ee EERE EEE EEE EEE EID EI EI IEIEI EI II IE IDI IE III II III II II EID EIEIO EO ET Drainage Fastracl« Revision > The term drainage describes the river system of an area > The area drained by a single river system Is called a drainage basin > The world’s largest drainage basin Is of the Amazon river, Jn South America whereas itis oF the Ganga river in india, > The streamswithina drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure as well as tho climatic conditions of the area, These are as follows: > The dondritle pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain > A river joined by its trbutaries, at approximately right angles, develops a tralls pattorn ‘Knowletige BOOSTER AR Aniver along with its tributaries moy be colled a river ‘Ne system, > Aractangular drainage pattorn devalops ona strongly Jointed rocky terrain. > Tho radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions From a central peak or dome Uke structure. > Any elevated area such as a mountain or an upland soparates two drainage basins which is called as a water divide > The drainage system is mainly controlled by the broad relief Features of a country and formed by the rivers that flow In it. The drainage system of India can be understood in context of the Himalayan rivers, Peninsular rivers and the various lakes. > Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial. These rivers receive water from rainfall as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains. The Himalayan rivers have long courses from thelr source to the sea, The major Himalayan rivers are the Indus, the Brahmaputra end the Gange which ‘originate From the North of the mountains, These river systems are discussed below > The river Indus lles In Tibet, near Lake Mansorovar. Flowing West, It enters India in the Ladakh. it Forms a picturesque gorge In this part. Several tributaries, the Zaskar, the Nubra, the Shyok and the Hunza join it in the Kashmir region. The Indus is one of the longest rivers in the worid having a total length of 2900 km. > The headwaters ofthe Ganga, called the ‘Shagirathiare Fes by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda ‘at Devprayag in Uttarakhand. At Haridwar, the Ganga emerges from the mountains on to the plains. The tributaries of Ganga from the Himalayas are the ‘Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak, the Kosi, ete > The Brahmaputra risesin Tibet, East of the Mansarovar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Sutlej. It is stightly longer than the Indus. In India, it passes through a region of high rainfall end carries a large volume of water. uring rainy season, it causes videspread devastation due to floods in Assam and Bangladesh. > A large number of the Paninsular rivers are seasonal. During the dry season, these rivers have reduced flow of water in thelr channels, These rivers have shorter and shallower courses as compared to their Himalayan counterparts. Some of the major rivers oF the Peninsula, are the Narmado, the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaverl, These rivar systems are discussed below: > The Narmada rises in Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh, It Hows towards the West in a rift valley Formed due to faulting, The Narmada basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, > ThoTapi rises in the Satpura ranges, inthe Betul district ‘of Madhya Pradesh. its basin covers parts oF Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat und Maharashtra. > The Godavari is the largest peninsular river. It rises From the slopes of the Western Ghats In the Nasik district of Maharashtra. Its length Is about 1,500 km, It drains Inte the Bay of Bengal. Its drainage basins the largest among the peninsular rivers. Knowledge BOOSTER AR, Because of its length and the area covered, the {2 Godavari 's atso known a5 the ‘Dakshin Gang. > The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh, it flows through Odisha to reach the Bay cf Bengal. ts length is about 850 km. > The Krishna river rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar. It flows for about 1,400 km and reaches the Bay of Bengal > The Kaveri risas in Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in South of Cuddalore, in Tamil Nadu. Its total length Is about 760km. > India has many Lakes. Some of the lakes are the result of the action of glaciars and ice sheets, while the others have been Formed by wind, river action and human activities. > The Oal lake, shimtal, Nainital, Loktak and Barapanl are some important freshwater lakesEEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EIDE EEE EEE EE EE DEED EE EEE IEE EEE EEE EE EDIE EIEI EIEIO IEE Be BOOSTER jokes are used for irrigation, navigation and Petre power genercton, F great value to human beings as will be clear From the Following points: > They help to regulate the Flow ofa river. > During heavy rainfall, they prevent flooding and maintain even flow of water during the dry season. > They moderate the climate of the surroundings, maintain the aquatic ecosystem and enhance natural beauty. > Thay help to develop tourism and provide recreation. > The rivers and lakes of India suffer from the Following problems: > The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural demand for water fram rivers and lakes naturally affects the quality of water. Asa result, more and more water Is dralned out of the rivers and lakes reducing thelr volume. Due to industrialisation and urbanisation, pollution level Is rising in these water bodies. A heavy load of Untreated sewage and Industrial effluents are emptied Into the rivers and lakes. xX Practice Exercise Multiple choice Questions y QL. The river system of an area Is referred to as: a. drainage . delta ©. water flow . river bed Q2. When an area is being drained by a single river systom, itis called: a. Rivar system b. Drainage system ©. Drainage basin d. Rivor low Q8. Which of tho following Is the largest drainago basin of the world? a, Ganga basin b, Brahmaputra basin ©. Nile basin d. Amazon basin Q4, The » pattarn develops where the river channol follows the slope of the tarrain. a. Dandritie b. Trellis «. Radial 4. All of these Knowledge BSOsTER Ry The dendritic pattern is named so because the stream \S< with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree, QS. Which of the following Is the Largest basin In India? . Brohmaputra basin —b. Ganga basin ©. Indus basin 4. Godavar! basin Q6. Which river Is called the Dihang when it enters India in Arunachal Pradesh? a. The Ganga b. The Brahmaputra . The Indus 4. The Kaverl Q7. At which place, the Ganga emerges from the mountains on to the plains? a. Dehradun b. Alaknanda c. Haridwar a. Nainital Q6. Which of the following Is not a tributary of Ganga, from the Himalayas? a. Yamuna © Kosi b. Gandak d. Godavar! Q9. Quo. qu. que. Qus. Qu. Qs. 6. qu. The river which Joins Chenab In Pakistan: 2. Suttle] b. Chenab c Jhelum d. Beas Which one of the following rivers Is known as the “Dokshin Ganga’? a. The Narmada b. The Godavari ©. The krishna d. The Tapl Which place is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river system? a. Ambala b Allahabad (Now Prayagral) . Haridwar d. None of the above Which among the following tributaries of Ganga came from the peninsular uplands? a. Kosl b. Gandak ©. Betwa . Yamuna Which river rises In Tibet, near Mansarovar lake? a. Ganga b, Brahmaputra «. Kaverl 4. Beas Which is a tributary of Brahmaputra river? a. Kos b. Lohit cc. Koyana— d. Musi Which of the following Is the largest tributary of the Ganga? a. Godavari b. Krishna c Son d. Yamuna The main water divide in Peninsular India is formed bythe... which runs from North to South, a. Eastern Ghats ', Western Ghats, Eastern Coast . Konkan Plain Which of the following cities is located at the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna? a. Delhi b. Kanpur Haridwar 4. Allahabad (Now Prayagrai) eeQs. Q20, 2a, Qa. gas. Q26. 27. Q28. Q29. , ee qa. ee. | rivers like the Mahanadi, the Godavari, ina and Kaver! flow in which of the following tions? astwards b. westwards c Southwards 4. Northwards Which of the following rivers flows in West direction and make estuaries? a. Tap b. Ganga c Son 6. Krishna Which one of the following rivers rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh? 2. Mahanach b. Krishna c Tapl 4. Damodar Which river rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh? 2. Tapt b. Krishna c Kaver! 6. Narmada Which of the following rivers has no tributaries? @. Narmada b. Nahanodi © Yamuna 4. Chenab Which of the two states does river Kaveri pass through? a. Telangana and Karnataka b. Andhra Pradesh and Kerala . Karnataka and Tamil Nadu d. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Which of the following rivers Is known as the ‘sortow’ of West Bengal? a. Damodar b. Indus © Tepl 9. Narmada Which one of the following freshwater lakes Is the largest? 2. Wular b. oat . Nalnitat 4. Barapani ‘A meandering rivar across a flood plain form: later develop into... a. cutoffs. oxbow ——_b, ax-bow. cut-offs C horseshoe, ox-bow — d. None of these The Wular lake In Jammu and Kashmir is the result of which of the following activities? a, Tectonic activity —_—_b, Ralnfatl & Human activity 4. None of these Which of the following lakes is formed as a result cof tectonic activity? a. Wolar lake b. Kolleru lake © Loktak lake 4. Sarnbhar lake The Dal Lake, Bhimtal, Nainital, Loktakand Barapani are examples of which type of lakes? a. Natural salt water lakes b. Natural freshwater lakes © Man-made freshwater lakes 4. None of the above Q30. Q3L. Q32. 33. Q 34. Q38. Dal lake is located at which of the following places in india? a, Jammu ©. Ladakh In which of the following states is Sambhar Lake situated? a, Rajasthan ©. Assam Which of the following lakes in Rajasthan is a salt ‘water lake? a, Dhebar take b, Kaylana lake ¢. Sambhar lake d. Ana Sagar take Identify the river with its given characteristic features: (i) It rises in the Satpura ranges in the Botul district of Madhya Pradesh, (li) Its Length is about 724 km, (ili tt covers part of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra, a, Narmada river ©. Godavari river Match the following b. Kashmir d. Baramulla b, Uttarakhand d. Jammu and Kashmir b. Tapl river d. Nahanadi river River Origin/Rise A. Amarkantak hills of Madhya Pradesh Narmada river 2.Mahanadl river B. Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwor 3. Krishna river C. Brahmagiel range of the Western Ghats 4, aver! river D. Highlands of Chhattisgarh 1234 aa BC Oo bo BDA cA 0 BC da Cc 80 Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct opti Statoment (I): The Ganga Is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, few of them being major rivers such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, tho Gandak and the Kosi. Statoment (Ii); The river Yamuna rises from the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas. It flows parallel to the Ganga and as a right bank tributary, meets the Ganga at Allahabad, a, Statement (6 correct and (Il) Is incorrect. b, Statement (i incorrect and (I) Is correct. . Both statements are incorrect. d, Both statements are correct.ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI EIEI IDI I IDI IDI III II III II II IID IEEE EO ET the following statements carefully and | the correct option: lent (I): Apart from originating from the lajor physiographic regions of India, the xayan and the Peninsular Rivers are different from each other in many ways. Statement (I): The drainage systems of India are mainly controlled by the broad relief features of the shallower courses as compared to their Himalayan counterparts. a, Statement (I) Is correct and (i) is incorrect. b. Statement (I) is incorrect and (l) is correct. c. Both statements are incorrect. 4. Both statements are correct. “@ Assertion & Reason tye Questions y Directions (Q Nos. 37-42): In the following questions given below, there are nwo statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).Read the statements and choose the correct option: a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (A) are true and Reason (R) Is the carrect explanation af Assertion (A). b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (A) are true, but Reason (R) Is nat the carract explanation of Assertion (A), c. Assertion (A) is true. but Reason (R) Is false. d, Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) Is true (37. Assertion (A): Most of the Himalayan rivots are Perennial. Reason (R): These rivers recelve water from rain as well as fram melted snow from the high mountains and have water throughout the year. 38, Assertion (A): The flow of peninsular rivers Is dependent on rainfall. Reason (R): These rivers have longer courses as ‘compared to the Himalayan rivars. 039. Assertion (A): In Assam, the Brahmaputra river carries a large amount of water and large amount of silt Reason (R): Assam Is a high rainfall aroa, 940. Assertion (A): Rivers are important for the country’s ‘economy, Reason (R):Rivers provide water which is necessary for the survival of man and for irrigation. Q41. Assertion (A): Water pollution in rivers causes a significant danger to human health. Reason (R): Human belngs depend on rivers for many dally activities and necessities such as drinking water. 42, Assertion (A): The Godavari river is also known as the Dakshin Ganga. Reason (R): The length of Godavari river Is about 1,500 km and it covers a large area of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Answers ° LO) 2 © 2M 4&6) 5& 607 @ a %@ m i H. (2) 2 (@ Bb) HO) BW 16 (b) 7 () (0) 1. (a) 2. (a) DL (A) 2B (a) 23 () 2 (a) 2. (a) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (2) 29. (b) 30. (>) BL (a) 32 (6) 3B (b) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. () 39. (a) 40. (a) 1 (2) 42. (a) -@ Source Based Questions w Source 1 aL Qe. Q3. Read the source given below and auswer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate option. The Brahmaputra Tibet Enst of Mansarovar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Sutlej, It is slightly longer than the Indus, and most of its course lies outside India. Ii flows Eastwards parallel to the Himalayas. On reaching the Namcha Barwa (7,757 m), it takes a *U" tum and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, itis called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, and many other tributaries to form the Brahmaputra in Assam, rises in In Tibet, the river curries o smaller volume of ‘water and less silt as it is a cold und a dry uren. In India, it pnsses through a region of high rainfall, Here, the river carries a large volume of water and considerable amount of silt. The Bruhmaputra has a braided channel in its entire longth in Assam and forms many riverine istands. In which state of India does river Brahmaputra hhave a braided channel in its entire Length? 2. Assam b. Arunachal Pradesh . West Bengal @. Both a. and b Where do Brahmaputra river takes a'U' turn? 2. Mansarovar lake b. Namcha Barwa Farakka 4. Ambala Through which of the following Brahmaputra river enters India In Arunachal Pradesh? a. Gorge b. Meander Pass 4, Delta, ‘9.4 foam which of the following regions, the river hmaputra rises? fibet West of Mansarovar lake flbet East of Mansarovar lake Slopes of the Western Ghats d. Slopes of the Eastern Ghats Q5. Why does Brahmaputra river carry a larger volume of water and silt in India compared to Tibet? a. It flows through a deep gorge. b. It passes through a region of high rainfall. ©. Itis formed with alluvial deposits, It hag a dendritic drainage pattern Q6. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read them and choose the correct. option: Assertion (A): In India, the Brahmaputra river turns into mature and old stage. Reason (R): It gets overloaded with silt and sediments. 2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (A) Is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) Is not the correct explanation oF Assertion (A) . Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 4d. Agsertion (A) Is false, but Reason (R) is true. Answers * 1) 2(b) 3) 4) 5.6) 6.(b) Source 2 Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow Apart from originating from the two major physiographic regions of India, the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers are different from each other in many ways. Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial, It means that they have ‘water throughout the year. These rivers receive ‘water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains, The two major Himalayan rivers, the Indus and the Brahmaputra originate from the North of the mountain ranges. They have cut through tho mountains making gorges Tho Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea. They perform intensive erosional activity in their upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand. In the middle and the lower courses, these rivers form meanders, ox-bow lakes, and many other depositional features in their floodplains They also have well-developed deltas. Qu Ans. Qa Ans. Q3. Ans. -& Very Short Answer type Questions Qu Ans. Qa. Ans. Qa. Ans. a4. Ans. Qs. Ans, 6. Ans. Q7. Ans. Q8. Ans. ee Mention any two features of the Himalayan rivers. The two features of the Himalayan rivers are ()) They have long courses fram thelr source to the sea. {i) These rivers perform both erosional as well as depositional activities. Why are most of the Himalayan rivers perennial? Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial because they have water throughout the year. They receive water fram rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains. How do the Himalayan rivers form depositional features? When Himalayan rivers reach the plains, the slope of the land Is much less. slowing down the river and_making them deposit much of the silt they have accumulated. So, the Himolayan rivers form depositional features in thelr lower courses, What do you understand by the torm ‘drainage basin’? The area drained by a single river system Is called ‘drainage basin’ What are perennial rivers? Perennial rivers are those rivers which have water throughout the year. Name three major rivers of tha Indian subcontinent which originate beyond the Himalayas. The three major rivers of the Indian suacontinont that originate beyond Himalayas are the Indus, Sutle| and the Brahmaputra, State the total length of the Ganga river. The total length of the Ganga river Is 2.500 km. Which of the rivers Beas, Ghaghara, Indus and Yamuna rises from a glacler in Uttarakhand? The Yamuna rises from the Yamunotrl glacler in Uttarakhand, Which pattern develops when streams flow in different diractions from a central peak? The radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak Name any two tributaries of the Brahmaputra river. The Dibang and Lohit are the two tributaries of the Grahmaputra river. What is the Sundarban famous for? Sundarban Is famous for being the home of the Royal Bengal Tiger elAns. Quo. Ans. Qu. Ans. que. Ans. Qs. Ans. Qu Ans. Qus. Ans. Qis. Ans. qu. Ans. Q16. Ans. Qu. Ans. Q20. Ans. , ee ‘he picture and answer the question that ‘What does the above picture depicts? The above picture depicts the meeting point of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda at Devprayag Which is the Northernmost point of the Ganga Delta? Farakka in West Bengal is the Northernmost paint of the Ganga Delta. ‘When does the Ganga is called the Meghna? When the Ganga flows Southwards Into Bangladesh 1nd ig joined by the Brahmaputra. It is known as the Meghna State any one importont foature of the river Brahmaputra. The river Brahmaputra has a braided channel in Its entire length in Assam and forms many Averine {alanca Name five rivers rising In the Western Ghats. Godavari, Krishna. Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Ghatprabha are the five rivers rising in Western Ghats Which rivor Is known as ‘Dakshin Ganga’? ‘The Godavarl. because of Its Length and the area It covers. is known as ‘Dokshin Gango. In which hills does the Narmada rise? The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh In which hills does the Tapl river rise? The Tapi river rises in the Satpura hills near Betul in Madhya Pradesh, Why are the Peninsular rivers seasonal? Peninsular rivers do_not_originate from snow covered mountains, so they dry up in summer. Where are the most of the freshwater lakes located? Most of the freshwater lakes are located in the Himalayan region Name a salt water lake. ‘Sambhar take in Rajasthan is a salt water lake. Where can we find marble rocks? Marble rocks are found In Jabalpur. -@ Short Answer type Questions y 1. Explain any three drainage patterns formed by the stream. ‘Ans. The three drainage patterns which could be formed are as follows: ()) Dendritic: The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain. The stream with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree. (i) Radiat: A radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions fram a central peak ar domedke structure (ll) Rectangular: A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly [olned rocky terrain Q2. State three features of peninsular rivers. Ans. The following are the features of peninsular rivers: {)) A large number of the peninsular rivers are seasonal (i) Theserivers have shorter and shallower courses as compared to their Himalayan Counterparts (il) Some of them originate in the Central Highlands and flow towards the West (Narmada and Tap] (iv) Most peninsular rivers originate in the Western Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bongal 3. The poninsutar rivers are not navigable, Give roasons. Ans. Peninsular rivers are not navigable because of the following reasons: () A large qumber of the peninsular rivers are eusonal, The flow of peninaular rivers Is dependent upon rainfall and they gonerally dry up in the summer (i) River beds are uneven, rocky and have sharp slopes (il) Construction of dams on those rivers has also made navigation difficult Q4. The Poninsular rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal? Justify your answer with two reasons. Ans. Most of the Peninsular rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal because of the following reasons: ()) The Eastern Ghats are lower than the Western Ghats. These are discontinuous, allowing the rivers easy passage to the Bay of Bengal (i) The Deccan plateau hos a gentle slope towards the East, which gives easler passage in that direction. 5. How was Sundarban Delta formed? ‘Ans. The Ganga mainstream flows Southwards_into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra, thus resulting in the formation of a delta The delta Formed by these rivers is known as the Sundarban Delta. The Sundarban Delta derived its name from the Sundari tree which grows well in marshlands. It \s the world's largest and fastest growing delta., ee ‘ch two major rivers form the largest delta. tion any four features of this delta. Ganga_and the Brahmaputra are the two br rivers that form the largest delta called the Sundarban delta. The four features of this delta are: ()) tls formed with alluvial deposits which make It very fertile (i) A major part of this detta tes in Bangladesh. () The Mahanadi basin covers parts _of the states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha and Maharashtra (i) It rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh and flows through Odisha to reach the Bay of Bengal. (li) The Length of the river is about 860 km. The Hirakud dam has been built on it forming the Hirakud reservoir due to the devastating Rods (ii) This region is densely covered by mangrove forests and Is the home for Royal Bengal Tiger (iv) The Sundarban is UNESCO world heritage site ‘anid (5 the worlds largest datta. Q7. Briefly describe the Narmada basin. ‘Ans. The Narmada rises in Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. It flows towards the West In a rift valley formed due to faulting In Jabalpur. it passes through ‘marble rocks' where It laws through a deep gorge. and also plunges ovor stoop rocks as the ‘Ohuandhar Fol. All the tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the mainstream at right angles. The Narmada bosin covers part of Madhya Pradesh and Gulerat. ERROR Students do not mention all the features of Normado basin in note form such as areas covered. Q6. What are the features of the Tapl basin? ‘Ans, Features of the Tapl basin are as Follows: ()) The Taplrines in the Satpura ranges in tho Botul district of Machya Pradesh, (i) fe flows In a rift valley parallel to the Narmada but itis much shorter In lengthy (lil) Its basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gularat and Maharashtra (iv) The main West-flovring rivers of this basin are the Sabarmoti the Mahi, the Bharathpuzha and the Periyar, Q9. Write a note on Godavari basin, ‘Ans. The Godavari river rises from the slope of Western byitin the previous years. Q1L Write short note on the Krishna basin, ‘Ans. The Krishna river originates from a spring near ‘Mahabaleshwar and flows for about L400 km and reaches the Bay of Bengal Some of Its tributaries are Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the ‘Musi and the hima. Its dralnage basin is shared by ‘Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. 12. Give differences between natural lake and artificial lake. Ans, Difference between natural lake and artificial lake are Basis of Artificial SMO oittorence | MUMS | Lake () | Formation | It formed | itis lake duo to action | made b of wind man, laclers. etc (W | Process | Itisalow- | Man-made lyingpare | or artificial ofearth's | water bodies wrfacein | are made by which the | delberately rahwater — | collecting wwaterin shallow areas. (iy | Skee These lakes | These lakes are deeper | are smaller Ghats in Nasik ts length iS approximately, 1500 km, Due to Its tength, tt Gongd. Its drainage basin is the largest among the eningular rivers. Its tributaries are the Purna. the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra. the Wainganga and the Penganga Q10. Mention any three important foatures of the Mahanadi basin, ‘Ans. The three important features af the Mahanadi basin are: TiP Give the aifferences on various bases In tabular format. 13. Write some salient features of salt Lakes. Ans. Salient features of salt lakes are as follows () The salt Lakes have salty water. (i) They are generally found in arid and semi-arid parts. (ii) They are fed by short and intermittent streams. (Iv) During dry season, they get dried uQ14. What are the major reasons for the reduction in 2 of water in most of the rivers? alor reasons for the reduction in volume of n most of the rivers are lere has been an increase In demand of river water for domestic needs due to increase In population (i) There is a decline in rainfall_which feeds the rivers due to change in climate. (il) The growing demand of industry and agriculture for_water is fulfilled from the river which reduces the volume of water In rivers. @ Long Answer type Questions y QI. State the various features of the Himalayan rivers. Ans. The following are the features of Himalayan rivers: (i) Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial (li) The mojor Himalayan rivers originate from the North of the mountains, (ii) The Himalayan rivers have long coursos from thelr source to the sea. () They perform intensive erosional activity In sheir upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand. (v) In the middle and the lower courses, these rivers form meandors. ox-bow lakas and many cother depositional Features in tholr floodplains (ul) They also have well-developed deltas. 2. Explain the features of the Ganga river basin, Ans, The following are the featuras of the Ganga river basin: (i) The Ganga has two _headstreamn, viz. the Alaknanda_and the Bhagirathl, They Join together at Devprayag (i) From the Himalayas. the Ganga enters the plains at Haridwar, It is joined together by 3 large number of tributaries tike the Ghagharo, the Gandak and the Kosi (ill) The Yamuna and the Son are the two main right bank tributaries of the Ganga, (iv) The Ganga enters Gangladesh_as the river Padma. If flows Southwards through Bangladesh and Is joined by the Brahmaputra, thereby knawn as the Jamuna. After joining with Meghna, itis known as the Meghna, (v) The length of the Ganga Is over 2.500 km. and it has the largest basin. Q3. Mention some important features of the Brahmaputra River system. ‘Ans. Same Important features of the Brahmaputra river system are () The Grahmaputra rises in Tibet_€ast_of the ‘Mansarovar lake. It Is slightly longer than the a. Ans. 6. Ans. Q6. Ans. (i) It has a braided channel in Its entire Length in ‘Assam and forms many riverine Islands. (li) Every year during the rainy season, the river overflows it banks, causing widespread devastation in Assam and Bangladesh (iv) This river is marked by huge deposits of silt on its river bed causing a tremendous rise in the water level (¥) This river also shifts its channel frequent Which two peninsular rivers flow Westwards? Mention two ities and two differences between the two rivers. The Narmada and the Tapl rivers flow Westwards. The following are the similarities betwoen these two rivers! () These rivers flow through a rift valle (0) The tributaries of these rivers are small in size. The following are the differences between these two rivers: () The Tapi is the second largest rivr of the Peninsular Indian and the Narmada is the fifth largest river (i) The Narmada river forms and estuary befor entering Into tho Gulf of Khambhat. On the other hand. the Tapl does not form an estuary. Describe the importance of lakes to human beings. Lakes are very important to human beings. Tho following points make this clear: ()) They help to regulate the flow of a river. (i) During heavy rainfall. they prevent flooding and during the dry season they help maintain an even flow of water. (li) Lakes are also used to developing hydel power, (iv) They modorate the climate of the surrounding, area, (v) They provide recraation throu, swvienming. Why are ‘aconomy? The rivers are important for the countrys economy because of the following reasons: ()) Besides water, the rivers carry sediments and minerals which are very useful for us (W) They make the soil fertile which can be used for cultivation” — ~ (li) Rivers sustain all types of human_activities Uke hunting gathering. pastoral_and farming activities. (iv) Their water is extensively used In Irrigation and in developing hydroelectrici (v) They are used as a means of vansportation which can carry men and material from one boating and rivers important for the country’sition any five main features of the Ganga Action, in. main features of the Ganga Actlon Plan are: v) Sewage flowing into the river is to be diverted to other locations for treatment and conversion into energy source. (i) The diversion of several major drains carrying wastes Into the river has been campleted in ities like Varanasi, Patna and Kanpur and the pollution level too has been decreased (il) An infrastructure capable of diverting and {rooting 836 milllon Utras per day of domestic Q8 Explain the ‘National River Conservation Plan’ (NRCP) in brief. ‘Ans, in 1965, the activities of Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase were Initiated which ware declared closed fon 31st March, 2000: The Steering Committee of the National River Conservation Authority reviewed the progress of the GAP and undertook necessary corrections on the basis of lessons learnt and experiences pained from GAP Phase-l These have been applied to the major polluted rivers of the country under the NRCP. The Ganga Action Plan Phase- has been merged withthe NRCP The expanded NRCP now covers 352 town located along 27 Intorstate_rivers_in waste or sewage has been created, (Iv) The Ganga Action Pian has been merged with the National River Cansarvatian Plan. (W) It now covers 152 towns located along 27 lnterstates in over 16 states, 16 states, Under this action plan. pollutlonabatement works are being taken up in 57 towns. A total of 215 schemes of pollution abatements have been ‘sanctioned. Soar. 69 schemes have been completed Under this action plan. A million Utres of sewage Is targeted to be intercepted, diverted and treatod. x Chapter Test Multiple Choice Questions Assertion and Reason Type Questions below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (4) ond Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. India in Arunachal Pradesh? a. The Ganga ee b Tho Brahmaputra c The indus d. The Kaveri Q2. Which one of the following rivers rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashi ‘. Mahanadi Godavari b. Narmada 4. Koyna 3. The city Located on the water divide betwoon the Indus and the Ganga river system is: . Jabalpur b. Ambala © Meerut 4. Chandigarh (4. Which one of the following is nat a tributary of the river Ganga? a. Yamuna b. Sutle| ¢ Ghaghara 4. Kos! 5. Which of the following types of lakes Is formed due to river action? a, Salt water lakes b. Glacial lakes Oxbow lakes 4. Lagoons , ) QL Which river is called the Dihang when it enters Directions (Q Nos. 6-7): in the folloning questions given 2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) Is not the correct expuanation of Assertion (A). . Assertion (A) Is true, but Reason (R) is false. . Assertion (A) Is false, but Reason (R) Is true. Q6. Assortion (A): River banks have attracted settlers from anciant times. Reason (R): Rivers provide water for Irrigation and facilities for inland navigation. Q7, Assertion (A):In Trellis pattern, straight tributaries meet straight trunk streams with bends at almost right angles. Reason (R): They are formed on tho sadimentary racks of different resistance to erosion, Source Based Question QB. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow by choosing the mast appropriate option. ‘The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river, It rises ftom tho slopes of the Wester Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra, Its length is about 1,500 km. It drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its drainage basin is also the lnngest among the eeee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ————ylar rivers. hshtra (about SO por cent of the basin area Maharashtra), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha idhra Pradesh. The Godavari is joined by —-—-ber of tributaries, such as the Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga. The last three tributaries are very large. Because of its length and the area it covers, itis also known as the Dakshin Ganga () What is the length of Godavari river? a. 1400 km b, 1500 km . 1600 km 4.1700 km (). Which of the following tributaries join Godavari? a. Purna . Wardha ©. Prantita 4. Allof these (lll) Which is the largest river of the Peninsular India? a, Godavari b. Krishna «. Kaveri 4. Tapl (iv) From which place the river Godavari rises? a, Amarkantak hills b. Eastern Ghats, . Weatorn Ghat d. Satpura ranges (¥) Through which of the following states the river Godavari flows? a, Maharashtra b. Madhya Pradesh . Odlsha d. All of the above The basin covers parts of (vl) Why Ganga? a. tis the Longest river. b. It covers the largest area c. Itrmakes the biggest waterfall 0. Both a. and, Godavari river also known as Dakshin Very Short Answer Type Questions Q9. Name the two picturesque locations created by the Narmada basin, Q10. From where does the river Ganga originate? Name the tributarles of the Ganga river. Short Answer Type Questions QIL Discuss the significant difforences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers. Q1z. How do the Himalayan rivers perform erosional activities and form depositional features? 13. Define the term drainage, What are the difforent types of drainage patterns? Long Answer Type Questions QA. Give five characteristics of tho Ganga-Brahmaputra delta. QJ5. Discuss about the uses of salt water lakes in India reference to Sambhar and Chitika lakes.