Endre Dobó

> fibrous coat

> cornea
> sclera

> vascular coat / uvea

blind part of retina
> choroid
[1+1 layers]
> ciliary body
> iris
ora serrata
[boundary; 9 layers reduced to 1 here]
> nervous coat / retinal layer
> as to the development
optic part of retina
> neural layer
[1+9 layers]
> pigment epithelium
> as to the structure
> blind part of retina
> (ora serrata)
> optic part of retina
> retina proper
main layers:
> fibrous coat / corneoscleral layer (tunica fibrosa)
> cornea
> (corneo-scleral junction)
> sclera
> vascular coat / uveal layer (tunica vasculosa bulbi / uvea)
> choroid
> ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
> iris
> sensory coat / nervous layer (tunica nervosa bulbi)
> as to the development of the eyeball
> neural layer (str. cerebrale)
> pigment layer (str. pigmentosum / str. pigmenti retinae)
> as to the anatomical structure
> blind part (pars coeca retinae)
> (ora serrata)
> optic part (pars optica retinae)
> retina proper
retina

choroid

sclera

extra-ocular muscle
layer of the afferent fibers (9.)

ganglion cell layer (8.)

inner nuclear layer (6.)

outer nuclear layer (4.)

rod and cone processes (2.)

pigment cells (1.)

choroid

sclera
> anterior one-sixth of the this main layer
> transparent
> its junction with the conjunctiva: limbus
> sensory innervation by long ciliary nerves [n. V/1]
> lacks vasculature (!)
> layers
> corneal epithelium (epithelium corneae / epithelium anterius corneae)
> stratified squamous epithelium
> underneath, there are no connective tissue papillae
> free nerve endings from ophthalmic nerve [n. V/1.]
> Bowman's membrane (lamina limitans anterior / membrana limitans anterior)
> acidophil, cell-free membrane
> if injured, it loses its transparency
> substantia propria corneae
> stroma
> keratocytes
> highly regular form of dense collagenous tissue
> Descemet's membrane (lamina limitans posterior)
> acidophil basement membrane
> corneal endothelium / corneal mesothelium (endothelium camerae anterioris)
> simple squamous epithelium
> posterior five-sixths of the this main layer
> opaque
> contains few blood vessels
> provides insertion for the extra-ocular muscles
> layers
> lamina fusca sclerae
> thin layer with occasional melanocytes
> may be considered articial layer on the inner surface of sclera
> scleral stroma
> densely collagenous, hypocellular tissue with elastic fibers
> episcleral layer
> connected with Tenon's capsule by fine delicate collagenous fibers
> important anatomical part
> lamina cribrosa
> perforated layer of the slcera for the passage of optic nerve fibers
> from external view
> conjunctival ring
> beginning of the conjunctiva of the eyeball
> scleral sulcus
> in the middle"
> limbus corneae (corneoscleral junction)
> from internal view
> Descemet s membrane terminates, and trabecular meshwork begins
> iridocorneal angle (angulus iridocornealis)
> trabecular meshwork (spongiosa sclerae)
> drainage of aqueous humor (humor aquosus)
> parts
> trabecules / pectinate ligaments
> spaces of Fontana (spatia anguli iridocornealis)
> there is NO endothelial lining
> is not continuous with the canal of Schlemm
> canal of Schlemm (sinus venosus sclerae / canalis Schlemmi)
> single circular vessel, lined by endothelium
> minute channels (venae aquosae) through the sclera lead to the episcleral venous
system
corneal epithelium

conjunctival ring

substantia propria corneae

Descemet s membrane

iridocorneal angle

trabecular meshwork

canal of Schlemm

ciliary epithelium
> layers
> suprachoroidal lamina (lamina suprachoroidea)
> contains only a few vessels and pigment
> houses the ciliary nerves, posterior ciliary arteries and the vorticose veins
> perichoroidal space (spatium perichoroideale)
> spatial system, part of which forms lymph pathways
> vascular lamina (lamina vasculosa / lamina vascularis)
> precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules
> choriocapillary layer (lamina choroidocapillaris / lamina choriocapillaris)
> network of fenestrated capillaries
> Bruch's membrane (lamina vitrea / lamina basalis)
> double layer of basement membranes
> blood-retina barrier
> anatomical structure
> orbiculus ciliaris (pars plana)
> ciliary m. (m. ciliaris)
> fibrae meridionales
> fibrae radiales
> fibrae circulares
> corona ciliaris (pars plicata)
> ciliary folds (plicae ciliares)
> ciliary processes (processus ciliares)
> aqueous humor (humor aquosus) is secreted here
> zonula ciliaris [lencse függeszt készüléke]
> suspensory ligament of Zinn (fibrae zonulares)
> attached to the coronal equator of the lens
> histological structure
> stroma corporis ciliaris
> loose connective tissue, with capillary network and ciliary muscles
> epithelium (pars ciliaris retinae)
> outer layer is pigmented
> inner layer is NOT pigmented
stroma corporis ciliaris

epithelium ciliare

outer pigmented layer

inner NOT pigmented layer

ciliary processes
> anatomical structure
> pupillary margin (margo pupillaris)
> lesser arterial circle of iris (circulus arteriosus iridis minor)
> ciliary margin (margo ciliaris)
> greater arterial circle of iris (circulus arteriosus iridis major)
> pectinate ligaments (ligamenta pectinata)
> among them: spaces of Fontana (spatia anguli iridocornealis)
> histological structure
> anterior surface (endothelium camerae anterioris)
> discontinuous epithelium, intermingled with melanocytes and fibrocytes
> stroma iridis
> constrictor m. of the pupil (m. sphincter pupillae)
> innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor n.
> pigmented cells (melanocytes)
> dilator pupillae m. (m. dilatator pupillae)
> smooth muscle cells (neuroectodermal by origin) or
> pigmented (!) myoepithelial cells
> innervated by sympathetic fibers from the carotid plexus)
> (membrana limitans iridis)
> membrana basalis
> pigmented epithelium (str. pigmenti iridis / str. pigmentosum / pars iridica retinae)
> bilayered epithelium
endothelium camerae anterioris

stroma iridis

melanocytes

sphincter pupillae m.

dilatator pupillae m.

pigmented epithelium
> parts - as to the development
> neural retina (str. nervosum / str. cerebrale retinae)
> 9 inner histological layers
> pigment epithelium (str. pigmentosum retinae)
> 1 layer simple epithelium, which is pigmented
> parts - as to the anatomy
> light-INsensitive part (pars coeca retinae)
> contains NO photoreceptors
> pars ciliaris retinae
> pars iridica retinae
> (ora serrata - ora serrata)
> here reduce the 10 layers into 2 cell layer of pars
coeca
> light-sensitive part (pars optica retinae)
> contains photoreceptors (rodes and cones)
> (1) > str. pigmentosum / str. pigmenti retinae (pigment epithelium)
> pigmented epithelium
> (2) > str. neuroepitheliale / str. bacilli et coni (rod and cone processes)
> processes of light-sensitive cells: rods (bacilli) and cones (coni)
> (3) > str. limitans externum / membrana limitans externa (outer limiting membrane)
> formed by Müller cells (glial cells)
> (4) > str. granulosum externum / str. nucleare externum (outer nuclear layer)
> somata of the photoreceptor cells
> (5) > str. plexiforme externum (outer plexiform layer)
> between the receptor cells and bipolar cells
> between the horizontal cells and receptor cells
> (6) > str. granulosum internum / str. nucleare internum (inner nuclear layer)
> neurons: bipolar and horizontal neurons, amacrine cells
> cell bodies of Müller cells
> (7) > str. plexiforme internum (inner plexiform layer)
> between the bipolar neurons and ganglion cells
> (8) > str. ganglionare (ganglion cell layer)
> ganglion cells
> (9) > str. neurofibrarum (layer of the afferent fibers)
> unmyelinated optic nerve fibers
> here branch the retinal central blood vessels
> (10) > str. limitans internum / mebrana limitans internum (inner limiting membrane)
> formed by Müller glial cells; demarcates the innermost aspect of the retina from the
vitreous body
> principal refracting media of the eye
> cornea
> lens of eye (lens crystalina)

> non-refracting optical media of the eye

> aqueous humor (humor aquosus)
> vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
> ciliary process of ciliary body

> posterior chamber

> anterior chamber

> spaces of Fontana of the trabecular meshwork

(between the pectinate ligamants)

> canal of Schlemm (sinus venosus sclerae)

> venae aquosae (small-caliber blood vessels)

> episcleral veins

> bulbar conjunctiva (conjunctiva bulbaris / conjunctiva bulbi)
> continuous with the cornea
> non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
> connective tissue papillae
> lamina propria
> (conjunctival fornix [fornix conjunctivae [reflection])
> stratified columnar epithelium
> palpebral conjunctiva (conjunctiva palpebralis / conjunctiva palpebrae)
> stratified columnar epithelium
> close to the fornix
> goblet cells occur in the outermost layer (!!!)
> non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
> close to the anterior palpebral edge
> small lacrimal glands may appear in the entire conjunctiva
> elastic biconvex structure
> structure
> lens capsule (capsula lentis)
> 10-20-mikrometer thick membrana basalis
> anterior surface
> subcapsular epithelium (epithelium anterius)
> single cuboidal epithelium
> (lens equator)
> posterior surface
> lens fibers (fibrae lentis)
> epithelial cells
> losing their nuclei: anucleate fibers
> stretch between the anterior and posterior poles of the lens
> contain crystalline protein
the eye is partioned by the lens, suspenssory ligament and ciliary body into:
> smaller anterior compartment
> filled with aqueous humor
> watery fluid, hypotonic with respect to plasma
> secreted by the ciliary processes of ciliary body
> source of nutrients for the non-vascular lens and cornea
> parts
> anterior chamber (camera bulbi anterior)
> bordered by cornea, iris and lens
> posterior chamber (camera bulbi posterior)
> bordered by lens, suspensory ligament and ciliary body
> large posterior compartment
> contains vitreous body
> gelatinous mass
> consisting of vitreous humor
> 99% is water & hyaluronic acid
> hyaloid canal / Cloquet s canal (canalis hyaloideus)
> hyaloid artery during embryological development
> vitreous membrane / hyaloid membrane
> condensation of fibers on the surface of the vitreous body