EE5206 - Embedded Systems Design and Implementation
M.L.K Nilupul - 29034T
Assignment – 01
1) Consider capabilities of PIC16F87X microcontroller based on specifications given in
the data sheet.
Automated Industrial Conveyor System
An automated industrial conveyor system is a widely used automation solution in manufacturing
and logistics to transport materials from one point to another with minimal human intervention.
This system integrates different components such as motors, sensors, controllers, and actuators to
ensure smooth, efficient, and safe operation.
Key Components:
• Inputs (Sensors): Proximity sensors, weight sensors, speed sensors, photoelectric
sensors, limit switches, temperature sensors.
• Controller: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or microcontroller, which processes
sensor inputs, calculates the required actions, and sends commands to actuators.
• Outputs (Actuators): Motors, servos, brakes, and conveyors that execute the physical
movement of materials.
Fig_01
Typical Control Flow:
a) Sensors: Detect the presence of an object on the conveyor (e.g., proximity sensors).
b) Controller: Based on sensor inputs, the controller decides whether to start, stop, or adjust
the speed of the conveyor.
c) Actuators: The controller sends signals to motors and servos to move the conveyor belt.
d) Feedback (Closed-loop): Sensors continuously monitor the speed, position, or weight of
items on the belt, and the controller adjusts the system accordingly.
2) List three examples of hard real-time systems and explain the real-time conditions
for one example.
i). Airbag Control System in Automobiles
ii). Pacemaker
iii). Avionic Weapons Delivery System
Explanation of Real-Time Conditions for Airbag Control System in Automobiles:
The airbag must deploy within a very strict time frame, typically within 20-30 milliseconds,
after detecting a crash event. This extremely short deadline ensures the airbag is deployed
before the passenger hits the steering wheel, dashboard, or other parts of the car. The system
must always guarantee that the airbag will deploy within this deadline, regardless of the
circumstances If it fails to do so, can result in such as severe injury or death.
3) Compare the properties of the microcontrollers
Feature ATmega328P PIC16F877A ARM Cortex-M4 TI
(STM32F407) MSP430G2553
32-bit RISC
Architecture 8-bit RISC 8-bit Harvard 16-bit RISC
(ARMv7)
Clock Speed 16 MHz 20 MHz Up to 168 MHz 16 MHz
Flash Memory 32 KB 14 KB 1 MB 16 KB
RAM 2 KB 368 Bytes 192 KB 512 Bytes
Power
Low Low Ultra-low Ultra-low
Consumption
ADC, DAC, USB,
ADC, PWM, UART, ADC, PWM, UART, ADC, UART, SPI,
Peripherals Ethernet, UART,
SPI, I2C SPI, I2C I2C
I2C
GPIO Pins 23 33 82 24
