three;

and in general the Authority shall conduct its operations on sound commercial lines.

32. Funds of Authority

(1) The funds of the Authority shall consist of—

(a) fees, levies and charges payable to the Authority for registrations effected, licences, permits
or certificates issued, services rendered or anything else done by it under this Act; and

(b) the aviation safety surcharge levied in terms of section 59A; and

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(c) such moneys as may be payable to the Authority from moneys appropriated for the purpose
by Act of Parliament; and

(d) grants and loans from the Government; and

(e) any other moneys than those referred to in paragraph (d) that the Authority may obtain, with
the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance, by way of grants and
donations; and

(f) any other moneys that may vest in or accrue to the Authority, whether in terms of this Act or
otherwise.

(2) The Authority shall keep the following separate accounts, namely—

(a) the Accidents and Occurrences Contingency Account, in respect of moneys accruing to the
Authority from the aviation safety surcharge; and

(b) the General Aviation Account, in respect of income accruing to the Authority from the other
sources mentioned in subsection (1).

(3) Without derogating from the requirements of the Public Debt Management Act [Chapter 22:21]
(No. 5 of 2015), the Authority may, with the approval the Minister given after consultation with the
Minister responsible for finance, raise money by way of loans.

[section 32 substituted by section 12 of Act 10 of 2018]

33. Payment of dividends

Where in a financial year the revenues of the Authority are more than sufficient—

(a) to meet the Authority’s expenditure which is properly chargeable to revenue in that year; and

(b) to enable the Authority to make provision for any taxes, duties or rates for which it is liable; and

(c) to permit the redemption on due date of the Authority’s debentures and other loans; and

(d) to enable the Authority to make such appropriations to its general reserve in terms of section
thirty-six as are necessary or desirable;

the Authority shall pay out of the surplus such dividends to its shareholders as the Board may determine
in relation to that year, subject to the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance.

34. Investment of moneys not immediately required by Authority

Moneys not immediately required by the Authority may be invested in such manner as the Minister, acting
on the advice of the Minister responsible for finance, may approve.

35. Authority to make certain charges to revenue account

(1) The Authority shall charge to its revenue account all charges which, in the normal conduct of
business, are regarded as proper to be charged to revenue account and, in so doing, shall make
proper provision in each financial year for—

(a) the depreciation or diminution in value of its assets; and

(b) the payment of interest on and all other charges and expenses incurred in connection with
its activities.

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(2) In charging to its revenue account all charges which in the normal conduct or business are regarded
as proper to be charged to revenue account as provided in subsection (1), the Board may, in each
financial year, make provision for—

(a) meeting in whole or in part increases in the cost of replacing assets to an extent approved by
the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance; and

(b) making payments to an insurance fund established by the Board to meet, wholly or in part,
such of the Authority’s liabilities as the Minister may approve; and

(c) making payments to a pension fund to meet, wholly or in part, superannuation liabilities of
the Authority.

36. Establishment and operation of general reserve

(1) The Authority shall establish a general reserve to which, subject to this Part, the Board may
appropriate from a surplus of income over expenditure at the end of the Authority’s financial year
such sums as the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance may approve.

(2) Subject to this Part, moneys in the general reserve established in terms of subsection (1) may be
used for such purposes as the Board considers expedient for the proper exercise of the Authority’s
functions, including the development of its assets.

37. Financial year of Authority

The financial year of the Authority shall be the period of twelve months ending on the 31st December in
each year or on such other date as may be prescribed.

38. Accounts of Authority

(1) The Board shall ensure that proper accounts and other records relating to such accounts are kept in
respect of all the Authority’s activities, funds and property, including such particular accounts and
records as the Minister or the Minister responsible for finance may direct.

(2) As soon as possible after the end of each financial year, the Board shall prepare and submit to the
Minister a statement of accounts in respect of that financial year or in respect of such other period
as the Minister may direct.

39. Audit of Authority’s accounts

(1) Subject to the Audit and Exchequer Act [Chapter 22:03], the Authority shall appoint as auditors one
or more persons approved by the Minister who are registered as public auditors under the Public
Accountants and Auditors Act [Chapter 27:12].

(2) The accounts kept by the Authority in terms of subsection (1) of section thirty-eight shall be
examined by the auditors appointed in terms of subsection (1).

(3) The auditors appointed in terms of subsection (1) shall make a report to the Board and to the
Minister on the statement of accounts prepared in terms of subsection (2) of section thirty-eight,
and in their report shall state whether or not in their opinion the statement of accounts gives a true
and fair view of the Authority’s financial affairs.

(4) In addition to the report referred to in subsection (3), the Minister may require the Board to
obtain from the auditors appointed in terms of subsection (1) such other reports, statements or
explanations in connection with the Authority’s activities, funds and property as the Minister may
consider expedient, and the Board shall forthwith comply with any such requirement.

(5) If, in the opinion of the auditors appointed in terms of subsection (1)—

(a) they have not obtained any information or explanation they require; or

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(b) any accounts or records relating to any accounts have not been properly kept by the
Authority; or

(c) the Authority has not complied with any provision of this Part;

the auditors shall include in their report made in terms of subsection (3) or (4), as the case may be,
a statement to that effect.

(6) If in terms of the Audit and Exchequer Act [Chapter 22:03] the Authority’s accounts are required
to be audited by the Comptroller and Auditor-General, any reference in this section to auditors
appointed in terms of subsection (1) shall be construed as a reference to the Comptroller and
Auditor-General.

40. Powers of auditors

(1) An auditor referred to in section thirty-nine shall be entitled at all reasonable times to require
to be produced to him all accounts and other records relating to such accounts which are kept by
the Authority or its agents and to require from any member of the Board or employee or agent of
the Authority such information and explanation as in the auditor’s opinion are necessary for the
purpose of his audit.

(2) Any member of the Board or employee or agent of the Authority who fails without just cause to
comply with a requirement of an auditor in terms of subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and
liable to a fine not exceeding level four or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months
or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

Part VII – Civil aviation

41. Authority to observe Chicago Convention and other international treaties

(1) The Authority shall carry out its functions in a manner consistent with the Chicago Convention
and any other international convention, treaty or agreement relating to civil aviation to which
Zimbabwe is a party.

(2) The Authority shall be responsible for performing the obligations of Zimbabwe under any
agreement between Zimbabwe and any other country or international organization with respect to
the safety, security, regularity and efficiency of air navigation

42. Control of aviation in Zimbabwe vested in Authority

(1) Subject to this Act, no person shall cause an aircraft to—

(a) arrive in Zimbabwe; or

(b) depart from Zimbabwe; or

(c) overfly Zimbabwe;

except with the Authority’s permission and in accordance with any terms and conditions specified
by the Authority.

(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not
exceeding level seven or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year or to both such fine
and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

43. Air navigation services

(1) The Authority shall provide air navigation services in Zimbabwean airspace and for any other area
for which Zimbabwe, pursuant to international arrangements, is responsible for providing air
navigation services.

(2) The Authority shall be responsible for directing and co-ordinating search and rescue services within
the areas referred to in subsection (1).

44. Safety standards

The Authority shall be responsible for—

(a) setting and maintaining safety standards related to personnel, aircraft and aerodromes which meet
international criteria; and

(b) advising the Minister on the enactment of regulations embodying the standards referred to in
paragraph (a); and

(c) ensuring the proper maintenance and enforcement of the standards referred to in paragraph (a).

44A. Civil aviation security programmes

(1) Subject to this Act the Authority shall—

(a) with the approval of the Minister, be responsible for the development of national civil
aviation security policies, strategies and programmes in Zimbabwe; and

(b) with due regard to Zimbabwe's obligations under the Chicago Convention, any other
international convention, treaty or agreement relating to civil aviation to which Zimbabwe is
a party, and to international best standards and practices—

(i) be responsible for the establishment, compilation, revision and publication of

national civil aviation security programmes;

(ii) regulate the security operations of aerodromes, ground handlers, catering operators
and other workers or agents in the civil aviation industry in order to—

(A) protect passengers, crew, aerodrome staff and other users of aerodrome and
aviation facilities;

(B) prevent aerial piracy and other unlawful interference with civil aviation;

(C) ensure that appropriate action is taken when aerial piracy or other acts of
unlawful interference with civil aviation occurs or threatens to occur;

(c) co-ordinate activities under a national civil aviation security programme and other
programmes referred to in paragraph (d);

(d) specifically develop, and ensure the implementation of, the following national programmes—

(i) a national civil aviation security programme, in order to safeguard civil aviation
against acts of aerial piracy and other acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation
through practices and procedures which take into account the safety, regularity and
efficiency of flights; and

(ii) a national civil aviation security training programme, in order to train personnel of
all entities involved with, or who are responsible for, the implementation of various
aspects of the national civil aviation security programme; and

(iii) a national civil aviation security quality control programme, which shall provide
the structure, responsibilities, processes and procedures that promote and establish

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

an environment and culture of continuing improvement and enhancement of civil

aviation security in an effective manner; and

(iv) a national civil aviation screener certification programme.

(2) The national programmes developed under subsection (1) shall be considered by the National Civil
Aviation Security Committee, and the Committee shall recommend to the Minister the approval of
such programmes.

(3) The national programmes developed under subsection (1) shall be reviewed and updated from time
to time as required by changing circumstances.

(4) The National Civil Aviation Security Committee shall ensure that the management, setting of
priorities and organisation of the national civil aviation security quality control programme is
undertaken independently from the entities and persons responsible for the implementation of the
measures taken under that programme.

(5) The Authority shall make available to aerodrome operators and aircraft operators and other
interested persons written copies of the appropriate part of the national civil aviation security
quality control programme that is relevant to them.

[section 44A inserted by section 13 of Act 10 of 2018]

44B. National Civil Aviation Security Committee

(1) The Minister shall establish a National Civil Aviation Security Committee, which shall have the
following mandate—

(a) to define, allocate and co-ordinate tasks in the sphere of civil aviation security—

(i) among and between Ministries, departments, agencies and other organisations; and

(ii) between aerodromes and air operators; and

(iii) among and between entities concerned with, or responsible for the implementation of
various aspects of, the national civil aviation security programme;

(b) to advise the Minister with regard to civil aviation security policy;

(c) to review the effectiveness of civil aviation security measures and procedures and make
appropriate recommendations to the Minister and the Authority.

(2) The National Civil Aviation Security Committee shall consist of—

(a) the Director-General, who shall be the chairperson of the Committee, and in whose absence
a member of the Committee chosen by the membership thereof shall act as chairperson; and

(b) an officer responsible for national air transport facilitation in the Ministry responsible for
civil aviation designated by the Minister; and

(c) an officer of the Authority designated by the Director-General; and

(d) an employee of the company established under section 82 designated by the chief executive
officer of that company; and

(e) a commissioned member of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces designated by the Commander
thereof; and

(f) a member of the Intelligence Services designated by the Director-General thereof; and

(g) a commissioned member of the Zimbabwe Republic Police designated by the Commissioner-
General thereof; and

(h) an officer in the Ministry of foreign affairs designated by the Minister thereof; and

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(i) an immigration officer designated by the Minister responsible for home affairs; and

(j) an officer responsible for customs administration designated by the Commissioner-General

of the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority; and

(k) one or more persons invited by the Director-General from time to time for their knowledge,
qualifications, experience or competence in any matter to be considered by the Committee.

(3) In discharging its mandate the National Civil Aviation Security Committee shall consult interested
persons engaged in civil aviation or the civil aviation industry.

[section 44B inserted by section 13 of Act 10 of 2018]

45. Aeronautical information services and publications

(1) The Authority shall provide aeronautical services, which shall comprise the collection and
dissemination of aeronautical information and instructions with respect to—

(a) aerodromes; and

(b) air traffic control services and facilities; and

(c) communication and air navigation services and facilities; and

(d) meteorological services and facilities; and

(e) search and rescue services and facilities; and

(f) procedures and regulatory requirements connected with air navigation; and

(g) hazards to air navigation; and

(h) differences from standards, recommended practices and procedures set by the International
Civil Aviation Organization; and

(i) units of measurement; and

(j) nationality and registration marks; and

(k) special equipment to be carried on aircraft; and

(l) bird concentrations on or in the vicinity of aerodromes; and

(m) prohibited and restricted airspace and danger areas; and

(n) minimum flight altitudes; and

(o) fees and charges; and

(p) aeronautical charts.

(2) In providing aeronautical information services, the Authority shall publish—

(a) all aeronautical information and instructions which, by or in terms of this Act, are required
to be so published; and

(b) such other aeronautical information and instructions as are of a lasting character essential to
air navigation; and

(c) any other matter which, in the Board’s opinion, will facilitate air traffic.

(3) The Authority shall publish notices to airmen, which shall include—

(a) aeronautical information and instructions which, by or in terms of this Act, are required to
be so published; and

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(b) any other aeronautical information and instructions which are of a temporary character or
which, in the Board’s opinion, should be published in such a notice.

(4) The Authority shall send copies of all publications referred to in subsections (2) and (3) to the
International Civil Aviation Organization.

46. Technical services

The Authority shall be responsible for providing technical services in regard to the design, installation,
maintenance and modification of electronic, radio and other equipment used in the provision of air
navigation and communication services.

47. Meteorological services

(1) The Authority shall be responsible for providing aviation meteorological services in Zimbabwe.

(2) The Authority shall ensure that information concerning weather conditions is provided to all
aircraft in Zimbabwean airspace in a timely and orderly fashion.

(3) The Minister shall ensure that the State provides meteorological information to the Authority on
terms and conditions agreed between the State and the Authority.

Part VIII – Air operators' certification

48. Interpretation in Part VIII

In this Part—

“air operator’s certificate” means an air operator’s certificate issued in terms of section fifty;

“air service” means any service operated by means of an aircraft for reward, but does not include—

(a) a service which—

(i) is operated solely for the benefit of a company or group of companies, or any subsidiary
thereof, in its commercial activities by a person who is a member of or employed by the
company, group or subsidiary; and

(ii) is not offered for reward to the public in general; or

(b) the conducting of flight testing or assessment of skills in respect of flying an aircraft; or

(c) participation in an air race by an aircraft which is sponsored on condition that the trade name of the
sponsor is affixed to the aircraft for the duration of the race; or

(d) such other services or activities as may be prescribed.

49. Air operator’s certificate required for operation of air service

(1) No person shall operate or attempt to operate an air service in Zimbabwe except in accordance with
the terms and conditions of an air operator’s certificate issued to him in terms of this Part.

(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not
exceeding level seven or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year or to both such fine
and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

50. Issue or refusal of air operator’s certificate

(1) A person who wishes to obtain an air operator’s certificate shall apply to the Authority in the
prescribed form and manner and shall—

(a) provide the Authority with such information as may be prescribed or as the Authority may
reasonably require; and

(b) submit with his application the prescribed fee, if any.

(2) On receipt of an application in terms of subsection (1), the Authority may conduct such
investigation into the matter as he considers necessary or desirable, and shall issue an air
operator’s certificate to the applicant if it is satisfied that—

(a) the air service to be operated by the applicant does not contravene any of the provisions of
this Act or any other enactment; and

(b) the applicant’s resources and the financial arrangements made by him are adequate for
discharging his actual and potential obligations in respect of the air service to be operated by
him;

and, if the Authority is not so satisfied, it shall refuse the application:

Provided that, before refusing an application the Authority shall notify the applicant in writing of
its intention to do so and of its reasons for forming that intention, and shall afford the applicant an
adequate opportunity to amend, rectify or supplement his application or to make representations in
the matter.

(3) The period between the Authority’s receipt of an application in terms of subsection (1) and all
documents and information in support of it, and the date on which the Authority notifies the
applicant of its decision or proposed decision in terms of subsection (2) shall not exceed ninety days
unless the applicant consents to an extension of the period.

51. Form, content and duration of air operator’s certificate

(1) An air operator’s certificate shall be in the form prescribed and shall contain such conditions as may
be prescribed or as the Authority may specify.

(2) An air operator’s certificate shall be valid for such period, not exceeding two years, as the Authority
may specify in the certificate:

Provided that, if the holder of a certificate applies, at least thirty days before its expiry, for the issue
of a new one, the certificate shall remain valid until the Authority notifies the holder of the result of
his application.

52. Variation of air operator’s certificate

(1) Subject to this section, the Authority may at any time amend an air operator’s certificate or any
term or condition of a certificate—

(a) to correct any error in the certificate; or

(b) if the holder requests the amendment; or

(c) if the Authority considers the amendment necessary to reflect the true nature of the air
service which the holder is operating; or

(d) if for any other reason the Authority considers the amendment necessary or desirable in the
public interest.

(2) Before amending an air operator’s certificate in terms of subsection (1), otherwise than at
the request of the holder, the Authority shall notify the holder in writing of the nature of the

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

amendment it proposes to make and of its reasons for wishing to make it, and shall give the holder
an adequate opportunity to make representations in the matter.

(3) If the Authority refuses to amend an air operator’s certificate at the request of the holder, it shall,
within ten days after reaching its decision, notify the holder in writing of the decision and of the
reasons for it.

53. Cancellation of air operator’s certificate

(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Authority may, by notice in writing to the holder cancel an air
operator’s certificate if the holder so requests or if the Authority has reasonable grounds for
believing that—

(a) the certificate was issued in error or through fraud or the misrepresentation of a material fact
by the holder; or

(b) the holder has contravened any provision of this Act or of any other enactment relating to
aviation; or

(c) the holder misrepresents the service which he offers to the public; or

(d) the holder is operating an air service that is not authorized by the certificate, or

(e) the holder has ceased to operate the air service specified in the certificate; or

(f) the holder’s resources and the financial arrangements made by him are no longer adequate
for discharging his actual and potential obligations in respect of the air service operated by
him; or

(g) the holder has not complied with any instruction, requirement or condition imposed on him
by the Authority in terms of this Act; or

(h) the holder's operations are unsafe or compromise public safety; or

[paragraph (h) added by section 14 of Act 10 of 2018]

(i) the aircraft or related equipment used by the holder are not or are not being designed,
constructed, repaired, overhauled, maintained, operated or used to the extent necessary to
render the holder's aircraft airworthy or to avoid endangering lives; or

[paragraph (i) added by section 14 of Act 10 of 2018]

(j) the holder has otherwise become an unfit person to hold an air operator's licence.

[paragraph (j) added by section 14 of Act 10 of 2018]

(2) Before cancelling an air operator’s certificate in terms of subsection (1), otherwise than at the
holder’s request, the Authority shall notify the holder, in writing, that it proposes to cancel the
certificate and of its reasons for doing so, and shall afford the holder an adequate opportunity to
make representations in the matter.

54. No derogation from other laws re operation of air services

The requirements of this Part shall be construed as additional to, and not as substituting for, the
provisions of any other enactment relating to the operation of air services.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

Part IX – Investigation of occurrences

55. Appointment and functions of Chief Investigator of Accidents and accident

investigators
(1) There shall be a Chief Investigator of Accidents and such accident investigators as may be necessary
for the purposes of this Part, whose offices shall be public offices and form part of the Public
Service, and who shall (subject to subsection (5)) all be employed in the Ministry that is responsible
for administering this Act.

(2) The Chief Inspector of Accidents and every accident investigator shall have or have held a
professional pilot's qualification, or an aeronautical engineering qualification, or an air traffic
control qualification or experience in one of the specialised areas of aviation such as operations,
aerodynamics or aircraft design.

(3) The functions of the Chief Investigator of Accidents referred to in subsection (1) shall be—

(a) to investigate and determine the causes of all occurrences and to report thereon to the
Minister; and

(b) to recommend to the Authority and the Minister measures for preventing and dealing with
occurrences; and

(c) to ensure the proper co-ordination of measures to prevent and deal with occurrences; and

(d) to conduct such inspections and carry out such investigations as may be necessary or
desirable to ensure that measures for preventing and dealing with occurrences are being
implemented; and

(e) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed; and

(f) to co-operate with authorities and agencies outside Zimbabwe in the exercise of his or her
functions under this section.

(4) Accident investigators shall perform, subject to the directions of the Chief Investigator, such of his
or her functions as he or she may assign to them.

(5) Until such time as a substantive Chief Investigator of Accidents who is qualified in terms of
subsection (2) is identified and appointed, the Authority shall, at the request of the Minister,
second to the Ministry that is responsible for administering this Act an employee of the Authority
who has any of the qualifications referred to in subsection (2) to be the Chief Investigator of
Accidents for an initial period not exceeding twenty-four months and, if needed, for subsequent
consecutive periods not exceeding twelve months at a time.

(6) The Chief Investigator of Accidents referred to in subsection (5) shall continue to be paid by the
Authority and have the same conditions of service as are applicable to other employees of the
Authority of his or her seniority within the Authority, but he or she shall otherwise be answerable
to the head of the Ministry that is responsible for administering this Act and be subject to the
discipline of the Civil Service while he or she is so seconded.

(7) Until such time as one or more substantive accident investigators who are qualified in terms of
subsection (2) are identified and appointed, subsections (5) and (6) shall apply to the secondment
of such investigators as they apply to the secondment of an Chief Inspector of Accidents in terms of
those subsections.

(8) In the event of an occurrence the Minister may, at the request of the Chief Investigator of
Accidents, request the Authority to second to the Ministry that is responsible for administering
this Act one or more employees of the Authority who has any of the qualifications referred to in
subsection (2) to assist the Chief Investigator as investigators for the duration of an investigation

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

into the causes of the occurrence, and subsection (6) shall apply to the secondment of such
investigators as they apply to the secondment of an Chief Investigator of Accidents.

(9) For the avoidance of doubt it is declared that no employee of the Authority who is seconded to the
Ministry in terms of this section shall, by reason of such secondment or anything done in good
faith pursuant to such secondment, be dismissed or penalised or suffer any diminution in his or her
conditions of service with the Authority upon the termination of such secondment.

[section 55 substituted by section 15 of Act 10 of 2018]

55A. Expenses of investigation of occurrences

(1) For the purpose of investigating an occurrence, the Chief Investigator of Accidents shall have power
to require the Authority to pay any moneys from the Accidents and Occurrences Contingency
Account referred to in section 32(2)(a) the expenses of—

(a) retaining any person whose specialist or expert knowledge or skills are required for the
investigation of the occurrence and the determination of its causes; and

(b) having any item or sample connected with the occurrence tested inside or outside Zimbabwe;
and

(c) doing any other thing necessary to discover the causes of any occurrence and to complete the
investigation pertaining thereto.

(2) At the conclusion of an investigation in respect of which any moneys have been paid from the
Accidents and Occurrences Contingency Account in terms of subsection (1), the Chief Investigator
of Accidents shall, in a written report to the head of the Ministry responsible for administering this
Act, render an account of the manner in which he or she has expended the moneys.

(3) The head of the Ministry shall copy the report referred to in subsection (2) to the Board, which
may, through the head of the Ministry, require the Chief Investigator of Accidents to answer any
questions put to him or her in writing by the Board that the Board may wish to have answered in
connection therewith.

[section 55A inserted by section 15 of Act 10 of 2018]

56. Powers of entry, inspection, etc.

(1) For the purposes of investigating an occurrence, an investigator may, subject to this section—

(a) enter and inspect any land or premises—

(i) in or on which the occurrence occurred; or

(ii) in or on which he has reasonable grounds for believing there is an article, record or
document pertaining to an aircraft concerned in the occurrence; and

(b) take possession of the flight recorder or any other article, including a record or document,
pertaining to an aircraft concerned in the occurrence; and

(c) examine and make extracts from or copies of any record or document pertaining to an
aircraft concerned in the occurrence; and

(d) require any person—

(i) who witnessed the occurrence, to provide such information concerning the occurrence
as the person can provide;

(ii) who has control or custody of any record or document pertaining to an aircraft
concerned in the occurrence, to explain any entry in the record or document.

[subsection (1) amended by section 20 of Act 10 of 2018]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(2) An investigator shall not enter or search any land or premises in terms of subsection (1) without the
consent of the owner or occupier, unless—

(a) the entry or search is necessary in the interests of defence, public safety, or public order; or

(b) there are reasonable grounds for believing that the search or entry is necessary for the
prevention, investigation or detection of an offence under this Act, or for the seizure of
property which is the subject-matter of such an offence or evidence relating to such an
offence.

[subsection (2) amended by section 20 of Act 10 of 2018]

(3) An investigator shall not retain any article taken in terms of subsection (1) for longer than
is necessary for the purposes of his investigation or any trial or inquiry arising out of his
investigation.

[subsection (3) amended by section 20 of Act 10 of 2018]

57. Authority to provide assistance to inspectors

The Authority, if required to do so by the Chief Investigator shall provide all such facilities and assistance
as it is able for the purpose of investigating any occurrence.

[section 57 amended by section 20 of Act 10 of 2018]

58. Boards of inquiry into occurrences and other matters

(1) The Minister, with the approval of the Minister responsible for justice, may appoint a board
consisting of a judge, magistrate or other legally-qualified person together with one or more other
persons to conduct an inquiry into any occurrence or any other matter concerning aviation or
aircraft.

(2) A board appointed in terms of subsection (1) to inquire into an accident that occurred in Zimbabwe
or into a matter situated within Zimbabwe shall have power to summon and examine witnesses on
oath and to call for the production and grant inspection of books, logs, certificates, licences and
other documents.

(3) The Magistrates Court Act [Chapter 7:10] and the rules made thereunder shall apply, mutatis
mutandis, to—

(a) procuring the attendance of witnesses before a board appointed in terms of subsection (1);
and

(b) the examination of witnesses before a board appointed in terms of subsection (1), and the
production of books and documents and the like to such a board; and

(c) the punishment of persons who fail or refuse to attend or give or produce evidence before
such a board, or who give false evidence to such a board;

and the chairman of the board shall have power to sign such documents as are necessary for the
purpose of the inquiry in the same manner as a magistrate or the clerk of a magistrates court has
power to do.

(4) Any process to be served for the purposes of an inquiry conducted by a board appointed in terms of
subsection (1) shall be served by the messenger of the magistrates court of the province in which
the person upon whom service is made resides.

(5) This section shall not be construed as affecting the functions of magistrates in terms of the
Inquests Act [Chapter 7:07], but where an occurrence involving loss of life is inquired into under this
Act by a magistrate, the inquiry held under this Act may be a joint inquiry of the board and inquest
of the magistrate.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

59. Obstruction of inspectors

Any person who hinders or obstructs an investigator in the exercise of his functions shall be guilty of
an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding level five or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six
months or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

[section amended by Act 22 of 2001 and by section 20 of Act 10 of 2018]

59A. Aviation safety surcharge

(1) For the purpose of section 55A, there is hereby levied an aviation safety surcharge in accordance
with this section.

(2) With effect from such date as the Minister, in consultation with the Board, shall fix by a notice in
a Statutory Instrument (hereinafter called the "surcharge notice"), a surcharge is levied at the rate
to be prescribed in the surcharge notice (not exceeding zero comma five per centum of the amount
upon which it is surcharged, rounded upwards to the nearest unit of a dollar) upon every fee, levy
and charge payable to the Authority for registrations effected, licences, permits or certificates
issued, services rendered or anything else done by it under this Act (but not including the Airport
Departure fee prescribed in Statutory Instrument 165 of 2003 or any other regulations that may be
substituted for the same).

(3) The Minister may in the surcharge notice, after consultation with the Board—

(a) exclude for any compelling reason from the scope of the aviation safety surcharge (whether
indefinitely or temporarily) any class, category or description of registrations effected,
licences, permits or certificates issued, services rendered or anything else done by the
Authority under this Act for which any fee, levy or charge is payable;

(b) charge different rates of aviation security surcharge for different classes, categories or
descriptions of registrations effected, licences, permits or certificates issued, services
rendered or anything else done by the Authority under this Act for which any fee, levy or
charge is payable.

(3) The Authority shall collect and account for the aviation safety surcharge in the same manner as it
collects and accounts for all fees, levies and charges payable to it, and shall credit the proceeds from
the surcharge to the Accidents and Occurrences Contingency Account referred to in section 32(2)
(a):

Provided that the Authority may in respect of the expenses it incurs in collecting and accounting
for the aviation safety surcharge and in administering the Accidents and Occurrences Contingency
Account, deduct (by way of transfer to the General Account) from the moneys standing to the credit
of Accidents and Occurrences Contingency Account at the end of every financial year an amount to
be stipulated in the surcharge notice, not exceeding two point five per centum of such moneys.

[Please note: numbering as in original.]

[section 59A added by section 16 of Act 10 of 2018]

Part X – Aerodromes

60. Interpretation in Part X

In this Part—

“aerodrome”, authority in relation to an aerodrome, means the Minister, the Authority or any other
person responsible for maintaining the aerodrome.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

61. Authority may establish and maintain aerodromes

(1) Subject to this Act and any other law, the Authority may establish and maintain aerodromes
and provide and maintain roads, approaches, apparatus, equipment, buildings and facilities in
connection with aerodromes.

(2) The Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister of Finance, may—

(a) assign to the Authority, on such terms and conditions as he and the Authority may agree,
responsibility for the maintenance of any aerodrome established by the State;

(b) transfer to the Authority, on such terms and conditions as he and the Authority may agree,
any State land for the establishment or operation of an aerodrome by the Authority in terms
of subsection (1).

(3) When establishing and in the course of maintaining aerodromes in terms of this section, the
Authority shall have regard to the need to minimise so far as reasonably practicable—

(a) any adverse effects on the environment; and

(b) any disturbance to the public;

from noise, vibration, atmospheric pollution or any other cause attributable to the use of aircraft
for the purpose of civil aviation.

(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing any person other than the Authority from
establishing and maintaining an aerodrome subject, except in the case of the State, to compliance
with any requirements that may be prescribed in terms of this Act or any other enactment.

62. Acquisition of land for purposes of aerodromes

(1) The Minister may acquire land and interests in and rights over land for the purpose of any
aerodrome established or to be established in terms of this Act.

(2) Parts III, V and VIII of the Land Acquisition Act [Chapter 20:10] shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to any
compulsory acquisition of land and interests in and rights over land in terms of subsection (1):

Provided that the Minister shall not have power to acquire, whether compulsorily or by agreement,
any Communal Land or any right over or interest in Communal Land, otherwise than in accordance
with the Communal Land Act [Chapter 20:04].

63. Controls over use of land and water in vicinity of aerodromes

(1) Subject to this section and any other law, the Minister, on the recommendation of the Authority,
may by order impose such prohibitions or restrictions on the use of any land or water in the vicinity
of an aerodrome as are necessary to ensure the safety or efficiency of civil aviation.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), an order under that subsection may provide for all or any of the
following matters—

(a) requiring the demolition of any building or structure;

(b) restricting the height of any tree, structure or object;

(c) extinguishing any private right of way;

(d) requiring the closure or diversion of any road;

(e) restricting the installation of cables, pipes, wires or other apparatus across, over or under
any land;

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(f) restricting the use of any electronic device; within such area in the vicinity of an aerodrome
as may be specified in the order.

(3) Before issuing an order under subsection (1), the Minister shall—

(a) cause a notice to be published in two successive issues of a newspaper circulating in the area
concerned and in two successive issues of the Gazette, setting out the general terms of the
proposed order and inviting anyone who wishes to make representations in regard to it to
submit his representations, in writing, to the secretary of the Ministry for which the Minister
is responsible within such reasonable period as may be specified in the notice; and

(b) give due consideration to any representations submitted in response to a notice published in
terms of paragraph (a).

64. Powers to enter land and take materials for purposes of aerodromes
(1) Subject to sections 57 and 71 of the Constitution and to this section, for the purposes of
establishing and maintaining any aerodrome or any facilities connected therewith, an authorized
person may at all reasonable times—

(a) enter upon any land and conduct such examinations and surveys as are necessary for the
purpose of determining its suitability for the establishment or extension of an aerodrome
or the approaches to an aerodrome or for the installation of apparatus or equipment for an
aerodrome;

(b) place vehicles on any land and erect tents, huts or temporary buildings on any site
convenient to him:

Provided that—

(i) where possible, before exercising the rights conferred on him by this paragraph, the
authorized person shall give reasonable notice to the owner or occupier of the land
concerned;

(ii) no tents, huts or temporary buildings shall be erected within five hundred metres of
any dwelling-house;

(iii) if an owner or occupier of land to whom notice has been given in terms of proviso (i)
objects to any site chosen for the erection of tents, huts or other temporary buildings,
the matter shall be referred to a magistrate of the province, who may make such order
as he considers just and reasonable;

(c) take materials from any land which is not included in any township as defined in the Land
Survey Act [Chapter 20:12]:

Provided that—

(i) no damage shall be done to any permanent improvements on such land;

(ii) the authorized person shall not have power to acquire, whether compulsorily or by
agreement, any Communal Land or any right over or interest in Communal Land,
otherwise than in accordance with the Communal Land Act [Chapter 20:04].

[subsection (1) amended by section 20 of Act 10 of 2018]

(2) The provisions of—

(a) subsections (2), (3) and (4) of section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act [Chapter 20:10] shall
apply, mutatis mutandis, to the exercise of the powers referred to in paragraph (a) of
subsection (1) and, subject to paragraph (b), compensation shall be paid to any person who
suffers loss or damage through the exercise of such powers;

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(b) Parts III, V and VIII of the Land Acquisition Act [Chapter 20:10] shall apply to the exercise of
the powers referred to in paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection (1) and to the compensation
referred to in paragraph (a).

65. Reservation of aerodrome materials

(1) If an authorized person has reason to believe that a deposit of materials suitable for constructing,
extending or maintaining an aerodrome is present in or on any land from which such materials may
be taken in terms of this Act or any other enactment, he may, subject to this section, search the
land for such materials.

(2) Before conducting a search for materials in terms of subsection (1), the authorized person shall post
a notice on the ground which he proposes to search and shall give a copy of the notice to the owner
of the land and to any other person having any rights over or in the land of his intention to conduct
the search.

(3) A notice referred to in subsection (2) shall be in the form prescribed.

(4) The posting of a notice in terms of subsection (2) shall have the effect of prohibiting, for a period
of fourteen days from the date and hour of the posting of the notice, any activity whatsoever, other
than an activity that was being carried on immediately before the posting of the notice, upon the
land falling within such distance, not exceeding three hundred metres, from the post carrying the
notice as shall be stated in the notice:

Provided that all authorized person may permit such limited use of the land as he may determine,
subject to such conditions as he may impose in granting such permission.

(5) If an authorized person discovers in or on the land reserved under subsection (4) any deposit of
such materials, he shall erect upon the boundaries of the area of the deposit, or such portion of the
area as may be required, beacons in the manner prescribed, and shall post upon each such beacon a
notice in the form prescribed.

(6) The erection of beacons in terms of subsection (5) shall have the effect of reserving the area of
land demarcated by them and of prohibiting any activity whatsoever upon the land so reserved,
other than an activity that was being carried on in the area immediately before the erection of the
beacons:

Provided that an authorized person may permit such limited use of the land or the removal of such
quantities of the materials thereon by the owner of the land or by any other person having any
rights over or in the land as that authorized person may determine, subject to such conditions as he
may impose in granting such permission.

(7) An authorized person who has reserved any land in terms of this section shall—

(a) ensue that particulars of the area so reserved are sent to the mining commissioner of the
district in which the land is situated; and

(b) notify the owner of the land concerned and any other person having any rights over or in
the land of the particulars of the reservation, but if the whereabouts of such owner or the
identity or whereabouts of such other person are unknown, the erection of the beacons and
notices mentioned in subsection (5) shall be deemed to be a sufficient notification for the
purposes of this subsection.

(8) Any person who, on land reserved in terms of this section, does any act which he has not been
authorized to do by or in terms of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not
exceeding level four or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months or to both such
fine and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(9) When the materials on any land reserved in terms of this section are no longer required, the
authorized person who erected the beacons and notices on the land in terms of subsection (5) shall
—

(a) notify the mining commissioner of the district in which such land is situated and the owner
of such land and any other person who may have been affected by its reservation; and

(b) cause the beacons and notices to be removed;

and with the removal of the beacons and notices the reservation of the land shall thereupon be
deemed to have been withdrawn.

(10) Any person who, without the permission of an authorized person, removes or interferes with any
beacon or notice erected in terms of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not
exceeding level five or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or to both such fine
and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

(11) Subject to subsection (12), the Minister shall pay compensation to any person who is affected by the
exercise of an authorized person’s functions in terms of this section.

(12) Parts V and VIII of the Land Acquisition Act [Chapter 20:10] shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the
payment of compensation by the Minister in terms of subsection (11):

Provided that any reference in Part V of that Act to the date of publication of a preliminary notice in
the Gazette shall be construed as a reference to the date of the exercise by an authorized person of
the power which gave rise to the claim for compensation.

(13) The powers conferred by this section shall not include power to acquire, whether compulsorily or by
agreement, any Communal Land or any right over or interest in Communal Land, otherwise than in
accordance with the Communal Land Act [Chapter 20:04].

66. Customs, immigration and health facilities at aerodromes

(1) Every aerodrome authority shall provide suitable facilities for customs, immigration and health
services at its aerodrome, if required to do so by the Director of Customs and Excise, the Chief
Immigration Officer or the Secretary of the Ministry responsible for health, as the case may be.

(2) The terms and conditions on which facilities are provided in terms of subsection (1) shall be subject
to agreement between the State and the aerodrome authority concerned.

67. Security at aerodromes

(1) Every aerodrome authority shall ensure that passengers and cargoes at its aerodrome are screened
for security purposes by such methods and in accordance with such standards as may be prescribed.

(2) Every aerodrome authority shall be responsible for the security of its aerodrome and for the security
of all equipment and installations connected with its aerodrome.

(3) In the exercise of its responsibilities under subsections (1) and (2), an aerodrome authority may
enter into arrangements with the Commissioner of Police for the policing of its aerodrome:

Provided that any such arrangement shall be subject to approval by the Minister and the Minister to
whom the administration of the Police Act [Chapter 11:10] has been assigned.

(4) Subject to section 57 of the Constitution, for the purpose of ensuring the safety of civil aviation the
Authority, through its employees and agents, may enter and inspect any aircraft, whether registered
in Zimbabwe or elsewhere, at any aerodrome in Zimbabwe.

[subsection (4) amended by section 20 of Act 10 of 2018]

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 Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

68. Offences at aerodromes

Any person who—

(a) boards an aircraft at an aerodrome without having submitted to a search of his person and
additionally, or alternatively, his property, if he has been requested to submit to such a search by an
employee or agent of the aerodrome authority; or

(b) knowingly and without the permission of the aerodrome authority, enters any part of an aerodrome
to which the aerodrome authority has prohibited access by the public; or

(c) hinders or obstructs an employee or agent of the aerodrome authority in the exercise of his
functions in terms of this Act;

shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding two level five or to imprisonment for a
period not exceeding six months or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

Part XI – General

69. Effect of Chicago Convention

(1) The Chicago Convention shall have effect within Zimbabwe.

(2) Subject to this Act, the Minister may do all things that, in his opinion, are necessary or expedient to
give effect to the Chicago Convention in Zimbabwe.

69A. Powers of entry, inspection, etc. by safety and security oversight inspectors
(1) A safety and oversight security inspector designated in terms of section 26(3) may, without warrant
or the consent of the owner or occupier thereof (but subject to the production on demand of an
identity document issued by the Authority), inspect and enter any aircraft or aerodrome, and enter
and inspect any any land or premises whereon or wherein such aircraft is situated, if he or she has
reasonable grounds for believing that—

(a) the inspection, entry or search is necessary in the interests of defence, public safety, or
public order; or

(b) there are reasonable grounds for believing that the inspection, search or entry is necessary
for the prevention, investigation or detection of an offence under this Act, or for the seizure
of property which is the subject matter of such an offence or evidence relating to such an
offence.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) a safety and oversight security inspector may—

(a) take possession of any article, record or document; and

(b) examine and make extracts from or copies of any record or document; and

(c) require any person—

(i) present at, within or about the aircraft or aerodrome, or within the land or premises
wherein or whereon it is situated, to provide such information concerning the purpose
for which the inspection is being conducted as the person can provide;

(ii) who has control or custody of any record or document pertaining to the purpose
for which the inspection is being conducted, to explain any entry in the record or
document;

and

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(d) prevent an aircraft from flying, whether temporarily or indefinitely; and

(e) prohibit any person from exercising the privileges of an air operator's certificate or other
aviation licence or permit, whether temporarily or indefinitely.

(3) An inspector shall not retain any article taken in terms of subsection (1) or (2) for longer than is
necessary for the purposes of his or her inspection.

(4) In any case of urgency affecting aviation safety or security, and pending the adoption of more
definitive measures under this Act, the Director-General may issue (generally or in relation to a
specific case or cases) a direction ordering to be done anything referred to in subsection (2)(d) and
(e) and having effect for a period not exceeding seven days at a time.

(5) The Director-General shall as soon as possible after issuing a direction under subsection (4) publish
it in the same way as a notice referred to in section 45(3) is published.

(6) Any person who hinders or obstructs a safety and oversight security inspector in the exercise of his
or her functions, or who contravenes a direction referred to in subsection (4), shall be guilty of an
offence and liable to a fine not exceeding level five or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding
six months or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

[section 69A inserted by section 17 of Act 10 of 2018]

70. Liability for trespass or nuisance, and responsibility for damage

(1) No action shall lie in respect of trespass or nuisance, solely on account of—

(a) the flight of an aircraft over any property at a height above the ground which is reasonable,
having regard to wind, weather and all other circumstances of the case; or

(b) the ordinary incidents of a flight referred to in paragraph (a);

so long as the requirements of this Act and of the Convention are duly complied with.

(2) Where material loss or damage is caused to any person or property on land or water—

(a) by an aircraft while in flight, taking off or landing; or

(b) by a person in or an article or person falling from, an aircraft while in flight, taking off or
landing;

then, unless the loss or damage was caused or contributed to by the negligence of the person by
whom it was suffered, damages in respect of the loss or damage shall be recoverable without proof
of negligence or intention or other cause of action, as if the loss or damage had been caused by the
wilful act, neglect or default of the owner of the aircraft:

Provided that where material loss or damage is caused as aforesaid in circumstances in which—

(a) damages are recoverable in respect of the loss or damage by virtue only of this subsection;
and

(b) a legal liability is created in some person other than the owner to pay damages in respect of
the said loss or damage;

the owner shall be entitled to be indemnified by that other person against any claim in respect of
the said loss or damage.

71. Conveyance of mail by air

(1) Subject to the Postal and Telecommunication Services Act [Chapter 12:02], no mails shall be carried
by any aircraft without the consent in writing of the Postmaster-General.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(2) The provisions of the Postal and Telecommunication Services Act [Chapter 12:02] relating to
the dispatching, conveying and delivering of mails and all incidental services relating thereto
shall apply to the dispatching, conveying and delivering of mails by aircraft, subject to such
modifications, adaptations and consequential and supplementary provisions as the Minister may
specify by statutory instrument.

72. Patent claims against aircraft not protected under Chicago Convention
(1) In this section—

“owner” includes the actual owner of an aircraft and any person claiming through or under him;

“passage” includes all landings and stoppages in the course or for the purpose of a flight.

(2) If it appears to the High Court that a foreign aircraft, which is not an aircraft to which section
seventy-three applies, and which is making a passage through or over Zimbabwe, infringes in itself
or in any part of it any invention, design or model which is entitled to protection in Zimbabwe,
the High Court may, on the application of an interested party, order the detention of the aircraft
pending the institution of legal proceedings in respect of the alleged infringement or until the
owner of the aircraft deposits or secures a sum in respect of the alleged infringement.

(3) Upon the deposit or securing of an amount in terms of subsection (2), the aircraft concerned shall
not, during the continuance or in the course of its passage, be subject to further detention in
respect of the same cause of action.

(4) The sum to be deposited or secured in terms of subsection (2) shall be such sum as may be agreed
between the parties or, in default of agreement, as may be fixed by the High Court, and it shall be
paid or secured to the applicant in such manner as the parties may agree or the High Court may
direct.

73. Exemption from seizure of certain aircraft on patent claims

(1) In this section—

“exempted aircraft” means an aircraft or a member of any class of aircraft, which the Minister has
declared, by notice in the Gazette, to be an exempted aircraft for the purposes of this section.

(2) Any lawful entry into Zimbabwe, or any lawful transit across Zimbabwe, with or without landing,
of an exempted aircraft shall not entail its seizure or detention, or any proceedings being brought
against its owner or operator, or any other interference therewith by or on behalf of any person in
Zimbabwe, on the ground that the construction, mechanism, parts, accessories or operation of such
aircraft is or are an infringement of any patent, design or model.

(3) The importation into, and storage in, Zimbabwe of spare parts and spare equipment for an
exempted aircraft, and their use and installation in the repair of an exempted aircraft, shall not
entail any seizure or detention of the aircraft or of the spare parts or equipment, or any proceedings
being brought against their owners or operators, or any other interference with the aircraft by or
on behalf of any person in Zimbabwe on the ground that the spare parts or equipment or their
installation is or are an infringement of any patent, design or model:

Provided that this subsection shall not apply in relation to any spare parts or spare equipment
which are sold or distributed in Zimbabwe or are exported from Zimbabwe for sale or distribution.

74. Detention of aircraft for certain offences or upon non-payment of certain dues
(1) If the owner, pilot or person in charge of any aircraft commits any offence under this Act, or if there
are reasonable grounds for suspecting that such an offence has been committed or attempted or is
about to be committed or attempted, any—

(a) officer of the Department of Customs and Excise; or

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(b) commissioned police officer; or

(c) police officer authorized by a commissioned police officer;

may, pending the trial of the charge, detain the aircraft from or in respect of which the offence was
or is about to be committed.

(2) If any fees or charge payable to the Authority in respect of an aircraft remains unpaid after demand
by the Authority, the Authority may—

(a) detain the aircraft concerned; or

(b) detain any other aircraft owned or operated by the person by whom the fee or charge is
payable; pending payment of the fee or charge.

(3) Where recognizances are entered into or security deposited to the satisfaction of a magistrate
within whose province an aircraft has been detained in terms of subsection (1) or (2), the magistrate
may, if satisfied that the ends of justice will not thereby be prejudiced, order the release of the
aircraft from further detention.

(4) Any person who, knowing that an aircraft is being detained in terms of subsection (1) or (2),
removes the aircraft or causes it to be removed shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not
exceeding level nine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year or to both such fine
and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

(5) No officer of the Department of Customs and Excise who is authorized to grant clearance to any
aircraft shall grant clearance to an aircraft while it is detained in terms of subsection (1) or (2).

75. Restriction on use of “approved” in connection with flying schools

(1) No person shall use the word “approved”, or any other word which suggests approval by the State,
in connection with—

(a) any institution at which instruction in flying as a pilot or member of the operating crew of an
aircraft is provided; or

(b) any course of instruction referred to in paragraph (a);

except in accordance with such conditions as the Minister may prescribe in regulations.

(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not
exceeding level five or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or to both such fine
and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

76. Dangerous flying

Any person who—

(a) flies an aircraft; or

(b) causes or permits an aircraft to be flown;

in such a manner as to be the cause of unnecessary danger to any person or property on land or water
shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding level six or to imprisonment for a period not
exceeding one year or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

[subsection amended by Act 22 of 2001]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

77. Territorial jurisdiction of courts

Any offence under this Act and any offence committed on a locally registered aircraft shall, for purposes
relating to the jurisdiction of a court to try the offence, be deemed to have been committed in any place
where the accused person happens to be:

Provided that, if any such offence is committed within Zimbabwe, the offence may be tried by any court
having jurisdiction where the offence was committed.

78. Appeals
(1) If any person is aggrieved by a decision of the Authority or any officer or employee of the Authority
in the exercise of any function conferred on the Authority, the officer or the employee, as the case
may be, under regulations made in terms of section seventy-nine, he may, within twenty-eight days
after being notified of the decision, appeal in writing to the Minister, submitting with his appeal
such fee as may be prescribed.

(2) For the purpose of determining an appeal noted in terms of subsection (1), the Minister may require
the Board, the officer or the employee concerned, as the case may be, to furnish him with the
reasons for the decision that is the subject of the appeal and a copy of any evidence upon which the
reasons are based.

(3) The Minister, after due and expeditious inquiry, may make such order on any appeal noted in terms
of subsection (1) as he considers just.

(4) An appeal shall lie to the Administrative Court against any order of the Minister in terms of
subsection (3).

(5) The Board or the officer or employee whose decision was the subject of the appeal, as the case
may be, shall take all necessary steps to comply with any order made by the Minister in terms of
subsection (3) or by the Administrative Court on an appeal in terms of subsection (4).

(6) Where an appeal has been noted in terms of subsection (1) against—

(a) the cancellation of any registration or licence, the decision of the Board or the officer or
employee concerned, as the case may be, shall be suspended until the appeal has been finally
determined;

(b) a refusal to renew any registration or licence, the Minister may direct that the registration be
temporarily renewed or that the licence be temporarily extended, as the case may be, until
the appeal has been finally determined.

79. Regulations
(1) The Minister, after consultation with the Board, may make regulations prescribing anything which
in terms of this Act is required or permitted to be prescribed or which, in his opinion, is necessary
or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.

(2) Regulations made in terms of subsection (1) may provide for—

(a) carrying out and giving effect to the Chicago Convention;

(b) securing the safety, efficiency and regularity of air navigation and the safety of aircraft and of
persons and property carried therein, and the detention of aircraft for any purpose specified
in this paragraph;

(c) air traffic control procedures and services;

(d) the provision of navigational aids and the standards thereof;

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(e) the areas within which or the aerodromes at which aircraft coming from any place outside
Zimbabwe shall land, and the areas within which or the aerodromes from which aircraft shall
depart to any place outside Zimbabwe;

(f) the classification and use of airspace and the control and use of air routes;

(g) rules of the air;

(h) the conditions under which any aircraft may be used or operated or under which any act may
be performed in or from an aircraft;

(i) the registration, licensing, marking and inspection of aircraft;

(j) the design, construction, repair, overhaul, maintenance, operation and use of aircraft and
related equipment;

(k) the licensing or certification of persons employed in the inspection, supervision, repair,
overhaul, maintenance, operation and use of aircraft;

(l) the conditions under which persons or cargo of any kind may be transported by aircraft;

(m) the regulation, licensing, registration, inspection and use of aerodromes and other places set
apart for the use of aircraft, and scales of charges for services and facilities provided at such
aerodromes and places;

(n) the prohibition or regulation of—

(i) the erection or construction of any object; or

(ii) the emission of any smoke, gas, particles or other substance; or

(iii) the carrying on of any activity;

within a prescribed distance from any aerodrome, where the prohibition or regulation is
reasonably necessary to ensure the safety of aircraft at or near the aerodrome;

(o) subject to subsection (3), the taxes and fees to be paid by persons departing from any
aerodrome, and exemptions from or refunds of any such tax or fee;

(p) the licensing of persons engaged in the design, manufacture, distribution, maintenance,
approval, certification or installation of aeronautical products;

(q) minimizing or preventing interference with the use or effectiveness of radio, electronic or
other apparatus or equipment used in connection with aircraft, and prohibiting or regulating
the use of any apparatus or equipment or the display of signs or lights liable to endanger
aircraft;

(r) the issue and renewal of any certificate or licence required under this Act or under the
Chicago Convention, including the examinations and tests to be undergone and the form,
custody, production, cancellation, suspension endorsement and surrender of any such
certificate or licence;

(s) the exemption of aircraft or persons from any of the provisions of this Act or of the Chicago
Convention;

(t) the recognition of certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency and licences

issued or recognized by any state which is a party to the Chicago Convention;

(u) fees and charges to be paid in respect of licences or certificates issued, registrations effected,
services or facilities provided or any other matter or thing done under or for the purposes of
this Act;

(v) the notification and investigation of occurrences;

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(w) prohibiting access to or interference with aircraft which is the subject of an occurrence, and
authorizing any person, so far as may be necessary for the purposes of an investigation, to
have access to, examine, remove, take measures for the preservation of or otherwise deal
with any such aircraft;

(x) the publication and dissemination of regulations and information applicable to aircraft and
aviation;

(y) the establishment of civil aviation security standards as advised by the National Civil
Aviation Security Committee or which, in the opinion of the Minister, are necessary to
enhance the security programmes referred to in section 44A and to meet international
criteria in that field;

[paragraph (y) substituted by section 18 of Act 10 of 2018]

(z) the transfer of certain functions from the State of registry of aircraft to the State of
the operator of an aircraft in the case of lease, charter or interchange or any similar
arrangements with respect to such aircraft pursuant to Article 83bis of the Chicago
Convention;

[paragraph (z) added by section 18 of Act 10 of 2018]

(aa) the assignment or delegation to the Authority of any function referred to in paragraphs (a) to
(z).

[paragraph (aa) added by section 18 of Act 10 of 2018]

(3) The Minister shall not make regulations providing for any matter referred to in paragraph (o) of
subsection (2) without the approval of the Minister responsible for finance.

(4) Regulations made in terms of subsection (1) and providing for the licensing of aerodromes
shall require the licensing authority to have regard to the need to minimise so far as reasonably
practicable—

(a) any adverse effects on the environment; and

(b) any disturbance to the public;

from noise, vibration, atmospheric pollution or any other cause attributable to the use of aircraft
for the purpose of civil aviation.

(5) Regulations made under this section may prescribe for any contraventions thereof—

(a) criminal penalties not exceeding a fine of level fourteen or imprisonment for a period of five
years or both such fine and such imprisonment;

(b) civil penalties of a prescribed amount leviable by the Authority for each day during which a
contravention continues, not exceeding a prescribed number of days:

Provided that the Authority shall have power to waive the payment or refund the whole or part of
any penalty prescribed under this paragraph if it is satisfied that the contravention was not wilful,
or not due to the want of reasonable care.

[subsection inserted by section 7 of Act 5 of 2011]

(6) A civil penalty prescribed under subsection (5)(b) shall constitute a debt due to the Authority by
the person against whom it is levied, and shall at any time after it becomes due, be recoverable in a
court of competent jurisdiction by proceedings in the name of the Authority:

Provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, it is declared that the person against whom a civil penalty
is levied may challenge the validity of the debt representing the civil penalty before the court in
which the debt is sought to be recovered.

[subsection inserted by section 7 of Act 5 of 2011]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

80. Exemption from regulations

The Minister may, by notice in the Gazette, exempt any person, aircraft, aerodrome, facility or service from
any provision of any regulations made in terms of section seventy-nine, where the Minister is satisfied
that the exemption is in the public interest and is not likely to affect the safety of aviation.

Part XII – Formation, etc., of Airports Company of Zimbabwe (Private) Limited

[Part XII substituted by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

81. Interpretation in Part XII

In this Part—

"airport" means any aerodrome of the Authority that is transferred to the Airports Company in terms of
this Part and any other aerodrome it may establish or acquire;

"Airports Company" means the Airports Company of Zimbabwe (Private) Limited referred to section
82(2);

"fixed date" means the date of commencement of the Civil Aviation Amendment Act, 2018 (No. 10 of
2018);

"securities", in relation to the Airports Company, includes shares, debentures, bonds and other securities
of the Airports Company, whether or not constituting a charge on the Company's assets;

"transfer date" means the date or dates referred to in section 84(1).

[section 81 substituted by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

82. Formation and objects of Airports Company

(1) Subject to this Part, the Minister is empowered to take such steps as are necessary under the
Companies Act [Chapter 24:03] to secure the formation of a company limited by shares called the
Airports Company of Zimbabwe (Private) Limited, the principal objects of which are the following—

(a) to acquire, establish, develop, maintain, manage, control and operate airports in Zimbabwe;
and

(b) to establish, provide and maintain roads, approaches, apparatus, equipment, buidings and
facilities in connection with airports; and

(c) to provide any service or facility for the purposes of—

(i) the landing, parking and take-off of aircraft; and

(ii) the handling or clearing of aircraft, the supply of provisions to aircraft, including,
but not limited to, food, oils and fuels, and the emergency servicing of aircraft on an
apron; and

(iii) the handling of aircraft passengers and their baggage and of cargo at all stages while
they are on the premises of an airport, including the transfer of such passengers and
their baggage, and of cargo, to and from an aircraft;

(iv) to undertake any other lawful activity at any airport; and

(d) to plan, design, construct, equip, maintain, repair, adapt and modify airports to the
standards required or approved by the Authority and the Government of Zimbabwe, for the
authorised carriage by air of passengers, baggage, cargo and freight; and

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(e) to provide such services as the Board of the Airports Company considers can be properly
provided by the Airports Company, and to charge for those services such fees as the Board
may determine from time to time; and

(f) to develop identified airports in Zimbabwe as regional air transportation, cargo and
passenger hubs, and support airline hub operations; and

(g) to provide safety and security measures for the handling of passengers, baggage, cargo
and aircraft, together with the personnel requisite thereto, in accordance with local and
international standards and recommended best practices and procedures; and

(h) to carry on the business of importers and exporters, carriers, shipping, forwarding, re-
forwarding, clearing and transport agents, bonded warehousemen, storekeepers, publishers,
printers and general merchants, and to buy or sell and deal in every merchantable
commodity, substance and product; and

(i) to enter into agreements with any person connected with the business of the handling of
passengers, baggage, cargo and freighting at international and domestic terminals; and

(j) to establish and manage agencies or branches for the purposes of the Airports Company; and

(k) to do such other things as a body corporate may do, as specified in its Memorandum and
Articles of Association.

(2) The Airports Company of Zimbabwe (Private) Limited, a wholly owned company of the Government
of Zimbabwe incorporated in terms of the Companies Act [Chapter 24:03] on the 20th August, 2014,
shall be deemed to have been formed in accordance with this section with effect from the date of its
incorporation.

[section 82 substituted by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

83. Board of Airports Company

(1) Subject to subsection (2) the Board of the Airports Company shall consist of not more than five
members and not more than seven members, appointed by the Minister in consultation with the
President.

(2) In appointing the members of the Board, the Minister shall endeavour to secure that members
are representative of the different groups or sectors of the community having an interest in
aviation services and in particular that at least three members are chosen for their experience or
professional qualifications in the areas of aviation, law and accountancy.

(3) A member of the Board shall hold office for a period not exceeding three years.

(4) A member of the Board shall hold office on such terms and conditions of service as the Minister in
consultation with the Minister responsible for finance may fix in relation to members generally.

(5) A retiring member of the Board is eligible for reappointment as a member provided that no member
may be reappointed for a third consecutive term of office.

(6) The terms and conditions of office of a member of the Board shall not without the member's
consent be altered to his or her detriment during the member's tenure of office.

(7) The Minister in consultation with the President shall designate one of the members as chairperson
of the Board and another member as vice-chairperson.

(8) The vice-chairperson of the Board shall perform the chairperson's functions whenever the
chairperson is for any reason unable to perform them.

(9) The chairperson or vice-chairperson of the Board may at any time resign from office as such by not
less than one month's notice in writing to the Minister.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(10) Whenever the office of the chairperson or the vice-chairperson falls vacant, the Minister in
consultation with the President shall fill the vacancy within three weeks.

[section 83 substituted by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

84. Transfer of certain assets, obligations, etc., of Authority to Airports Company, and
valuation thereof
(1) With effect from such date (the "transfer date") as the Minister shall specify by Statutory
Instrument (which date may be before or after the fixed date, and which date may be a different
date in relation to different assets and liabilities or classes thereof so transferred), the airports and
aerodromes transferred to the Authority under Statutory Instrument 193 of 2003, are transferred to
and shall vest in the Airports Company, together with—

(a) all the other the assets and rights of the Authority which, before the fixed date, were used or
otherwise connected with the functioning of those airports and aerodromes; and

(b) subject to section 89, any liabilities and obligations attaching to the assets and rights or the
Authority referred to in paragraph (a); and

(c) such buildings, infrastructure, runways, equipment, vehicles and all attachments relating
to the functioning of the airports and aerodromes transferred to the Authority, and such
other assets, rights, liabilities and obligations connected with the Authority's functions in
relation to airports and aerodromes, as are specified by the Minister, with the approval of the
Minister responsible for finance.

(2) The valuation of the assets, rights, liabilities and obligations transferred to the Airports Company
under subsection (1) shall be mutually agreed between the Government of Zimbabwe, the Authority
and the Airports Company.

(3) All bonds, hypothecations, deeds, contracts, instruments, documents and working arrangements
which subsisted immediately before the relevant transfer date in relation to any asset, right,
liability or obligation transferred to the Airports Company under this section and to which the
Authority was a party shall, on and after that date, be as fully effective and enforceable against or
in favour of the Airports Company as if, instead of the Authority, the Airports Company had been
named therein.

(4) It shall not be necessary for the Registrar of Deeds to make any endorsement on title deeds or other
documents or in his or her registers in respect of any immovable property, right or obligation which
passes to the Airports Company under this section, but the Registrar of Deeds, when so requested
in writing by the Airports Company, in relation to any particular such property, right or obligation,
shall cause the name of the Airports Company to be substituted, free of charge, for that of the
Authority on the appropriate title deed or other document or in the appropriate register.

(5) Any cause of action or proceeding which existed or was pending by or against the Authority
immediately before the relevant transfer date in respect of any asset, right, liability or obligation
that passes to the Airports Company under this section, may be enforced or continued, as the case
may be, by or against the Airports Company in the same way that it might have been enforced or
continued, as the case may be, by or against the Authority had the Civil Aviation Amendment Act,
2018 (No. 10 of 2018) not been passed.

[section 84 substituted by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

85. Employees of Airports Company

(1) All employees of the Authority engaged on duties connected with the functioning of the airports
and aerodromes transferred to the Airports Company under section 84, and identified by the
Authority in consultation with the Minister and the Airports Company, are deemed to be seconded
for a period of twelve months from the fixed date to the Airports Company and for that period shall
be subject to the direction and control of the Board of the Airports Company:

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

Provided that any conflict between a seconded employee's duties to the Airports Company and the
Authority shall during that period be determined by the Authority.

(2) After the period of twelve months referred to in subsection (1), or such longer period as the Airports
Company and the Minister may agree, the Airports Company may engage, with the consent of
the employees concerned, and (unless they agree to less favourable terms) on such terms not less
favourable than those enjoyed by them immediately prior to their engagement by the Airports
Company, any of the employees who on the fixed date were deemed to be seconded to the Airports
Company under subsection (1):

Provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, it is declared that any employee who refuses or is not
offered to be engaged by the Airports Company shall remain as an employee of the Authority.

(3) Persons referred to in subsection (2) who are engaged by the Airports Company shall, if they
were contributing to a pensions scheme managed by the Authority, be permitted to continue
contributing to that scheme.

[section 85 added by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

86. Authorised share capital of Airports Company

(1) The initial authorised share capital of the Airports Company shall be the sum of three thousand two
hundred United States Dollars ($3 200,00) divided into six thousand four hundred (6 400) ordinary
shares of a nominal value of fifty United States cents ($0.50) each.

(2) With the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance, the Board of the Airport
Company may by resolution increase the Company's share capital.

(3) Where the Board of the Company has increased the Company's share capital, the Minister shall
cause notice thereof to be published in the Gazette.

[section 86 added by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

87. Sharing of certain revenues between Airports Company and Authority, etc.
(1) Ninety per centum of—

(a) the Airport Departure Fee (commonly known as the passenger service charge) levied in
terms of the Civil Aviation (Airport Departure Fee) Regulations, 2003, published in Statutory
Instrument 165 of 2003, shall be retained by the Airports Company and the remaining ten per
centum shall be paid by the Company to the Authority; and

(b) landing and parking fees charged to air operators shall be retained by the Airports Company
and the remaining ten per centum shall be paid by the Company to the Authority; and

(c) the fuel levy charged to fuel service providers at the airports and aerodromes of the Airports
Company shall be retained by the Airports Company and and the remaining ten per centum
shall be paid by the Company to the Authority.

(2) The rental, if any, to be charged by the Authority in consideration for the use by the Airports
Company of its land long leased to it in terms of Statutory Instrument 193 or 2003 and of any of
the Authority's buildings thereon, shall be as agreed between the Minister, Authority and Airports
Company.

[section 87 added by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

88. Issue of securities in consideration for transfer of assets

(1) In consideration for the transfer of the assets of the Authority to the Airports Company by virtue of
section 84, the Airports Company, if so required by the Minister, shall issue such securities as the
Minister may direct to—

(a) the Minister or a person nominated by the Minister; and

(b) any person entitled to require the issue of securities following their initial allotment to a
person referred in paragraph (a).

(2) Securities issued pursuant to a direction under subsection (1)—

(a) shall be issued or allotted at such times and on such terms and conditions as the Minister
may direct; and

(b) shall be regarded as fully paid, and treated for the purposes of the Companies Act [Chapter
24:03] as if they had been paid up by virtue of the payment to the Airports Company of their
nominal value in cash.

(3) Any dividends or other moneys received by the Minister or any other person on behalf of the State
in right of or on the disposal of any security or right acquired by virtue of this section shall be paid
into the Consolidated Revenue Fund.

(4) Stamp duty shall not be chargeable under the Stamp Duties Act [Chapter 23:09]—

(a) in respect of any security issued in compliance with a direction under subsection (1); or

(b) where any convertible securities were issued in compliance with a direction under subsection
(1), in respect of the exercise of the conversion rights attached to any such security.

(5) The Minister shall not—

(a) give a direction under subsection (1) at a time when the Airports Company has ceased to be
wholly owned by the State; or

(b) exercise any power conferred on him or her by this section, or dispose of any security issued
or allotted to him or her pursuant to this section, or dispose of any right in such security,
except after consultation with the Minister responsible for finance.

[section 88 added by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

89. Assumption of debts; conversion of loans transferred to Airports Company

(1) In this section—

"transferred loan" means any moneys lent to the Authority by the State, the liability to repay which
vests in the Airports Company by virtue of section 84.

(2) The assumption of or succession to the liabilities in respect of domestic and international debts of
the Authority and Government of Zimbabwe before the transfer date shall be as agreed between the
Minister, Authority, Airports Company and the Minister responsible for finance.

(3) In relation any loans transferred to the Airports Company, the Company, if directed to do so by the
Minister, shall issue such securities as the Minister may require to—

(a) the Minister or a person nominated by the Minister; or

(b) any person entitled to require the issue of the securities following their initial allotment to a
person referred to in paragraph (a);

up to an amount equal to the amount of any transferred loan.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

(4) The issue of securities in terms of subsection (3) shall have the effect of extinguishing by novation
the transferred loan in respect of which the securities were issued, up to the nominal value of the
securities.

(5) Section 88(2) to (5) shall, with such changes as may be necessary, apply to the issue of securities
under this section and to the rights of holders of such securities.

[section 89 added by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

90. Minister may give directions to Authority

(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Act, the Minister may give the Board of the
Authority directions in writing in order to ensure the proper transfer of the assets and liabilities of
the Authority to the Airports Company, and the Board shall without delay comply with every such
direction.

(2) Without derogating from subsection (1), directions given under that subsection may provide for—

(a) the cessation of all or any of the functions of the Authority and any person in relation to
matters for which the Airports Company has become, is or will be responsible in pursuance
of its objects referred to in section 82(1);

(b) the termination of any contract entered into between the Authority and any person:

Provided that no such direction shall authorise the Authority to commit an unlawful breach
of any such contract;

(c) the production of any report and the provision of any information concerning the conduct of
the Authority or the Board of the Authority or anything done by or on behalf of the Authority
or the Board of the Authority.

[section 90 added by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

91. Airports Company deemed to be licensed

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act the Airports Company or any subsidiary company
formed by it for the purpose shall be deemed to be the holder of an operation licence issued in
terms of this Act and authorising the Company or any of its subsidiaries concerned to provide
and operate the same operational services and systems that the Authority provided and operated
immediately before the fixed date.

(2) The Authority shall without delay cause the relevant licences to be issued to the companies referred
to in subsection (1), and those licences may be renewed, amended, suspended or cancelled in all
respects as if they had been issued in terms of this Act.

[section 91 added by section 19 of Act 10 of 2018]

Schedule (Section 6)

Powers of Authority
1. To acquire premises necessary or convenient for the exercise of its functions and, for that purpose, to
buy, take in exchange, hire or otherwise acquire immovable property and interests in and rights over such
property.

2. To buy, take in exchange, hire or otherwise acquire movable property.

3. To maintain, alter and improve any of its property.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

4. To mortgage or pledge any of its assets and, with the Minister’s approval, to sell, exchange, let, dispose of,
turn to account or otherwise deal with any assets which are not required for the exercise of its functions,
for such consideration as the Board may determine.

5. To draw, make, accept, indorse, discount, execute and issue promissory notes, bills of exchange, bills of
lading, securities and other negotiable or transferable instruments.

6. To insure against losses, damages, risks and liabilities which it may incur.

7. To make contracts and enter into suretyships or give guarantees, and to modify or rescind such contracts
or rescind such suretyships or guarantees.

8. With the Minister’s approval—

(a) to enter into, renew, cancel or abandon arrangements with any government or authority, local or
otherwise; and

(b) to obtain from such government or authority rights, privileges and concessions; and to carry out
and exercise such arrangements, rights, privileges and concessions.

9. With the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance, to establish and administer
funds and reserves.

10. With the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance, to pay such remuneration
and allowances and grant such leave of absence and to make such gifts and bonuses and the like to its
employees as the Board thinks fit.

11. To provide pecuniary benefits for its employees on their retirement, resignation, discharge or other
termination of service or in the event of their sickness or injury and for their dependants, and for that
purpose to effect policies of insurance, establish pension or provident funds or make such other provision
as may be necessary to secure for its employees and their dependants any or all the pecuniary benefits to
which this paragraph relates.

12. With the Minister’s approval, to purchase, take in exchange, hire or otherwise acquire land or dwellings for
use or occupation by its employees.

13. To construct buildings and other improvements for use or occupation by its employees on land which it
has purchased, taken in exchange, hired or otherwise acquired.

14. To sell or let land or dwellings for residential purposes to its employees.

15. With the Minister’s approval, to make or guarantee loans to its employees or their spouses for—

(a) the purchase of dwellings or land for residential purposes; or

(b) the construction or improvement of dwellings on land which is the property of its employees or
their spouses.

16. To provide security in respect of loans such as are described in paragraph 15 by the deposit of securities, in
which it may invest such moneys as the Board considers necessary for the purpose.

17. With the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance, to make loans to its employees
—

(a) for the purpose of purchasing vehicles, tools or other equipment to be used by the employees in
carrying out their duties; or

(b) not exceeding three months salary or wages payable to the employees concerned, for any purpose
on such security as the Board thinks adequate.

18. To do anything for the purpose of improving the skill, knowledge or usefulness of its employees, and
in that connection to provide or assist other persons in providing facilities for training, education and
research.

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Civil Aviation Act (Chapter 13:16) Zimbabwe

19. With the Minister’s approval, to provide such services as the Board considers could properly be provided
by the Authority, and, subject to regulations made in terms of section seventy-nine, to charge for those
services such fees as the Board may determine from time to time.

20. With the approval of the Minister and the Minister responsible for finance, to grant such scholarships
or bursaries as the Board considers to be in the interests of aviation in Zimbabwe, on such terms and
conditions as the Board may fix in any particular case.

21. With the Minister’s approval, to engage in, establish, operate or manage schemes for—

(a) the training of persons engaged in or to be engaged in any activity connected with aviation;

(b) the development of aviation in Zimbabwe.

22. With the approval of the Minister, to promote, establish or acquire companies, partnerships or other
undertakings and, in connection with any such company, partnership or undertaking—

(a) to manage it and act as its secretary;

(b) to appoint any person to act on behalf of the Authority as a director or partner, as the case may be,
or in any other capacity in relation thereto.

23. Generally, to do anything that is calculated to facilitate or is incidental or conducive to the performance of
its functions under this Act or any other enactment.

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