1:Which of the following is used to measure the occurrence of new cases of a disease in a population over a speci c period?

• A) Prevalence
• B) Incidence
• C) Mortality Rate
• D) Case Fatality Rate
Answer: B)
2.Prevalence refers to:
• A) Only new cases of a disease
• B) The number of deaths due to a disease
• C) Both new and pre-existing cases of a disease
• D) The number of people at risk for a disease
Answer: C)
3.Which of the following is a ratio used to compare the risk of a disease between two different groups?
• A) Mortality rate
• B) Prevalence rate
• C) Risk ratio
• D) Incidence rate
Answer: C)
4.What is the primary purpose of age-standardized rates in epidemiology?
• A) To account for different levels of healthcare access
• B) To allow for comparisons between populations with different age distributions
• C) To determine the severity of a disease
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• D) To estimate the economic cost of a disease
Answer: B)
5.Which of the following best describes the denominator used in calculating disease rates?
• A) The total number of cases in a population
• B) A xed population about which information is available
• C) The total number of deaths in a given area
• D) The total number of health professionals in a region
Answer: B)
6:If a population has 150 new cases of a disease over 1 year and the total population is 10,000, what is the incidence
rate per 1,000 people?
• A) 1.5
• B) 15
• C) 150
• D) 0.015
Answer: B)
7.Which of the following is true about a ratio in epidemiological studies?
• A) It compares two or more rates
• B) It refers only to a single rate in a population
• C) It can be used to express both incidence and prevalence
• D) It is the same as an incidence rate
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Answer: A)
8. In epidemiology, a ‘risk group’ can refer to which of the following?
• A) A random sample of the population
• B) The entire population of a country
• C) Speci c groups of people de ned by characteristics like occupation or lifestyle
• D) Only the group of individuals who have been diagnosed with the disease
Answer: C)
9.Which of the following factors are often standardized when comparing disease rates between populations?
• A) Income levels
• B) Gender and age
• C) Environmental factors
• D) Cultural practices
Answer: B)
10.Which of the following terms refers to the total number of cases of a disease present in a population at a given time?

• A) Mortality rate
• B) Prevalence
• C) Case fatality rate
• D) Incidence
Answer: B)
1.What does a crude rate in epidemiology represent?

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• A) A rate adjusted for age or gender differences
• B) The number of events in a population divided by the total population

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• C) The incidence of a speci c disease in a population
• D) The proportion of people in a population with a particular risk factor
Answer: B)
2.Which of the following best describes a cause-speci c rate?
• A) The rate of death in a population
• B) The rate of a speci c condition (e.g., tuberculosis) in a de ned population or group
• C) The total number of people living with a disease
• D) The proportion of people who receive treatment for a disease
Answer: B)

3.What population is typically used for calculating annual rates?

• A) The population at the beginning of the year
• B) The population estimated at 1 July of that year or an average for the year
• C) The population that contracts a disease in that year
• D) The population who were exposed to a risk factor during the year
Answer: B)
4.Which of the following is true about a proportion in epidemiology?
• A) The numerator is unrelated to the denominator population
• B) The numerator is always a subset of the denominator population
• C) The numerator is larger than the denominator
• D) It is used only for comparing disease rates across different regions
Answer: B)
5.Morbidity is best described as:
• A) A measure of the death rate in a population
• B) The absence of any disease in a population
• C) A measure of the occurrence of illness or disability in a population
• D) The amount of time spent in a hospital for treatment
Answer: C)
6.What is the latency period for a disease?
• A) The time it takes for a person to recover from the disease
• B) The period between exposure to a disease-causing agent and the manifestation of the disease
• C) The time between diagnosis and treatment of a disease
• D) The incubation period for a disease
Answer: B)
7.Disability or incapacity rates measure:
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• A) The short-term impact of illness on a population
• B) The extent to which a person is unable to function due to long-term illness or injury
• C) The prevalence of infections in a population
• D) The number of people who are hospital-bound due to illness
Answer: B)
8.Which of the following is typically used to de ne the extent of morbidity in a population?
• A) The frequency and severity of illnesses or disabilities
• B) The average lifespan of individuals in a population
• C) The total number of healthy individuals in a population
• D) The number of people exposed to health risk factors
Answer: A)
9.In epidemiology, the term ‘incubation period’ refers to:
• A) The time it takes for a disease to be diagnosed
• B) The period between exposure to a disease and the appearance of symptoms
• C) The period during which a person is contagious
• D) The recovery period after a disease
Answer: B)
10.Which of the following is a key characteristic of morbidity measurements?

• A) They are always based on death rates

• B) They involve measuring the occurrence of illness and disability
• C) They measure only the number of chronic diseases
• D) They ignore the severity of the illness
Answer: B)
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1.What does the mortality rate measure?

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• A) The total number of deaths in a given population
• B) The frequency of deaths over a given period in a de ned population
• C) The incidence of disease in a population
• D) The number of births in a population
Answer: B)
2.Why may mortality rates be standardized?
• A) To make them easier to calculate
• B) To allow comparability between population groups
• C) To reduce the number of deaths
• D) To increase the frequency of deaths in a population
Answer: B)
3.What is a social class in the context of health status?
• A) A medical classi cation for diseases
• B) A measure of income inequality
• C) A major variable affecting health status
• D) A system for managing health care access
Answer: C)
4.Social class is identi ed as a proxy measure for which of the following?
• A) Age and gender differences in health
• B) Occupation-related hazards, nutrition, and access to care
• C) Genetic predispositions to disease
• D) Religious practices in uencing health
Answer: B)
5.In which of the following countries do social differences in health tend to be less pronounced?
• A) United States
• B) United Kingdom
• C) Sweden
• D) Nordic countries
Answer: D)
6.Which of the following factors contributes to health inequalities within social classes, even in countries with universal
health systems?
• A) Availability of advanced medical technologies
• B) Social class variations in health status
• C) Availability of private healthcare options
• D) Strict government health regulations
Answer:B
7.Which of the following statements is true about social class and health in countries like the UK, Sweden, and Israel?
• A) Social class has no impact on health in these countries
• B) Social class variations in health status still exist despite universal health coverage
• C) These countries have a lower incidence of death in lower social classes
• D) Social class is irrelevant to health outcomes in these countries
Answer: B)
1.What does the US Joint Commission de ne as a sentinel event?
• A) Any unexpected occurrence in a hospital
• B) An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof
• C) An unexpected occurrence involving a medical error
• D) A routine occurrence in a medical setting
Answer: B)

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2.Which of the following is an example of a sentinel event?
• A) A patient receiving a routine checkup
• B) A surgical procedure with no complications
• C) A surgical death or surgery on the wrong patient
• D) A well-managed infection
Answer: C)
3.What does the burden of disease combine?
• A) Mortality and social class factors
• B) Mortality and nonfatal health outcomes
• C) The quality of health services and life expectancy
• D) Death rates and economic costs
Answer:B
4.Why is assessing the burden of disease important?
• A) To provide nancial support for health insurance
• B) To test the effectiveness of new medications
• C) To design, test, and implement methodologies for prioritizing health resource allocation
• D) To evaluate the effectiveness of public health campaigns
Answer: C)
5.What is the unit of measurement used to assess the burden of disease?
• A) Mortality rate
• B) Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
• C) Life expectancy
• D) Hospital admission rate
Answer: B)
6.Which of the following is true about the burden of disease?
• A) It solely focuses on the economic impact of disease
• B) It ignores social and environmental factors contributing to health
• C) It combines epidemiological and economic data to assess health outcomes
• D) It is only concerned with fatal health outcomes
Answer: C)
7.Which factor contributes to the burden of disease, according to the provided information?
• A) Only genetic predispositions to disease
• B) Only access to healthcare services
• C) Social and other factors contributing to multifactorial diseases
• D) Only the direct impact of diseases on individuals
Answer: C)