(SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES)
Subject – crop production technology (kharif crops)
Code-BSAC 301
Semester-3rd section B
Enrollment no. – 2023 BSCAGR0052
Submitted to:
Dr.Shagun Gupta submitted by:
Priya Negi
BLACK GRAM
(URDBEAN)
▪ Botanical name- Vigna mungo
▪ Family- Leguminose Or fabacae
▪ Chromosome no. 2n =22
▪ Genus- vigna
▪ Species- mungo
▪ Kingdom- plantae
▪ Kharif season crop
▪ Local name- urad dal in hindi
ORIGIN
▪ India is considered as primary centre of origin and
▪ Central Asia is the secondary centre of origin of blackgram.
INTRODUCTION
Botanical name: vigna mungo
Family: Leguminosea, Fabacae
▪ Vigna mungo is an important pulse crop grown throughout India.
▪ It is grown in an area of about three million hectares in India.
▪ Annual production of uradbean in India is about 1.3 million tonnes.
▪ It is mainly used as ‘dal’ and in preparation of many dishes in our diet.
▪ In southern parts of India, it is used in preparation of some special dishes.
▪ It is very rich in protein containing about 25 per cent protein in its seed.
▪ It is also acts as cover crop and it’s deep root system protect soil from erosion.
▪ Besides, this Green fodder of urdbean in very nutritive and is specially useful fo
milch cattle.
▪ Urdbean being leguminous has the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen and thus
helps in restoring the soil fertility.
▪ Urdbean grown in many states like madhya pradesh, andhra pradesh. Bihar,
Punjab, haryana, Maharashtra.
AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF
URDBEAN IN INDIA
PRODUCTIVITY
NUTRIENT CONTENT
(Per 100 g of edible portion)
1. Carbohydrate: 58.9%
2. Protein: 25.2%
3. Water:10.8%
4. Fat:1.6%
5. Calcium: 138mg
6. Iron:7.57mg
CLIMATE
▪ It is generally grown in kharif and summer season.
▪ It grows best in hot and humid conditions with ideal temperature range between
25°C to 35°C.
▪ It can be grown successfully from sea level up to an elevation of 1800 meters.
▪ It is best suited to areas having an annual rainfall of 60 to 75 cm.
▪ The flower of black gram is small and yellow in colour.
SOIL
▪ Black gram does well on heavier soils such as black common soil which retain
moisture better.
▪ It can be grown all types of soil ranging from sandy loam to heavy clay, except the
alkaline and saline soil.
▪ Loam and slightly heavy soil with neutral pH are best suited for urdbean.
▪ Soil should be well drained and having good water holding capacity.
▪ Waterlogged, saline and alkaline soil should be avoided.
LAND PREPARATION
▪ Good land preparation are necessary for better yeild of black gram.
▪ Land should be ploughed in summer followed by two to three harrowing at
monsoon for kharif season.
▪ Land should be well levelled.
▪ Collect the weeds, previous crop stubbles, stones and clean the field for sowing.
▪ If necessary, one pre-sowing irrigation should be given.
SOWING
Method of sowing
▪ Sowing should be done in line by drilling method.
▪ Seeds should not be sown more than 5to 6cm in depth.
Time of sowing
▪ Middle of june to middle of July is the proper time for black gram sowing in kharif
season.
▪ In Summer, sowing should be done from middle of february to middle of march.
▪ Late sowing should be avoided.
Seed treatment
▪ Seed should be treated with thiram@ 2.5g/kg seed.
SEED RATE AND SPACING
Season seed rate spacing
Kharif 12 to15kg/ha* 30×10cm
Summer 20 to 25kg/ha* 20-25×10cm
*kharif season crop requires lesser seed rate and wider spacing
because of very profuse plant growth but summer season crops
need closer spacing and there by a higher seed rate is required.
VARIETIES
WATER MANAGEMENT
▪ Irrigate immediately after sowing.
▪ Irrigate at intervals of 7to 10 days depending upon soil and climatic conditions.
Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods when irrigation is a must.
Avoid water stagnation at all stages.
▪ Apply KCl at 0.5 per cent as foliar spray during vegetative stage if there is moisture
stress.
WEED MANAGEMENT
SOME WEEDS THAT ARE COMMONLY FOUND
IN BLACK GRAM
▪ Cyprus rotundus
▪ Cynodon dactylon
▪ Eleusine indicia
▪ Euphorbia thymifolia
▪ Cleome viscosa
▪ Boerhavia erecta
FERTILIZER DOSE
HARVESTING, THRESHING AND STORAGE
YIELD
