S UQHSUH QS September 4 2023
Nursing, 2-I M/W 10;30PM - 12:00 PM
NCM 108 HEALTH ETHICS
1. When is the agent/doer responsible for the evil effect of a cause direct willed?
A concept from philosophy known as the Principle of Indirect Voluntariness holds that states
that a person/agent is responsible for the evil effect of a cause directly willed when three
conditions are met:
The agent is responsible for such an
effect when three conditions are fulfilled, viz.: (1) The agent must be able to foresee
the evil effect, at least in a general way. (2) The agent must be free to refrain from
doing that which is the cause of the evil effect. (3) The agent must be morally
bound not to do that which is the cause of the evil effect.
The agent is responsible for such an
effect when three conditions are fulfilled, viz.: (1) The agent must be able to foresee
the evil effect, at least in a general way. (2) The agent must be free to refrain from
doing that which is the cause of the evil effect. (3) The agent must be morally
bound not to do that which is the cause of the evil effect.
The agent is responsible for such an
effect when three conditions are fulfilled, viz.: (1) The agent must be able to foresee
the evil effect, at least in a general way. (2) The agent must be free to refrain from
doing that which is the cause of the evil effect. (3) The agent must be morally
bound not to do that which is the cause of the evil effect.
The agent is responsible for such an
effect when three conditions are fulfilled, viz.: (1) The agent must be able to foresee
the evil effect, at least in a general way. (2) The agent must be free to refrain from
doing that which is the cause of the evil effect. (3) The agent must be morally
bound not to do that which is the cause of the evil effect.
The agent is responsible for such an
effect when three conditions are fulfilled, viz.: (1) The agent must be able to foresee
the evil effect, at least in a general way. (2) The agent must be free to refrain from
doing that which is the cause of the evil effect. (3) The agent must be morally
bound not to do that which is the cause of the evil effect.
First, when the agent can readily or must be able to foresee the evil effect, at least in a general
way; Secondly, when the agent mush be free to refrain from doing what causes the evil effect;
and Thirdly, when the agent must be bound to refrain from doing what causes the evil effect.
The agent is responsible for such an effect only if the actions are the direct consequences of the
agents' psychological states that are uncoerced, self‐aware, and factually and morally informed.
2. When may one perform an act, not evil in itself, which has two effects, one good, one evil?
The principle of double effect is a moral guideline for choosing actions that have both good
and bad consequences, One may perform such as act when three conditions are fulfilled; (1)The
evil effect must t not precede the good effect. (2) There must be a reason sufficiently grave
calling for the act in its good effect. (3) The intention the agent must honest, that is the agent
must directly intend the good effect and merely permit evil effect as a regrettable incident or
"side issue.
(1)The evil effect must t not precede the
good effect. (2) There must be a reason sufficiently grave calling for the act in
its good effect. (3) The intention of the agent must be honest, that is the agent
must directly intend the good effect and merely permit evil effect as a
regrettable incident or “side issue
(1)The evil effect must t not precede the
good effect. (2) There must be a reason sufficiently grave calling for the act in
its good effect. (3) The intention of the agent must be honest, that is the agent
must directly intend the good effect and merely permit evil effect as a
regrettable incident or “side issue
(1)The evil effect must t not precede the
good effect. (2) There must be a reason sufficiently grave calling for the act in
its good effect. (3) The intention of the agent must be honest, that is the agent
must directly intend the good effect and merely permit evil effect as a
regrettable incident or “side issu
3. Give one example applying the principles of exemption from one’s duty?
Applying the principle of exemption can take many different forms, including tax exemptions,
religious exemptions, and medical exemptions. For instance, in the case of tax exemptions,
certain people or organizations may be excused from paying taxes on their income or property
depending on particular standards or requirements. When it comes to religious exemptions,
people or organizations may be excluded from certain laws or rules that go against their religious
beliefs or practices. In the event of medical exemptions, persons may be excluded from particular
vaccines or medical treatments due to medical problems or circumstances.
