Journal of English Language and literature p-ISSN 2540-8216, e-ISSN 2654-3745

Volume 5, Issue 1,March 2020 https://journal.stibaiec-jakarta/ojs/index.php/jell

THE STUDY OF SEMANTIC ON IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

(A Contain Analysis of Gita Wirjawan’s Speeches Regarding Economic Growth Viewed
By Adam Makkai Theory)

Rini Arsiandi
Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing- IEC Jakarta
rini.arsiandi@yahoo.com

Suhendar
Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing- IEC Jakarta
E-mail: suhendar@stibaiec-jakarta.ac.id

Arsiandi, R. and Suhendar (2020). The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions: A Contain Analysis of Gita
Wirjawan’s speeches regarding economic growth viewed by Adam Makkai theory. Journal of English
Language and literature, 5(1), 43-52. DOI 10.37110/jell.v5i01.94
Received: 09-01-2020 Accepted: 01-02-2020 Published:01-03-2020

Abstract: This study is an attempt to find out the classification and the semantic meaning of the
idiomatic expression found in Gita Wirjawan’s speeches regarding economic growth viewed by
Adam Makkai Theory. The source of data was taken from the script of the speech video collection
of Gita Wirjawan’s about economic growth. This study falls under the qualitative research by
employing the content analysis method. The researcher found 20 idiomatic expressions. There were
15 lexemic idioms and 5 sememic idioms. In the lexemic idiom, 10 phrasal verb idioms, 2 in tournure
idioms, 3 in phrasal compound idioms, and 0 in pseudo idioms were found. Meanwhile, in the
sememic idioms, 2 proverbial idioms, 1 familiar quotation, 1 institutionalized understatement and
1 institutionalized hyperbole were found.And after the idiomatic expressions were analyzed, it was
proved that the idiomatic expression had different meaning than the literal meaning of the word itself
.

Keywords: semantic meaning; idiomatic expression; Speech, Gita Wirjawan

INTRODUCTION
Language is our primary source of it. The productive skills or the active skills are
communication. Out of all human creations, speaking and writing because people are applying
language is the most remarkable tool that man has these skills in a need to produce language.
invented and is one that makes all other possible. Speaking is oral communication. It delivers a
Through language we share experiences, message between the speaker and listener.
formulate value, exchange ideas, transmit Through speaking someone can express her or his
knowledge, and sustain culture (Lucas, 1989) ideas. Being a speaker and giving a speech in front
English is one of the language widely used. of the public is one of the activities that cannot be
English is an international language that people avoided. (Carnagey and Esenwein, 2005).
use to communicate globally, so it is important to Speech is the expression of thoughts and
master it. Proficiency in four language skills is feelings by articulating the sounds and the most
neccessary in mastering English. These four skills natural, intuitive and preferred means of
will give people opportunities to create contexts communication of human beings that grow day by
and use language to exchange real information. day. The perceptual variability of speech exists in
These four skills are listening, reading, writing the form of various languages, dialects, and
and speaking. Listening and reading are receptive accents ( Stratton,1924). Delivering speeches
or passive skills because people do not need to using English in front of an audience is a useful
produce the language, they receive and understand experience. People can gain confidence and learn

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Rini Arsiandi and Suhendar
The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

how different audience reaction to speakers in had cause confusion to the people about what was
different ways. When delivering a speech, a good the real meaning of the sentence. And because that
speaker should be aware of the meanings of the reasons, the researcher takes “ The Study of
words and know how to use language accurately, Idiomatic Expression in Gita Wirjawan’s
clearly, vividly, and appropriately. Words are the Speeches Regarding Economic’s Growth Viewed
tools of a speaker’s craft ( Lucas, 1989) by Adam Makkai Theory “ as her research in this
In delivering speeches, people use an paper. The researcher will identify, analyze their
idiomatic expression. In connection to which meaning in the context and classify them base on
using idiomatic expressions is one of the ways to Adam Makkai Theory.
make your speech sound more native and creative.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be REVIEW OF LITERATURE
understood from the literal meaning of the words Idiomatic Expression
of which it is composed ( Peaty, 1983). And using Peaty ( 1983 ) stated that an idiom is an
idioms can make people confused because they expression which can’t be understood from the
have to think and figure out what the person who literal meaning of the words which it is composed
is using the idiom might mean. People have to be According Trask and Routledge ( 2013 )
able to differentiate words in the sentence between idiomatic expression consists of two or more
idiomatic usage from literal usage. And this words, which has meaning can’t be simply
sometimes can be difficult. For example, give in predicted from the meaning of its constituent
in idiom meaning surrender and this idiomatic parts.
meaning is completely unrelated to the literal Moreover, McCarthy and O Del ( 2003
meaning of the individual words give and in. )stated that idiom is an expression that has a
Idiom should always be learned in the context and meaning that is not obvious from the individual
knowing the structural organization of an idiom words. It means that the meaning of an idiom is
will also give contribution to identifying them in not the literal meaning, but non-literal meaning.
the sentence The best way to understand idioms is by looking
Idioms are used very frequently in English at the contents
and occur in almost any type of text. Halliday and And it was also agreed by James R Hufford,
Yallop stated that native speakers love idioms stated that idiomatic expression is a multi-word
because they consider them to be an important phrase whose overall meaning is idiosyncratic and
part of their cultural heritage. For non-native largely unpredictable, reflecting speaker meaning
speakers, idioms represent a serious challenge in that is not derivable by combining the literal
understanding the language because their senses or the individual words in each phrase
meaning cannot be retrieved from the words, thus according to the regular semantic rules of the
understanding, idioms are crucial for effective language (Heasly, et.al, 2007)
communication. In conclusion, an idiomatic expression is an
In this research, Gita Wirjawan’s speeches expression that consists of two or more words or
based on the collection of video in the offical a multi-word phrase that has a non-literal,
channel of Ministry of Trade in several places and idiosyncratic, unpredictable expression, and the
event have become the object of the study. Gita best way to understand idiom is by looking at the
Wiryawan was the 31st Indonesia's Minister of contents.
Trade during President Susilo Bambang
Classification of Idiom by Adam Makkai
Yudhoyono’s Second United Indonesia Cabinet.
Theory
His speeches mostly talk about the global
According to Adam Makkai theory, there are
economic situation in outlook and also about the
two types of classification of idiom. They are
Indonesia economic situation. Gita Wirjawan as
lexemic and sememic idioms (1972: 135-179) His
an Indonesian, sounds like a native speaker when
explanation are as follow ( Makkai,1972):
delivering his speeches, he loves to use idiomatic
1. Lexemic Idioms
expressions.
The lexemic idioms are idioms which
. Gita Wirjawan used many expressions collate with the familiar part of speech (verbs,
in his speech, and one of them is idiomatic nouns, adjective, and preposition) and they are
expression which could hardly to be understood composed of more than one minimal free form
literary from the composing words itself, and this and each lexicon of which can occur in other

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The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

environments as the realization of a mono noun or nothing. Example to dance on

lexicon lexeme. The lexemic idioms are air (to get hanged)
divided into 4 types. They are : phrasal verb, 6) The leading is “BE”. For example: to be
tournure , phrasal compound and pseudo well off (to be prosperous wealthy)
idiom. Futher explanation is given as follow : c. Phrasal Compound Idiom
a. Phrasal Verb Idiom Phrasal compound idiom contains
Phrasal verb idiom is compound verb primarily nominal made up of adjective
consisting of a verb and a particle (adverb plus noun, noun plus noun, or adverb plus
or preposition). Sometimes it is formed by preposition. For example, blackmail means
two or sometimes three parts which contain any payment forced by intimidation and
a verb and an adverb or preposition. Most bookworm means a person committed to
of the phrasal verbs are formed from a reading or studying. Hot dog (food), white
combination of a small number of a verb house (the Official Residence of the
(go, get, sit, come, etc.) and a small number Presidents of the United States)
of particles (away, out, off, up, in, etc.). d. Pseudo-Idioms
There are two main types of phrasal verbs. Pseudo-idiom – compound words or
They are intransitive phrasal verbs ( phrases in which one of the constituents is
phrasal verbs which do not need an object a “cranberry morp” or in which one or more
) and transitive phrasal verb ( phrasal verbs lexons are “banned” (e.g. chit-chat and
which must have an object) hanky-panky, where “chit” and “ hanky”
b. Tournure Idiom are two cranberry morphs, one that has no
Tournure idiom is a polylexonic meaning by themselves )
lexeme of a larger size-level than a phrasal 2. Sememic Idioms
verb. It is the largest lexemic idiom, which Sememic idioms usually convey a
usually containing at least three words and pragmatic meaning related to a particular
they are mostly verbs. A tournure idiom culture. They are as follow:
mostly falls into sentences. Based on its 1) Proverbial Idioms
structure, tournure idioms are divided into Proverbial Idioms with a “moral”-
six parts. They are: well-recognized proverbs in a language e.g.
1) The form contains the compulsory “it”. Don’t count your chickens before they are
It has two kinds. The first kind is “it” hatched (you shouldn't assume that
that stands in the middle of sentence something will definitely happen before it
another one is “it” that stands in the really does) and Birds of a feather flock
last. For example: to break it up (to stop together (means people of similar interests,
fighting) and to step on it (to speed up) background, ideas or characteristics will
2) The form contains the compulsory often congregate or hang out with each
definite and indefinite article. For other, people who have similar ideas or
example: to give somebody A blank values tend to stick together. 2) Familiar
check (to blow somebody to do Quotations
anything he wishes), to hit THE books Familiar quotations as idioms are
(to study hard) quotations from well-known figures or
3) The form contains irreversible binomial. sources. e.g. Brevity is the soul of wit (
For example: to rain cats and dogs (to from Shakespeare's hamlet ) and ask what
rain profusely), to be at sixes and you can do for your country ( from John F
sevens (to be at state confusion, at Kennedy’s presidential inaugural address )
odds), without rhyme or reason 2) Idiomaticity in Institutionalized
(unmotivated) Understatement
4) Direct object and further possible Conventional expressions of
modifiers follow the primary verb. understatement to lessen the impact of a
Example: To build a castle in the air (to blunt statement e.g. I wasn’t too crazy
make unrealistic plans) about it and It wasn’t the smartest move
5) Leading the verb is not followed by
direct object but by preposition plus

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The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

3) Idiomaticity in Institutionalized The primary source of this research was the

Hyperbole collection of Gita’s Wirjawan Speeches in various
Exaggerated statement and not meant places and times taken from the official youtube
to be taken literary e.g. He won’t even lift a channel of the Ministry of Trade of The Republic
finger ( don’t want to help/don’t do of Indonesia. The Secondary sources were taken
anything ) I'm really hungry I could eat a from document such as e-books, textbooks,
horse ( expression of a person who really article, jurnals and websites The researcher was
hungry ) focused on finding the sentence that contains
idiomatic expression in Gita Wiryawan’s
Semantic speeches to be analyzed using Makkai’s types of
idiom theory and find the meaning in the context.
According to James et.al (2007 ) semantics is
The researcher analyzed the idiomatic expression,
the study of meaning in language. And it was also
by finding the lexical meaning in the Oxford
agreed by Kreidler, semantics is the systematic
“Lexico Dictionary” and Oxford “Proverbs
study of meaning, and linguistic semantics is the
dictionary.
study of how languages organize and express
meanings (Kreidler. 2002).
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
According to Aitchison (2010 ), The study of
meaning is normally referred to as semantics. The The data in these findings and discussions
word semantics is derived from the Greek noun section were the assertive of outstanding data
sema which means ‘sign, signal’ and the Greek which was found after watching the video and
verb sēmainō which means “to mean” or “to reading the speech transcript. The researcher
signify”.” Semantics is considered to be the study presented the findings of idiomatic expression
of linguistics meaning of word and sentences classification based on Adam Makkai's theory and
through language. also found the meaning of each idiomatic
In conclusion, semantic is one of the expression found in Gita Wiryawan’s speech. The
branches in linguistics that study about meaning description of the data found was divided into two
systematically through language parts, they were the classification and the meaning
of lexemic idiom and the classification and the
Speech
meaning of sememic idiom.
According to O’ Hair,et.al (2010) speech is
when a speaker delivers a message with a specific FINDINGS
purpose to an audience of people who are present
during the delivery of the speecher and a message
The two main objective of this research :
that is meant to accomplish a specific purpose. In
conclusion speech is the expression of thoughts The Lexemic Classification of Idiomatic
and feelings by articulating the sounds in order to Expression Found in Gita Wirjawan’s
delivers a message with a specific purpose to an speeches and Its Meaning in the Context.
audience of people who are present during the
delivery of the speech. The lexemic idioms which were found
in this research are divided into four types. There
METHOD are a phrasal verb, tournure idiom, phrasal
compound idiom, and pseudo idiom. The data
The researcher took two sources in findings are presented in the form of a table
collecting the data. They were the primary sources along with its meaning, the title of the speech
as the main sources and the secondary sources as and the location of the speech as prescribed in
the backup data to support the theory in analyzing this following table:
the data.

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The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

Table 4.1 The Classification of Lexemic Idiom and Its Meaning

Types of Lexemic Idiom
No. Data Phrasal Tour Phrasal Meaning Title Loc.
Pseudo
Verb nure Comp

1 Play out of key √ Talk Out of Topic SMU P3/l.4

Term used in the

2 Freshwater √ SMU p.4/l.3
macroeconomy
Term used in the
3 Saltwater √ SMU p.4/l.6
macroeconomy
4 Muddle Through √ Success SMU P5/l.2
5 Slow down √ Decline SMU p.5/l.1
Kicking the Can
6 √ Postpone SMU p.5/l.7
Down the road
7 Coming down √ Decrease SMU p.8/l.1
To find the
8 figure out Away √ SMU p.8/l.15
Solution
9 Clear Out √ No rain, clouds SMU P.9/l.6
10 Hook up √ Meet SMU p.9/l.10
Make an
11 Cut A deal √ SMU p.9/l.11
agreement
12 Move ahead √ Make progress SMU P.10/l.5
Don’t get
13 Sits on the back √ SMU P.11/l.5
attention
Iron out the P.13/
14 √ Solve the problem SMU
wrinkles l.4
P.14/
15 Steadfast √ Committed SMU
L.9

The Sememic Classification of Idiomatic Expression Found in Gita Wirjawan’s speeches and Its
Meaning in the Context.
The sememic idioms found in this research are divided into four types. There are Proverbial
Idioms, Familiar Qoutation, Idiomaticity in Institutionalized Understatement and Idiomaticity in
Institutionalized Hyperbole. The data findings are presented in the form of table along with its
meaning, the title of the speech and the location of the speech

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The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

Types of Sememic Idiom

No. Data Meaning Title Loc.
Prov Underst Hyper
Quote
erb atement bole
It’s a lot of P.24/
1 √ A lot of money SMU
Doughnuts L7

Indonesia has
been able to
afford to buy
bread, in the A good GDP
future, we just for Better P.30/
2 √ SMU
got to make future of L3
sure that we Indonesia
can put
something in
between

You give me a
thousand
people I’ll
move mount
Young people
Semeru, you P.1/L
3 √ √ the Agent of ICF
give me ten 12
nation
young bright
ambitious
people I’ll
move worlds
Genius is an Transcendent
infinite Capacity for P.9/L.
4 √ ICF
capacity for taking trouble, 5
taking pains first of all

Long journey Even the

of a thousand longest and
P.9/L
5 miles begins √ most difficult ICF
12
with one ventures have
single step a starting point

DISCUSSION Data 1 – SMU – P.3/L.3 – Play out a key –

Talk outside the topics
The Meaning of The Lexemic Idiom which “ I hope I am not gonna play out a key today”
were Found in Gita Wiryawan’s Speeches in The phrasal verb play out consists of a
The Context verb + adverbial particle. In this sentence play out
This discussion provides the explanations is an intransitive phrasal verb. Lexically the
of the above-mentioned data findings in detail meaning of play out is to engage in activity for
based on the theory of Adam Makkai in idiom enjoyment and out is preposition. This statement
classification that is used in this research is an expectation of the speaker, the meaning of
systematically. The explanation will be divided play out of a key is talking outside the topic. So
according to its classification. They are as follows contextually the speaker expects to speak
: according to the topic of the event.
Phrasal Verbs Idioms

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Rini Arsiandi and Suhendar
The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

Data 4 – SMU – P.5/L.1 – Muddle through The phrasal verb coming down consists of
- Success verb+ adverb particle. Coming down is an
“ US economy has gone through a bit of intransitive phrasal verb. Lexically the meaning of
slow down and been able to muddle through with coming is moving closer and down is a
one or a half or two percent of growth rate” preposition. The idiomatic expression coming
The constituent of muddle through is down semantically is a decrease. So contextually
verb + adverbial particle. In this sentence muddle in these speeches, the speaker talks about the
through is an intransitive phrasal verb because it decrease in economic growth in China
isn’t followed by an object. Lexically muddle Data 8 – SMU – P.8/L.5 – Figure out away
means confusing state and trough is an adverb.
– To find the solution
The meaning of muddle through in this sentence
“ Brazil, as a result, grew at least 1% last
is survive, so contextually the sentence means the
year and is trying to figure out away “
US economy was able to survive with one or a half
The phrasal verb figures out consists of
or two percent of growth rate.
verb+particle. Figure is an intransitive verb.
Data 5 – SMU – P.5/L.1 – Slowdown - Lexically, figure out means to consider or think
Decline and out is a preposition. The meaning of figure
“US economy has gone through a bit of out in this speech means to find a solution, so
slowdown “ contextually the sentence means that Brazil is
The phrasal verb slow down consists of verb + trying to find for a solution for its economic
adverbial particle. In this sentence slow down is problem
an intransitive phrasal verb because it isn’t Data 9 – SMU – P.9/L.8 – Clear out – No
followed by an object. Lexically the meaning of
rain no clouds no fogs
slow is at low speed, and down is an adverb
“ ... The guys that have the transport system
Semantically slow down in this sentence is a
are waiting for the weather to clear out. “
decline, so contextually the speaker talks about
The phrasal verb clear out consists of verb+
the decline of the US economy
particles. Clear out is an intransitive phrase
Data 6 – SMU – P.5/L.7 – Kicking the can because it doesn’t have an object. Lexically clear
down - Postpone out is to remove unwanted things to the open air.
“ In Europe, we’re seeing the trends of The meaning of idiomatic expression clear out is
kicking the can down the road for the last few no rain, no clouds, and fogs, so contextually, the
years” guys are waiting for good weather conditions
The phrasal verb kicking down consists of where there was no rain, no cloud, and fogs so
verb+ adverbial particles. In this sentence kicking they can meet.
down is a transitive phrasal verb where the object Data 10 – SMU – P.9/L.10 – Hook up - Meet
the can comes between the verb kicking and “ ... in some cafe in some rest area and try to
down. Lexically the meaning of kicking down the hook up and cut a deal. “
can is to strike the can with feet to lower position. The phrasal verb hook up consists of verb+
The meaning of kicking the can down is to adverbial of particle. In this statement hook up is
postpone or defer a definitive action, decision, or an intransitive phrasal verb. Lexically hook means
solution, usually by effecting a short-term one attach and up is a preposition. The meaning of
instead. Kicking the can down idiomatic hook up in this sentence means meet to form a
expression is especially used in politics, so relationship, so contextually according to the
contextually the speaker talks about how speaker, the guy who meets in some cafe will meet
European like to postpone their decision about and form a relationship to make a good agreement.
their difficult fiscal posture
Data 12 – SMU – P.10/L.5 – Move ahead -
Data 7 – SMU – P.8/L.1 – Coming down - Make progress
Decrease “ At the same time when Asian economies
“ ....... with the exception of China is coming are trying to move ahead with the regional
down to 7.5% relative to others it's doing comprehensive economic partnerships or a set as
fantastically in the BRICS countries..” we more popularly call it.”

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The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

The phrasal verb move ahead consists of Contextually the speaker was talking about two
verb+ adverbial of particle. In this statement move groups of an economist in the world and
ahead is an intransitive phrasal verb. Lexically semantically saltwater is terminology in economy
move means change position and ahead is an to describe the theories that they followed
adverb. The meaning of move ahead in this
sentence means makes progress. Contextually the Data 15 – SMU – P.13/L.6 – Steadfast -
speaker talks about the Asian economics who are Committed
trying to make progress with the regional “ ... but I think if we steadfast with respect to
comprehensive. the thesis and narrative that we have agreed 11
years ago”
Data 14 – SMU – P.13/L.4 – Iron out the The phrasal compound idiom steadfast
wrinkles – Solve the problems consists of noun+adjective. Steadfast consists of
“ Yes, there has been some issue in Indonesia two morphemes stead and fast. Lexically stead
with regards to the ASEAN China Free trade, but means substitute and fast means moving or
we’ve been able to manage and iron out the capable of moving at high speed. Semantically
wrinkles. steadfast in this context is committed because the
The phrasal verb iron out consists of speaker talks about how important to stay
verb+particle. Iron out is a transitive verb, the committed to the agreement in APEC
object the wrinkles come after the particle.
Lexically iron means smooth (clothes, sheets, etc.) Tournures Idiom
with an iron, and wrinkles mean a slight line or
fold in something, especially fabric or the skin of Data 11 – SMU – P.9/L.11 – Cut a deal –
the face. The meaning of idiomatic expression Make agreement
iron out the wrinkles is solved the problem, so “ ... in some cafe in some rest area and try to
contextually the speaker hopes even though there hook up and cut a deal. “
has been some issue with the Asean China Free The form of tournure idiom cut a deal
trade, they will be able to solve the problem. contains the compulsory indefinite article a, and
consists of the word cut(verb), a ( article ), and
Phrasal Compound Idiom deal ( noun ). Lexically cut means make an
Data 2 – SMU – P.4/L.3 – Freshwater – opening, incision, or wound in (something) with a
Term used in macroeconomy sharp-edged tool or object and deal means
“ I think it’s very clear that the freshwater agreement. Contextually the speaker talks about
economist predominately based in Chicago has the meeting that the young people have, and he
been very influential in shaping economies... “ hopes that meeting will result in a good
The phrasal Compound Idiom freshwater agreement, so semantically the idiomatic
consists of adjective + noun. Freshwater consists expression cut a deal is to make agreement
of two morphemes, fresh and water. Lexically
fresh means recently and water means colorless Data 13– SMU – P. 11/L.5 – Sits on the back
liquid. Contextually the speaker was talking about – don’t get much attention
two groups of the economist in the world and “ There is a thesis of a capacity-building but
semantically freshwater is terminology in the unfortunately that sits on the back of a
economy to describe the theories that they geopolitical situation....”
followed The structure of tournure idiom sits on the
back is lead by a verb which isn't followed by
Data 3 – SMU – P5/L.1 – Saltwater – Term direct object but by preposition plus noun and
used in macroeconomy consists of the word sits (verb), on ( preposition)
“ .... this is in contrast to the saltwater and the back (n). Lexically sit on the back is
economist on the shores of the US who would sitting behind e.g I sit on the back of the driver,
rather a more Keynesian approach....” but contextually sits on the back in this statement
The phrasal Compound Idiom saltwater is an idiomatic expression that has a different
consists of adjective + noun. Freshwater consists meaning from the lexical ones. The meaning of
of two morphemes, salt, and water. Lexically salt sits on the back is don’t get much attention
means Impregnated with, treated with, or tasting
of salt and water means colorless liquid.

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The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

The Meaning of The Sememic Idiom Found in sentence doesn’t mean a thousand people can
Gita Wiryawan’s Speeches in The Context move Mount Semeru or ten young bright people
can actually move the world. Contextually the
This discussion provides the explanations of
above sentence is about Soekarno’s belief that
the semantic meaning in sememic idiomatic
youth or young people are the agents of change
expression found in data findings. The
and the nations future developments much
classification of sememic idioms are made based
depends on the youth.
on the theory of Adam Makkai in idiom
classification that is used in this research Proverbial Idiom
systematically. The explanation will be divided Data 19 – ICF – P.9/L.5 – Genius is an
according to its classification. They are as infinite capacity for taking pains –
follows: Transcendent capacity for taking trouble
Idiomaticity in Institutionalized Hyperbole first of all.
The above statement is a proverbial idiom
Data 16 – SMU – P.24/L.7 – It’s a lot of because of brief, simple, and popular saying, or a
Doughnuts – A lot of money phrase that gives advice. The meaning of the
The above statement contains exaggeration. above proverb is transcendent capacity for taking
Semantically, the statement doesn’t really mean trouble first of all . Contextually the speaker talks
real doughnuts. Contextually the speaker talks about how Indonesia has gone through a lot of
about the increase of economic growth which pains in 1998 when politically and economically
results in making a lot of money to spend. moribund, so genius is an infinite capacity for
Idiomaticity in Institutionalized taking pains means that a transcendent capacity
Understatement that Indonesian people have to overcome the
problem politically and economically in 1998
Data 17 – ANU – P.6/L.7 – Indonesia has
which result in declination in debt to GDP ratio.
been able to afford to buy bread in the
future we just got to make sure that we can Data 20 – ICF-P.9/L.12 – Long journey of a
put something in between – A good thousand miles begins with one step - Even the
progress in GDP for Better Future longest and most difficult ventures have a
The above statement is an understatement starting point
idiom. The speaker talks about Indonesia’s big The above statement is a proverbial idiom
progress in increasing the GDP ratio which results because of well-recognized proverbs with a moral
in a better economic condition, and the speaker message. The meaning of the above proverb is the
uses understatement idiom to understate the real road is long but every journey begins with the first
condition so semantically, the above statement is step ( beginnings and endings ) even the longest
in real situation, we can afford to buy more than and most difficult ventures have a starting point.
bread. Contextually the statement can be The speaker states this proverb at the end of his
interpreted that Indonesia has made good progress speech, so contextually the proverbs means to
in GDP, more investment so Indonesia can encourage the people of Indonesia especially
continue to grow and make progress for a better young generation to take action now to create
future. better Indonesia in the future which has already
supported by a fantastic ability to manage
Familiar Quotation inflation like no other in Asia and a fantastic
demographic profile. Don’t waste time
Data 18 - ICF – P.1/L/12 – You give me a
thousand people, I’ll move mount Semeru, CONCLUSION
you give ten young bright ambitious people,
I’ll move the world - Young Generations, The conclusions of this research are related
The Agent of Nation Change to the statement of the research problem and the
The above statement is a familiar quotation objectives of this research. They are classifying
idiom because the sentence is a quote from the types of idiom found in Gita’s Wirjawan
Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia. It is also Speech based on Adam Makkai Theory and the
included in hyperbole idiom because the meaning of the idiomatic expressions. They are
statement uses exaggeration. Semantically the decribeb as follows:

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Rini Arsiandi and Suhendar
The study of semantic on idiomatic expressions

Based on the findings in the previous chapter, idiomatical expression which could hardly to be
the researcher founds 20 idiomatic expressions. understood literaly from the composing the words
And they were 15 lexemic idioms and 5 sememic it is composed. The meaning of idiomatic
idioms. In the lexemic idiom, the researcher found expression commonly assigned in the Dictionary
10 phrasal verb idioms, 2 Tournure Idioms, 3 of Idiom by Farlex and The Oxford Dictionary of
Phrasal Compound Idioms, and 0 Pseudo Idiom. Proverbs, and compare it with the lexical meaning
In sememic idiom, the researcher found 2 of each word using the Dictionary of Lexico by
Proverbial Idioms, 1 familiar quotation idioms, 1 Oxford. To have a full understanding of the
institutionalized understatement and 1 idiomatical expression, the researcher also
institutionalized hyperbole idioms. analyzes the meaning through the context of
Reffering to the discussion in the previous statement as one part that can’t be separated.
chapter, the researcher concluded, there were 20

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