COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND LIBERAL ARTS

Prof Ed 16 (Technology for Teaching and Learning 1)

Chapter 1. Introduction to Technology for Teaching and Learning

Lesson 1: Basic Concepts

A. What is Educational Technology?

Many people think that educational technology is synonymous to computers and the use
of it in teaching and learning, but it is a whole lot more than this concept. Enumerated below are
some definitions offered by authorities in the field of educational Technology:

 Educational technology is the development, application, and evaluation of systems,

techniques, and aids to improve the process of human learning. (Council for Educational
Technology of the United Kingdom, as cited by Lucido, 1997)
 Educational technology is the application of scientific knowledge about learning and the
conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and training.
In the absence of scientifically established principles, educational technology implements
techniques of empirical testing to improve learning situations. (National Center for
Programmed Learning, United Kingdom, as cited by Lucido,1997)
 Educational technology is a systematic way of designing, implementing, and evaluating
the total process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives, based on
research in human learning and communication and employing a combination of human
and non-human resources to bring about more effective instruction. (Commission on
Instructional Technology, USA, as cited by Lucido, 1997)
 Educational technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization,
management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning. (Association for
Educational Communication and Technology)
 Educational technology is the systematic approach to designing and evaluating learning
and teaching methods and methodologies and to the application and exploitation of media
and the current knowledge of communication techniques in education, both formal and
informal. (Scottish Council of Educational Technology, as cited by Singh, 2005)
 Educational technology is the field of study which is concerned with the practice of using
educational methods and resources for the ultimate goal to facilitate the learning process.
(Lucido, 1997)
 Educational technology is concerned with the design and evaluation of curricula and
learning experiences and with the problems of implementing and renovating them.
(Rowntree, 1979, as cited by www.books.google.com)
 Educational technology is a systematic, iterative process for designing instruction or
training used to improve performance. (Hoffman, 1994-2009, as cited by
www.books.google.com)

The definitions of Educational Technology disclose in common that educational technology

encompasses the use of instructional media as part of the complex process of teaching and
learning and stresses its ultimate goal of improving any teaching- learning situation.

The meaning of educational technology can be interpreted in a broad or limited way. In a

restricted or limited interpretation, educational technology may mean the popular use of
audiovisual aids and technological resources (both digital and nondigital) while generally
speaking, educational technology covers the complex process of teaching and learning.

1. Identification of objectives;
2. Design of learning experiences;
3. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the learning experiences; and
4. Improvement of the learning experiences in order to achieve the desired outcome.
 Educational
technology

Improvement of the
learning experiences in Identification of
order to achieve the objectives
desired outcome.

Evaluation of the
Design of learning
effectiveness of the
experiences
learning experiences

Scope of Educational Technology

Along with the concept of educational technology, several other terms are used to denote
its scope, such as instructional technology, instructional media, instructional aids, audiovisual
aids, and instructional materials.

Instructional technology. Inclusive are those aspects of educational technology that are
primary concerned with instruction or the teaching-learning process rather than the design and
operation of educational institutions.

Instructional media. These are the means of communication available for educational
purposes other than the teacher. The term media emphasizes the interaction that occurs
between the teacher and the learner.

Instructional aids. The term aids emphasize the assistance or help of the instructional
media bringing out an effective teaching- learning situation.

Audiovisual aids. These are materials for instruction that employ the use of the sense of
sight, hearing or a combination of these modalities.

Instructional materials. These are the tools or equipment used by the teachers as media to
aid in the teaching-learning process.

B. Technology

Technology for teaching and learning describes communication, information, and

technological tools used to enhance learning, teaching and assessment. Nowadays,
technology integration has gone through advancements and revolutionized our society,
completely changing the way people think, work, and live (Grabe, 2007). Schools and
other educational institution that integrate ICT should be included in course meant to
educate students to live in a “knowledge society” curriculum (Ghavifekr, Afshari & Amla
Salleh, 2012).

- Technology came from the Latin word “techne” which means art craft, and skill. In ICT,
it refers to the combination of processes and products used in the application of
knowledge.

- Information is processed data has meaning, and is used for making decisions.
Technology + Information = Information Technology (used in various fields such as
business, medicine, agriculture, and education.

- In its broadest term, it could include overhead projectors and even pen and paper. But,
in the context of learning, it is generally understood to be the technologies that have
arrived with the “Information Revolution” (those associated with computers)/

C. Information and Communication

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 ICT Literacy – the use of digitcal technology, communication tools and/or networks to
access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information to function in a
knowledge society (Guro, 2021).

Digital Literacy – the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share, and create content using
information technologies and the internet; the ability to use information and
communication.

D. Technology, Media, and Learning

Technology in Education- the application of technology to any process of educational

enterprises:
: use of technological advancement in terms of various equipments,
materials, and machines for educational purposes.
: involves the increasingly complex range of audiovisual equipment,
sophisticated electronic devices like projectors, films, radios, TV, tape recorder,
computers, etc. for idividulaized and group learning.

Media- refers to all modes of communication, including pront and audio-visual forms and
their accompanying technology.

Examples: Camera, Overhead transparencies, films, TV, Charts, Multimedia

presentation

Learning- acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills values or preferences and may
involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by
humans, animals and some machines.
- It is the development of new knowledge, skills or attitudes as an individual interacts
with information and the environment.

E. Instructional System and Instructional Technology

Instructional system/ design- the practice of systematically designing, developing, and

delivering instructional products and experiences, both digital and physical, consistently
and reliably toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging, and inspiring.

Phases:

Instructional Technology- the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and
improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological
processes and resources.

F. Technology Tools

- are instruments used for doing work. It can be anything that helps you accomplish your
goal with the use of technology.

Online Digital Tools and Apps- are telecommunications application software products that
specialize in providing video chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, and mobile
devises via the Internet and regular telephones

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Offline Digital Tools and Apps- are software applications that can be used and accessed by
both teachers and students even without the Internet.

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