ICAO

(International Civil Aviation Organization)

 What is ICAO?
ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) created through the Chicago Convention on International Civil
Aviation signed on the 7th of December, 1944. Its headquarters are located in Montreal

 How ICAO came into existence?

On 1 November 1944, representatives from 54 nations met in Chicago to establish a framework to regulate the
development of worldwide civil aviation. Fifty-two countries signed the "Chicago Convention". It had to be ratified by
26 states to come into force. As an interim, an international aviation intermediate agreement was adopted. This gave
birth to the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) charged with follow up work for the fledgling
organization. PICAO functioned as a provisional organization until the 4th of April 1947. ICAO as it is known today was
born after the 26th state ratified the Chicago Convention. In October 1947, ICAO became a specialized United Nations
agency linked to the Economic and Social Council of the U.N. Today, ICAO consists of 190 signatory states, of which
only three are not members.

 THE CHICAGO CONVENTION

The Chicago Convention defines the rights and obligations of the signatory states regarding the operation of aircraft.
After working for five weeks on the problems effecting international civil aviation, the representatives of 52 States
present established a new convention. During the 5 weeks that it sat, the conference produced 6 important
documents:
• The Convention on International Civil Aviation. (The Chicago Convention)
• The Interim Agreement on International Civil Aviation (PICAO).
• The International Air Services Transit Agreement or "Two Freedom" agreement.
• The International Air Transport Agreement or "Fifth Freedom" agreement.
• The drafts of twelve Technical Annexes.
• A standard form of Bilateral Agreement for the exchange of routes and air services.

 SECOND FREEDOM AGREEMENT

The International Air Services Transit Agreement or "Two Freedom" agreement is an agreement under which the
aircraft of Member States may fly over each other's territory for non-traffic purposes (i.e. refueling). This particular
document was a great step forward in the path of international air transport development over a large part of the
world.

 FIFTH FREEDOM AGREEMENT

Another important document/agreement developed was the Fifth Freedom Amendment. It states that each Member
State grants to other Member States:
• the "Second Freedom" agreed rights
• the right to offload passengers / freight uploaded in the country of origin of the aircraft
• the right to upload passengers / freight destined for the country of origin of the aircraft
• the right to upload / offload passengers destined or coming from any Member State.
 TECHNICAL ANNEXES
The ICAO Council has elaborated and adopted 18 technical annexes concerning the following aspects of international
aviation as follows:
 Annex 1: Personnel Licensing
 Annex 2: Rules of the Air
 Annex 3: Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
 Annex 4: Aeronautical Charts
 Annex 5: Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations
 Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft
 Annex 7: Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks
 Annex 8: Airworthiness of Aircraft
 Annex 9: Facilitation
 Annex 10: Aeronautical Telecommunications
 Annex 11: Air Traffic Services
 Annex 12: Search and Rescue
 Annex 13: Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
 Annex 14: Aerodromes
 Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Services
 Annex 16: Environmental Protection
 Annex 17: Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference
 Annex 18: Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
 Annex 19: Security Management
 DGCA
Directorate General Of Civil Aviation
 What is DGCA?
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the regulatory body in the field of Civil Aviation, primarily dealing
with safety issues. It is responsible for regulation of air transport services to/from/within India and for enforcement of
civil air regulations, air safety, and airworthiness standards. The DGCA also co-ordinates all regulatory functions with
the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). The headquarters are located in New Delhi with regional offices in
the various parts of India.

The functions of DGCA are:-

1. Registration of civil aircraft;

2. Formulation of standards of airworthiness for civil aircraft registered in India and grant of
certificates of airworthiness to such aircraft;
3. Licensing of pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers, air traffic controllers and flight engineers,
and conducting examinations and checks for that purpose;
4. Certification of aerodromes;
5. Maintaining a check on the proficiency of flight crew, and also of other operational personnel
such as flight dispatchers and cabin crew;
6. Granting of Air Operator’s Certificates to Indian carriers and regulation of air transport
services operating to/from/within/over India by Indian and foreign operators, including
clearance of scheduled and non-scheduled flights of such operators;
7. Conducting investigation into incidents and serious incidents involving aircraft upto 2250 kg
AUW and taking accident prevention measures including formulation of implementation of
Safety Aviation Management Programmes;
8. Carrying out amendments to the Aircraft Act, the Aircraft Rules and the Civil Aviation
Requirements for complying with the amendments to ICAO Annexes, and initiating proposals
for amendment to any other Act or for passing a new Act in order to give effect to an
international Convention or amendment to an existing Convention;
9. Coordination of ICAO matters with all agencies and sending replies to State Letters, and
taking all necessary action arising out of the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme
(USOAP) of ICAO;
10. Approval of institutes engaged in flying training including simulator training, AME training, air
traffic services training or any other training related with aviation, with a view to ensuring a
high quality of training;
11. Granting approval to aircraft maintenance, repair, design and manufacturing organizations
and their continued oversight;
12. To act as a nodal agency for implementing Annex 9 provisions in India and for coordinating
matters relating to facilitation at Indian airports including holding meetings of the National
Facilitation Committee; DGCA Organisation Manual April 2021 7
13. Rendering advice to the Government on matters relating to air transport including bilateral air
services agreements, on ICAO matters and generally on all technical matters relating to civil
aviation, and to act as an overall regulatory and developmental body for civil aviation in the
country;
14. Regulation and oversight of matters related to Air Navigation Services. Coordination at
national level for flexi-use of air space by civil and military air traffic agencies and interaction
with ICAO for provision of more air routes for civil use through Indian air space;
15. Keeping a check on aircraft noise and engine emissions in accordance with ICAO Annex 16 and
collaborating with the environmental authorities in this matter, if required;
16. Promoting indigenous design and manufacture of aircraft and aircraft components by acting
as a catalytic agent;
 17. Approving training programmes of operators for carriage of dangerous goods, issuing
authorizations for carriage of dangerous goods, etc.
18. Safety Oversight of all entities approved/ certified/ licensed under the Aircraft Rules 1937.

 Regional offices

 THE AIRCRAFT ACT, 1934:- An Act to make better provision for the control of the
manufacture, possession, use, operation, sale, import and export of aircraft

 INDIAN AIRCRAFT RULE 1937:- are the rules made for the fulfillment of task laid down in act 1934,
and the requirements are laid down in CAR

Aircraft Rules 1937:-

Rule 2:- Nationality of aircraft

Rule 3:- Definitions and interpretation

Rule 4:- Use and operation of aircraft

Rule 5:- Registration and nationality and registration marks

Rule 7:- Documents to be carried in aircraft

Rule 7B:- Carriage of cock-pit check list in aircraft

Rule 8:- Carriage of arms, ammunition, explosives, military stores, etc.

Rule 9:- Radio-telegraph apparatus

Rule 21:- Dangerous flying

Rule 25:- Smoking in aircraft

Rule 25A:- Fuelling of aircraft

Rule 29C:- Adoption of the Convention and Annexes

Rule 29D:- Safety Management Systems

Rule 30:- Certificate of registration

Rule 31:- Nature of application

Rule 32:- Aircraft imported by air

Rule 32A:- Export of aircraft

Rule 33:- Change in ownership

Rule 34:- Aircraft destroyed or withdrawn from use

Rule 35:- Registration fees

Rule 36:- Register of aircraft

Rule 37:- Nationality and Registration marks, how to be affixed

Rule 37A:- Use of State marks

Rule 49:- Issue of Type Certificate or Restricted Type Certificate for an aircraft or engine
or propeller designed or manufactured in India

Rule 49A:- Issue of Type certificate or Restricted Type Certificate to an aircraft imported
in India

Rule 49B:- Validation of type certificate or Restricted Type Certificate for aeronautical
product imported in India

Rule 49C:- Type certificate or Restricted Type Certificate - aeronautical product categories

Rule 49D:- Cancellation, suspension of or endorsement on Type certificate or Restricted

Type Certificate

Rule 49E:- Recognition of Type Certificate or Restricted Type Certificate of an

aeronautical product issued by a Contracting State
Rule 49F:- Issue of Supplemental Type Certificate in respect of an aeronautical product

Rule 49G:- Recognition of Supplemental Type Certificate issued by a Contracting State

Rule 49H:- Regulation and control of aircraft components and items of equipment

Rule 491:- Acceptance of design for an aircraft

Rule 50:- Issue of Certificate of airworthiness or Special Certificate of Airworthiness

and Airworthiness Review Certificate

Rule 50A:- Conditions necessary for certificate of airworthiness or special certificate

of airworthiness and inspection, overhaul of aircraft

Rule 51:- Flight Manual

Rule 52:- Modification and repairs

Rule 53:- Use of materials, processes, parts and periodical overhaul of aircraft

Rule 53A:- Manufacture, storage and distribution of all aircraft

Rule 54:- Persons authorised to certify

Rule 55:- Suspension or cancellation of certificate of airworthiness or special certificate

of airworthiness and its continued validity

Rule 55A:- Issue of Special Flight Permit

Rule 56:- Indian aircraft operating outside India

Rule 57:- Instruments and equipment

Rule 58:- Weight and balance

Rule 59:- Defects and defective parts

Rule 59A:- Defects in a foreign aircraft

Rule 60:- Maintenance standards and certification

Rule 61:- Licensing of aircraft maintenance engineers

Rule 61A:- Validation of licences of foreign Aircraft Maintenance Engineers

Rule 62:- Fees

Rule 63:- Aircraft for which apparatus is obligatory

Rule 133A:- Issue of special directions by D.G.C.A

 Rule 133B:- Approved Organisations

Rule 133BA:- Acceptance of foreign approved organisation

Rule 133C:- Fees

Rule 134:- Scheduled Air Transport Services

Rule 134A:- Non-Scheduled Air Transport Services

Rule 134B:- Aerial Work

Rule 134C:- Fees

AIRWORTINESS ADIVISORY CIRCULAR

This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance and information to owners and operators of aircraft concerning their
responsibility for complying with Airworthiness Directives (AD) and recording AD compliance in the appropriate
maintenance records.

1998 AAC 6 of 1998 - Grant of approval to Foreign Flight Engineer's License

AAC 7 of 1998 - Guidelines for procuring parts manufactured by parts manufacturing approval holders (PMA)

2000 AAC 3 of 2000 - Good Maintenance Practice

AAC 6 of 2000 - Handling of Electrostatic devices.

AAC 8 of 2000 - Refresher training for AME license/ Approval & Certificate of Competency holders.

2001 AAC 3 of 2001 - Banner Towing Operations

AAC 5 of 2001 Rev 1 - Engineering Statistics Report

2003 AAC 4 of 2003 - Return to Service of Aircraft Items - Recovered from aircraft involved in

Accidents/ Incidents.

2004 AAC 2 of 2004 - Routine Readout and maintenance of FDR/DFDR units installed on Aircraft

AAC 3 of 2004 - Routine readout and maintenance of CVR Units installed on aircraft

2006 AAC 3 of 2006 Rev 1 - Authenticity and Serviceability of Aircraft Parts

 AAC 4 of 2006 Revision 1 - Airworthiness Approvals for Exports

2007 AAC 2 of 2007 - Certification of transit inspection of an aircraft by other organizations.

2011 AAC 2 of 2011 - Categorization of Surveillance/ Audit findings.

2012 AAC 1 of 2012- Duty Time Limitation – Aircraft Maintenance Personnel (AMP)

2013 AAC 2 of 2013 Revision 1 - Modifications and Repairs Superseded by AAC 1 of 2017

AAC 3 of 2013- EDTO Airworthiness Approval

AAC 4 of 2013 - Engine oil loss due to damage of 'O' ring of oil cap.

AAC 5 of 2013 - Validity of Certification Authorization and AME license

2015 AAC 1 of 2015 - Coding and Registration of ELTs

AAC 2 of 2015 - Import/Export of Aircraft Spares, Items of Equipment etc. for use on aircraft. - Superseded by

AAC 2 of 2016

2016 AAC 1 of 2016 - Check List of Current Airworthiness Advisory Circulars

2017 AAC 1 of 2017 - Procedure for approval of Modification and Repair

AAC 2 of 2017 - Standard and Procedure for Issuance/ Extension/ Renewal of Certification Author
Destructive Testing by Approved Organization.

AAC 3 of 2017 - Procedure for Approval of Line Stations - Scheduled Airlines

AAC 4 of 2017 - Endorsement with Type Rating - CAR-66 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers License

AAC 05 of 2017 - Procedures for granting approval to CAMO for the Issuance/ Extension of Airwo
recommendation for airworthiness review to DGCA

AAC 6 of 2017 - Airworthiness Procedures for clean rooms and environments for aircraft system/

AAC 7 of 2017 - Storage conditions and storage/ service life of Rubber parts and aircraft compone
 AAC 8 of 2017 - Maintenance of test equipment

AAC 9 of 2017 - Maintenance of fuel and oil uplift and consumption records – Light aircraft – Pisto

AAC 10 of 2017 - Unusable fuel supply-calibration of fuel quantity gauge of aircraft.

AAC 11 of 2017 - Control of Electromagnetic interference in modern aircraft

AAC 12 of 2017 - Maintenance of Airborne Communication, Navigation and Radar Equipment

AAC 13 of 2017 - Aircraft Instruments Overhaul and Periodical Inspections

2018 AAC 1 of 2018 - Check List of Current Airworthiness Advisory Circulars

AAC 2 of 2018 - CAR 147 (Basic) organizations – Procedures for Approval/ Renewal/ Change in the scope of

approval

 SECTIONS OF CAR
 Section 1:- GENERAL
 Section 2:- AIRWORTHINESS
 Section 3:- AIR TRANSPORT
 Section 4:- AERODROM STANDARDS AND LICENSING
 Section 5:- AIR SAFETY
 Section 6:- DESIGN STANDARDS AND TYPE CERTIFICATION
  Section 7:- FLIGHT CREW STANDARDS, TRAINIG AND LICENSING
 Section 8:- AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS
 Section 9:- AIR SPACE AND AIR NAVIGATION STANDARDS
 Section 10:- AIVATION ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
 Section 11:- SAFE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR

 Section 2:- AIRWORTHINESS

Series A – Scope and Extent

Series B – Approval of Cockpit Check list, MEL, CDL
Series C – Defect Recording, monitoring, Investigation and Reporting
Series D – Aircraft Maintenance Programme
Series E – Approval Organizations
Series F – Airworthiness and Continued Airworthiness
Series H – Requirements of Aircraft Fuel, Refueling of Aircraft and Calibration of Aircraft Fuels
Series I – Aircraft Instrument, Equipment and Accessories
Series L – Aircraft Maintenance Engineer – Licensing
Series M – Mandatory Modification and Inspections
Series O – Operational Requirement for Aircraft
Series R – Airborne Communication, Navigation and Radar
Series S – Storage of Aircraft Parts
Series T – Flight Testing of Aircraft
Series X – Miscellaneous Requirements