CHAPTER 1: ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA BRIEFLY ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. Some features include stone tools,
pottery, weaving, dependence on domesticated animals and
vegetation.
2. The title referring to Mesopotamia means Tigris and Euphrates
rivers produced fertile soil with supply of water for farming.
3. Indus Valley civilisation in India, Greek civilisation around
Aegean Sea, Norte Chico civilisation in South America,
Egyptian,civilisation around river Nile, etc.
4. Calendar, writing including the script Cuneiform, law,
mathematics, science and, etc. 5. Temples built in the civilisation.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN DETAIL 1. Looks for
reasons pertaining to fertile soil, stable irrigation supply,
sustainable farming livelihood, etc. 2. Look for reasons pertaining
to the fertile soil which supported farming as a thriving livelihood.
3. Look for reasons pertaining to inventions like writing,
mathematics, astronomy along with their fertile soil, and social
system. 4. Look for introduction to the ruler Hammurabi and his
strict laws for Babylonia. Further expect explanation on disparity in
the application of the code as the rich got away with minimal
punishment than the poor. 5. Sumerian language is the
Mesopotamian language. Look for explanation regarding the
existence of Sumerian language through its script Cuneiform,
which allowed for writing to be invented and writing one of the first
pieces of world literature namely the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’. 6. He
was a Babylonian ruler in the 6th century BCE and was famous for
the ‘Hanging Gardens of Babylon’ one of the seven wonders of the
world. 7. Looks for answers pertaining to its location and
architectural details, but answers may vary. CHOOSE THE RIGHT
ANSWER i. C ii. C iii. A iv. C v. C vi. C vii. B viii. C ix. C
CHAPTER 2: ANCIENT EGYPT BRIEFLY ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. A plant that was used to make paper.
2. Invented the decimal system of counting and introduced seven
different symbols for numbers.
3. Huge tomb built by Pharaohs for themselves.
4. Giza, Memphis, etc.
5. Bodies were embalmed and wrapped in cloth bandages to
preserve them.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN DETAIL
1. Look for answers pertaining to the fertile soil left after flooding
that was useful for agriculture. Moreover, look for answers that
pertain to trading, provision of fresh water, riverbanks providing
papyrus, etc. Answers may vary.
2. A form of writing that has characters in the form of pictures that
are read as pictures, symbols for objects or sounds. For
differentiation against pictograph, look for answers that pertain to
hieroglyphic writing.
3. Answers may vary but do look for reasons incorporating religion,
communication, etc.
4. Answers may vary but look for answers talking about life after
death.
5. Look for answers pertaining to her success, diplomacy and the
fact that she was well educated. Answers may vary.
6. Look for answers that talk about the Wazir, the police, army, a
barrage of ministers that help pharaohs. Answers may vary.
CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER i. 5000 ii. South iii. Papyrus iv.
Many gods
v. Pictures vi. Decimal vii. Pharaohs viii. Khufu
CHAPTER 3: INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION BRIEFLY ANSWER
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
2. 2. Punjab and Sindh
3. 3. Nile, Tigris, Euphrates and Yangtze.
4. 4. To prove they were agriculturists and may symbolize one of
the worshipped gods.
5. 5. Archaeologists, historians, architecture etc.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN DETAIL
1. Look for answers with reference to separate official and
residential areas, along with references to wide streets and narrow
lanes. Answers may vary.
2. 2. Answers may contain annual floods making the soil fertile for
cotton, barley, peas, lentils among other crops. They had granaries
or storehouses, where surplus crops were stored.
3. 3. They symbolized communication for correspondence between
Indus Valley dwellers and traders from other civilisations.
4. 4. Answers may vary
5. 5. Using primary and secondary sources, explain how the Indus
civilisation was different from other great civilisations.
6. 6. Mainly through measurement systems, but answers may vary.
7. . Answers may vary CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER i.
Mehergarh ii. 5000 iii. Harappan iv. Peaceful v. writing vi.
1920 vii. Seals viii. Farm
CHAPTER 4: CHINESE CIVILISATION BRIEFLY ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. 2100 BCE and around River Yangtze
2. Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and it was the one
that ruled the longest.
3. 3. Assembled to protect the emperor in afterlife. 8000 soldiers,
horses, archers and chariots were made of terracotta. Not a single
piece is the created the same.
4. 4. Gun powder and paper. Gun powder changed the way wars
were fought and paper changed the culture in the West.
5. 5. Confucianism and Taoism.
6. 6. Built by Shi Huangdi to keep out barbarians and invaders.
Continued to be extended by other dynasties.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN DETAIL
1. It was built by Qin Dynasty ruler Shi Huangdi to keep out the
barbarians. The 5000km wall runs from east to west along
Northern China’s border. It was strengthened with stones and
brick than rammed earth by Ming Dynasty. Answers may vary.
2. 2. Answers may vary but look for references to flourishing of
Chinese philosophy as a marker of high education in Chinese
civilisation.
3. 3. Answers may vary but expect answers that contain respecting
ancestors and not just gods. Emperors should ensure harmony and
order in their empires, among other teachings of Confucius.
4. 4. Answers may vary.
5. 5. Answers may vary but look for answers that refer to
trading/economic benefits of the trade routes.
6. 6. Look for answers that refer to Qin dynasty’s emperor Shi
Huangdi uniting all of China under one empire. Moreover, look for
answers that discuss centralized government, development of a
written language, a single currency, etc. Answers may vary.
7. 7. Answers may vary, but look for answers that discuss the
Terracotta Army as a symbol of refined art, and Great Wall of China
keeping out barbarians.
8. 8. Answers may vary but look for similarities pertaining to
inventions and writing forms. Differences should include,ways of
governance and military tactics.
CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER i. Xia ii. Confucius iii.
Beijing iv. Road v. Writing vi. Qin Shi Huang
