REPORT ON HIGH RISE

GROUP D
20200201008,20200201010
20200201029,20200201040
CONTENT
BASIC ELEMENTS
1. DEFINITION OF HIGH RISE
A. FIVE POINTS OF HIGH RISE
2. TIMELINE
3. BASIC ELEMENTS OF HIGH RISE
A. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
B. CORE
C. VERTICAL CIRCULATION
i. STAIRS
ii. ELEVATOR
iii. ESCALATOR
iv. FIRE SAFETY
D. MEP SYSTEM OF HIGHRISE
i. VENTILATION
ii. DUCTING
E. PARKING
F. FENESTRATION
G.FUNTIONALITY
H.CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION
i. LOADS ON HIGHRISE
4. SOCIAL & URBAN IMPACT
5. RULES AND STANDARDS
6. CASE STUDIES
DEFINITION HIGH RISE BUILDING

A high-rise building is defined as a building 33 meters or greater in height, which is divided at regular
intervals into occupiable levels. To be considered a high-rise building an edifice must be based on solid ground,
and fabricated along its full height through deliberate processes (as opposed to naturally-occurring formations).

▪ The first high-rise buildings were constructed in the UNITED STATES in the 1880s.
▪ They arose in urban areas where increased land prices and great population densities created a demand for
buildings that rose vertically rather than spread horizontally, thus occupying less precious land area.

CHARACTERISTICS
1.A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors, one of at least 40-50 floors.
2. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise.
3. skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls.
FIVE POINTS OF HIGH RISE
In order to be able to develop the typical form of a high office building, Sullivan
examines its functional character as a basis for defining the architect’s problem:

1st a storey below ground containing boilers engines of various sorts etc in
short, the plant for power heating lighting etc.
2nd a ground floor, so called devoted to stores, banks or other
establishments requiring large area, ample spacing, ample light and great
freedom of access.
3rd a second storey readily accessible by stairways this space usually in large
subdivisions, with corresponding liberty in structural spacing and expanse of
glass and breadth of external openings.
4th above this an indefinite number of storey of offices piled tier upon tier,
one tier just like another tier, one office just like all other offices an office being
similar to a cell in a honey-comb, merely a compartment, nothing more.
5th and last at the top of this pile a space or storey is placed . The space is
filled with tanks, pipes, valves, sheaves and mechanical etcetera that
supplement and complement the force originating plant hidden below ground
in the cellar.

ARCHITECT: William LeBaron Jenney

TIMELINE
TYPES OF HIGH-RISE STRUCTURE
THERE ARE MAINLY 4 KINDS OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR HIGHRISE BULDINGS. LATER ,MANY KIND OF
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WERE INVENTED TO SUPPORT SPECIAL NEEDS.

TYPES OF HIGHRISE

SHEER WALL STRUCTURE POST LINTEL POST SLAB STEEL STRUCTURE

SHEER WALL AND FRAME STRUCTURE GRID FRME BRACE FRAME TUBULER STRUCT`URE SPACE STRUCTURE

BUNDLE TUBE BRACED TUBE OUTRIGGER BRACED

SHEER WALL STRUCTURE

BUILT IN 1936 , THIS

CONSTRUCTION ISBUILT ON RCC
SHEER WALLS

SHEER WALL

NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK ,SAUDI ARABIA

ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRIL
1. SHEER WALL AND FRAME STRUCTURE

Shear walls are combined with rigid frames

TRANSCO TOWER
ARCHITECT: JOHNSON/BURGEE ARCHITECTS
POST LINTEL STRUCTURE

• THIS 13 STOREYD BUILDING IS BUILT UPON COLUMN AND BEAM MADE OF RCC
• ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING ALSO REFLECTS THE FRAME STRUCTRURE

BASEMENT PLAN

MIRPUR C.R.P. HOSPITAL, MIRPUR

BEAM ARCHITECT RAFIQ AZAM
SECTION
POST LINTEL STRUCTURE

ELEVATION

ELEVATION
EXTERIOR OF THE BUILDING
 POST SLAB STRUCTURE
• POST SLAB ALSO KNOWN AS BEAMLESS IS ATYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WHICH THE R.C.C
• SLAB SUPPORTED ON COLUMNS WITHOUT THEOF BEAMS OR GIRDERS

EXTENDED SLAB

COLUMN
POST SLAB STRUCTURE
• CONNECTED RIGIDLY TO SUPPORTING COLUMNS.
• CREATING A MINIMUM POSSIBLE FLOOR DEPTH

BEL TOWER
ARCHITECT: NAHAS KHALIL
STEEL STRUCTURE

1. GRID FRAME STRUCTURE

• Parallel or orthogonally arrangement of Columns and girders
• Simplicity and convenience of its rectangular form

COMMERZBANK
ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER
2. BRACED FRAME STRUCTURES

K BRACING STOREY HEIGHT KNEE BRACING DOUBLE DIAGONAL BRACING

CENTURY TOWER, JAPAN SWISS RE TOWER, LONDON

CENTRAL PLAZA, MALAYSIA
ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER
ARCHITECT: KEN YEANG
3.INFILLED FRAME STRUCTURE
Consists of a steel or reinforced column and girder frame with infills of
brickwork or concrete block work.

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING ARCHITECT:

RICHMOND, LAMB & HARMON
Spandrel beam Girder In filled with brick Indiana limestone
4. TUBULER STRUCTURE

Tube in tube

Typical floor plan

MILLENNIUM TOWER, JAPAN

ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER
 BUNDLE TUBE STRUCTURE

O the sears tower consists of four parallel rigid steel frames in

each orthogonal direction. Interconnected to form nine
"bundled" tubes

SEARS TOWER
ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE, OWIMGS & MERRIL
BRACED TUBE STRUCTURE

Here bracing works as a

major structural
component.

JOHN HANCOCK BUILDING

ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE, OWINGS
OUTRIGGER BRACED STRUCTURE
BRACED-STEEL FRAME CONNECTED TO THE EXTERIORCOLUMNS.

HONGKONG & SHANGHAIBANK

ARCHITECT: NORMANFOSTER
5. SPACE STRUCTURE
SPACE STRUCTURE CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OFTHREE DIMENSIONAL TRIANGULATED FRAME.

BANK OF CHINA
COLUMN
ARCHITECT: I. M. PEI
CORE ANALYSIS

CORE IS THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT OF HIGH RISE . THE SERVICE CORE SHOULD BE MINIMUM 25% FROM TOTAL
FLOOR AREA.

A CORE SERVES THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS: CORE MUST PROVIDE-

▪ ELEVATOR LOBBY .
▪ AIDS THE BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL STABILITY. ▪ ELEVATOR.
▪ PROVIDES ACCESS AND ESCAPE E.G VIA LIFTS AND STAIRS ▪ TOILET.
▪ ALLOWS A CONVENIENT CLUSTERING OF SERVICES SUCH AS TOILETS, STORAGE ▪ STAIRS.
AND FIRE SERVICES. ▪ ANCILLARY ROOM.
▪ CREATES A PROTECTED FIRE COMPARTMENT.
▪ FIRE ESCAPE STAIR.
▪ FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT.
▪ MECHANICAL VERTICAL SERVICES, DUCTS
CENTRAL CORE SPLIT CORE END CORE ATRIUM CORE
CENTRAL CORE ATRIUM CORE
Advantage: Advantages:
▪ Enables the utilization of all window space for renting office ▪ Permits the use of all window space for rental purposes, allowing offices with
spaces. varying depths to receive natural light.
▪ Allows offices of different depths to receive natural light. ▪ Highly accessible and, in certain instances, equidistant from all sides.
▪ Offers convenient access and, in some instances, is equidistant ▪ Simplifies the division of space and provides flexibility in distributing tenants.
from all sides. ▪ Horizontal utility runs are relatively equidistant from the core.
▪ Streamlines the division of space.

Disdvantage: Disadvantages:
▪ Restricts the depth of offices due to its central interior ▪ The central interior location restricts the depth of offices in the middle zone
location. of each floor.
▪ Mandates the inclusion of an access corridor around its ▪ Mandates the inclusion of an access corridor around its perimeter.
perimeter.

END CORE SPLIT CORE

Advantage: Advantage:
▪ Allows for the utilization of all windows and the space along the building ▪ The double cores are placed on the hot sides (east, west) thus, provide buffer
perimeter for office use. zones, and minimum air-conditioning is required.
▪ Offers increased flexibility in the depth and arrangement of spaces. ▪ The window openings run through north and south.
▪ Especially beneficial in situations requiring expansive open spaces. ▪ Lift lobbies, stairways and toilets are naturally ventilated and a view out is
possible.
▪ The double core has more flexibility in floor area division.
Disadvantages:
▪ Faces challenges related to accessibility. Disadvantages:
▪ Less suitable for distant areas and building corners. ▪ If the building is not that big, then it becomes costly.
▪ Requires a corridor for accessibility. ▪ One first national plaza.
▪ Limited flexibility in the distribution of tenants or rentals. ▪ Overseas Chinese Bank etc.
VERTICAL CIRULATION
FIRE SAFETY CONCERNS

Vertical circulation is the means by which building occupants access specific areas of a building, including: internal stairs,
internal ramps,elevators.

Element of Vertical circulation:

1.RAMP
2.STAIR
3.ELEVATOR
4.ESCALATOR

RAMP

Slope expressed as a
percentage = (h/d) x 100

▪ Regarding the length of the ramps, for short distances—up to 3 meters—the slope
should be less than 10%. For medium distances—between 3 & 6 meters—the slope
should be less than 8%, and for distances between 6 and 9 meters, the slope must be
less than 6%.

▪ The lengths of ramps must always be straight, as curved ramps make it difficult for the
movement of a person in a wheelchair
STAIR
THE CALCULATION OF TREAD WIDTH IN A MULTI-
STORY BUILDING
IF THE BUILDING IS EQUIPPED WITH BOTH AN AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
SYSTEM AND AN EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM, THE FORMULA –

0.2 INCHES X THE OCCUPANCY LOAD

50 M

FOR MORE THAN 150 PEOPLE FOR LESS THAN 150 PEOPLE
ELEVATOR
An elevator is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors or levels of a building, or other structure. Lift and Lift
lobby are basic fundamentals of a core. The area of the lift lobby and numbers of lifts are calculated from the number of people occupying the floor.

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION PARAMETERS

INTERVAL HANDLING CAPACITY NOMINAL TRAVEL TIME Elevatoring issues affecting
% OF POPULATION IN 5 MINS high rise buildings-
▪ Traffic planning (people
QUALITY LEVEL INCOMING (S) QUALITY LEVEL CAPACITY QUALITY LEVEL TRAVEL TIME (S)
flow)
EXCELLENT 20-25 EXCELLENT 20-25 EXCELLENT 15-20 ▪ Ride Comfort
▪ Piston effect
GOOD 25-32 GOOD 16-20 GOOD 20-25
▪ Building Sway
SATISFACTORY 32-40 SATISFACTORY 13-16 SATISFACTORY 25-32 ▪ Stack effect

NUMBER OF ELEVATOR
N = (A X F X C) / (226 X E)
WHERE,
N= Number of elevators
A = Area of each floor
F = Number of floors in the building
C = Elevator Capacity Factor ( 0.22)
E = Area of elevator (0.18 sq. meters/person)
SIZE OF ELEVATOR LOBBY
L = (0.45 C x A x N) ÷ 0
WHERE,
L = Minimum area of elevator lobby in square meters
C = Elevator Capacity Factor (0.22)
A = Net Area of each floor
N = Number of floors served by the elevator from its main lobby
0 = Occupancy load of floor space served in square meter per occupant (14)
ESCALATOR
Escalator is suitable when the outgoing traffic more
then 250 persons.
▪ 90fpm and 800mm width - serveS 425 persons in 5
mins.
▪ 90fpm and 1200mm width- serveS 680 persons in 5
mins.
▪ 120fpm and 800mm width- serveS 566 persons in 5
mins.
▪ 120fpm and 1200mm width-serveS 891 persons in
5 mins.

TO ASCERTAIN THE CAPACITY AND MEASURE THE SUITABILITY, THE

FOLLOWING FORMULA CAN BE USED:-

N= 3600 x P x V x cos Ɵ / L
Where, Angle of inclination: 30°-35°
N= Number of persons moved per hour Height of handrail: 3’ or 0.91 m
P= Number of persons per step Headroom clearance: 7’6” or a
minimum of 2.29 m
V= Speed (m/s) Bottom landing length: 7’6” or 2.29 m
Ɵ= Angle of incline Top landing length: 8’ or 2.44 m
Truss or depth: 3’8” or 1.12 m
FIRE SAFETY

In any building construction, the design for fire protection and prevention should be done beforehand along with the
building plan. If the fire protection system is designed initially then a suitable fire protected building is possible.

Proactive systems and procedures for preventing

fire incidents at design phase-
- Set Back
- Width of Road
- Fire proof Structural system
- Facade System
- Layout
- Ventilation
- Material Selection

MAX 15 STEPS

U-SHAPED STAIRS IS BEST CIRCULAR STAIRS MUST BE FIREFIGHTING LOBBY FIRE EXIT DON’T EXIT TO BASEMENT
AVOIDED
FIRE SAFETY

SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Firefighting General requirement Requirement per Spaces where sprinklers has to be used:
requirement floor 1. Ground floors, basement and car parking area
(2000 sq.m) 2. Central air conditioning machine room
3. Driveway
4. Substation room
Wet riser 1 per every 1000 sq.m 2 5. Emergency Generator room

Relay pump and After every 7-8 floors 7

reservoir

sprinklers 1 per 9.3 sq.m 270

FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
Heat and smoke 1 per every 75sqm 33-34
Types of fire detection system:
detector
1. Heat detection system
2. Smoke Detectors
Firefighting lift Exit access length less 2 4. Flame Detectors
than 23m Spaces where fire detection is necessary:
1. Basement and Ground floor
2. Driveway and car parking area
Fire stair Occupants upto 500 2 3. Standby generator room
4. Firefighting pump house
5. Residential spaces and living areas.
Location
Fire Detector Layout
-In the Core. Smoke and heat detector system has 75 sqm
area coverage. Therefore, approximately 33-34
-Separate from the building by door.
Detectors are necessary per floor.
MEP SYSTEM OF HIGHRISE

In construction, MEP stands for “MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING” . Often hidden from view, MEP systems make
building interiors safe and habitable.
MECHANICAL PLUMBING:
▪ HEAT PUMP ▪ TYPES OF SEWAGE
▪ GAS BOILER ▪ SEWARAGE SYSTEM
▪ ELEVATOR ▪ SEWER
▪ ESCALATOR ▪ PRINCIPALS OF SANITATION
▪ VENTILATION ▪ SEPTIC SYSTEM
▪ AIR HANDLING ▪ WATER SUPPLY & DISTRIBUTION

ELECTRICAL:
▪ FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM
▪ PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
▪ ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
▪ CCTV SYSTEM & MONITORING SYSTEM
▪ BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM
▪ BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
VENTILATION
Ventilating is the process of replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality ( to control temperature, replenish oxygen, or remove moisture, odors,
smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria and carbon dioxide). Ventilation is used to remove unpleasat smells and excessive moisture, introduce outside air, to keep
interior building air circulating, and to prevent stagnation of the interior air.

Types of ventilation:
1. Natural ventilation
2. Mechanical ventilation
3. Mixed Mode Ventilation both mechanical
DUCTING
Duct systems are used in most commercial buildings to transport conditioned air between heating and cooling equipment
and the occupied space. Ducts also distribute outdoor air to the occupied space and exhaust indoor air to outdoors.

DUCTED DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES

▪ Service duct require careful planning and should be considered at an

early stage in the design of a building.
▪ Accommodation of the plant and the layout of services are the two
essential factors in design.
▪ It is usual to need some 7 - 10% of the total floor area for plant spaces
and ducts.If the building is not that big, then it becomes costly.
▪ The ducts are placed near the elevator chambers, the bathrooms and
kitchens. The ducts also connect the Plant Rooms together.
THE PURPOSE
Optimal Airflow: Smooth flow of air throughout the building, preventing
any blockages or pressure drops, maintaining uniform temperatures and
air quality.
Improved Energy Efficiency: Minimize energy wastage by reducing air
leakage and pressure losses, resulting in lower energy consumption and
cost savings.
Enhanced Comfort: Enables effective temperature and humidity control,
providing occupants with a comfortable indoor environment.
Noise Reduction: Properly designed ductwork reduces the noise
generated by the HVAC system.
PARKING
▪ TO REDUCE INCIDENT OFA SINGLE HELIX (TWO-WAY) ARRANGEMENT SHOULD BE
LIMITED TO FIVE OR SIX LEVELS BECAUSE OF THE NUMBER OF TURNS REQUIRED TO
PASS ALL PARKING SPACES.

▪ FOR A DOUBLE THREADED HELIX (ONE-WAY), ARRANGEMENTS ALLOW FOR A

VEHICLE TO CIRCULATE UP AND THEN BACK DOWN WITHOUT MAKING A U-TURN AT
THE TOP.TWO-WAY TRAFFICONE-WAY TRAFIC
FENESTRATION SYSTEM
FENESTRATION CHARACTERISTICS:

AESTHETICS AND MATERIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY

DESIGN

Photovoltaic Facade Smart Glass Dynamic Shading Systems

Facade Systems and Technology Sustainability and Green Building

LIGHT & VENTILATION WATER RESISTENT FIRE SAFETY

ACOUSTICS
Classifications of Fenestration

Classification

Structural Non-Structural
Envelop Envelop

Based on
Solid Curtain Wall
Number of Skin

Single Skin Double Skin

Perforated Stick System
Façade Façade

Based on Type Based on mode

Unitized System Based on Cavity
of Ventilation of Vantilation

Panelized
Natural Buffer Façade Box Window
System

Spandrel Panel Extract Air

Mechanical Shaft box
Ribbon Glazing Façade

Hybrid Twin Faced Corridor

Hybrid Multistory
TYPES OF FENESTRATION

Structural Envelop: Number of skin:

Solid facade Perforated facade Single skin facades Double skin facades

Curtain Wall:

Stick system Unitized system Panelized system Spandrel panel ribbon glazing
LIGHTING TREATMENT

Window Size and Transparent Partition Light Shelves and Louvres

Reflective Surface
Placement Light well and Atrium

External Sunshades Vertical Fins Dynamic Shading Systems Smart Glass

Wind Pressure Treatment: Thermal Treatment:

• Energy-Efficient Design:
• Wind Bracing • Windbreaks & canopies

• Thermal Mass

• • High-performance Facades
Facade Modifications • Green Roofs and Urban
Greenery
FUNCTIONALITY OF HIGH RISE

The functionality of a commercial high-rise building can vary based on its purpose, design, and the needs of its occupants. However, common
features and functions of commercial high-rise buildings typically include:

Office Spaces: Multi-floor offices for businesses and organizations.

Retail Spaces: Shops, restaurants, or commercial establishments may be present.
Conference Facilities: Rooms for meetings, conferences, and events.
Parking Facilities: Adequate parking for occupants and visitors.
Elevators and Escalators: Multiple systems for vertical transportation.
Common Areas: Lobbies, lounges, and rest areas for collaboration and relaxation.
Security Systems: Access control, surveillance, and safety measures.
HVAC Systems: Advanced heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Fire Safety: Detection, suppression, and emergency evacuation systems.
Utilities and Infrastructure: Robust systems for electricity, water, and telecommunications.
Green Building Features: Sustainable design, materials, and technologies for environmental efficiency.
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION
High-rise buildings can have both direct and indirect influences on the local climate. Here are some of the key factors to
consider:

▪ Urban Heat Island Effect:

Direct Impact: Tall buildings can contribute to the urban heat island effect, where urban areas experience higher
temperatures than their surrounding rural areas. The surfaces of tall buildings absorb and re-radiate solar energy,
contributing to increased temperatures.
Indirect Impact: The clustering of high-rise buildings in urban areas can lead to reduced green spaces and increased
impervious surfaces, further exacerbating the urban heat island effect.

▪ Microclimates:
Wind Patterns: High-rise buildings can alter local wind patterns, creating wind tunnels and turbulence at street levels. This
can influence the dispersion of pollutants and affect the overall comfort of pedestrians.
Shadowing: Tall buildings cast shadows that can affect the distribution of sunlight at ground level. This can impact the local
microclimate, with shaded areas experiencing cooler temperatures.

▪ Environmental Impact:
Material Use: The construction and maintenance of high-rise buildings involve significant material use and energy
consumption, contributing to the overall environmental impact.
Green Building Practices: However, some high-rise buildings incorporate sustainable and green design features,
mitigating their environmental impact.
LOADS ON HIGHRISE
WIND LOAD CALCULATION SEISMIC load or earthquake effectS the structure laterally.
For this reason, construction moves horizontally.

▪ A REDUCTION BETWEEN 10-20 PERCENT OF THE ACROSS WIND

BUILDING RESPONSE CAN BE OBTAINED BY ROTATING THE
BUILDING WITHIN 10 DEGREE OF THE LOCATION.
▪ IN CIRCULAR PLANS,WIND LOAD IS ABOUT 20 PERCENT LESS
COMPARED WITH BUILDINGS HAVING A RECTAMGULAR PLAN.
▪ CREATING AN INWARD TAPERED FAÇADE.

LEAD RUBBER BEARING

DESIGN APPROACH AGAINST WIND

FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING RUBBER BEARING
 SOCIAL & URBAN IMPACT

SOCIAL IMPACT OF A COMMERCIAL HIGH-RISE:

ECONOMIC HUB: ACTS AS AN ECONOMIC HUB, ATTRACTING BUSINESSES AND CREATING JOB OPPORTUNITIES.

INCREASED FOOT TRAFFIC: GENERATES INCREASED FOOT TRAFFIC, POTENTIALLY BOOSTING LOCAL BUSINESSES.

URBANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT: CONTRIBUTES TO URBANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT, ALTERING THE LANDSCAPE AND INFRASTRUCTURE.

CULTURAL DIVERSITY: ATTRACTS A DIVERSE WORKFORCE, FOSTERING CULTURAL EXCHANGE AND COLLABORATION.

SOCIAL DISPARITIES: MAY CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIAL DISPARITIES IF ASSOCIATED WITH RISING LIVING COSTS.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: REQUIRES COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT TO ADDRESS CONCERNS AND ENSURE INCLUSIVITY.

PUBLIC SPACES: DESIGN INFLUENCES PUBLIC SPACES, IMPACTING SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITHIN AND AROUND THE BUILDING.

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION: CAN LEAD TO INCREASED TRAFFIC AND DEMANDS ON TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, AFFECTING LOCAL RESIDENTS.

LOCAL SERVICES: INFLUENCES THE AVAILABILITY AND DEMAND FOR LOCAL SERVICES.

PERCEPTION AND IMAGE: SHAPES THE PERCEPTION AND IMAGE OF THE SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOOD.
RULES & REGULATION

FAR CALCULATION
As per Dhaka Imarat Nirman
Bidhimala 2008-
For buildings above 20 storey height, the size of the interior courtyard shall not be
Built area = FAR x Land Area less than the square of one-third the height of the tallest wall abutting the courtyard.

SOURCE - The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020.

LOCAL CASE STUDIES
B.C.I.C
BANGLADESH CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
CORPORATION

LOCATION: DHAKA, BANGLADESH.

TYPOLOGY: COMMERCIAL

PROJECT COMPLETION: 1987

ARCHITECT: BASHURUL HAQUE

BUILT AREA: 3,02,500 SQ.FT.

ELEVATION
AUDITORIUM
 CORE ANALYSIS
• 6 no. of elevator
• Run from Ground floor
• Main Stair
• Fire Exit Stair
• 3 Toilets

End core
 STRUCTURE
▪ INVOLVES A COMBINATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND STEEL ELEMENTS.
▪ THE BUILDING UTILIZES A ROBUST FRAMEWORK OF COLUMNS, BEAMS, AND SLABS,
WHILE ALSO INCORPORATING INNOVATIVE DESIGN ELEMENTS TO ENSURE STRUCTURAL
STABILITY AND SUPPORT.
▪ CORE FOR VERTICAL LOAD-BEARING AND LATERAL STABILITY, OPTIMIZING THE BUILDING'S
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY.

WAFFLE SLAB
CIRCULAR
COLUMN
FENESTRATION
▪ THE BUILDING INCORPORATES A RHYTHMIC PATTERN OF FENESTRATION WITH CAREFULLY
POSITIONED WINDOWS AND OPENINGS.
▪ THE FENESTRATION DESIGN ALLOWS AMPLE NATURAL LIGHT TO ENTER THE BUILDING , ADDS
AN AESTHETIC APPEAL TO THE STRUCTURE, CREATING A HARMONIOUS BALANCE BETWEEN
LIGHT, SHADOW, AND THE BUILDING'S FACADE.

CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION
IT INCORPORATES PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES TO MITIGATE LOCAL CLIMATE EFFECTS AND
OTHER ISSUES. SUCH AS -
▪ SOLAR ORIENTATION
▪ NATURAL VENTILATION
▪ SHADING DEVICES
▪ SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
▪ MAXIMIZE NATURAL LIGHT
▪ MINIMIZE HEAT GAIN,
▪ PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
▪ REDUCE THE BUILDING'S CARBON FOOTPRINT.

SUNPATH
THE GLASS HOUSE
GULSHAN, DHAKA

Architect : Ehsan Khan and Architects

Land Area : 20.60 Katha
Orientation of the land : East west
Number of Floors : Ground + 13 floors
Number of Basement : 3
Structure : composite ( post lintel & steel )
Floor Area : 5,323 - 8,427 sft (approx)
Number of Car Parking : 66

FEATURES & AMENITIES

▪ GRAND DOUBLE-HEIGHT ENTRY
▪ GRAND DOUBLE-HEIGHT ENTRY
▪ 11.67 FEET FLOOR CLEARANCE FOR COMFORTABLE INTERIOR ARRANGEMENT
▪ THREE-LAYERED BASEMENT PARKING WITH MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND
AUTOMATED PARKING MONITORING SYSTEM
▪ FACILITY FOR COMMUNICATION TOWER ON ROOFTOP
 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
FIRE AND SANITARY
PUMP ROOM
The pump provides
water flow at a higher
pressure to the
sprinkler system rises
and hose standpipes.

RAW AND FIRE

WATER RESERVOIR

BASEMENT LEVEL -3
EXHAUST FAN ROOM
 Ac Chiller Pump &
Exhaust Fan Room
High Window
for air intake

BASEMENT LEVEL -1
AC Control Room

Exhaust duct
 DOUBLE HEIGHT
ENTRY

FIRE EXHAUST DUCT

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

 AIR HANDLING UNIT(AHU)
• An air handling unit, commonly called an AHU, is
the composition of elements
• mounted in large, accessible box-shaped units
called modules, which house the appropriate
ventilation requirements for purifying, air-
conditioning or renewing the indoor air in a
building or premises.
• Central Air-Conditioning System with Load
Management

FLOOR PLAN @ LEVEL 15 A cooling tower is a specialized heat

exchanger in which -
• air and water are brought into direct contact with
each other in order to reduce the water’s
SAFETY FENCING
temperature.
COOLING TOWER • As this occurs, a small volume of water is
evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water
being circulated through the tower.
 CORE ANALYSIS

BASEMENT LEVEL -1
End core
• 3 no. of elevator
• Lift capacity : 11 person at a
time
• elevator dimensions are
according to standard sufficient
for whole building
• Run from first floor
• Two Fire Stairs with Ventilation

Entry Lift lobby

Overhead water
ELEVATOR
reservoir

Section Section
 FENESTRATION
Insulated Double Glazing Low Emission Heat-resistant Glass
First commercial high rise steel structure of the country

Steel & glass

fenestration
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES
QUAY-QUARTER-TOWER

ARCHITECT: 3XN
YEAR: 2022
LOCATION: SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
HEIGHT: 216 M
FLOOR: 54
CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

THE VERTICAL VILLAGE:

QUAY QUARTER TOWER EMBRACES A "VERTICAL VILLAGE" CONCEPT, PRIORITIZING THE USER EXPERIENCE BY THOUGHTFUL DESIGN BOTH INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY. THE BUILDING IS
DIVIDED INTO FIVE DISTINCT VOLUMES, STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN INTIMACY AND CONNECTIVITY TO OFFER AN OPTIMAL EXPERIENCE FOR ITS OCCUPANTS.

OUTDOOR SPACES AT ENTRANCES, A ROOF-TOP

TERRACE, AND TERRACES ENCOURAGE SOCIAL
INTERACTIONS, FOSTERING A SENSE OF COMMUNITY
AMONG USERS.

QUAY QUARTER TOWER INTEGRATES A SPIRAL STAIR

CONNECTING FLOORS ORGANIZED AROUND STACKED
ATRIA, ALLOWING NATURAL LIGHT INTO 2,000 SQM
FLOORPLATES. THE OPEN ATRIUM DESIGN FOSTERS VISUAL
ACCESSIBILITY, PROMOTING COLLABORATION.

FIVE LARGER VOLUMES, EACH A SOCIAL HUB

UNTO THEMSELVES WITHIN THE BUILDING.
SHAPING QUAY QUARTER TOWER

▪ COMPOSED OF FIVE STACKED AND

SHIFTED VOLUMES.

▪ THE LOWER FLOORS FACE THE BUSTLING

YOUNG STREET AND HARBOUR BRIDGE.

▪ FAN OUT EASTWARDS AS THEY CLIMB

TO FRAME PANORAMIC VIEWS.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
▪ RETAINS-
1) 65% OF THE ORIGINAL TOWER STRUCTURE - BEAMS,
COLUMNS AND SLABS.
2) 95% OF THE ORIGINAL CORE, RESULTING IN AN EMBODIED
CARBON SAVING OF 12,000 TONNES.

▪ ALONGSIDE THIS ORIGINAL STRUCTURE, THE STUDIOS ADDED

A SERIES OF ANGULAR EXTENSIONS THAT CREATED FIVE
SHIFTED VOLUMES, WHICH DOUBLED THE BUILDING'S
FLOOR.
▪ NEW FLOORPLATES WERE ATTACHED TO THE EXISTING
SLABS.
▪ CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL TUBES WERE USED TO OPTIMIZE
THE STRUCTURAL GRID SPAN AND ENHANCE THE VIEWS. DEMOLISHED STRUCTURE RETAINED STRUCTURE NEW STRUCTURE

COLUMN SPACING WITH AN IMPERIAL 14-FOOT (4.3-

METRE) SPAN PERIMETER FRAME TO THE SOUTH, AND
A MORE CONTEMPORARY (AND METRIC) 8–12-METRE
SPAN TO THE NORTH.
CORE ANALYSIS

▪ CENTRAL CORE SYSTEM

▪ DOUBLE-DECK ELEVATORS
▪ 24 ELEVATORS
▪ TEN ESCALATORS, WHICH WORK IN
FIVE PAIRS SERVICING THE PODIUM,
RETAIL, AND LOBBY FLOORS.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

TERRACE
TRADING FLOOR
SHARED AMENITIES/MEETING
CROWN (SEMI-PUBLIC EVENT SPACE)
PLANT ROOM SPACE

THE PODIUM HAS MULTIPLE POINTS OF ENTRY FROM BRIDGE

STREET AND PHILLIP STREET. ITS PERMEABILITY AS WELL AS ITS
RETAIL OFFERINGS ENCOURAGE PEDESTRIAN FLOW THROUGH
THE BUILDING AND ANIMATES THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
 CLOSED MEETING SPACE
ATRIUM ATRIUM
CORE & SERVICE BELOW
BELOW

SHARED SPACE OPEN OFFICE SPACE

FENESTRATION & CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION

PERFORMATIVE PATTERN
QUAY QUARTER TOWER'S TEXTURED FAÇADE SERVES A DUAL
PURPOSE: CONTROLLING SOLAR RADIANCE AND DIMINISHING
THE PERCEIVED SCALE THROUGH A STAGGERED SUN-SHADING
FRAME. THIS PASSIVELY SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PAYS HOMAGE
TO SYDNEY'S SKYLINE, REDUCING MECHANICAL NEEDS AND
MAXIMIZING VIEWS FOR USERS.

THE TOWER IS EXPANDED, IMPROVED

AND RECYCLED TO CREATE THE NEW
STATE-OF-THE-ART QUAY QUARTER
TOWER WITH ITS NEW FAÇADE AND
BUILDING SERVICES, AND DOUBLED
▪ THE BUILDING WAS WRAPPED IN A FACADE WITH AN EXTERNAL SUNSHADE FLOOR PLATE SIZE.
THAT BLOCKS 30 PER CENT OF SOLAR RADIANCE.
▪ THE LARGE DIAGONAL CUTS REVEAL NORTH-FACING TERRACES AND CREATE THE DESIGN OPTIMISES THE
SPACE FOR SOUTH-FACING MECHANICAL FLOORS. EMBODIED ENERGY AND RESOURCES
INHERENT IN THE EXISTING BUILDING
▪ THE EAST- AND WEST-FACING MODULES PROTRUDE AT VARYING ANGLES,
AND RESULTS IN A SAVING 12,079
PROVIDING SHADE FROM MORNING AND AFTERNOON SUN WITH A METRIC TONS OF EMBODIED CARBON
DOWNWARD INCLINE. IN ADDITION TO REDUCED
▪ THE NORTH-FACING MODULES ARE THINNER, ALIGNED WITH HIGHER CONSTRUCTION TIME AND
NORTHERN SUN ANGLES. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
ADVANTAGES:
▪ THE ATRIA FLOORS ARE DEMOUNTABLE, ENABLING TENANTS TO ADJUST THE SIZE OF THEIR SPACES AS WORKFORCES CHANGE.

▪ THE TOWER PROVIDES A VIBRANT URBAN DESTINATION WITH GREEN SPACES IN A DENSELY POPULATED AREA.

▪ WORLD-FIRST INNOVATION, RATHER THAN DEMOLISH AND REBUILD THE 50 BRIDGE STREET SKYSCRAPER, IT IS BEING UPCYCLED,
RETAINING 60% OF THE EXISTING CORE STRUCTURE.

▪ EACH OF THE TOWER’S FIVE VOLUMES IS A HUB UNTO ITSELF, FLOORS THREADED TOGETHER BY A SPIRAL STAIR AND ARRANGED
AROUND STACKED ATRIA THAT BRING DAYLIGHT DEEP INTO THE 2,000 SQM FLOOR PLATES.

▪ QQT CHALLENGES THE COMMON HIGHRISE DESIGN BY INCORPORATING A LOBBY AND MARKET HALL INTO ITS SLOPING SITE, CREATING
AN OPEN, MULTILEVEL PUBLIC PODIUM. THIS INNOVATIVE APPROACH DIVERGES FROM THE TYPICAL TOWER-ON-PODIUM DESIGN,
FOSTERING STREET-LEVEL ENGAGEMENT AND INCLUSIVITY IN URBAN SPACES.
DISADVANTAGES:
▪ NO PARKING FACILITIES INSIDE THE BUILDING ,BUT THERE ARE PUBLIC PARKINGS ON THAT AREA.

▪ THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ELEMENTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO HIGHER
CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS COMPARED TO MORE CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES.
DOHA TOWER

ARCHITECT: JEAN NOUVEL

YEAR: 2005 - 2012
LOCATION: DOHA, QATAR
HEIGHT: 238.1 M
FLOOR: 46
CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

THE BUILDING MAKES AN ICONIC DECLARATION AND STANDS AS A SYMBOL ON

THE DOHA SKYLINE, BOTH DAY AND NIGHT THROUGH THE TEXTURE OF ITS FACADE AND ITS
INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING.

▪ THE TOWER'S CYLINDRICAL SHAPE WAS DETERMINED BASED ON ITS EFFICIENCY IN

MAXIMIZING FLOOR-TO-WINDOW AREA.
▪ THE ARRANGEMENT OF OFFICES AND ELEVATORS WAS ALSO CONSIDERED.
▪ TO CREATE MORE FLEXIBLE OFFICE SPACES, THE CORE OF THE BUILDING WAS MOVED AWAY
FROM THE CENTER.
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

▪ THE DOHA TOWER IS A CYLINDRICAL VOLUME THAT MEASURES 45 M IN

DIAMETER.

▪ IT IS CROWNED BY A DOME THAT ENDS WITH A LIGHT TOWER AT 231.50 M.

▪ THIS HELICAL STRUCTURE CREATED REAL CHALLENGES IN STRUCTURAL

ENGINEERING DESIGN, INCLUDING EXTERNAL “BLAST” FORCES CREATED BY
GEOMETRY THAT WERE REDISTRIBUTED THROUGH THE USE OF POST-BENT RING
BEAMS AT EACH LEVEL,

▪ THE STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURE FOLLOWS A DIAMOND-SHAPED GRID

THAT BENDS ALONG THE VIRTUAL SURFACE OF THE CYLINDER.

▪ THE MAIN FRAME WAS DESIGNED AS A TUBE, WITH THE OUTER STRUCTURE OF
DOUBLE REINFORCED CONCRETE PROPELLER THAT SUPPORTED BOTH THE
VERTICAL LOAD AND UP TO 75% OF THE LATERAL WIND REINFORCEMENT
LOADS.

▪ ITS STRUCTURE IS A DIAGONAL OF NON-TRADITIONAL CONCRETE WITH

INCLINED PERIMETER COLUMNS THAT FORM AN X-SHAPED STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM EVERY 8 FLOORS THAT DISTRIBUTE THE LOADS TO THE FOUNDATIONS.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

A GENTLE SLOPE DESCENDS TO THE

ENTRANCE OF THE LOBBY, EMPHASIZING
THE CONNECTION OF THE TOWER WITH 25 M WIDE PERGOLA
THE GROUND THAT SUPPORTS IT.
LANDSCAPING COVERS 40% OF THE
SITE, WHICH ADDS TO THE PEDESTRIAN
EXPERIENCE. CORRIDOR
OPEN OFFICE SPACE
CLOSED OFFICE SPACE
SERVICE & CORE

EACH FLOOR OFFERS PANORAMIC VIEWS OF THE GULF ON THE EAST, THE PORT
TO THE SOUTH, THE CITY TO THE WEST, AND THE COAST AND DESERT TO THE
NORTH.

A LARGE INTERIOR ATRIUM, WITH A HEIGHT THAT REACHES 112M TO LEVEL 27,
HOUSES EIGHT GLASS ELEVATORS THAT ALLOW VIEWS OF THE CITY. FROM LEVEL
27 OFFERS A TRANSFER HALL BETWEEN THE LOW AND HIGH AREAS.
HIGH LEVEL OFFICIAL PLAN
CORE

THREE FLOORS OF THE TOWER ARE DEDICATED AS PARKING SPACE THAT CAN ACCOMMODATE ENOUGH SPACE TO MORE
THAN 870 CARS.
CORE ANALYSIS
▪ A RECTANGULAR STRUCTURAL CORE WITH
ELEVATORS AND UTILITIES IS PLACED
SLIGHTLY OFF-CENTRE.
▪ IT PROVIDES FURTHER STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
TO THE COLUMNS AND ALLOWS FOR THREE-
METRE FLOOR HEIGHTS AND OPEN FLOOR
SPACE.
▪ THE DESIGN TEAM PLACED THE CENTRAL
SERVICES ON ONE OF THE SIDES IN ORDER TO
OBTAIN DIAPHANOUS FLOOR SPACES.
SERVICE CORE
CLOSED OFFICE SPACE
FENESTRATION & CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION
▪ THE FAÇADE USES A DOUBLE SCREEN SYSTEM.
▪ THE EXTERIOR SKIN IS COMPOSED OF FOUR “BUTTERFLY” ALUMINIUM ELEMENTS OF DIFFERENT SCALES AND
EVOKES THE COMPLEXITY OF THE ORIENTAL MOUCHARABIEH WHILE SERVING AS PROTECTION FROM THE
SUN.
▪ FROM A DISTANCE, THE SCREEN APPEARS AS A UNIFORM DENSITY, BUT THE COMPLEXITY OF THE LAYERS AND
THE SCALE OF THE SCREENS IS EVIDENT FROM A CLOSER POINT OF VIEW, WHICH GIVES THE BUILDING
MULTIPLE TEXTURE EXPERIENCES.
▪ BEHIND THE SHADOW LAYER IS A TYPICAL CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM CREATED BY A SLIGHTLY REFLECTIVE GLASS
THAT COMPLETES THE SUNSCREEN.

THE SPACING BETWEEN THE WINDOWS AND THE CLADDING

PROVIDES NARROW WALKWAY ON EVERY FLOOR, ENABLING
MAINTENANCE OF THE STRUCTURE AND THE SPACE FOR THE
INSTALLATION OF THE ILLUMINATION OF THE BUILDING.

THE PATTERN VARIES ACCORDING TO THE

ORIENTATION AND RESPECTIVE NEEDS FOR
SOLAR PROTECTION: 25% TOWARDS THE
NORTH, 40% TOWARDS THE SOUTH, 60%
ON THE EAST AND WEST.
NORTH ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION
SUNSCREEN SUNSCREEN
THE LIGHT TOWER ON TOP OF THE DOHA TOWER, ALSO KNOWN AS THE BURJ
DOHA, SERVES MULTIPLE PURPOSES. IT PRIMARILY FUNCTIONS AS AN
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT, ENHANCING THE BUILDING'S AESTHETIC APPEAL.
ADDITIONALLY, IT COULD SERVE AS AN AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHT OR AN
ILLUMINATION FEATURE FOR THE SKYLINE, MAKING THE TOWER VISIBLE DURING
NIGHT TIME.
ADVANTAGES:
STRIKING AESTHETICS: THE CYLINDRICAL SHAPE, LOUVERED SCREENS, AND DIAMOND-SHAPED PATTERNS ON THE FACADE CONTRIBUTE TO THE TOWER'S VISUALLY APPEALING AND STRIKING
AESTHETICS.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY: THE DESIGN OF THE TOWER INCLUDES FEATURES LIKE LOUVERED SCREENS THAT PROVIDE SHADING TO REDUCE SOLAR HEAT GAIN. THESE ELEMENTS CONTRIBUTE TO
THE BUILDING'S ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY.

NIGHTTIME ILLUMINATION: THE TOWER IS EQUIPPED WITH LED LIGHTING, ALLOWING FOR IMPRESSIVE NIGHTTIME ILLUMINATION. THIS FEATURE ENHANCES THE VISUAL IMPACT OF THE
BUILDING AND ADDS TO THE CITY'S SKYLINE AT NIGHT.

OCCUPANCY: THE DOHA TOWER HOUSES OFFICE SPACES, AND ITS LOCATION IN THE WEST BAY AREA POSITIONS IT AS A DESIRABLE ADDRESS FOR BUSINESSES, OFFERING VIEWS OF THE CITY
AND THE ARABIAN GULF.

DISADVANTAGES:
NOTABLE MAINTENANCE CHALLENGES: THE UNIQUE DESIGN ELEMENTS, SUCH AS THE LOUVERED SCREENS AND INTRICATE FACADE, MAY POSE CHALLENGES FOR MAINTENANCE. CLEANING
AND MAINTAINING THE EXTERIOR COULD REQUIRE SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT AND EXPERTISE.

HIGH CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ELEMENTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO HIGHER
CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS COMPARED TO MORE CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES.

ABSENCE OF FIRE SAFETY MEASURES: NO SEPARATE ESCAPE FOR FIRE HAZARDS COULD BE NOTED.
S-Trenue Tower
ARCHITECT: Mass Studies
YEAR: 2006
LOCATION: SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
AREA: 2931 M²
HEIGHT: 154.1 M
FLOOR: 43 floors
CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS
THE BUILDING IS A ‘BUNDLE TOWER’, IN OTHER WORDS, A PROJECT WHERE 3
SEPARATE VOLUMES INTERSECT AND INTERTWINE.
BASEMENT 1 PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN

PARKING

MECHANICAL ROOM
BASEMENT 7 PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN CORE

TOILET ESCALATOR

STAIRS PARKING
9TH FLOOR PLAN 13TH FLOOR PLAN

30TH FLOOR PLAN 35TH FLOOR PLAN

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

▪ THE BUILDING IS COMPRISED OF 7 BASEMENT LEVELS

AND 36 SUPERSTRUCTURE LEVELS
▪ PARKING AND MECHANICAL ROOMS ARE LOCATED ON
BASEMENT LEVELS 2-7
▪ COMMUNITY CONVENIENCES ARE ON BASEMENT LEVELS
ONE TO SUPERSTRUCTURE LEVEL FOUR
▪ WITH THE REMAINING LEVELS 5 TO 36 -LIVE OR WORK Office or Living
SPACE.
▪ LEVELS 14-15, AT THE CORE OF THE BUILDING, CONTAIN
SUPPORT FACILITIES AND CENTRAL MECHANICAL ROOMS
AND MARK THE DIVISION OF FACILITIES.
▪ THE LOWER FOUR OR FIVE LEVELS, MOSTLY FILLED WITH
Community conveniences
HIGH-PROFIT COMMERCIAL.

Basement
(Parking + Mechanical
Room)
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
▪ THE CORE TOWER IS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
▪ THE TWO SIDE TOWERS ARE STEEL.
▪ WITH THE CORE TOWER AT THE CENTER, THE SLIMMER STEEL CONSTRUCTION TOWERS
LEAN AT VARYING ANGLES BUT MAINTAIN STRUCTURAL SOUNDNESS.
▪ BELT TRUSS REINFORCEMENT IS AT LEVELS 14-15 TO STRENGTHEN THE HIGHRISE.
BUILDING MATRIX

▪ THE L-SHAPED PODIUM TOWER IS REORGANIZED

AND TRANSFORMS INTO THREE VERTICAL
ELEMENTS -THREE SLIMMER TOWERS-
1. THE CENTRAL CORE TOWER
2. THE ADJOINED STREET-SIDE TOWER
3. ADJOINED REAR TOWER

▪ THE ADJOINED REAR TOWER AND THE PODIUM

FORM AN "L’ THAT
▪ CONTINUES AS ONE ELEMENT.
▪ THIRTY-TWO BRIDGES IN THE
GAPS CONNECT ALL THREE
TOWERS FUNCTIONALLY AND
STRUCTURALLY.
▪ EACH OF THESE BRIDGES HAS A
BALCONY AND GREENERY ON
EITHER SIDE, CREATING
PLEASANT GARDENS
SUSPENDED IN MID-AIR.
▪ VARIOUS ANGLES CREATES
INDOOR-OUTDOOR RELATION.
PODIUM
• The lower four or five levels, mostly filled
with high-profit commercial entities forming
a podium of maximum site coverage.
• The tower atop the podium faces the street
and horizontally forms an L-shape
• The podium's capacity maximizes value and
invigorates the neighborhood
• The tower's visibility increases from the
street increased distance from neighboring
buildings to the rear improves the overall
environment
CORE ANALYSIS

Central
core
 FINDINGS
▪ THE SLIMNESS OF THE TOWER IMPROVES LIGHTING AND VIEWS INSIDE
▪ THERE ARE MANY ROOMS INSIDE THE TOWER WITH AN UNUSUAL AMOUNT OF ACCESS
▪ EXPOSURE TO THE OUTSIDE FOR A MORE DESIRABLE RESIDENTIAL/WORK
ENVIRONMENT.
▪ INTERSTITIAL GAPS CREATE VERTICAL URBANITY.
▪ A GREEN PARK SPACE INSTALLED EXPECTED TO SEE SIGNIFICANT PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC.
▪ MIST FOUNTAINS AND LIGHTING WILL CREATE A DISTINCTIVE URBAN PARK THAT ADDS
TO THE SITE'S ROLE AS A GATEWAY.