Harmony
Harmony means playing several notes together to make “chords”. The word comes from the Greek
harmonia meaning "to join things up" . A tune by itself can sound nice, but it can be “harmonized” by
adding an accompaniment of chords. Studying how to do this is called harmonization. Music students
learn which chords sound nice after one another. These are called “chord progressions”. Many music
theorists have written books about harmony.
Music which is made of a tune with harmony underneath is called “homophonic”. In a way it is the
opposite of polyphonic which means that each part (each voice) is a tune in itself. However, even
polyphony needs to make pleasant harmony. Harmony as we know it in European music had become
fully developed by the Baroque period (17th century).
One can play a chord with three notes using the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of the scale of whatever key the
music is in. This gives a chord which sounds like the “home chord”. This means that at least three notes
are needed for harmony. In most homophonic music there are four: for example a choir will normally
divide into soprano, alto, tenor and bass, or a string quartet will divide into violin 1, violin 2, viola and
cello.
Harmony which uses just the notes of the key (e.g. just using white notes for C major) is called “tonal
harmony”.
Harmony which adds lots of extra sharps and flats is called “chromatic harmony”.
If music is not in any key at all, like in some music by Arnold Schoenberg, it is “atonal”. Harmony can be
atonal.
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